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https://github.com/adambard/learnxinyminutes-docs.git
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removing whitespace all over
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Gabriel Halley
@@ -11,28 +11,28 @@ contributors:
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Feedback highly appreciated! Reach me at [@jigyasa_grover](https://twitter.com/jigyasa_grover) or send me an e-mail at `grover.jigyasa1@gmail.com`.
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##Allowable characters:
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- a-z
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- A-Z
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- 0-9
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##Allowable characters:
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- a-z
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- A-Z
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- 0-9
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- .+/\*~<>@%|&?
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- blank, tab, cr, ff, lf
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##Variables:
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- variables must be declared before use
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- shared vars must begin with uppercase
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- local vars must begin with lowercase
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- variables must be declared before use
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- shared vars must begin with uppercase
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- local vars must begin with lowercase
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- reserved names: `nil`, `true`, `false`, `self`, `super`, and `Smalltalk`
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##Variable scope:
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- Global: defined in Dictionary Smalltalk and accessible by all objects in system - Special: (reserved) `Smalltalk`, `super`, `self`, `true`, `false`, & `nil`
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- Method Temporary: local to a method
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- Block Temporary: local to a block
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- Pool: variables in a Dictionary object
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##Variable scope:
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- Global: defined in Dictionary Smalltalk and accessible by all objects in system - Special: (reserved) `Smalltalk`, `super`, `self`, `true`, `false`, & `nil`
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- Method Temporary: local to a method
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- Block Temporary: local to a block
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- Pool: variables in a Dictionary object
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- Method Parameters: automatic local vars created as a result of message call with params
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- Block Parameters: automatic local vars created as a result of value: message call
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- Class: shared with all instances of one class & its subclasses
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- Class Instance: unique to each instance of a class
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- Class: shared with all instances of one class & its subclasses
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- Class Instance: unique to each instance of a class
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- Instance Variables: unique to each instance
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`"Comments are enclosed in quotes"`
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@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Transcript cr. "carriage return / l
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Transcript endEntry. "flush the output buffer"
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```
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##Assignment:
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##Assignment:
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```
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| x y |
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x _ 4. "assignment (Squeak) <-"
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@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ y := x deepCopy. "copy object and ins
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y := x veryDeepCopy. "complete tree copy using a dictionary"
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```
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##Constants:
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##Constants:
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```
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| b |
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b := true. "true constant"
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@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ x := #('abc' 2 $a). "mixing of types all
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```
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## Booleans:
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## Booleans:
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```
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| b x y |
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x := 1. y := 2.
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@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ b := $A isLowercase. "test if lower case
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```
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## Arithmetic expressions:
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## Arithmetic expressions:
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```
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| x |
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x := 6 + 3. "addition"
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@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ x := 100 atRandom. "quick random number
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```
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##Bitwise Manipulation:
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##Bitwise Manipulation:
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```
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| b x |
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x := 16rFF bitAnd: 16r0F. "and bits"
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@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ b := 16rFF noMask: 16r0F. "test if all bits se
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```
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## Conversion:
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## Conversion:
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```
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| x |
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x := 3.99 asInteger. "convert number to integer (truncates in Squeak)"
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@@ -223,15 +223,15 @@ x := 15 storeStringBase: 16.
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```
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## Blocks:
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- blocks are objects and may be assigned to a variable
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- value is last expression evaluated unless explicit return
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- blocks may be nested
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- specification [ arguments | | localvars | expressions ]
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- Squeak does not currently support localvars in blocks
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- max of three arguments allowed
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- `^`expression terminates block & method (exits all nested blocks)
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- blocks intended for long term storage should not contain `^`
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## Blocks:
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- blocks are objects and may be assigned to a variable
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- value is last expression evaluated unless explicit return
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- blocks may be nested
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- specification [ arguments | | localvars | expressions ]
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- Squeak does not currently support localvars in blocks
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- max of three arguments allowed
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- `^`expression terminates block & method (exits all nested blocks)
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- blocks intended for long term storage should not contain `^`
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```
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| x y z |
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@@ -241,18 +241,18 @@ Transcript show: (x value: 'First' value: 'Second'); cr. "use block with argu
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"x := [ | z | z := 1.]. *** localvars not available in squeak blocks"
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```
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## Method calls:
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- unary methods are messages with no arguments
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- binary methods
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- keyword methods are messages with selectors including colons standard categories/protocols: - initialize-release (methods called for new instance)
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- accessing (get/set methods)
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- testing (boolean tests - is)
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- comparing (boolean tests with parameter
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- displaying (gui related methods)
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- printing (methods for printing)
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- updating (receive notification of changes)
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- private (methods private to class)
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- instance-creation (class methods for creating instance)
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## Method calls:
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- unary methods are messages with no arguments
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- binary methods
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- keyword methods are messages with selectors including colons standard categories/protocols: - initialize-release (methods called for new instance)
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- accessing (get/set methods)
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- testing (boolean tests - is)
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- comparing (boolean tests with parameter
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- displaying (gui related methods)
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- printing (methods for printing)
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- updating (receive notification of changes)
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- private (methods private to class)
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- instance-creation (class methods for creating instance)
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```
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| x |
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x := 2 sqrt. "unary message"
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@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ switch at: $C put: [Transcript show: 'Case C'; cr].
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result := (switch at: $B) value.
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```
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## Iteration statements:
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## Iteration statements:
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```
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| x y |
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x := 4. y := 1.
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@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ x timesRepeat: [y := y * 2]. "times repear loop (
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#(5 4 3) do: [:a | x := x + a]. "iterate over array elements"
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```
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## Character:
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## Character:
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```
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| x y |
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x := $A. "character assignment"
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@@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ y := x asSet. "convert to set coll
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```
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## Set: like Bag except duplicates not allowed
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## IdentitySet: uses identity test (== rather than =)
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## IdentitySet: uses identity test (== rather than =)
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```
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| b x y sum max |
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x := Set with: 4 with: 3 with: 2 with: 1. "create collection with up to 4 elements"
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@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ y := x asBag. "convert to bag coll
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y := x asSet. "convert to set collection"
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```
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##Associations:
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##Associations:
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```
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| x y |
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x := #myVar->'hello'.
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