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sirkubax
2017-09-22 22:21:42 +02:00
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@@ -6,17 +6,38 @@ contributors:
filename: LearnAnsible.txt filename: LearnAnsible.txt
--- ---
Ansible is (one of the many) orchestration tools. It allows you to controll your environment (infrastructure and a code) and automate the manual tasks. ```yaml
'You can think as simple as writing in bash with python API :) ---
Of course the rabit hole is way deeper.' Ansible - the easiest orchestration tool
Ansible have great integration with multiple operating systems (even Windows) and some hardware (switches, Firewalls, etc). It has multiple tools that integrate with the could providers. Almost every worth-notice cloud provider is present in the ecosystem (AWS, Azure, Google, DigitalOcean, OVH, etc...) Why Ansible and Intro - in the second part of document
```
## Ansible naming and basic concept ## Installation
```bash
# Universal way
$ pip install ansible
### Basic ansible commands # Debian, Ubuntu
$ apt-get install ansible
```
* Appendix A - How do I install ansible
[Additional Reading.](http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/intro_installation.html)
### Basic ansible commands (shell execution)
```bash
# This command ping the localhost (defined in default inventory /etc/ansible/hosts)
$ ansible -m ping localhost
<span style="color:green">localhost | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}</span>
```
### Commands
There are few commands you should know about There are few commands you should know about
`ansible` (to run modules in CLI) `ansible` (to run modules in CLI)
@@ -25,16 +46,37 @@ There are few commands you should know about
`ansible-galaxy` (to install roles from github/galaxy) `ansible-galaxy` (to install roles from github/galaxy)
and other! and other!
```bash
$ ansible -m shell -a 'date; whoami' localhost #hostname_or_a_group_name
```
The module `command` allows to execute a single command. It will not be processed through the shell, so variables like $HOME and operations like "<", ">", "|", ";" and "&" will not work. Use shell :)
We should also mention a module `raw` that sometimes can save the day.
```bash
$ ansible -m command -a 'date; whoami' # FAILURE
$ ansible -m command -a 'date'
$ ansible -m command -a 'whoami'
```
#### Module - program (usaly python) that execute, do some work and return proper output :)
This program perform specialized task/action (like manage instances in the cloud, execute shell command).
The simplest module is called `ping` - it just returns a JSON with `pong` message.
Example of modules:
Module: `shell` - a module that executes shell command on a specified host(s).
Module: `file` - performs file operations (stat, link, dir, ...)
```yaml
```
#### Inventory #### Inventory
Inventory is a set of objects/hosts against which we are executing our playbooks Inventory is a set of objects/hosts against which we are executing our playbooks
For this few minutes, lets asume that we are using default ansible inventory (which in Debian based system is placed in /etc/ansible/hosts_ For this few minutes, lets asume that we are using default ansible inventory (which in Debian based system is placed in /etc/ansible/hosts_
#### Module - this is name for an logical program (usaly python) that consume proper JSON input and return proper output :)
This program perform certain task/action (like manage Amazon instances, execute shell command, any of your program).
The simplest module is called `ping` - it just returns a JSON with `pong` message and ansible variables.
Example: Module:shell - a module that executes shell command on a delegated host(s).
Example: Module:file - performs file operations (stat, link, dir, ...)
##### Task ##### Task
Execution of a single module is called a `task` Execution of a single module is called a `task`
@@ -44,30 +86,22 @@ Another example of the module that allow you to execute command remotly on multi
Example of a Task run in CLI: Example of a Task run in CLI:
###### Run a ansible module ###### Run a ansible module
```bash
$ ansible -m ping hostname_or_a_group_name
$ ansible -m shell -a 'date; whoami' hostname_or_a_group_name
```
another module - `command` that allows to execute a single command only with a simple shell #JM
We should also mention a module `raw`
```bash
$ ansible -m command -a 'date; whoami' # FAILURE
$ ansible -m command -a 'date'
$ ansible -m command -a 'whoami'
```
##### Playbook ##### Playbook
Execution plan written in a form of script file(s) is called `playbook`.
A common way to execute tasks is called `playbook`. Playbook consist of multiple elements
You have to define a list (or group) of hosts that is executed against, some `task(s)` or `role(s)` that are going to be executed. There are also multiple optional settings (like default variables, and way more). * a list (or group) of hosts that 'the play' is executed against
* `task(s)` or `role(s)` that are going to be executed
* multiple optional settings (like default variables, and way more)
Playbook script language is YAML Playbook script language is YAML
You can think that it is very advanced CLI script that you are executing. You can think that playbook is very advanced CLI script that you are executing.
Example of the playbook:
##### Example of the playbook:
This playbook would execute (on all hosts defined in the inventory) two tasks
*`ping` that would return message *pong*
* `shell` that execute three commands and return the output to our terminal
```yml ```yml
hosts: all hosts: all
@@ -83,7 +117,7 @@ You can execute a playbook with a command:
```bash ```bash
$ ansible-playbook path/name_of_the_playbook.yml $ ansible-playbook path/name_of_the_playbook.yml
``` ```
It is also possible to become a user other than root using --become-user:
## More on ansible concept ## More on ansible concept
### ansible-roles (a 'template-playbooks in right structure') ### ansible-roles (a 'template-playbooks in right structure')
@@ -138,6 +172,9 @@ It is a best way to restart a service, check if application port is open, etc.
### ansible - variables ### ansible - variables
lookup's lookup's
#### templates
JINJA2
### ansible-vault ### ansible-vault
### inventory ### inventory
@@ -180,6 +217,14 @@ tags
meta meta
no_logs no_logs
## Introduction
Ansible is (one of the many) orchestration tools. It allows you to controll your environment (infrastructure and a code) and automate the manual tasks.
'You can think as simple as writing in bash with python API :)
Of course the rabit hole is way deeper.'
Ansible have great integration with multiple operating systems (even Windows) and some hardware (switches, Firewalls, etc). It has multiple tools that integrate with the could providers. Almost every worth-notice cloud provider is present in the ecosystem (AWS, Azure, Google, DigitalOcean, OVH, etc...)
## Main cons and pros ## Main cons and pros