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67 lines
3.7 KiB
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ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßÛßßßßßÛÛÜ ÜÜßßßßÜÜÜÜ ÜÛÜ ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÛßß ßÛÛ
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ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛ ÜÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜ ßÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÜÜÜÛÛÝ Ûß
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ßßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÞÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßßÛÜÞÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÞß
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Mo.iMP ÜÛÛÜ ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ßÛß
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ß ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ÜÛ
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ÜÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÜÜ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÛÛÞÛÛÛÛÛÝ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ÜÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÜÛÛÛÛÜÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ÞÛ ßÛÛÛÛÛ Ü ÛÝÛÛÛÛÛ Ü
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ÜÛ ÞÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ ßÛÜ ßÛÛÛÜÜ ÜÜÛÛÛß ÞÛ ÞÛÛÛÝ ÜÜÛÛ
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ÛÛ ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßÛÜ ßßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛß ÜÜÜß ÛÛÛÛÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÛÛÛÛÛß
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ßÛÜ ÜÛÛÛß ßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÜ ßßÜÜ ßßÜÛÛßß ßÛÛÜ ßßßÛßÛÛÛÛÛÛÛßß
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ßßßßß ßßÛÛß ßßßßß ßßßßßßßßßßßßß
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ARRoGANT CoURiERS WiTH ESSaYS
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Grade Level: Type of Work Subject/Topic is on:
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[ ]6-8 [ ]Class Notes [Essay on Malcolm X ]
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[x]9-10 [ ]Cliff Notes [ ]
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[ ]11-12 [x]Essay/Report [ ]
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[ ]College [ ]Misc [ ]
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Dizzed: 12/94 # of Words:353 School: ? State: ?
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ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>Chop Here>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
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Malcolm X
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Malcolm X, b. May 19, 1925, d. Feb. 21, 1965, was an influential
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American advocate of BLACK NATIONALISM, and--as a pioneer in articulating a
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vigorous self-defense against white violence--a precursor of the black
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power movement of the late 1960s. Born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Neb., he
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became a rebellious youth after the death (1931) of his father, who the
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family believed was murdered for advocating the ideas of Marcus GARVEY.
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Malcolm spent a few years in a foster home but became an excellent student
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and was voted class president. Nevertheless, at the age of 16, he moved
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east with relatives and drifted to New York City, where he became involved
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in Harlem's underworld of drugs, prostitution, and confidence games.
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In prison for burglary from 1946 to 1952, he read widely and was
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converted to the teachings of Elijah MUHAMMAD. On his release, he embraced
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the BLACK MUSLIM movement and changed his name to Malcolm X. Following his
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initial training, Malcolm became the leading spokesman for the Black
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Muslims to the outside world.
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An ideological split developed between Malcolm and the more
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conservative Elijah Muhammad, and in 1963 Malcolm was suspended as a
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minister of the Black Muslims. After a pilgrimage to Mecca, he announced
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(1964) that he had become an orthodox Muslim and founded the rival
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Organization for Afro-American Unity. His travel in the Middle East and
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Africa gave him a more optimistic view regarding potential brotherhood
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between black and white Americans; he no longer preached racial separation,
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but rather a socialist revolution.
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His career ended abruptly when he was shot and killed in New York City
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on Feb. 21, 1965, by assassins thought to be connected with the Black
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Muslims. The AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MALCOLM X (dictated to Alex Haley, 1965)
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publicized Malcolm's ideas and became something of a classic in
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contemporary American literature.
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Bibliography
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Breitman, George. The Last Year of Malcolm X (1967).
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Clarke, John H. ed., Malcolm X (1969).
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Goldman, Peter. The Death and Life of Malcolm X (1973).
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Malcolm X, Malcolm X: The Last Speeches, ed. by Bruce Perry (1989).
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Wolfenstein, E. V., The Victims of Democracy (1981).
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