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[Fortran/zh-cn] Simplified Chinese Translation for Fortran 95
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---
language: Fortran
filename: learnfortran-cn.f95
contributors:
- ["Robert Steed", "https://github.com/robochat"]
translators:
- ["Corvusnest", "https://github.com/Corvusnest"]
lang: zh-cn
---
Fortran IBM开发于1950年用于数值运算Fortran "Formula
Translation"
Fortran 77, Fortran 90,
Fortran 95, Fortran 2003, Fortran 2008 Fortran 2015
Fortran 95 广
Fortran 77
```fortran
!
program example ! example
!
! 使
!
! ===================
!
implicit none ! (!)
! Implicit none //
! - Fortran
real z
REAL Z2
real :: v,x ! : !
real :: a = 3, b=2E12, c = 0.01
integer :: i, j, k=1, m
real, parameter :: PI = 3.1415926535897931 !
logical :: y = .TRUE. , n = .FALSE. !
complex :: w = (0,1) !sqrt(-1) (: -1)
character (len=3) :: month !3
real :: array(6) !6
real, dimension(4) :: arrayb !
integer :: arrayc(-10:10) !
real :: array2d(3,2) !
! '::' 使
! :
real, pointer :: p !
integer, parameter :: LP = selected_real_kind(20)
real (kind = LP) :: d !
! save
!
!
! =======
character :: a_char = 'i'
character (len = 6) :: a_str = "qwerty"
character (len = 30) :: str_b
character (len = *), parameter :: a_long_str = "This is a long string."
!使 (len=*)
str_b = a_str // " keyboard" ! //
!
! =======================
Z = 1 ! z ().
j = 10 + 2 - 3
a = 11.54 / (2.3 * 3.1)
b = 2**3 !
!
! ===================================
! if
if (z == a) b = 4 !
if (z /= a) then !z a
! < > <= >= == /=
b = 4
else if (z .GT. a) then !z (Greater) a
! : .LT. .GT. .LE. .GE. .EQ. .NE.
b = 6
else if (z < a) then !'then'
b = 5 !
else
b = 10
end if ! 'if' ( 'endif').
if (.NOT. (x < c .AND. v >= a .OR. z == z)) then !
inner: if (.TRUE.) then ! if
b = 1
endif inner ! endif .
endif
i = 20
select case (i)
case (0) ! i == 0
j=0
case (1:10) ! i 1 10 ( 1 <= i <= 10 )
j=1
case (11:) ! i>=11
j=2
case default
j=3
end select
month = 'jan'
!
! Select
monthly: select case (month)
case ("jan")
j = 0
case default
j = -1
end select monthly
do i=2,10,2 !210(210)2
innerloop: do j=1,3 !
exit !
end do innerloop
cycle !
enddo
! Goto 使
goto 10
stop 1 ! ().
10 j = 201 ! 10 line 10
!
! ======
array = (/1,2,3,4,5,6/)
array = [1,2,3,4,5,6] !使 Fortran 2003 .
arrayb = [10.2,3e3,0.41,4e-5]
array2d = reshape([1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0,6.0], [3,2])
! Fortran 1
! ()
v = array(1) !
v = array2d(2,2)
print *, array(3:5) !35
print *, array2d(1,:) !2
array = array*3 + 2 !
array = array*array !() (element-wise)
!array = array*array2d !
!
c = dot_product(array,array) ! ()
! matmul() .
c = sum(array)
c = maxval(array)
print *, minloc(array)
c = size(array)
print *, shape(array)
m = count(array > 0)
! (使 Product() ).
v = 1
do i = 1, size(array)
v = v*array(i)
end do
!
array = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
where (array > 3)
array = array + 1
elsewhere (array == 2)
array = 1
elsewhere
array = 0
end where
! DO循环可以很方便地创建数组
array = [ (i, i = 1,6) ] ! [1,2,3,4,5,6]
array = [ (i, i = 1,12,2) ] ! [1,3,5,7,9,11]
array = [ (i**2, i = 1,6) ] ! [1,4,9,16,25,36]
array = [ (4,5, i = 1,3) ] ! [4,5,4,5,4,5]
! /
! ============
print *, b ! 'b'
!
print "(I6)", 320 ! ' 320'
print "(I6.4)", 3 ! ' 0003'
print "(F6.3)", 4.32 ! ' 4.320'
!
! I (), F (), E (),
! L (/), A () ...
print "(I3)", 3200 ! '***'
!
print "(I5,F6.2,E6.2)", 120, 43.41, 43.41
print "(3I5)", 10, 20, 30 !3 ( = 5).
print "(2(I5,F6.2))", 120, 43.42, 340, 65.3 !
!
read *, v
read "(2F6.2)", v, x !2
!
open(unit=11, file="records.txt", status="old")
! 'unit', 9-99
! 'status' {'old','replace','new'}
read(unit=11, fmt="(3F10.2)") a, b, c
close(11)
!
open(unit=12, file="records.txt", status="replace")
write(12, "(F10.2,F10.2,F10.2)") c, b, a
close(12)
! Fortran
!
! ==================
! Fortran 200 /
!
call cpu_time(v) !
k = ior(i,j) !2
v = log10(x) !10log运算
i = floor(b) !x ()
v = aimag(w) !
!
! =======================
! (side-effects)
! (: /)
call routine(a,c,v) !
!
!
m = func(3,2,k) !
!
Print *, func2(3,2,k)
!
m = func3(3,2,k)
contains ! (sub-programs)
! Fortran
integer function func(a,b,c) !
implicit none ! (implicit none)
integer :: a,b,c !
if (a >= 2) then
func = a + b + c !
return !
endif
func = a + c
!
end function func
function func2(a,b,c) result(f) ! 'f'
implicit none
integer, intent(in) :: a,b !
integer, intent(inout) :: c
integer :: f !
integer :: cnt = 0 ! -
f = a + b - c
c = 4 !
cnt = cnt + 1 !
end function func2
pure function func3(a,b,c) !
implicit none
integer, intent(in) :: a,b,c
integer :: func3
func3 = a*b*c
end function func3
subroutine routine(d,e,f)
implicit none
real, intent(inout) :: f
real, intent(in) :: d,e
f = 2*d + 3*e + f
end subroutine routine
end program example ! -----------------------
! 使()
! 使 'contains'
elemental real function func4(a) result(res)
! (elemental function) 使
!
real, intent(in) :: a
res = a**2 + 1.0
end function func4
!
! =======
!
module fruit
real :: apple
real :: pear
real :: orange
end module fruit
module fruity
! :
! ()
use fruit, only: apple, pear ! 使 fruit apple pear
implicit none !
private !使(private)( public)
! /
public :: apple,mycar,create_mycar
! /()(: private)
private :: func4
!
! ==========
! /
! / 'contains'
interface
elemental real function func4(a) result(res)
real, intent(in) :: a
end function func4
end interface
!
interface myabs
! 使 'module procedure'
module procedure real_abs, complex_abs
end interface
!
! ==================
!
type car
character (len=100) :: model
real :: weight !( kg)
real :: dimensions(3) !: ()
character :: colour
end type car
type(car) :: mycar !
! create_mycar()
! :
contains
subroutine create_mycar(mycar)
! 使
implicit none
type(car),intent(out) :: mycar
! '%' 访()
mycar%model = "Ford Prefect"
mycar%colour = 'r'
mycar%weight = 1400
mycar%dimensions(1) = 5.0 ! 1 !
mycar%dimensions(2) = 3.0
mycar%dimensions(3) = 1.5
end subroutine
real function real_abs(x)
real :: x
if (x<0) then
real_abs = -x
else
real_abs = x
end if
end function real_abs
real function complex_abs(z)
complex :: z
! '&'
complex_abs = sqrt(real(z)**2 + &
aimag(z)**2)
end function complex_abs
end module fruity
```
###
Fortran :
+ [wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran)
+ [Fortran_95_language_features](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran_95_language_features)
+ [fortranwiki.org](http://fortranwiki.org)
+ [www.fortran90.org/](http://www.fortran90.org)
+ [list of Fortran 95 tutorials](http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Fortran/FAQs%2C_Help%2C_and_Tutorials/Fortran_90_and_95/)
+ [Fortran wikibook](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fortran)
+ [Fortran resources](http://www.fortranplus.co.uk/resources/fortran_resources.pdf)
+ [Mistakes in Fortran 90 Programs That Might Surprise You](http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~szymansk/OOF90/bugs.html)