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correct text and code style

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Peter Gribanov
2017-09-07 12:23:35 +03:00
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parent 6c01399ce8
commit bff562b4d2
1 changed files with 118 additions and 75 deletions
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README.md
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@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
# Clean Code PHP
## Table of Contents
1. [Introduction](#introduction)
2. [Variables](#variables)
3. [Functions](#functions)
@@ -27,62 +28,74 @@ years of collective experience by the authors of *Clean Code*.
Inspired from [clean-code-javascript](https://github.com/ryanmcdermott/clean-code-javascript)
## **Variables**
## Variables
### Use meaningful and pronounceable variable names
**Bad:**
```php
$ymdstr = $moment->format('y-m-d');
```
**Good**:
**Good:**
```php
$currentDate = $moment->format('y-m-d');
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
### Use the same vocabulary for the same type of variable
**Bad:**
```php
getUserInfo();
getClientData();
getCustomerRecord();
```
**Good**:
**Good:**
```php
getUser();
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
### Use searchable names
We will read more code than we will ever write. It's important that the code we do write is
readable and searchable. By *not* naming variables that end up being meaningful for
understanding our program, we hurt our readers.
Make your names searchable.
**Bad:**
```php
// What the heck is 86400 for?
addExpireAt(86400);
```
**Good**:
**Good:**
```php
// Declare them as capitalized `const` globals.
interface DateGlobal {
interface DateGlobal
{
const SECONDS_IN_A_DAY = 86400;
}
addExpireAt(DateGlobal::SECONDS_IN_A_DAY);
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
### Use explanatory variables
**Bad:**
```php
$address = 'One Infinite Loop, Cupertino 95014';
$cityZipCodeRegex = '/^[^,\\]+[,\\\s]+(.+?)\s*(\d{5})?$/';
@@ -91,7 +104,7 @@ preg_match($cityZipCodeRegex, $address, $matches);
saveCityZipCode($matches[1], $matches[2]);
```
**Not bad**:
**Not bad:**
It's better, but we are still heavily dependent on regex.
@@ -104,9 +117,10 @@ list(, $city, $zipCode) = $matches;
saveCityZipCode($city, $zipCode);
```
**Good**:
**Good:**
Decrease dependence on regex by naming subpatterns.
```php
$address = 'One Infinite Loop, Cupertino 95014';
$cityZipCodeRegex = '/^[^,\\]+[,\\\s]+(?<city>.+?)\s*(?<zipCode>\d{5})?$/';
@@ -114,13 +128,16 @@ preg_match($cityZipCodeRegex, $address, $matches);
saveCityZipCode($matches['city'], $matches['zipCode']);
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
### Avoid Mental Mapping
Don’t force the reader of your code to translate what the variable means.
Explicit is better than implicit.
**Bad:**
```php
$l = ['Austin', 'New York', 'San Francisco'];
@@ -136,7 +153,8 @@ for ($i = 0; $i < count($l); $i++) {
}
```
**Good**:
**Good:**
```php
$locations = ['Austin', 'New York', 'San Francisco'];
@@ -147,10 +165,10 @@ foreach ($locations as $location) {
// ...
// ...
dispatch($location);
});
}
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
### Don't add unneeded context
@@ -170,7 +188,7 @@ class Car
}
```
**Good**:
**Good:**
```php
class Car
@@ -210,7 +228,7 @@ function createMicrobrewery($name = null)
}
```
**Good**:
**Good:**
If you support only PHP 7+, then you can use [type hinting](http://php.net/manual/en/functions.arguments.php#functions.arguments.type-declaration) and be sure that the `$breweryName` will not be `NULL`.
@@ -222,8 +240,11 @@ function createMicrobrewery(string $breweryName = 'Hipster Brew Co.')
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## **Functions**
## Functions
### Function arguments (2 or fewer ideally)
Limiting the amount of function parameters is incredibly important because it makes
testing your function easier. Having more than three leads to a combinatorial explosion
where you have to test tons of different cases with each separate argument.
@@ -234,13 +255,16 @@ arguments then your function is trying to do too much. In cases where it's not,
of the time a higher-level object will suffice as an argument.
**Bad:**
```php
function createMenu($title, $body, $buttonText, $cancellable) {
function createMenu($title, $body, $buttonText, $cancellable)
{
// ...
}
```
**Good**:
**Good:**
```php
class MenuConfig
{
@@ -256,15 +280,16 @@ $config->body = 'Bar';
$config->buttonText = 'Baz';
$config->cancellable = true;
function createMenu(MenuConfig $config) {
function createMenu(MenuConfig $config)
{
// ...
}
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
### Functions should do one thing
This is by far the most important rule in software engineering. When functions do more
than one thing, they are harder to compose, test, and reason about. When you can isolate
a function to just one action, they can be refactored easily and your code will read much
@@ -273,7 +298,8 @@ of many developers.
**Bad:**
```php
function emailClients($clients) {
function emailClients($clients)
{
foreach ($clients as $client) {
$clientRecord = $db->find($client);
if ($clientRecord->isActive()) {
@@ -283,22 +309,28 @@ function emailClients($clients) {
}
```
**Good**:
**Good:**
```php
function emailClients($clients) {
function emailClients($clients)
{
$activeClients = activeClients($clients);
array_walk($activeClients, 'email');
}
function activeClients($clients) {
function activeClients($clients)
{
return array_filter($clients, 'isClientActive');
}
function isClientActive($client) {
function isClientActive($client)
{
$clientRecord = $db->find($client);
return $clientRecord->isActive();
}
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
### Function names should say what they do
@@ -441,9 +473,7 @@ class Tokenizer
return $tokens;
}
}
```
```php
class Lexer
{
public function lexify($tokens)
@@ -456,9 +486,7 @@ class Lexer
return $ast;
}
}
```
```php
class BetterJSAlternative
{
private $tokenizer;
@@ -502,7 +530,7 @@ function createFile($name, $temp = false)
}
```
**Good**:
**Good:**
```php
function createFile($name)
@@ -571,6 +599,7 @@ var_dump($newName); // ['Ryan', 'McDermott'];
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
### Don't write to global functions
Polluting globals is a bad practice in many languages because you could clash with another
library and the user of your API would be none-the-wiser until they get an exception in
production. Let's think about an example: what if you wanted to have configuration array.
@@ -627,6 +656,7 @@ And now you must use instance of `Configuration` in your application.
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
### Don't use a Singleton pattern
Singleton is an [anti-pattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton_pattern).
**Bad:**
@@ -690,7 +720,7 @@ if ($article->state === 'published') {
}
```
**Good**:
**Good:**
```php
if ($article->isPublished()) {
@@ -824,7 +854,7 @@ function travelToTexas($vehicle)
}
```
**Good**:
**Good:**
```php
function travelToTexas(Traveler $vehicle)
@@ -860,7 +890,7 @@ function combine($val1, $val2)
}
```
**Good**:
**Good:**
```php
function combine(int $val1, int $val2)
@@ -909,7 +939,8 @@ inventoryTracker('apples', $request, 'www.inventory-awesome.io');
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## **Objects and Data Structures**
## Objects and Data Structures
### Use getters and setters
In PHP you can set `public`, `protected` and `private` keywords for methods.
@@ -1015,7 +1046,8 @@ class Employee
$this->name = $name;
}
public function getName() {
public function getName()
{
return $this->name;
}
}
@@ -1026,10 +1058,10 @@ echo 'Employee name: '.$employee->getName(); // Employee name: John Doe
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## **Classes**
## Classes
### Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
As stated in Clean Code, "There should never be more than one reason for a class
to change". It's tempting to jam-pack a class with a lot of functionality, like
when you can only take one suitcase on your flight. The issue with this is
@@ -1040,6 +1072,7 @@ it can be difficult to understand how that will affect other dependent modules i
your codebase.
**Bad:**
```php
class UserSettings
{
@@ -1065,6 +1098,7 @@ class UserSettings
```
**Good:**
```php
class UserAuth
{
@@ -1081,7 +1115,6 @@ class UserAuth
}
}
class UserSettings
{
private $user;
@@ -1101,6 +1134,7 @@ class UserSettings
}
}
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
### Open/Closed Principle (OCP)
@@ -1163,12 +1197,12 @@ class HttpRequester
}
}
protected function makeAjaxCall($url)
private function makeAjaxCall($url)
{
// request and return promise
}
protected function makeHttpCall($url)
private function makeHttpCall($url)
{
// request and return promise
}
@@ -1324,7 +1358,7 @@ class Rectangle extends Shape
class Square extends Shape
{
protected $length = 0;
private $length = 0;
public function setLength($length)
{
@@ -1542,6 +1576,7 @@ class Manager
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
### Use method chaining
This pattern is very useful and commonly used in many libraries such
as PHPUnit and Doctrine. It allows your code to be expressive, and less verbose.
For that reason, use method chaining and take a look at how clean your code
@@ -1549,6 +1584,7 @@ will be. In your class functions, simply use `return $this` at the end of every
and you can chain further class methods onto it.
**Bad:**
```php
class Car
{
@@ -1585,6 +1621,7 @@ $car->dump();
```
**Good:**
```php
class Car
{
@@ -1628,9 +1665,11 @@ $car = (new Car())
->setModel('F-150')
->dump();
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
### Prefer composition over inheritance
As stated famously in [*Design Patterns*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_Patterns) by the Gang of Four,
you should prefer composition over inheritance where you can. There are lots of
good reasons to use inheritance and lots of good reasons to use composition.
@@ -1649,6 +1688,7 @@ relationship (Human->Animal vs. User->UserDetails).
(Change the caloric expenditure of all animals when they move).
**Bad:**
```php
class Employee
{
@@ -1685,6 +1725,7 @@ class EmployeeTaxData extends Employee
```
**Good:**
```php
class EmployeeTaxData
{
@@ -1712,12 +1753,15 @@ class Employee
$this->email = $email;
}
public function setTaxData($ssn, $salary) {
public function setTaxData($ssn, $salary)
{
$this->taxData = new EmployeeTaxData($ssn, $salary);
}
// ...
}
```
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## Don’t repeat yourself (DRY)
@@ -1750,7 +1794,7 @@ updating multiple places anytime you want to change one thing.
```php
function showDeveloperList($developers)
{
   foreach ($developers as $developer) {
foreach ($developers as $developer) {
$expectedSalary = $developer->calculateExpectedSalary();
$experience = $developer->getExperience();
$githubLink = $developer->getGithubLink();
@@ -1766,7 +1810,7 @@ function showDeveloperList($developers)
function showManagerList($managers)
{
   foreach ($managers as $manager) {
foreach ($managers as $manager) {
$expectedSalary = $manager->calculateExpectedSalary();
$experience = $manager->getExperience();
$githubLink = $manager->getGithubLink();
@@ -1786,10 +1830,10 @@ function showManagerList($managers)
```php
function showList($employees)
{
   foreach ($employees as $employee) {
       $expectedSalary = $employee->calculateExpectedSalary();
       $experience = $employee->getExperience();
       $githubLink = $employee->getGithubLink();
foreach ($employees as $employee) {
$expectedSalary = $employee->calculateExpectedSalary();
$experience = $employee->getExperience();
$githubLink = $employee->getGithubLink();
$data = [
$expectedSalary,
$experience,
@@ -1808,7 +1852,7 @@ It is better to use a compact version of the code.
```php
function showList($employees)
{
   foreach ($employees as $employee) {
foreach ($employees as $employee) {
render([
$employee->calculateExpectedSalary(),
$employee->getExperience(),
@@ -1820,13 +1864,12 @@ function showList($employees)
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**
## Translations
This is also available in other languages:
- ![cn](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gosquared/flags/master/flags/flags/shiny/24/China.png) **Chinese**:
- [yangweijie/clean-code-php](https://github.com/yangweijie/clean-code-php)
- [php-cpm/clean-code-php](https://github.com/php-cpm/clean-code-php)
* ![cn](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gosquared/flags/master/flags/flags/shiny/24/China.png) **Chinese:**
* [yangweijie/clean-code-php](https://github.com/yangweijie/clean-code-php)
* [php-cpm/clean-code-php](https://github.com/php-cpm/clean-code-php)
**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**