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<title>Functions</title>
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<h1>Functions</h1>
<h3 class="subtitle">Reusable code</h3>
<div class="grid-code"><div class="doc"></div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">&lt;?php
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">A function allows you to store code under a name and then execute that code later.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">A function always starts with the function keyword followed by the name with parentheses and then opening and closing curly braces around the code.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">function hello_world() {
echo &quot;hello world\n&quot;;
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">To call the function, use the function name with parentheses.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">hello_world();
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">You can set up values to be passed into a function. To do so, write variables in between the function parentheses. Each one should be separated by a comma.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">function greet($firstname, $lastname) {
echo "hello $firstname $lastname\n";
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">Then, you can pass in values when calling a function. In the greet function, 'John' is assigned to $firstname and 'Smith' is assigned to $lastname.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">greet('John', 'Smith');
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">You can also return a value from a function. You can only return a single value from a function.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">function capitalize($value) {
return strtoupper($value);
}
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">When calling a function, it will output the return value which you can load into a variable.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$animal = capitalize('dog');
echo "$animal\n";
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">You can also create nameless functions called closures. Closures can be stored in variables or passed into other functions.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">$sum = function ($a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
};
</code></pre></div><div class="doc">You can execute a closure by putting parentheses after the variable.</div><div class="code"><pre><code class="language-php">echo $sum(1, 2) . &quot;\n&quot;;
</code></pre></div></div>
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<h4>Table of Contents</h4>
<a href="/index.html">Preface</a>
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<li><a href="/basics.html">Basics</a></li>
<li><a href="/variables.html">Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="/arithmetic.html">Arithmetic</a></li>
<li><a href="/comparisons.html">Comparisons</a></li>
<li><a href="/boolean-logic.html">Boolean Logic</a></li>
<li><a href="/conditionals.html">Conditionals</a></li>
<li><a href="/loops.html">Loops</a></li>
<li><a href="/arrays.html">Arrays</a></li>
<li><a href="/functions.html">Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="/classes.html">Classes</a></li>
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<a href="/credits.html">Credits</a>
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