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removing whitespace all over
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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---
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language: D
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filename: learnd.d
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language: D
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filename: learnd.d
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contributors:
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- ["Nick Papanastasiou", "www.nickpapanastasiou.github.io"]
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lang: en
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@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ void main(string[] args) {
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}
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```
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If you're like me and spend way too much time on the internet, odds are you've heard
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If you're like me and spend way too much time on the internet, odds are you've heard
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about [D](http://dlang.org/). The D programming language is a modern, general-purpose,
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multi-paradigm language with support for everything from low-level features to
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multi-paradigm language with support for everything from low-level features to
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expressive high-level abstractions.
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D is actively developed by Walter Bright and Andrei Alexandrescu, two super smart, really cool
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@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ void main() {
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}
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auto n = 1; // use auto for type inferred variables
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// Numeric literals can use _ as a digit seperator for clarity
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while(n < 10_000) {
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n += n;
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@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ void main() {
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// For and while are nice, but in D-land we prefer foreach
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// The .. creates a continuous range, excluding the end
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foreach(i; 1..1_000_000) {
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foreach(i; 1..1_000_000) {
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if(n % 2 == 0)
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writeln(i);
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}
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@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ we can use templates to parameterize all of these on both types and values!
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// Here, T is a type parameter. Think <T> from C++/C#/Java
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struct LinkedList(T) {
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T data = null;
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LinkedList!(T)* next; // The ! is used to instaniate a parameterized type. Again, think <T>
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LinkedList!(T)* next; // The ! is used to instaniate a parameterized type. Again, think <T>
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}
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class BinTree(T) {
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T data = null;
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// If there is only one template parameter, we can omit parens
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BinTree!T left;
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BinTree!T right;
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@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ alias NumTree = BinTree!double;
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// We can create function templates as well!
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T max(T)(T a, T b) {
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if(a < b)
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if(a < b)
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return b;
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return a;
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@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ void swap(T)(ref T a, ref T b) {
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auto temp = a;
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a = b;
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b = temp;
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b = temp;
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}
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// With templates, we can also parameterize on values, not just types
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@@ -145,13 +145,13 @@ class MyClass(T, U) {
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class MyClass(T, U) {
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T _data;
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U _other;
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// Constructors are always named `this`
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this(T t, U u) {
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data = t;
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other = u;
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}
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// getters
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@property T data() {
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return _data;
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@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class MyClass(T, U) {
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return _other;
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}
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// setters
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// setters
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@property void data(T t) {
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_data = t;
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}
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@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ void main() {
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mc.data = 7;
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mc.other = "seven";
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writeln(mc.data);
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writeln(mc.other);
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}
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@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ and `override`ing methods. D does inheritance just like Java:
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Extend one class, implement as many interfaces as you please.
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We've seen D's OOP facilities, but let's switch gears. D offers
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functional programming with first-class functions, `pure`
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functional programming with first-class functions, `pure`
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functions, and immutable data. In addition, all of your favorite
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functional algorithms (map, filter, reduce and friends) can be
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found in the wonderful `std.algorithm` module!
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@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ import std.range : iota; // builds an end-exclusive range
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void main() {
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// We want to print the sum of a list of squares of even ints
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// from 1 to 100. Easy!
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// Just pass lambda expressions as template parameters!
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// You can pass any old function you like, but lambdas are convenient here.
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auto num = iota(1, 101).filter!(x => x % 2 == 0)
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@@ -216,12 +216,12 @@ void main() {
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}
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```
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Notice how we got to build a nice Haskellian pipeline to compute num?
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Notice how we got to build a nice Haskellian pipeline to compute num?
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That's thanks to a D innovation know as Uniform Function Call Syntax.
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With UFCS, we can choose whether to write a function call as a method
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or free function call! Walter wrote a nice article on this
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[here.](http://www.drdobbs.com/cpp/uniform-function-call-syntax/232700394)
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In short, you can call functions whose first parameter
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[here.](http://www.drdobbs.com/cpp/uniform-function-call-syntax/232700394)
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In short, you can call functions whose first parameter
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is of some type A on any expression of type A as a method.
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I like parallelism. Anyone else like parallelism? Sure you do. Let's do some!
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