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<title>Arithmetic</title>
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<h1>Arithmetic</h1>
<h3 class="subtitle">Doing math like a pro</h3>
<div class="grid-code"><div class="doc"></div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">&lt;?php
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Now that we know how to create variables, let's look at doing some math.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$a = 1;
$b = 2;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">To add two values, use the plus symbol.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$c = $a + $b;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">To subtract, use the minus symbol.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$c = $b - $a;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">To multiply two values, use an asterisk.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">echo $a * $b;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">To divide values, use a forward slash.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">echo $b / $a;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">PHP uses the percent symbol for calculating the modulus of two numbers. The modulus is calculated by dividing two numbers and returning the remainder of the result. So, in this example, the value of $modulo will be 0.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$modulo = 10 % 5;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">You can also use double asterisks to calculate a number to the power of another number. The following statement will print 25.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">echo 5 ** 2;
</code></pre></div></div>
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Arrays</title>
<meta name="description" content="">
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<h1>Arrays</h1>
<h3 class="subtitle">Time to make a list</h3>
<div class="grid-code"><div class="doc"></div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">&lt;?php
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">There are two ways to create an array. First, you can use the array construct to pass in values separated by commas and it will return an array.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$taskList = array('grocery store', 'change car oil');
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Second, you can surround the list in square brackets. This style is the most common and recommended form of creating an array.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$groceryList = ['bread', 'milk', 'eggs'];
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">PHP will automatically assign index keys for each value in an array starting with 0. So, to access a value in an array you will pass the key number into brackets after the variable name.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">echo $groceryList[0] . &quot;\n&quot;;
echo $groceryList[1] . &quot;\n&quot;;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">You can also assign keys in an array using numbers or strings. It is very common to create an array with string keys. The pattern is called an associative array or a map.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$car = ['make' =&gt; 'Toyota', 'model' =&gt; 'Camry'];
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">To access the value in an associative array, just use the string key in brackets after the variable name.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">echo $car['model'] . &quot;\n&quot;;
</code></pre></div></div>
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<li><a href="/variables.html">Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="/arithmetic.html">Arithmetic</a></li>
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<li><a href="/arrays.html">Arrays</a></li>
<li><a href="/functions.html">Functions</a></li>
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Basics</title>
<meta name="description" content="Let us get started with the basics.">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/site.css">
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<h1>Basics</h1>
<h3 class="subtitle">Getting started</h3>
<div class="grid-code"><div class="doc"></div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">&lt;?php
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">In the tradition of our ancestors, let's start with a hello world program. All PHP files must start with a &lt;?php tag unless it is for a html template. (We will learn about html templates later.)</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">echo &quot;Hello World!\n&quot;;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">There is a lot going on in this statement so let's work through it.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">First, the echo keyword tells PHP to output some text.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">echo 'I am some text';
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Second, PHP stores text in strings.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">To write a string, you surround letters with single or double quotes. The difference between single quoted strings and double quoted strings is that double quoted strings can hold special characters like \n which tells PHP to start a new line.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">'I am a string';
&quot;\nI am a string on a new line&quot;;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Third, all lines of code in PHP must end in a semi-colon.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">echo &quot;No semi-colon is a no-no\n&quot;;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Using semi-colons means we can write multiple statements on one line.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">echo 'Hello'; echo &quot; World\n&quot;;
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<li><a href="/basics.html">Basics</a></li>
<li><a href="/variables.html">Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="/arithmetic.html">Arithmetic</a></li>
<li><a href="/comparisons.html">Comparisons</a></li>
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<li><a href="/conditionals.html">Conditionals</a></li>
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<li><a href="/functions.html">Functions</a></li>
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<head>
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<title>Boolean Logic</title>
<meta name="description" content="">
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<h1>Boolean Logic</h1>
<h3 class="subtitle">Is it a yes or a no?</h3>
<div class="grid-code"><div class="doc"></div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">&lt;?php
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Boolean logic is used to combine booleans to return another boolean.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Using double ampersands tells PHP to check if both values are true. If so, it will return true. If not, it will return false.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$a = true;
$b = true;
$c = false;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Returns true.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$a &amp;&amp; $b;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Returns false.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$a &amp;&amp; $c;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Using two pipe characters checks if either value is true. Then, it will return true. If both values are false, the PHP returns false.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$a = true;
$b = false;
$c = false;
$d = true;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Returns true.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$a || $b;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Returns false.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$b || $c;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Returns true.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$a || $d;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Using an exclamation point returns the value flipped.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$d = true;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Outputs false.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">echo !$d;
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<li><a href="/variables.html">Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="/arithmetic.html">Arithmetic</a></li>
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<li><a href="/arrays.html">Arrays</a></li>
<li><a href="/functions.html">Functions</a></li>
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Classes</title>
<meta name="description" content="">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/site.css">
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<h1>Classes</h1>
<h3 class="subtitle">Object-oriented programming</h3>
<div class="grid-code"><div class="doc"></div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">&lt;?php
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Classes allow you to define your own data types. All classes start with the class keyword followed by the name of the class and opening and closing curly braces.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">class Car
{
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">To create an instance of a class, you use the &quot;new&quot; keyword in front of the class name with parentheses.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$car = new Car();
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">A class can define attributes and methods. An attribute is a piece of data stored on the class instance. You can define an attribute by adding the word &quot;public&quot; and a variable name inside the class definition.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">class Bicycle
{
public $color;
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Then, when you create an instance of the class, you can set and use the color attribute on the bicycle using &quot;-&gt;&quot;.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$bike = new Bicycle();
$bike-&gt;color = 'Blue';
echo $bike-&gt;color . &quot;\n&quot;;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">A method is a function attached to the class. You can add a method to a class by using the &quot;public&quot; keyword followed by the function. A method can access the attributes and methods of the instance using the &quot;$this&quot; variable.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">class Tricycle
{
public $color;
public function echoColor()
{
echo $this-&gt;color . &quot;\n&quot;;
}
}
$bike = new Tricycle();
$bike-&gt;color = 'Red';
$bike-&gt;echoColor();
</code></pre></div></div>
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<li><a href="/basics.html">Basics</a></li>
<li><a href="/variables.html">Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="/arithmetic.html">Arithmetic</a></li>
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<h1>Comparisons</h1>
<h3 class="subtitle">Equality checking</h3>
<div class="grid-code"><div class="doc"></div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">&lt;?php
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">A boolean is a value that is always 0 or 1, yes or no, on or off. In PHP, a boolean is represented by the words true and false. While programming, you will often want to know if something is true or false.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$a = true;
$b = false;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">There are many constructs and functions that will return a boolean. To start, let's look at comparisons.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$one = 1;
$two = 2;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Double equals checks if two values are equal. This statement will return false.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$one == $two;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">An exclamation point and equal sign check if two values are not equal. This statement will return true.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$one != $two;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">You can use greater than and less than symbols to check for comparisons too. This statement will return false.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$one > $two;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">This statement will return true.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$one < $two;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">If you combine a greater than or less than symbol with an equal, it will check if the value is greater or less than or equal to another value.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$one &lt;= $two;
$one &gt;= $two;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">You can also check that two values are equal and of the same type by using three equal signs.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">This returns true.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">1 == '1';
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">This returns false.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">1 === '1';
</code></pre></div></div>
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<li><a href="/variables.html">Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="/arithmetic.html">Arithmetic</a></li>
<li><a href="/comparisons.html">Comparisons</a></li>
<li><a href="/boolean-logic.html">Boolean Logic</a></li>
<li><a href="/conditionals.html">Conditionals</a></li>
<li><a href="/loops.html">Loops</a></li>
<li><a href="/arrays.html">Arrays</a></li>
<li><a href="/functions.html">Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="/classes.html">Classes</a></li>
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<h1>Conditionals</h1>
<h3 class="subtitle">Checking the if before the what</h3>
<div class="grid-code"><div class="doc"></div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">&lt;?php
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">When writing code, there will be times when you need to perform actions only under certain circumstances. There are several ways to control execution in PHP. We will start with an if statement.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$animal = 'cow';
if ($animal == 'cow') {
echo &quot;Moooooo.....\n&quot;;
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">All conditionals check to see if a statement evaluates to true or false. In the case above, since $animal equals 'cow', the statement returns true and the contents of the if statement are executed.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">An if statement can have multiple conditions chained together. If the first if statement returns false, then PHP will check each elseif. If none of the checks return true, then the else block will be executed.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$animal = 'bird';
if ($animal == 'dog') {
echo &quot;Woof! 🐶\n&quot;;
} elseif ($animal == 'cat') {
echo &quot;Meow!? 🐱\n&quot;;
} elseif ($animal == 'bird') {
echo &quot;Chirp! 🐦\n&quot;;
} else {
echo &quot;I am not a dog, cat or bird\n&quot;;
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">An alternative to the if statement is the switch. A switch statement has multiple cases to check if the value in parentheses equals something. In this statement, since $food equals 'apples', the switch will echo &quot;Eating an apple&quot;. The default case will be run if no other case evaluates to true, like an else statement.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$food = 'apples';
switch ($food) {
case 'apples':
echo &quot;Eating an apple\n&quot;;
break;
case 'oranges':
echo &quot;Eating an orange\n&quot;;
break;
case 'peaches':
echo &quot;Eating a peach\n&quot;;
break;
default:
echo &quot;No food, I am hungry\n&quot;;
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Breaks are a special keyword that tell PHP to stop execution once a case passes. If you do not use a break, PHP will continue to execute all following cases. In this switch, both &quot;Drinking water&quot; and &quot;Drinking tea&quot; will be executed since there is no break in the 'water' case.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$drink = 'water';
switch ($drink) {
case 'water':
echo &quot;Drinking water\n&quot;;
case 'tea':
echo &quot;Drinking tea\n&quot;;
break;
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">PHP also supports single line conditionals called a ternary. In a ternary, the condition is followed by a question mark before the value that should be returned if the condition is true and then another colon and a value to return if the condition is false.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$language = 'english';
echo $language == 'spanish' ? &quot;hola\n&quot; : &quot;hello\n&quot;;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Lastly, there is another form of a ternary that checks if a value is set and then returns the value to the right of two question marks if value is null.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">echo $IDoNotExist ?? &quot;Variable not set\n&quot;;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">You can also chain multiple checks in a row.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$IExist = &quot;Variable exists\n&quot;;
echo $IDoNotExist ?? $IExist ?? &quot;Neither variable is set\n&quot;;
</code></pre></div></div>
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<li><a href="/variables.html">Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="/arithmetic.html">Arithmetic</a></li>
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<li><a href="/arrays.html">Arrays</a></li>
<li><a href="/functions.html">Functions</a></li>
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>PHP Apprentice - Credits</title>
<meta name="description" content="A site for learning how to use PHP">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/site.css">
<link rel="icon" href="/favicon-32.png">
<script src="/js/site.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container center">
<div class="grid-toc">
<div>
<h1>Credits</h1>
<p>
PHP Apprentice was inspired by
<a href="https://gobyexample.com/">Go By Example</a> and by <a href="https://elixirschool.com/">Elixir School</a>. Both sites offer excellent, quality documentation in Go and Elixir and I want PHP Apprentice to provide the same
experience for the PHP programming language.
</p>
<p>
Source Links:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://secure.php.net/" target="_blank">php.net</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.phptherightway.com/" target="_blank">PHP The Right Way</a></li>
</ul>
</p>
<p>
PHP Apprentice was built using several open source projects.
Thank you to each of these maintainers for providing great libraries!
<ul>
<li><a href="https://prismjs.com/" target="_blank">Prism.js</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.zondicons.com/" target="_blank">Zondicons by Steve Schoger</a></li>
<li><a href="https://postcss.org/" target="_blank">PostCSS</a></li>
<li><a href="https://symfony.com/doc/current/components/console.html" target="_blank">Symfony CLI</a></li>
<li><a href="https://symfony.com/doc/current/frontend.html" target="_blank">Symfony Encore</a></li>
</ul>
</p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="table-of-contents">
<h4>Table of Contents</h4>
<a href="/index.html">Preface</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="/basics.html">Basics</a></li>
<li><a href="/variables.html">Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="/arithmetic.html">Arithmetic</a></li>
<li><a href="/comparisons.html">Comparisons</a></li>
<li><a href="/boolean-logic.html">Boolean Logic</a></li>
<li><a href="/conditionals.html">Conditionals</a></li>
<li><a href="/loops.html">Loops</a></li>
<li><a href="/arrays.html">Arrays</a></li>
<li><a href="/functions.html">Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="/classes.html">Classes</a></li>
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<a href="/credits.html">Credits</a>
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/*
Solarized Color Schemes originally by Ethan Schoonover
http://ethanschoonover.com/solarized
Ported for PrismJS by Hector Matos
Website: https://krakendev.io
Twitter Handle: https://twitter.com/allonsykraken)
*/
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base01 #586e75
base00 #657b83
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base3 #fdf6e3
yellow #b58900
orange #cb4b16
red #dc322f
magenta #d33682
violet #6c71c4
blue #268bd2
cyan #2aa198
green #859900
*/
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font-family: Consolas, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'Ubuntu Mono', monospace;
text-align: left;
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word-break: normal;
word-wrap: normal;
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-o-tab-size: 4;
tab-size: 4;
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color: #2AA198; /* #4078f2 */
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line-height: 1.5;
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button .icon {
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button .icon svg {
fill: #2AA198;
}
button:hover .icon svg {
fill: #1D6E68;
}
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background-color: #2AA198;
color: #FFF;
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}
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color: #FFF;
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margin: 1em 0;
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grid-column-end: 3;
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<head>
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<title>Functions</title>
<meta name="description" content="">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/site.css">
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<div class="container center">
<h1>Functions</h1>
<h3 class="subtitle">Reusable code</h3>
<div class="grid-code"><div class="doc"></div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">&lt;?php
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">A function allows you to store code under a name and then execute that code later.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">A function always starts with the function keyword followed by the name with parentheses and then opening and closing curly braces around the code.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">function hello_world() {
echo &quot;hello world\n&quot;;
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">To call the function, use the function name with parentheses.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">hello_world();
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">You can set up values to be passed into a function. To do so, write variables in between the function parentheses. Each one should be separated by a comma.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">function greet($firstname, $lastname) {
echo "hello $firstname $lastname\n";
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Then, you can pass in values when calling a function. In the greet function, 'John' is assigned to $firstname and 'Smith' is assigned to $lastname.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">greet('John', 'Smith');
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">You can also return a value from a function. You can only return a single value from a function.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">function capitalize($value) {
return strtoupper($value);
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">When calling a function, it will output the return value which you can load into a variable.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$animal = capitalize('dog');
echo "$animal\n";
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">You can also create nameless functions called closures. Closures can be stored in variables or passed into other functions.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$sum = function ($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
};
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">You can execute a closure by putting parentheses after the variable.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">echo $sum(1, 2) . &quot;\n&quot;;
</code></pre></div></div>
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<h1 class="home-title">PHP Apprentice <em>(beta)</em></h1>
<h3 class="home-subtitle">A site for learning how to use PHP</h3>
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<p>
The goal of PHP Apprentice is to be an easy to understand resource for learning how to write good code in the PHP programming language. There are a lot of PHP tutorials on the internet that use outdated libraries, insecure programming practices or inefficient code. I want this site to show how to write PHP code with quality.
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<p>
The site currently has content for learning the basics of PHP. In the future, more pages will be added for more advanced topics like building websites, database integration and security.
</p>
<p>
PHP Apprentice is currently a work in progress (hence "beta" is included in the title). If you would like to contribute or request a certain discussion topic, checkout the <a href="https://github.com/restoreddev/phpapprentice" target="_blank">GitHub repository</a>.
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To get started, you will need to install PHP 7.1, have a text editor and open your terminal.
Each example in PHP Apprentice can by typed into a PHP file and executed in the terminal.
Let's get started! 😃
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<h1>Loops</h1>
<h3 class="subtitle">Increase your repetitions</h3>
<div class="grid-code"><div class="doc"></div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">&lt;?php
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">A loop tells PHP to run a block of code more than once. A classic loop is a while loop. A &quot;while&quot; loop will continue to run the block of code as long as the value in parentheses is true.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$num = 5;
while ($num > 0) {
echo "While loop $num\n";
--$num;
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">A &quot;do while&quot; loop is similar to a &quot;while&quot; loop except it always runs at least one iteration. In a classic &quot;while&quot; loop, no iterations may be executed if the value in parentheses is false. In a &quot;do while&quot;, the boolean check is not done until after the execution of an iteration.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$num = 0;
do {
echo "Do while $num\n";
++$num;
} while ($num < 5);
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">&quot;for&quot; loops allow you to create a more concise while loop. Inside the parentheses, the left section creates a variable before the loop starts, the middle section is the check that is done at the beginning of each loop and the third section is executed after each loop.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
echo "For loop $i\n";
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">A &quot;foreach&quot; loop allows you to easily loop over an array. An array is a list of data stored together. The &quot;as&quot; keyword lets you assign a variable to the value in the array for the current iteration of the loop.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$set = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
foreach ($set as $num) {
echo "Array value $num\n";
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">In loops, you can use the keyword &quot;break&quot; to stop the loop execution no matter how many more iterations should run.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$values = ['one', 'two', 'three'];
foreach ($values as $value) {
if ($value === 'two') {
break;
}
echo "Break $value\n";
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">The &quot;continue&quot; keyword stops executing the current loop iteration, but then allows the loop to continue with other iterations.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$values = ['one', 'skip', 'three'];
foreach ($values as $value) {
if ($value === 'skip') {
continue;
}
echo "Continue $value\n";
}
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<h1>Variables</h1>
<h3 class="subtitle">The building blocks of PHP</h3>
<div class="grid-code"><div class="doc"></div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">&lt;?php
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">The variable is the basic building block of any programming language. In PHP, all variables start with a dollar sign.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$greeting;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">To set data in a variable, you put an equals sign after it and some data.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$greeting = 'Hello World!';
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Once you create a variable, you can use it again in other commands and functions.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">echo $greeting;
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">After the dollar sign, a PHP variable must have an alphabetic character or underscore. Also, variables are case sensitive.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$_var = 'I am a variable with an underscore!';
$Var = 'I am a variable with a capital letter!';
$var = 'I am a new variable';
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Variables can hold many different types of data, but there are four simple ones you can try now. An int is a number without a decimal place. A float is a number with a decimal place. A boolean can be two values: true or false. Last, there is a string, a collection of characters.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$int = 1;
$float = 100.10;
$bool = true;
$string = 'I am a string';
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">In other programming languages, you have to write what type of data the variable will contain. PHP keeps it simple by allowing you to put any type of data in a variable, including already used variables.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$number = 1;
$number = 'one';
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