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<h1>A Primer on Bézier Curves</h1>
<h2>A free, online book for when you really need to know how to do Bézier things.</h2>
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<section className="preface"><h2>序言</h2>
<p>我们通常用线条来绘制2D图形大致分为两种线条直线和曲线。不论我们动手还是用电脑都能很容易地画出第一种线条。只要给电脑起点和终点直线就画出来了。没什么好疑问的。</p>
<p>然而,绘制曲线却是个大问题。虽然我们可以很容易地徒手画出曲线,但除非给出描述曲线的数学函数,不然计算机无法画出曲线。实际上,画直线时也需要数学函数,但画直线所需的方程式很简单,我们在这里不去考虑。在计算机看来,所有线条都是“函数”,不管它们是直线还是曲线。然而,这就表示我们需要找到能在计算机上表现良好的曲线方程。这样的曲线有很多种,在本文我们主要关注一类特殊的、备受关注的函数,基本上任何画曲线的地方都会用到它:贝塞尔曲线。</p>
<p>它们是以<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9zier">Pierre Bézier</a>命名的尽管他并不是第一个或者说唯一“发明”了这种曲线的人但他让世界知道了这种曲线十分适合设计工作在1962年为Renault工作并发表了他的研究。有人也许会说数学家<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_de_Casteljau">Paul de Casteljau</a>是第一个发现这类曲线特性的人在Citroën工作时他提出了一种很优雅的方法来画这些曲线。然而de Casteljau没有发表他的工作这使得“谁先发现”这一问题很难有一个确切的答案。
贝塞尔曲线本质上是伯恩斯坦多项式,这是<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Natanovich_Bernstein">Sergei Natanovich Bernstein</a>研究的一种数学函数关于它们的出版物至少可以追溯到1912年。无论如何这些都只是一些冷知识你可能更在意的是这些曲线很方便你可以连接多条贝塞尔曲线并且连接起来的曲线看起来就像是一条曲线。甚至在你在Photoshop中画“路径”或使用一些像Flash、Illustrator和Inkscape这样的矢量绘图程序时所画的曲线都是贝塞尔曲线。</p>
<p>那么,要是你自己想编程实现它们呢?有哪些陷阱?你怎么画它们?包围盒是怎么样的,怎么确定交点,怎么拉伸曲线,简单来说:你怎么对曲线做一切你想做的事?这就是这篇文章想说的。准备好学习一些数学吧!</p>
<p>—Pomax (推特账号, <a href="https://twitter.com/TheRealPomax">@TheRealPomax</a>)</p>
<div className="note">
<h2 id="-">注意:几乎所有的贝塞尔图形都是可交互的。</h2>
<p>这个页面使用了基于<a href="http://pomax.github.io/bezierjs">Bezier.js</a> 的可交互例子,还有一些用<a href="http://MathJax.org">MathJax</a> 排版的“真正的”数学LaTeX形式。这个页面是用Webpack离线生成的React应用这便让加入“查看源码”选项更具挑战性了。我仍然试图将它们添加回来但跟前几年的版本相比不觉得它能够支撑部署这个更新。</p>
<h2 id="-">这本书是开源的。</h2>
<p>这本书是开源的软件项目现有两个github仓库。第一个<a href="https://github.com/pomax/bezierinfo">https://github.com/pomax/bezierinfo</a>,它是你现在在看的这个,纯粹用来展示的版本。另外一个<a href="https://github.com/pomax/BezierInfo-2">https://github.com/pomax/BezierInfo-2</a>是带有所有html, javascript和css的开发版本。你可以fork任意一个随便做些什么当然除了把它当作自己的作品来商用。 =)</p>
<h2 id="-">用到的数学将有多复杂?</h2>
<p>这份入门读物用到的大部分数学知识都是高中所学的。如果你理解基本的计算并能看懂英文的话,就能上手这份材料。有时候会用到<em>复杂</em>一点的数学,但如果你不想深究它们,可以选择跳过段落里的“详解”部分,或者直接跳到章节末尾,避开那些看起来很深入的数学。章节的末尾往往会列出一些结论,因此你可以直接利用这些结论。</p>
<h2 id="-">问题,评论:</h2>
<p>如果你有对于新章节的一些建议,点击 <a href="https://github.com/pomax/BezierInfo-2/issues">Github issue tracker</a> 也可以点右上角的repo链接。如果你有关于材料的一些问题由于我现在在做改写工作目前没有评论功能但你可以用issue跟踪来发表评论。一旦完成重写工作我会把评论功能加上或者会有“选择文字段落点击问题按钮来提问”的系统。到时候我们看看。</p>
<h2 id="-">给我买杯咖啡?</h2>
<p>如果你很喜欢这本书,或发现它对你要做的事很有帮助,或者你想知道怎么表达自己对这本书的感激,你可以 <a href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=QPRDLNGDANJSW">给我买杯咖啡</a> 所少钱取决于你。这份工作持续了很多年从一份小小的简要到70多页关于贝塞尔曲线的读物在完成它的过程中倾注了很多咖啡。我从未后悔花在这上面的每一分钟但如果有更多咖啡的话我可以坚持写下去!</p>
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