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# Getting Started
## Use the Current Stable Version (5.4)
If you are just getting started with PHP make sure to start with the current stable release of [PHP 5.4][php-release]. PHP has made great strides adding powerful [new features](#language_highlights) over the last few years. Don't let the minor version number difference between 5.2 and 5.4 fool you, it represents _major_ improvements.
## Built-in web server
You can start learning PHP without the hassle of installing and configuring a full-fledged web server (PHP 5.4 required). To start the server, run the following from your terminal in your project's web root:
> php -S localhost:8000
* [Learn about the built-in, command line web server][cli-server]
[php-release]: http://www.php.net/downloads.php
[cli-server]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.webserver.php
## Mac Setup
OS X comes prepackaged with PHP. As of Mountain Lion, it is _not_ the current stable version of PHP, though. You can get the PHP executable through a number of Mac [package managers][mac-package-managers] or [compile it yourself][mac-compile] (if compiling, be sure to have Xcode installed, or Apple's substitute ["Command Line Tools for Xcode" downloadable from Apple's Mac Developer Center][apple-developer]). For a complete Apache, MySQL, and PHP installation check out [MAMP2][mamp-downloads].
[mac-package-managers]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/install.macosx.packages.php
[mac-compile]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/install.macosx.compile.php
[xcode-gcc-substitution]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/osx-gcc-installer
[apple-developer]: https://developer.apple.com/downloads
[mamp-downloads]: http://www.mamp.info/en/downloads/index.html
## Windows Setup
You can install PHP on windows from an install executable found on the official [PHP Downloads][php-downloads] page. For a complete Apache, MySQL, and PHP installation check out [WAMP][wamp-installer].
* [Read more about the official PHP Windows Installer][windows-installer]
[php-downloads]: http://www.php.net/downloads.php
[windows-installer]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/install.windows.installer.msi.php
[wamp-installer]: http://www.wampserver.com/
[Back to Top](#top){.top}

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# Language Highlights
## Programming Paradigms
PHP is a flexible, dynamic language that supports a variety of programming techniques. It has evolved dramatically over the years, notably adding a solid object-oriented model in PHP 5.0 (2004), anonymous functions and namespaces in PHP 5.3 (2009), and traits in PHP 5.4 (2012).
### Object-oriented Programming
* [Read about Object-oriented PHP][oop]
* [Read about Traits][traits]
### Functional Programming
* [Read about Anonymous functions][anonymous-functions]
* [Read about dynamically invoking functions with `call_user_func_array`][call-user-func-array]
### Meta Programming
* [Read about Magic Methods][magic-methods]
* [Read about Reflection][reflection]
## Namespaces
As mentioned above, the PHP community has a lot of developers creating lots of code. This means that one library's PHP code may use the same class name as another library. When both libraries are used in the same namespace, they collide and cause trouble.
_Namespaces_ solve this problem. As described in the PHP reference manual, namespaces may be compared to operating system directories that _namespace_ files; two files with the same name may co-exist in separate directories. Likewise, two PHP classes with the same name may co-exist in separate PHP namespaces. It's as simple as that.
It is important for you to namespace your code so that it may be used by other developers without fear of colliding with other libraries.
One recommended way to use namespaces is outlined in [PSR-0](psr0), which aims to provide a standard file, class and namespace convention to allow plug-and-play code.
* [Read about Namespaces][namespaces]
* [Read about PSR-0][psr0]
## Standard PHP Library
The Standard PHP Library (SPL) is packaged with PHP and provides a collection of classes and interfaces. It is made up primarily of commonly needed datastructure classes (stack, queue, heap, and so on), and iterators which can traverse over these datastructures or your own classes which implement SPL interfaces.
* [Read about the SPL][spl]
## Command Line Interface
PHP was created primarily to write web applications, but it's also useful for scripting command line interface (CLI) programs, too. Command line PHP programs can help you automate common tasks like testing, deployment, and application administrativia.
CLI PHP programs are powerful because you can use your app's code directly without having to create and secure a web GUI for it. Just be sure not to put your CLI PHP scripts in your public web root!
Try running PHP from your command line:
{% highlight bash %}
> php -i
{% endhighlight %}
The `-i` option will print your PHP configuration just like the [`phpinfo`][phpinfo] function. There are a number of other useful [command line options][cli-options], too.
Let's write a simple "Hello, $name" CLI program. To try it out, create a file named `hello.php`, as below.
{% highlight php %}
<?php
if($argc != 2) {
die("Usage: php hello.php [name].\n");
}
$name = $argv[1];
echo "Hello, $name\n";
{% endhighlight %}
PHP sets up two special variables based on the arguments your script is run with. [`$argc`][argc] is an integer variable containing the argument *count* and [`$argv`][argv] is an array variable containing each argument's *value*. The first argument is always the name of your PHP script file, in this case `hello.php`.
To run our script, above, from the command line:
{% highlight bash %}
> php hello.php
Usage: php hello.php [name]
> php hello.php world
Hello, world
{% endhighlight %}
* [Learn about running PHP from the command line][php-cli]
* [Learn about setting up Windows to run PHP from the command line][php-cli-windows]
[Back to Top](#top){.top}
[namespaces]: http://php.net/manual/en/language.namespaces.php
[psr0]: https://github.com/php-fig/fig-standards/blob/master/accepted/PSR-0.md
[oop]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.php
[spl]: http://php.net/manual/en/book.spl.php
[anonymous-functions]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.anonymous.php
[magic-methods]: http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php
[reflection]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/intro.reflection.php
[traits]: http://www.php.net/traits
[call-user-func-array]: http://php.net/manual/en/function.call-user-func-array.php
[phpinfo]: http://php.net/manual/en/function.phpinfo.php
[cli-options]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.options.php
[argc]: http://php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.argc.php
[argv]: http://php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.argv.php
[php-cli]: http://php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.php
[php-cli-windows]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/install.windows.commandline.php

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# Security
## Web Application Security
There are bad people ready and willing to exploit your web application. It is important that you
take necessary precautions to harden your web application's security. Luckily, the fine folks at [The Open Web Application Security Project][1] (OWASP) have compiled a comprehensive list of known security issues and methods to protect yourself against them. This is a must read for the security-conscious developer.
* [Read the OWASP Security Guide][2]
[1]: https://www.owasp.org/
[2]: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Guide_Table_of_Contents
## Password Hashing with Bcrypt
Eventually everyone builds a PHP application that relies on user login. Usernames and (hashed) passwords are stored in a database and later used to authenticate users upon login.
It is important that you properly _hash_ passwords that are stored in a database. If passwords are not hashed, and your database is hacked or accessed by an unauthorized third-party, all user accounts are now compromised.
**Hash passwords with Bcrypt**. It's super simple, and (for all intents and purposes) Bcrypt makes it impossible for someone to reverse-engineer the plain-text version of a password should the database be compromised.
There are several Bcrypt libraries for PHP that you may use.
* [Read "How to Safely Store a Password" by Coda Hale][3]
* [Use Bcrypt with PHPAss][4] (odd name, I know)
[3]: http://codahale.com/how-to-safely-store-a-password/
[4]: http://www.openwall.com/phpass/
## Input Filtering and Sanitizing
Never ever (ever) trust foreign input introduced to your PHP code. That leads to dark and dangerous places. Instead, always filter foreign input before you use it in your code.
PHP provides the `filter_var` and `filter_input` functions to help you do this. These two functions can sanitize text, verify formats (e.g. email addresses), and escape characters.
For example, if you accept code from an HTML form, you'll want to use `filter_input` before inserting the input into a database or inserting the input into an HTML response.
* [Learn about `filter_var`][5]
* [Learn about `filter_input`][6]
[5]: http://php.net/manual/en/function.filter-var.php
[6]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.filter-input.php
[Back to Top](#top){.top}

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[Back to Top](#top){.top}
[1]: https://github.com/codeguy/php-the-right-way/tree/gh-pages
[2]: http://www.phptherightway.com/banners.html
[2]: /banners.html

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<nav class="site-navigation">
<div class="build-date">Last Updated: {{ site.time }}</div>
<ul>
<li><a href="#site-header">Welcome</a></li>
<li><a href="#getting_started">Getting Started</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#use_the_current_stable_version_54">Use the Current Stable Version (5.4)</a></li>
<li><a href="#builtin_web_server">Built-in Web Server</a></li>
<li><a href="#mac_setup">Mac Setup</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows_setup">Windows Setup</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#code_style_guide">Code Style Guide</a></li>
<li><a href="#language_highlights">Language Highlights</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#programming_paradigms">Programming Paradigms</a></li>
<li><a href="#namespaces">Namespaces</a></li>
<li><a href="#standard_php_library">Standard PHP Library</a></li>
<li><a href="#command_line_interface">Command Line Interface</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#dependency_management">Dependency Management</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#composer_and_packagist">Composer and Packagist</a></li>
<li><a href="#pear">Pear</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#databases_and_pdo">Databases and PDO</a></li>
<li><a href="#security">Security</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#web_application_security">Web Application Security</a></li>
<li><a href="#password_hashing_with_bcrypt">Password Hashing with Bcrypt</a></li>
<li><a href="#input_filtering_and_sanitizing">Input Filtering and Sanitizing</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li>
<li><a href="#servers_and_deployment">Servers and Deployment</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#platform_as_a_service_paas">Platform as a Service (PaaS)</a></li>
<li><a href="#virtual_or_dedicated_servers">Virtual or Dedicated Servers</a></li>
<li><a href="#shared_servers">Shared Servers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#libraries_and_frameworks">Libraries and Frameworks</a></li>
<li><a href="#resources">Resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/#site-header">Welcome</a></li>
{% assign lastIsChild = false %}
{% for post in site.posts reversed %}
{% if post.isChild and lastIsChild != true %}<ul>{% endif %}
{% if lastIsChild and post.isChild != true %}</ul>{% endif %}
<li><a href="#{{ post.title | downcase | replace:' ','_' | replace:'(','' | replace:')','' | replace:'.','' | replace:'-','' }}">{{ post.title }}</a>
{% assign lastIsChild = post.isChild %}
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</nav>
<div class="site-content">

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# Getting Started

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---
title: Use the Current Stable Version (5.4)
isChild: true
---
## Use the Current Stable Version (5.4)
If you are just getting started with PHP make sure to start with the current stable release of [PHP 5.4][php-release]. PHP has made great strides adding powerful [new features](#language_highlights) over the last few years. Don't let the minor version number difference between 5.2 and 5.4 fool you, it represents _major_ improvements.
[php-release]: http://www.php.net/downloads.php

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---
title: Built-in Web Server
isChild: true
---
## Built-in web server
You can start learning PHP without the hassle of installing and configuring a full-fledged web server (PHP 5.4 required). To start the server, run the following from your terminal in your project's web root:
> php -S localhost:8000
* [Learn about the built-in, command line web server][cli-server]
[cli-server]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.webserver.php

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---
isChild: true
---
## Mac Setup
OS X comes prepackaged with PHP. As of Mountain Lion, it is _not_ the current stable version of PHP, though.
You can get the PHP executable through a number of Mac [package managers][mac-package-managers] or [compile it yourself][mac-compile] (if compiling, be sure to have Xcode installed, or Apple's substitute ["Command Line Tools for Xcode" downloadable from Apple's Mac Developer Center][apple-developer]).
For a complete LAMP package with GUI try [MAMP2][mamp-downloads], otherwise consider [Entropy 5.4 package][entropy-downloads].
[mac-package-managers]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/install.macosx.packages.php
[mac-compile]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/install.macosx.compile.php
[xcode-gcc-substitution]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/osx-gcc-installer
[apple-developer]: https://developer.apple.com/downloads
[mamp-downloads]: http://www.mamp.info/en/downloads/index.html
[entropy-downloads]: http://php-osx.liip.ch/

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---
isChild: true
---
## Windows Setup
You can install PHP on windows from an install executable found on the official [PHP Downloads][php-downloads] page. For a complete Apache, MySQL, and PHP installation check out [WAMP][wamp-installer].
* [Read more about the official PHP Windows Installer][windows-installer]
[php-downloads]: http://www.php.net/downloads.php
[windows-installer]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/install.windows.installer.msi.php
[wamp-installer]: http://www.wampserver.com/

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# Language Highlights

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---
isChild: true
---
## Programming Paradigms
PHP is a flexible, dynamic language that supports a variety of programming techniques. It has evolved dramatically over the years, notably adding a solid object-oriented model in PHP 5.0 (2004), anonymous functions and namespaces in PHP 5.3 (2009), and traits in PHP 5.4 (2012).
### Object-oriented Programming
* [Read about Object-oriented PHP][oop]
* [Read about Traits][traits]
### Functional Programming
* [Read about Anonymous functions][anonymous-functions]
* [Read about dynamically invoking functions with `call_user_func_array`][call-user-func-array]
### Meta Programming
* [Read about Magic Methods][magic-methods]
* [Read about Reflection][reflection]
[namespaces]: http://php.net/manual/en/language.namespaces.php
[oop]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.php
[anonymous-functions]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.anonymous.php
[magic-methods]: http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php
[reflection]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/intro.reflection.php
[traits]: http://www.php.net/traits
[call-user-func-array]: http://php.net/manual/en/function.call-user-func-array.php

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---
isChild: true
---
## Namespaces
As mentioned above, the PHP community has a lot of developers creating lots of code. This means that one library's PHP code may use the same class name as another library. When both libraries are used in the same namespace, they collide and cause trouble.
_Namespaces_ solve this problem. As described in the PHP reference manual, namespaces may be compared to operating system directories that _namespace_ files; two files with the same name may co-exist in separate directories. Likewise, two PHP classes with the same name may co-exist in separate PHP namespaces. It's as simple as that.
It is important for you to namespace your code so that it may be used by other developers without fear of colliding with other libraries.
One recommended way to use namespaces is outlined in [PSR-0](psr0), which aims to provide a standard file, class and namespace convention to allow plug-and-play code.
* [Read about Namespaces][namespaces]
* [Read about PSR-0][psr0]
[namespaces]: http://php.net/manual/en/language.namespaces.php
[psr0]: https://github.com/php-fig/fig-standards/blob/master/accepted/PSR-0.md

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---
title: Standard PHP Library
isChild: true
---
## Standard PHP Library
The Standard PHP Library (SPL) is packaged with PHP and provides a collection of classes and interfaces. It is made up primarily of commonly needed datastructure classes (stack, queue, heap, and so on), and iterators which can traverse over these datastructures or your own classes which implement SPL interfaces.
* [Read about the SPL][spl]
[spl]: http://php.net/manual/en/book.spl.php

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---
isChild: true
---
## Command Line Interface
PHP was created primarily to write web applications, but it's also useful for scripting command line interface (CLI) programs, too. Command line PHP programs can help you automate common tasks like testing, deployment, and application administrativia.
CLI PHP programs are powerful because you can use your app's code directly without having to create and secure a web GUI for it. Just be sure not to put your CLI PHP scripts in your public web root!
Try running PHP from your command line:
{% highlight bash %}
> php -i
{% endhighlight %}
The `-i` option will print your PHP configuration just like the [`phpinfo`][phpinfo] function. There are a number of other useful [command line options][cli-options], too.
Let's write a simple "Hello, $name" CLI program. To try it out, create a file named `hello.php`, as below.
{% highlight php %}
<?php
if($argc != 2) {
die("Usage: php hello.php [name].\n");
}
$name = $argv[1];
echo "Hello, $name\n";
{% endhighlight %}
PHP sets up two special variables based on the arguments your script is run with. [`$argc`][argc] is an integer variable containing the argument *count* and [`$argv`][argv] is an array variable containing each argument's *value*. The first argument is always the name of your PHP script file, in this case `hello.php`.
To run our script, above, from the command line:
{% highlight bash %}
> php hello.php
Usage: php hello.php [name]
> php hello.php world
Hello, world
{% endhighlight %}
* [Learn about running PHP from the command line][php-cli]
* [Learn about setting up Windows to run PHP from the command line][php-cli-windows]
[phpinfo]: http://php.net/manual/en/function.phpinfo.php
[cli-options]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.options.php
[argc]: http://php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.argc.php
[argv]: http://php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.argv.php
[php-cli]: http://php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.php
[php-cli-windows]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/install.windows.commandline.php

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# Dependency Management
There are a ton of PHP libraries, frameworks, and components to choose from. Your project will likely use several of them — these are project dependencies. Until recently, PHP did not have a good way to manage these project dependencies. Even if you managed them manually, you still had to worry about autoloaders. No more.

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# Dependency Management
There are a ton of PHP libraries, frameworks, and components to choose from. Your project will likely use several of them — these are project dependencies. Until recently, PHP did not have a good way to manage these project dependencies. Even if you managed them manually, you still had to worry about autoloaders. No more.
---
isChild: true
---
## Composer and Packagist
@@ -62,16 +62,8 @@ require 'vendor/autoload.php';
Now you can use your project dependencies, and they'll be autoloaded on demand.
## PEAR
Another veteran package manager that many PHP developers enjoy is [PEAR][3]. It behaves much the same way, and is also worth researching for your projects.
* [Learn about Composer][4]
* [Learn about PEAR][3]
[Back to Top](#top){.top}
* [Learn about Composer][3]
[1]: http://packagist.org/
[2]: http://twig.sensiolabs.org
[3]: http://pear.php.net/
[4]: http://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md
[3]: http://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md

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---
isChild: true
---
## PEAR
Another veteran package manager that many PHP developers enjoy is [PEAR][1]. It behaves much the same way, and is also worth researching for your projects. [Learn about PEAR][1].
[1]: http://pear.php.net/

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* [ZF2 Db][4]
* [ZF1 Db][3]
[Back to Top](#top){.top}
[1]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/book.pdo.php
[2]: http://www.doctrine-project.org/projects/dbal.html
[3]: http://framework.zend.com/manual/en/zend.db.html

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# Security

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---
isChild: true
---
## Web Application Security
There are bad people ready and willing to exploit your web application. It is important that you
take necessary precautions to harden your web application's security. Luckily, the fine folks at [The Open Web Application Security Project][1] (OWASP) have compiled a comprehensive list of known security issues and methods to protect yourself against them. This is a must read for the security-conscious developer.
* [Read the OWASP Security Guide][2]
[1]: https://www.owasp.org/
[2]: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Guide_Table_of_Contents

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---
isChild: true
---
## Password Hashing with Bcrypt
Eventually everyone builds a PHP application that relies on user login. Usernames and (hashed) passwords are stored in a database and later used to authenticate users upon login.
It is important that you properly _hash_ passwords that are stored in a database. If passwords are not hashed, and your database is hacked or accessed by an unauthorized third-party, all user accounts are now compromised.
**Hash passwords with Bcrypt**. It's super simple, and (for all intents and purposes) Bcrypt makes it impossible for someone to reverse-engineer the plain-text version of a password should the database be compromised.
There are several Bcrypt libraries for PHP that you may use.
* [Read "How to Safely Store a Password" by Coda Hale][3]
* [Use Bcrypt with PHPAss][4] (odd name, I know)
[3]: http://codahale.com/how-to-safely-store-a-password/
[4]: http://www.openwall.com/phpass/

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---
isChild: true
---
## Input Filtering and Sanitizing
Never ever (ever) trust foreign input introduced to your PHP code. That leads to dark and dangerous places. Instead, always filter foreign input before you use it in your code.
PHP provides the `filter_var` and `filter_input` functions to help you do this. These two functions can sanitize text, verify formats (e.g. email addresses), and escape characters.
For example, if you accept code from an HTML form, you'll want to use `filter_input` before inserting the input into a database or inserting the input into an HTML response.
* [Learn about `filter_var`][5]
* [Learn about `filter_input`][6]
[5]: http://php.net/manual/en/function.filter-var.php
[6]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.filter-input.php

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* [PHPUnit](http://phpunit.de)
* [Behat](http://behat.org)
* [Selenium](http://seleniumhq.org/)
[Back to Top](#top){.top}

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# Servers and Deployment
PHP applications can be deployed and run on production web servers in a number of ways.

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---
title: Platform as a Service (PaaS)
isChild: true
---
## Platform as a Service (PaaS)
In recent years cloud platforms have become popular ways of deploying, hosting, and scaling PHP applications. These can be a great if you're learning PHP and don't have experience or interest in server admin work, too. You can find a list of [PHP PaaS "Platform as a Service" providers](#php_paas_providers) in our [resources section](#resources).

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# Servers and Deployment
PHP applications can be deployed and run on production web servers in a number of ways.
## Platform as a Service (PaaS)
In recent years cloud platforms have become popular ways of deploying, hosting, and scaling PHP applications. These can be a great if you're learning PHP and don't have experience or interest in server admin work, too. You can find a list of [PHP PaaS "Platform as a Service" providers](#php_paas_providers) in our [resources section](#resources).
---
isChild: true
---
## Virtual or Dedicated Servers
@@ -21,9 +17,3 @@ PHP, via PHP's built-in FastCGI Process Manager (FPM), pairs really nicely with
### Apache and PHP
PHP and Apache have a long history together. Apache is wildly configurable and allows sites to control their configurations dynamically, via `.htaccess` files, on a per-directory basis. This has made it a popular choice for shared servers and an easy setup for PHP frameworks and open source apps like WordPress. Unfortunately, Apache uses more resources than nginx and cannot handle as many visitors at the same time. If you are on your own virtual/dedicated server and do not need the configurability of Apache, choose nginx and PHP-FPM.
## Shared Servers
PHP has shared servers to thank for its popularity. It is hard to find a host without PHP installed, but be sure it's the latest version. Shared servers allow you and other developers to deploy websites to a single machine. The upside to this is that it has become a cheap commodity. The downside is that you never know what kind of a ruckus your neighboring tenants are going to create; loading down the server or opening up security holes are the main concerns. If your project's budget can afford to avoid shared servers you should.
[Back to Top](#top){.top}

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isChild: true
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## Shared Servers
PHP has shared servers to thank for its popularity. It is hard to find a host without PHP installed, but be sure it's the latest version. Shared servers allow you and other developers to deploy websites to a single machine. The upside to this is that it has become a cheap commodity. The downside is that you never know what kind of a ruckus your neighboring tenants are going to create; loading down the server or opening up security holes are the main concerns. If your project's budget can afford to avoid shared servers you should.

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* [Fat-Free](http://bcosca.github.com/fatfree/)
* [Limonade](http://limonade-php.github.com/)
* [MicroMVC](http://micromvc.com/)
* [Silex](http://silex.sensiolabs.org/)
* [Slim](http://www.slimframework.com/)

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* [dotCloud](http://docs.dotcloud.com/services/php/)
* [AWS Elastic Beanstalk](http://aws.amazon.com/elasticbeanstalk/)
* [cloudControl](https://www.cloudcontrol.com/)
[Back to Top](#top){.top}
* [Windows Azure](http://www.windowsazure.com/)

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{% capture welcome_content %}{% include welcome.md %}{% endcapture %}
{{ welcome_content|markdownify }}
{% capture getting_started_content %}{% include getting-started.md %}{% endcapture %}
{{ getting_started_content|markdownify }}
{% capture codestyleguide_content %}{% include code-style-guide.md %}{% endcapture %}
{{ codestyleguide_content|markdownify }}
{% capture highlights_content %}{% include language-highlights.md %}{% endcapture %}
{{ highlights_content|markdownify }}
{% capture dependencies_content %}{% include dependency-management.md %}{% endcapture %}
{{ dependencies_content|markdownify }}
{% capture databases_content %}{% include databases.md %}{% endcapture %}
{{ databases_content|markdownify }}
{% capture security_content %}{% include security.md %}{% endcapture %}
{{ security_content|markdownify }}
{% capture testing_content %}{% include testing.md %}{% endcapture %}
{{ testing_content|markdownify }}
{% capture servers_and_deployment_content %}{% include servers-and-deployment.md %}{% endcapture %}
{{ servers_and_deployment_content|markdownify }}
{% capture frameworks_content %}{% include libraries-and-frameworks.md %}{% endcapture %}
{{ frameworks_content|markdownify }}
{% capture resources_content %}{% include resources.md %}{% endcapture %}
{{ resources_content|markdownify }}
{% capture backtotop %}[Back to Top](#top){.top}{% endcapture %}
{% for post in site.posts reversed %}
{% if post.isChild != true and loop.first != true %}
{{ backtotop|markdownify }}
{% endif %}
{{ post.content }}
{% endfor %}
{{ backtotop|markdownify }}