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Taken from KeelyNet BBS (214) 324-3501
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October 30, 1993
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PHASCONJ.ASC
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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This file shared with KeelyNet courtesy of Rick Andersen.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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ALL ABOUT "PHASE CONJUGATION"
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October 18, 1993 by Rick Andersen
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Anyone who has read enough about Scalar Electromagnetics,
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as described in Tom Bearden's books and papers, has noticed that
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since the late 1980's he has been emphasizing the importance of
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that mysterious phenomenon known as Phase Conjugation, or Time-
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Reversal of waves. The old adage that, "The more you know, the
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more you realize you DON'T know", has proved true for me, time
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and again-- which means that I was trying hard to understand
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what Bearden was saying but realized I needed to know more about
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the subject. So I did some research on Phase Conjugation and
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found that, lo and behold, Tom wasn't dreaming this up-- you can
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find out all about it in any science encyclopedia under "Light",
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and I even found that my Radio Shack book on Lasers had a small
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section on it. So I decided to put the information into this
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file for the benefit of other interested researchers who would
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like the scoop on the subject.
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------------------------------------------------------------------
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The following description is borrowed in part from Radio Shack's
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LASER book, and in part gleaned from various science encyclopedias,
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with comments regarding Bearden's works on the subject.
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------------------------------------------------------------------
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We start out with a narrow, point-like light source-- a laser--
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which produces a tight beam which stays tight (minimum diverging
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of the rays) for great distances. But we know that, as narrow
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as our coherent laser beam is (in contrast to, say, a flashlight
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beam), it still DIVERGES perceptibly over distance (or over TIME,
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if we want to look at it that way, since distance is how far
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something travels over TIME).
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Now suppose we want to reflect our beam off a mirror directly
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facing the laser itself-- so that the beam is reflected exactly
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back at the laser. Will we "re-capture" all of our tight beam?
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No, because the beam is still diverging in (positive) time, even
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after we've changed its direction of travel by reflecting it.
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There is an instrument designed to reflect such a laser beam back
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on itself: a Retroreflector.
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Page 1
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A Retroreflector is a double-mirror arrangement that sends light
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rays back in the direction that they came from-- that is, back
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to their point of origin. But, being mirrors, although they reflect
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and change the DIRECTION of the ever-DIVERGING wavefront, the beam
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itself continues to diverge nonetheless, spreading out over time.
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Would it ever be possible to reflect the beam in such a way that
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all that diverging energy would CONVERGE again, somewhat like a
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reversal of ENTROPY? Or like a reversed-TIME beam?
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PHASE CONJUGATION
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PHASE CONJUGATION is an operation that can be performed on light
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waves, so that they reflect back, like a Retroreflector, but with
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some unusual properties. It generates what is called a "conjugate"
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of an incoming light wave. Viewed on an X-Y graph, the conjugate
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of a positive angle, say, 45 degrees, is found by reversing the
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SIGN of the angle: i.e., -45 degrees. Thus the positive angle in
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the first quadrant of the X-Y graph moves down into the 4th quadrant.
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(Remember the plastic Protractor you used in high school math?
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It had the first 2 quadrants, spanning 0 to 180 degrees.)
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Notice that if we increase an angle from 0 to 45 degrees, we open
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up the angle in a counterclockwise direction on the graph. Start-
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ing at 0 and opening an angle to -45, the CONJUGATE angle, moves
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the angle arrow in the OPPOSITE DIRECTION, clockwise.
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The phase conjugate wave is essentially a reversed version of the
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original wave-- the wave is at the same phase and shape, travel-
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ling in the same path as the incoming wave, but in exactly the
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opposite direction. The phase difference between any two points
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of the reversed wave has a sign opposite to that of the phase
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difference between the same points on the original wave.
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If the incoming light all came from a small laser spot, the phase-
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conjugate wave will return to that same spot.
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That may sound exactly like retroreflection. However, it is
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actually a TIME-REVERSED version of the original wave, reconstruc-
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ting the light's phase and amplitude. Because of the way the
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phase-conjugate wave recreates the original wave, it automatically
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compensates for things that happened to the laser beam om its trip
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from the laser out into the distance.
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Light diverging out from a source may experience distortions;
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the phase conjugate wave experiences the same distortions, but
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in the opposite direction, as if it is going backwards in time.
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Thus the spread-out light in the phase conjugate beam re-CONVERGES
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in focus on the light source.
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Physicists involved in nonlinear optics call this the "Distortion
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Correction Theorem". It is actually Time-Reversal, as is pointed
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out by several writers.
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HISTORY OF THE PHENOMENON
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American scientists first learned about phase conjugation in the
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early 1970's. Researchers at the P. N. Lebedev Physical Insti-
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Page 2
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tute, Moscow, U.S.S.R., led by Boris Ya Zel'dovich, had discovered
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an intriguing phenomenon in 1972:
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The scientists distorted an intense beam of red light from a
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pulsed ruby laser by directing it through a frosted glass pane.
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The distorted light was then sent down a long tube filled with
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methane gas under high pressure. Interactions occurred between
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the beam and the molecules of the gas (stimulated Brillouin
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scattering) and, acting as a mirror, the gas reflected the beam
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backward. When the reflected light passed back through the same
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piece of frosted glass, a nearly perfect, undistorted optical
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beam emerged.
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The backward-traveling wave is, in essence, a time-reversed
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replica of the original incident wave.
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To explain by way of analogy, we might compare the retracing of
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light waves back through the distorting media as "running a
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movie backward". As described by Shkunov and Zel'dovich:
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"The relation between the wave fronts of two mutually reversed
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waves is analogous to the relation between the positions of
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two opposing armies on a military map. The front line of each
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army coincides with that of the other, and the directions of
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desirable movement are opposite. One can say that the front
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lines are mutually reversed: a convex part of one's army front
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corresponds to a concave part of the other."
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Tom Bearden maintains that this Time Reversed wave carries with it
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all the magical properties one would expect of energy that is flow-
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ing BACKWARD IN TIME...
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HOW DO WE MAKE A PHASE CONJUGATE MIRROR?
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We need a NONLINEAR MEDIUM, that is, one in which waves do not
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simply linearly superpose (co-exist as if the other were not there),
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but MODULATE one another, which implies multiplication of amplitudes
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as well as the possible generation of harmonic frequencies.
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In optics this has been done by beaming high-powered laser light
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through certain gases (Bearden mentions IONIZED gas), possibly
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under pressure, as explained above. Other examples of nonlinear
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materials are semiconductors, crystals, liquids, plasmas (ionized
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gases), liquid crystals, aerosols (as in the atmosphere), and
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atomic vapors. The term NONLINEAR medium here means a medium
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that is altered or affected by light. Linear materials are not
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affected, under usual conditions.
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The two techniques most used in the generation of phase-conjugate
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waves are "Stimulated Brillouin Scattering" and "Degenerative
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4-Wave Mixing" (the latter also mentioned by Bearden). Both rely
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on the laser's ability to interact with the nonlinear optical
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properties of a specific medium. When a material-- gas, liquid,
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or solid-- is penetrated by light of intensity great enough to
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compete with the atomic forces that bind the material together,
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the material is modified, as is also the light penetrating it.
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This nonlinear interaction generates the SBS or DFWM time-reversed
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waves.
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Page 3
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In SBS (Stimulated Brillouin Scattering), the modified material
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generates SOUND waves that serve as an appropriate reflective
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surface to produce the time-reversed waves. (Traditionally, the
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frequency of scattered light has been regarded as identical to
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that of the incident light. As is often the case, this is not
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true in actuality. As first predicted by Brillouin in 1914,
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a slight line broadening occurs due to motion of the scatterers
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--Doppler effect-- and also due to variations in the directions
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or magnitudes of their polarizability tensors [due to chemical
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reactions]. The Brillouin effect, simply stated, is as follows:
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Upon the scattering of monochromatic radiation (light of one
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color or electromagnetic waves of one frequency), a DOUBLET is
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produced, in which the frequency of each of the two lines diff-
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ers from the frequency of the original line by the same amount,
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one having a higher frequency, and the other having a lower
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frequency.
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(Radio technicians will recognize a description of a CARRIER wave
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surrounded by an upper and lower SIDEBAND here... Is there a
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hidden secret here as to how we might generate a phase-conjugate
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wave using conventional radio transmission techniques??)
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In Degenerative 4-Wave Mixing, which Bearden describes in his
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books, the interaction uses a holographic process in a nonlinear
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material to generate the conjugate waves. As Bearden describes
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it, two "pump" waves are beamed at one another through the non-
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linear medium. The pump waves "lock" or modulate one another,
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producing Bearden's "Scalar Stress Wave". Next, a 3rd, weaker
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beam is input into the system (at a 90 degree angle to the pump
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waves, if I understand him correctly), and this setup generates
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the Phase Conjugate wave which backtracks down the path taken by
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the 3rd wave, but at a greater intensity or amplitude than the
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weak, "tickler" 3rd wave. Bearden cites the literature in saying
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that up to ALL the energy inputted to the system via the two
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"pump" waves can be transferred into the phase conjugate output
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wave-- and so a powerful, time-reversed wave can be produced from
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a relatively weak "tickler" input. Of course, power still has
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to be put in at the pump waves-- but, says Bearden, what if we
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use the powerful and limitless Scalar Stresses of the fiery core
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of the Earth itself-- stimulated via Tesla-type resonance-- as
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our pump waves? Then it would appear that we can input a tiny
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input wave and extract enormous Phase Conjugate energy out!
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But back to our description.
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While our scientists have been exploring the phenomena and tech-
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niques for producing phase conjugated waves in the OPTICAL freq-
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uencies, Tom Bearden asserts that the Soviets (and perhaps the
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Germans before them, during WW2) have developed the technology at
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MICROWAVE and RADAR frequencies. Here the effect is probably
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generated by means of certain solid (not gaseous) materials
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and/or crystalline substances (Bearden refers to them as RAM--
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Radar Absorbent Materials.) Think on this a while and you'll see
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the tremendous potential for Star-Wars-type directed energy beam
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weapons...
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Bearden also points out that the equations imply that Phase Conj-
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Page 4
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ugation is a general phenomenon, occurring in all types of waves,
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not just electromagnetic. Even sound waves, which are Longitudinal
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or Compression/Rarefaction waves in the density of air molecules,
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can be and evidently have been phase conjugated to produced "acou-
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stic missiles" which CONVERGE on their targets and blast them with
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the full energy that they had when they were first generated.
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On the stranger end of the spectrum, we have the possibility for
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Time-Reversal effects on the local area and/or in biological
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systems (like people). Bearden forsees a time when electromag-
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netic healing will be used on a large scale, in which future
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physicians will irradiate the patient with time-reversed EM
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"disease signatures" or patterns; the reversal transforms them
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into HEALING patterns in the same way that our laser beam was
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distortion-corrected by sending its phase conjugate pattern back
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down the distortion path. Perhaps even AGING may be reversed in
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this way... or the flow of Time itself...
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This may be the beginning of the Engineering of Reality itself!
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----------------------- End of File -----------------------------
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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If you have comments or other information relating to such topics as this
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paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the Vangard Sciences
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address as listed on the first page.
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Thank you for your consideration, interest and support.
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Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson
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Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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If we can be of service, you may contact
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Jerry at (214) 324-8741 or Ron at (214) 242-9346
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--------------------------------------------------------------------
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