diff --git a/genius/GNUmakefile b/genius/GNUmakefile
index 53046ae8..ced672cb 100644
--- a/genius/GNUmakefile
+++ b/genius/GNUmakefile
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ objects := obj/hiro.o
 objects += obj/genius.o
 objects += $(if $(call streq,$(platform),windows),obj/resource.o)
 
-all: $(objects)
-	$(strip $(compiler) -o out/$(name) $(objects) $(link) $(hirolink))
+default: information $(objects)
+	$(info Linking out/$(name) ...)
+	+@$(strip $(compiler) -o out/$(name) $(objects) $(link) $(hirolink))
 ifeq ($(platform),macos)
 	rm -rf out/$(name).app
 	mkdir -p out/$(name).app/Contents/MacOS/
@@ -21,13 +22,16 @@ ifeq ($(platform),macos)
 endif
 
 obj/hiro.o: ../hiro/hiro.cpp
-	$(compiler) $(hiroflags) -o obj/hiro.o -c ../hiro/hiro.cpp
+	$(info Compiling $< ...)
+	@$(compiler) $(hiroflags) -o obj/hiro.o -c ../hiro/hiro.cpp
 
 obj/genius.o: genius.cpp genius.hpp
-	$(compiler) $(cppflags) $(flags) -o obj/genius.o -c genius.cpp
+	$(info Compiling $< ...)
+	@$(compiler) $(cppflags) $(flags) -o obj/genius.o -c genius.cpp
 
-obj/resource.o:
-	$(windres) data/$(name).rc obj/resource.o
+obj/resource.o: data/$(name).rc
+	$(info Compiling $< ...)
+	@$(windres) data/$(name).rc obj/resource.o
 
 clean:
 ifeq ($(platform),macos)
diff --git a/higan/GNUmakefile b/higan/GNUmakefile
index 801b62ff..6bc45eda 100644
--- a/higan/GNUmakefile
+++ b/higan/GNUmakefile
@@ -38,16 +38,15 @@ endif
 compile = \
   $(strip \
     $(if $(filter %.c,$<), \
-      $(compiler) $(cflags) $(flags) $1 -c $< -o $@ -MMD -MP -MF $(@:.o=.d), \
-      $(if $(filter %.cpp,$<), \
-        $(compiler) $(cppflags) $(flags) $1 -c $< -o $@ -MMD -MP -MF $(@:.o=.d) \
-      ) \
-    ) \
+      $(compiler) $(cflags)   $(flags) $1 -c $< -o $@ -MMD -MP -MF $(@:.o=.d), \
+    $(if $(filter %.cpp,$<), \
+      $(compiler) $(cppflags) $(flags) $1 -c $< -o $@ -MMD -MP -MF $(@:.o=.d) \
+    )) \
   )
 
-%.o: $<; $(call compile)
-
-all: build;
+%.o: $<
+	$(info Compiling $< ...)
+	@$(call compile)
 
 obj/libco.o: ../libco/libco.c
 obj/emulator.o: emulator/emulator.cpp
diff --git a/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp b/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
index 7b8e1680..5335d2a9 100644
--- a/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
+++ b/higan/emulator/emulator.hpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ using namespace nall;
 
 namespace Emulator {
   static const string Name    = "higan";
-  static const string Version = "106.45";
+  static const string Version = "106.46";
   static const string Author  = "byuu";
   static const string License = "GPLv3";
   static const string Website = "https://byuu.org/";
diff --git a/higan/processor/spc700/spc700.hpp b/higan/processor/spc700/spc700.hpp
index f3a24565..4a5f79ba 100644
--- a/higan/processor/spc700/spc700.hpp
+++ b/higan/processor/spc700/spc700.hpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ namespace Processor {
 struct SPC700 {
   virtual auto idle() -> void = 0;
   virtual auto read(uint16 address) -> uint8 = 0;
-  virtual auto write(uint16 addessr, uint8 data) -> void = 0;
+  virtual auto write(uint16 address, uint8 data) -> void = 0;
   virtual auto synchronizing() const -> bool = 0;
 
   virtual auto readDisassembler(uint16 address) -> uint8 { return 0; }
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/GNUmakefile b/higan/target-bsnes/GNUmakefile
index 964bbcbc..7b525c5b 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/GNUmakefile
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/GNUmakefile
@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@ include sfc/GNUmakefile
 include gb/GNUmakefile
 include processor/GNUmakefile
 
-ui_objects := ui-bsnes ui-program ui-input ui-presentation
-ui_objects += ui-settings ui-tools ui-resource
-ui_objects += ruby hiro
-ui_objects += $(if $(call streq,$(platform),windows),ui-windows)
+objects := ruby hiro $(objects)
+objects += ui-bsnes ui-program ui-input ui-presentation
+objects += ui-settings ui-tools ui-resource
+objects += $(if $(call streq,$(platform),windows),ui-windows)
+objects := $(objects:%=obj/%.o)
 
 # platform
 ifeq ($(platform),windows)
@@ -33,20 +34,19 @@ endif
 include ../ruby/GNUmakefile
 link += $(rubylink)
 
+obj/ruby.o: ../ruby/ruby.cpp $(call rwildcard,../ruby/)
+	$(info Compiling $< ...)
+	@$(compiler) $(rubyflags) -c $< -o $@
+
 # hiro
 include ../hiro/GNUmakefile
 link += $(hirolink)
 
-# rules
-objects := $(ui_objects) $(objects)
-objects := $(objects:%=obj/%.o)
-
-obj/ruby.o: ../ruby/ruby.cpp $(call rwildcard,../ruby/)
-	$(compiler) $(rubyflags) -c $< -o $@
-
 obj/hiro.o: ../hiro/hiro.cpp $(call rwildcard,../hiro/)
-	$(compiler) $(hiroflags) -c $< -o $@
+	$(info Compiling $< ...)
+	@$(compiler) $(hiroflags) -c $< -o $@
 
+# rules
 obj/ui-bsnes.o: $(ui)/bsnes.cpp
 obj/ui-program.o: $(ui)/program/program.cpp
 obj/ui-input.o: $(ui)/input/input.cpp
@@ -55,12 +55,14 @@ obj/ui-settings.o: $(ui)/settings/settings.cpp
 obj/ui-tools.o: $(ui)/tools/tools.cpp
 obj/ui-resource.o: $(ui)/resource/resource.cpp
 
-obj/ui-windows.o:
-	$(windres) $(ui)/resource/bsnes.rc obj/ui-windows.o
+obj/ui-windows.o: $(ui)/resource/bsnes.rc
+	$(info Compiling $< ...)
+	@$(windres) $(ui)/resource/bsnes.rc obj/ui-windows.o
 
 # targets
-build: $(objects)
-	$(strip $(compiler) -o out/$(name) $(objects) $(link))
+default: information $(objects)
+	$(info Linking out/$(name) ...)
+	+@$(strip $(compiler) -o out/$(name) $(objects) $(link))
 ifeq ($(platform),macos)
 	rm -rf out/$(name).app
 	mkdir -p out/$(name).app/Contents/MacOS/
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/input/hotkeys.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/input/hotkeys.cpp
index eb2009c3..397f722c 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/input/hotkeys.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/input/hotkeys.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,13 @@ auto InputManager::bindHotkeys() -> void {
     input->acquired() ? input->release() : input->acquire();
   }));
 
+  hotkeys.append(InputHotkey("Toggle Cheat Codes").onPress([] {
+    toolsWindow->cheatEditor.enableCheats.setChecked(
+      !toolsWindow->cheatEditor.enableCheats.checked()
+    );
+    toolsWindow->cheatEditor.enableCheats.doToggle();
+  }));
+
   hotkeys.append(InputHotkey("Save State").onPress([&] {
     program->saveState({"quick/slot ", stateSlot});
   }));
@@ -28,7 +35,7 @@ auto InputManager::bindHotkeys() -> void {
   }));
 
   hotkeys.append(InputHotkey("Capture Screenshot").onPress([] {
-    presentation->captureScreenshot.doActivate();
+    program->captureScreenshot();
   }));
 
   hotkeys.append(InputHotkey("Fast Forward").onPress([] {
@@ -43,6 +50,10 @@ auto InputManager::bindHotkeys() -> void {
     presentation->pauseEmulation.setChecked(!presentation->pauseEmulation.checked());
   }));
 
+  hotkeys.append(InputHotkey("Frame Advance").onPress([] {
+    presentation->frameAdvance.doActivate();
+  }));
+
   hotkeys.append(InputHotkey("Reset Emulation").onPress([] {
     program->reset();
   }));
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.cpp
index 85806ec1..7e2e4083 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.cpp
@@ -56,28 +56,24 @@ Presentation::Presentation() {
   quit.setIcon(Icon::Action::Quit).setText("Quit").onActivate([&] { program->quit(); });
 
   settingsMenu.setText("Settings");
-  scaleMenu.setIcon(Icon::Emblem::Image).setText("View");
-  smallestScale.setText("Smallest (240p)").onActivate([&] {
-    settings["View/Size"].setValue("Smallest");
-    resizeWindow();
-  });
-  smallScale.setText("Small (480p)").onActivate([&] {
-    settings["View/Size"].setValue("Small");
-    resizeWindow();
-  });
-  mediumScale.setText("Medium (720p)").onActivate([&] {
-    settings["View/Size"].setValue("Medium");
-    resizeWindow();
-  });
-  largeScale.setText("Large (960p)").onActivate([&] {
-    settings["View/Size"].setValue("Large");
-    resizeWindow();
-  });
-  largestScale.setText("Largest (1200p)").onActivate([&] {
-    settings["View/Size"].setValue("Largest");
-    resizeWindow();
-  });
+  sizeMenu.setIcon(Icon::Emblem::Image).setText("Size");
+  updateSizeMenu();
   outputMenu.setIcon(Icon::Emblem::Image).setText("Output");
+  centerViewport.setText("Center").onActivate([&] {
+    settings["View/Output"].setValue("Center");
+    resizeViewport();
+  });
+  scaleViewport.setText("Scale").onActivate([&] {
+    settings["View/Output"].setValue("Scale");
+    resizeViewport();
+  });
+  stretchViewport.setText("Stretch").onActivate([&] {
+    settings["View/Output"].setValue("Stretch");
+    resizeViewport();
+  });
+  if(settings["View/Output"].text() == "Center") centerViewport.setChecked();
+  if(settings["View/Output"].text() == "Scale") scaleViewport.setChecked();
+  if(settings["View/Output"].text() == "Stretch") stretchViewport.setChecked();
   aspectCorrection.setText("Aspect Correction").setChecked(settings["View/AspectCorrection"].boolean()).onToggle([&] {
     settings["View/AspectCorrection"].setValue(aspectCorrection.checked());
     resizeWindow();
@@ -86,16 +82,11 @@ Presentation::Presentation() {
     settings["View/OverscanCropping"].setValue(overscanCropping.checked());
     resizeWindow();
   });
-  integralScaling.setText("Integral Scaling").setChecked(settings["View/IntegralScaling"].boolean()).onToggle([&] {
-    settings["View/IntegralScaling"].setValue(integralScaling.checked());
-    resizeViewport();
-  });
   blurEmulation.setText("Blur Emulation").setChecked(settings["View/BlurEmulation"].boolean()).onToggle([&] {
     settings["View/BlurEmulation"].setValue(blurEmulation.checked());
     emulator->set("Blur Emulation", blurEmulation.checked());
   }).doToggle();
   shaderMenu.setIcon(Icon::Emblem::Image).setText("Shader");
-  updateShaders();
   synchronizeVideo.setText("Synchronize Video").setChecked(settings["Video/Blocking"].boolean()).onToggle([&] {
     settings["Video/Blocking"].setValue(synchronizeVideo.checked());
     program->updateVideoBlocking();
@@ -142,17 +133,20 @@ Presentation::Presentation() {
     program->loadState("quick/undo");
   }));
   speedMenu.setIcon(Icon::Device::Clock).setText("Speed");
-  speedSlowest.setText("Slowest (50%)").setProperty("multiplier", "2.0").onActivate([&] { program->updateAudioFrequency(); });
-  speedSlow.setText("Slow (75%)").setProperty("multiplier", "1.333").onActivate([&] { program->updateAudioFrequency(); });
-  speedNormal.setText("Normal (100%)").setProperty("multiplier", "1.0").onActivate([&] { program->updateAudioFrequency(); });
-  speedFast.setText("Fast (150%)").setProperty("multiplier", "0.667").onActivate([&] { program->updateAudioFrequency(); });
-  speedFastest.setText("Fastest (200%)").setProperty("multiplier", "0.5").onActivate([&] { program->updateAudioFrequency(); });
+  speedSlowest.setText("50% (Slowest)").setProperty("multiplier", "2.0").onActivate([&] { program->updateAudioFrequency(); });
+  speedSlow.setText("75% (Slow)").setProperty("multiplier", "1.333").onActivate([&] { program->updateAudioFrequency(); });
+  speedNormal.setText("100% (Normal)").setProperty("multiplier", "1.0").onActivate([&] { program->updateAudioFrequency(); });
+  speedFast.setText("150% (Fast)").setProperty("multiplier", "0.667").onActivate([&] { program->updateAudioFrequency(); });
+  speedFastest.setText("200% (Fastest)").setProperty("multiplier", "0.5").onActivate([&] { program->updateAudioFrequency(); });
   pauseEmulation.setText("Pause Emulation").onToggle([&] {
     if(pauseEmulation.checked()) audio->clear();
   });
+  frameAdvance.setIcon(Icon::Media::Next).setText("Frame Advance").onActivate([&] {
+    pauseEmulation.setChecked(false);
+    program->frameAdvance = true;
+  });
   captureScreenshot.setIcon(Icon::Emblem::Image).setText("Capture Screenshot").onActivate([&] {
-    if(program->paused()) program->showMessage("The next video frame will be captured");
-    program->captureScreenshot = true;
+    program->captureScreenshot();
   });
   cheatEditor.setIcon(Icon::Edit::Replace).setText("Cheat Editor ...").onActivate([&] { toolsWindow->show(0); });
   stateManager.setIcon(Icon::Application::FileManager).setText("State Manager ...").onActivate([&] { toolsWindow->show(1); });
@@ -265,7 +259,7 @@ auto Presentation::drawIcon(uint32_t* output, uint length, uint width, uint heig
 }
 
 auto Presentation::clearViewport() -> void {
-  if(!video) return;
+  if(!visible() && !video) return;
 
   if(!emulator->loaded()) {
     viewportLayout.setPadding();
@@ -287,8 +281,6 @@ auto Presentation::clearViewport() -> void {
 }
 
 auto Presentation::resizeViewport() -> void {
-  if(!emulator->loaded()) return clearViewport();
-
   uint windowWidth = viewportLayout.geometry().width();
   uint windowHeight = viewportLayout.geometry().height();
 
@@ -296,18 +288,36 @@ auto Presentation::resizeViewport() -> void {
   uint height = (settings["View/OverscanCropping"].boolean() ? 224.0 : 240.0);
   uint viewportWidth, viewportHeight;
 
-  if(settings["View/IntegralScaling"].boolean()) {
+  if(!fullScreen()) {
+    uint widthMultiplier = windowWidth / width;
+    uint heightMultiplier = windowHeight / height;
+    uint multiplier = max(1, min(widthMultiplier, heightMultiplier));
+    settings["View/Multiplier"].setValue(multiplier);
+    for(auto item : sizeGroup.objects<MenuRadioItem>()) {
+      if(auto property = item->property("multiplier")) {
+        if(property.natural() == multiplier) item->setChecked();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(!visible() || !video) return;
+  if(!emulator->loaded()) return clearViewport();
+
+  if(settings["View/Output"].text() == "Center") {
     uint widthMultiplier = windowWidth / width;
     uint heightMultiplier = windowHeight / height;
     uint multiplier = min(widthMultiplier, heightMultiplier);
     viewportWidth = width * multiplier;
     viewportHeight = height * multiplier;
-  } else {
+  } else if(settings["View/Output"].text() == "Scale") {
     double widthMultiplier = (double)windowWidth / width;
     double heightMultiplier = (double)windowHeight / height;
     double multiplier = min(widthMultiplier, heightMultiplier);
     viewportWidth = width * multiplier;
     viewportHeight = height * multiplier;
+  } else if(settings["View/Output"].text() == "Stretch" || 1) {
+    viewportWidth = windowWidth;
+    viewportHeight = windowHeight;
   }
 
   //center viewport within viewportLayout by use of viewportLayout padding
@@ -322,17 +332,17 @@ auto Presentation::resizeViewport() -> void {
 }
 
 auto Presentation::resizeWindow() -> void {
+  if(fullScreen()) return;
+  if(maximized()) setMaximized(false);
+
   uint width = 256 * (settings["View/AspectCorrection"].boolean() ? 8.0 / 7.0 : 1.0);
   uint height = (settings["View/OverscanCropping"].boolean() ? 224.0 : 240.0);
   uint statusHeight = settings["UserInterface/ShowStatusBar"].boolean() ? StatusHeight : 0;
 
-  uint multiplier = 2;
-  if(settings["View/Size"].text() == "Smallest") multiplier = 1;
-  if(settings["View/Size"].text() == "Small"   ) multiplier = 2;
-  if(settings["View/Size"].text() == "Medium"  ) multiplier = 3;
-  if(settings["View/Size"].text() == "Large"   ) multiplier = 4;
-  if(settings["View/Size"].text() == "Largest" ) multiplier = 5;
+  uint multiplier = settings["View/Multiplier"].natural();
+  if(!multiplier) multiplier = 2;
 
+  setMinimumSize({width, height + StatusHeight});
   setSize({width * multiplier, height * multiplier + statusHeight});
   resizeViewport();
 }
@@ -362,8 +372,68 @@ auto Presentation::toggleFullscreenMode() -> void {
   }
 }
 
+//generate a list of size multipliers
+auto Presentation::updateSizeMenu() -> void {
+  assert(sizeMenu.actions() == 0);  //should only be called once
+
+  //determine the largest multiplier that can be used by the largest monitor found
+  uint height = 1;
+  for(uint monitor : range(Monitor::count())) {
+    height = max(height, Monitor::workspace(monitor).height());
+  }
+
+  uint multipliers = max(1, height / 240);
+  for(uint multiplier : range(1, multipliers + 1)) {
+    MenuRadioItem item{&sizeMenu};
+    item.setProperty("multiplier", multiplier);
+    item.setText({multiplier, "x (", 240 * multiplier, "p)"});
+    item.onActivate([=] {
+      settings["View/Multiplier"].setValue(multiplier);
+      resizeWindow();
+    });
+    sizeGroup.append(item);
+  }
+  for(auto item : sizeGroup.objects<MenuRadioItem>()) {
+    if(settings["View/Multiplier"].natural() == item.property("multiplier").natural()) {
+      item.setChecked();
+    }
+  }
+
+  sizeMenu.append(MenuSeparator());
+  sizeMenu.append(MenuItem().setIcon(Icon::Action::Remove).setText("Shrink Window To Size").onActivate([&] {
+    resizeWindow();
+  }));
+  sizeMenu.append(MenuItem().setIcon(Icon::Place::Settings).setText("Center Window").onActivate([&] {
+    setCentered();
+  }));
+}
+
 auto Presentation::updateRecentGames() -> void {
   loadRecentGame.reset();
+
+  //remove missing games from list
+  for(uint index = 0; index < RecentGames;) {
+    auto games = settings[string{"Game/Recent/", 1 + index}].text();
+    bool missing = false;
+    if(games) {
+      for(auto& game : games.split("|")) {
+        if(!inode::exists(game)) missing = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if(missing) {
+      //will read one past the end of Games/Recent[RecentGames] by design:
+      //this will always return an empty string to clear the last item in the list
+      for(uint offset = index; offset < RecentGames; offset++) {
+        settings[string{"Game/Recent/", 1 + offset}].setValue(
+          settings[string{"Game/Recent/", 2 + offset}].text()
+        );
+      }
+    } else {
+      index++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  //update list
   for(auto index : range(RecentGames)) {
     MenuItem item;
     if(auto game = settings[string{"Game/Recent/", 1 + index}].text()) {
@@ -385,6 +455,7 @@ auto Presentation::updateRecentGames() -> void {
     }
     loadRecentGame.append(item);
   }
+
   loadRecentGame.append(MenuSeparator());
   loadRecentGame.append(MenuItem().setIcon(Icon::Edit::Clear).setText("Clear List").onActivate([&] {
     for(auto index : range(RecentGames)) {
@@ -434,7 +505,7 @@ auto Presentation::updateShaders() -> void {
     for(auto shader : directory::folders(location, "*.shader")) {
       if(shaders.objectCount() == 2) shaderMenu.append(MenuSeparator());
       MenuRadioItem item{&shaderMenu};
-      item.setText(string{shader}.trimRight(".shader", 1L)).onActivate([=] {
+      item.setText(string{shader}.trimRight(".shader/", 1L)).onActivate([=] {
         settings["Video/Shader"].setValue({location, shader});
         program->updateVideoShader();
       });
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.hpp b/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.hpp
index 60ae2de6..c13147ae 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.hpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/presentation/presentation.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ struct Presentation : Window {
   auto resizeWindow() -> void;
   auto updateStatus() -> void;
   auto toggleFullscreenMode() -> void;
+  auto updateSizeMenu() -> void;
   auto clearRecentGames() -> void;
   auto updateRecentGames() -> void;
   auto addRecentGame(string location) -> void;
@@ -38,16 +39,16 @@ struct Presentation : Window {
       MenuSeparator quitSeparator{&systemMenu};
       MenuItem quit{&systemMenu};
     Menu settingsMenu{&menuBar};
-      Menu scaleMenu{&settingsMenu};
-        MenuItem smallestScale{&scaleMenu};
-        MenuItem smallScale{&scaleMenu};
-        MenuItem mediumScale{&scaleMenu};
-        MenuItem largeScale{&scaleMenu};
-        MenuItem largestScale{&scaleMenu};
+      Menu sizeMenu{&settingsMenu};
+      Group sizeGroup;
       Menu outputMenu{&settingsMenu};
+        MenuRadioItem centerViewport{&outputMenu};
+        MenuRadioItem scaleViewport{&outputMenu};
+        MenuRadioItem stretchViewport{&outputMenu};
+        Group outputGroup{&centerViewport, &scaleViewport, &stretchViewport};
+        MenuSeparator outputSeparator{&outputMenu};
         MenuCheckItem aspectCorrection{&outputMenu};
         MenuCheckItem overscanCropping{&outputMenu};
-        MenuCheckItem integralScaling{&outputMenu};
         MenuCheckItem blurEmulation{&outputMenu};
       Menu shaderMenu{&settingsMenu};
       MenuSeparator settingsSeparatorA{&settingsMenu};
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ struct Presentation : Window {
         MenuRadioItem speedFastest{&speedMenu};
         Group speedGroup{&speedSlowest, &speedSlow, &speedNormal, &speedFast, &speedFastest};
       MenuCheckItem pauseEmulation{&toolsMenu};
+      MenuItem frameAdvance{&toolsMenu};
       MenuItem captureScreenshot{&toolsMenu};
       MenuSeparator toolsSeparatorB{&toolsMenu};
       MenuItem cheatEditor{&toolsMenu};
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/program/game.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/program/game.cpp
index 973ef529..2fbf8a5a 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/program/game.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/program/game.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ auto Program::load() -> void {
     Emulator::audio.reset(2, audio->frequency());
     if(emulator->load(media.id)) {
       gameQueue = {};
-      captureScreenshot = false;
+      screenshot = {};
+      frameAdvance = false;
       if(!verified() && settingsWindow->advanced.warnOnUnverifiedGames.checked()) {
         //todo: MessageDialog crashes with GTK+; unsure the reason why this happens
         //once MessageDialog functions, add an "Always" option
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/program/interface.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/program/platform.cpp
similarity index 94%
rename from higan/target-bsnes/program/interface.cpp
rename to higan/target-bsnes/program/platform.cpp
index 392d2389..f76e4386 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/program/interface.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/program/platform.cpp
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ auto Program::open(uint id, string name, vfs::file::mode mode, bool required) ->
 
 auto Program::load(uint id, string name, string type, string_vector options) -> Emulator::Platform::Load {
   BrowserDialog dialog;
+  dialog.setParent(*presentation);
   dialog.setOptions(options);
 
   if(id == 1 && name == "Super Famicom" && type == "sfc") {
@@ -205,14 +206,13 @@ auto Program::videoRefresh(const uint32* data, uint pitch, uint width, uint heig
     if(height == 480) data += 16 * pitch, height -= 32;
   }
 
-  if(captureScreenshot) {
-    captureScreenshot = false;
-    if(auto filename = screenshotPath()) {
-      if(Encode::BMP::create(filename, (const uint32_t*)data, pitch << 2, width, height, false)) {
-        showMessage({"Captured screenshot [", Location::file(filename), "]"});
-      }
-    }
-  }
+  //this relies on the UI only running between Emulator::Scheduler::Event::Frame events
+  //this will always be the case; so we can avoid an unnecessary copy or one-frame delay here
+  //if the core were to exit between a frame event, the next frame might've been only partially rendered
+  screenshot.data = data;
+  screenshot.pitch = pitch << 2;
+  screenshot.width = width;
+  screenshot.height = height;
 
   if(video->lock(output, length, width, height)) {
     length >>= 2;
@@ -225,6 +225,11 @@ auto Program::videoRefresh(const uint32* data, uint pitch, uint width, uint heig
     video->output();
   }
 
+  if(frameAdvance) {
+    frameAdvance = false;
+    presentation->pauseEmulation.setChecked();
+  }
+
   static uint frameCounter = 0;
   static uint64 previous, current;
   frameCounter++;
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.cpp
index f39acaaf..edb96dc0 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include "../bsnes.hpp"
-#include "interface.cpp"
+#include "platform.cpp"
 #include "game.cpp"
 #include "game-pak.cpp"
 #include "game-rom.cpp"
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.hpp b/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.hpp
index 8a53efbb..0c9bd02e 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.hpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/program/program.hpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ struct Program : Emulator::Platform {
   auto main() -> void;
   auto quit() -> void;
 
-  //interface.cpp
+  //platform.cpp
   auto open(uint id, string name, vfs::file::mode mode, bool required) -> vfs::shared::file override;
   auto load(uint id, string name, string type, string_vector options = {}) -> Emulator::Platform::Load override;
   auto videoRefresh(const uint32* data, uint pitch, uint width, uint height) -> void override;
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ struct Program : Emulator::Platform {
   auto showMessage(string text) -> void;
   auto showFrameRate(string text) -> void;
   auto updateStatus() -> void;
+  auto captureScreenshot() -> bool;
   auto paused() -> bool;
   auto focused() -> bool;
 
@@ -122,7 +123,15 @@ public:
   } sufamiTurboA, sufamiTurboB;
 
   string_vector gameQueue;
-  boolean captureScreenshot;
+
+  struct Screenshot {
+    const uint32* data = nullptr;
+    uint pitch = 0;
+    uint width = 0;
+    uint height = 0;
+  } screenshot;
+
+  bool frameAdvance = false;
 
   uint64 autoSaveTime;
 
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/program/utility.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/program/utility.cpp
index 74ff538a..01d2e399 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/program/utility.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/program/utility.cpp
@@ -31,6 +31,20 @@ auto Program::updateStatus() -> void {
   }
 }
 
+auto Program::captureScreenshot() -> bool {
+  if(emulator->loaded() && screenshot.data) {
+    if(auto filename = screenshotPath()) {
+      if(Encode::BMP::create(filename,
+        (const uint32_t*)screenshot.data, screenshot.pitch, screenshot.width, screenshot.height, false
+      )) {
+        showMessage({"Captured screenshot [", Location::file(filename), "]"});
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 auto Program::paused() -> bool {
   if(!emulator->loaded()) return true;
   if(presentation->pauseEmulation.checked()) return true;
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/program/video.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/program/video.cpp
index ba1da2eb..e5c66f2b 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/program/video.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/program/video.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ auto Program::updateVideoDriver() -> void {
     settings["Video/Driver"].setValue("None");
     return updateVideoDriver();
   }
+
+  presentation->updateShaders();
 }
 
 auto Program::updateVideoBlocking() -> void {
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/settings/settings.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/settings/settings.cpp
index af751ae1..8e80187c 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/settings/settings.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/settings/settings.cpp
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ Settings::Settings() {
   set("Input/Frequency", 5);
   set("Input/Defocus", "Pause");
 
-  set("View/Size", "Small");
+  set("View/Multiplier", "2");
+  set("View/Output", "Scale");
   set("View/AspectCorrection", true);
   set("View/OverscanCropping", true);
-  set("View/IntegralScaling", true);
   set("View/BlurEmulation", true);
 
   set("Path/Games", "");
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ Settings::Settings() {
   set("Emulator/Hack/FastPPU/HiresMode7", false);
   set("Emulator/Hack/FastDSP", true);
   set("Emulator/Hack/FastSuperFX", "100%");
+  set("Emulator/Cheats/Enable", true);
 
   set("Crashed", false);
 }
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/tools/cheat-editor.cpp b/higan/target-bsnes/tools/cheat-editor.cpp
index 11869e56..f934ac0e 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/tools/cheat-editor.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/tools/cheat-editor.cpp
@@ -125,6 +125,15 @@ CheatEditor::CheatEditor(TabFrame* parent) : TabFrameItem(parent) {
   findCheatsButton.setText("Find Cheats ...").onActivate([&] {
     cheatDatabase->findCheats();
   });
+  enableCheats.setText("Enable Cheats").setChecked(settings["Emulator/Cheats/Enable"].boolean()).onToggle([&] {
+    settings["Emulator/Cheats/Enable"].setValue(enableCheats.checked());
+    if(!enableCheats.checked()) {
+      program->showMessage("All cheat codes disabled");
+    } else {
+      program->showMessage("Active cheat codes enabled");
+    }
+    synchronizeCodes();
+  });
   addButton.setText("Add").onActivate([&] {
     cheatWindow->show();
   });
@@ -224,8 +233,10 @@ auto CheatEditor::saveCheats() -> void {
 
 auto CheatEditor::synchronizeCodes() -> void {
   string_vector codes;
-  for(auto& cheat : cheats) {
-    if(cheat.enable) codes.append(cheat.code);
+  if(enableCheats.checked()) {
+    for(auto& cheat : cheats) {
+      if(cheat.enable) codes.append(cheat.code);
+    }
   }
   emulator->cheatSet(codes);
 }
diff --git a/higan/target-bsnes/tools/tools.hpp b/higan/target-bsnes/tools/tools.hpp
index 70497b94..fd556138 100644
--- a/higan/target-bsnes/tools/tools.hpp
+++ b/higan/target-bsnes/tools/tools.hpp
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ public:
     HorizontalLayout controlLayout{&layout, Size{~0, 0}};
       Button findCheatsButton{&controlLayout, Size{120, 0}};
       Widget spacer{&controlLayout, Size{~0, 0}};
+      CheckLabel enableCheats{&controlLayout, Size{0, 0}};
       Button addButton{&controlLayout, Size{80, 0}};
       Button editButton{&controlLayout, Size{80, 0}};
       Button removeButton{&controlLayout, Size{80, 0}};
diff --git a/higan/target-higan/GNUmakefile b/higan/target-higan/GNUmakefile
index c049dead..036db3fb 100644
--- a/higan/target-higan/GNUmakefile
+++ b/higan/target-higan/GNUmakefile
@@ -11,10 +11,11 @@ include gba/GNUmakefile
 include ws/GNUmakefile
 include processor/GNUmakefile
 
-ui_objects := ui-higan ui-program ui-input
-ui_objects += ui-settings ui-tools ui-presentation ui-resource
-ui_objects += ruby hiro
-ui_objects += $(if $(call streq,$(platform),windows),ui-windows)
+objects := ruby hiro $(objects)
+objects += ui-higan ui-program ui-input
+objects += ui-settings ui-tools ui-presentation ui-resource
+objects += $(if $(call streq,$(platform),windows),ui-windows)
+objects := $(objects:%=obj/%.o)
 
 # platform
 ifeq ($(platform),windows)
@@ -39,20 +40,19 @@ endif
 include ../ruby/GNUmakefile
 link += $(rubylink)
 
+obj/ruby.o: ../ruby/ruby.cpp $(call rwildcard,../ruby/)
+	$(info Compiling $< ...)
+	@$(compiler) $(rubyflags) -c $< -o $@
+
 # hiro
 include ../hiro/GNUmakefile
 link += $(hirolink)
 
-# rules
-objects := $(ui_objects) $(objects)
-objects := $(objects:%=obj/%.o)
-
-obj/ruby.o: ../ruby/ruby.cpp $(call rwildcard,../ruby/)
-	$(compiler) $(rubyflags) -c $< -o $@
-
 obj/hiro.o: ../hiro/hiro.cpp $(call rwildcard,../hiro/)
-	$(compiler) $(hiroflags) -c $< -o $@
+	$(info Compiling $< ...)
+	@$(compiler) $(hiroflags) -c $< -o $@
 
+# rules
 obj/ui-higan.o: $(ui)/higan.cpp
 obj/ui-program.o: $(ui)/program/program.cpp
 obj/ui-input.o: $(ui)/input/input.cpp
@@ -61,12 +61,14 @@ obj/ui-tools.o: $(ui)/tools/tools.cpp
 obj/ui-presentation.o: $(ui)/presentation/presentation.cpp
 obj/ui-resource.o: $(ui)/resource/resource.cpp
 
-obj/ui-windows.o:
-	$(windres) $(ui)/resource/higan.rc obj/ui-windows.o
+obj/ui-windows.o: $(ui)/resource/higan.rc
+	$(info Compiling $< ...)
+	@$(windres) $(ui)/resource/higan.rc obj/ui-windows.o
 
 # targets
-build: $(objects)
-	$(strip $(compiler) -o out/$(name) $(objects) $(link))
+default: information $(objects)
+	$(info Linking out/$(name) ...)
+	+@$(strip $(compiler) -o out/$(name) $(objects) $(link))
 ifeq ($(platform),macos)
 	rm -rf out/$(name).app
 	mkdir -p out/$(name).app/Contents/MacOS/
diff --git a/higan/target-higan/program/interface.cpp b/higan/target-higan/program/platform.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from higan/target-higan/program/interface.cpp
rename to higan/target-higan/program/platform.cpp
diff --git a/higan/target-higan/program/program.cpp b/higan/target-higan/program/program.cpp
index 4e5e3b4f..7505f237 100644
--- a/higan/target-higan/program/program.cpp
+++ b/higan/target-higan/program/program.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <gb/interface/interface.hpp>
 #include <gba/interface/interface.hpp>
 #include <ws/interface/interface.hpp>
-#include "interface.cpp"
+#include "platform.cpp"
 #include "medium.cpp"
 #include "state.cpp"
 #include "utility.cpp"
diff --git a/higan/target-higan/program/program.hpp b/higan/target-higan/program/program.hpp
index 4a4248e4..84182a49 100644
--- a/higan/target-higan/program/program.hpp
+++ b/higan/target-higan/program/program.hpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ struct Program : Emulator::Platform {
   auto main() -> void;
   auto quit() -> void;
 
-  //interface.cpp
+  //platform.cpp
   auto path(uint id) -> string override;
   auto open(uint id, string name, vfs::file::mode mode, bool required) -> vfs::shared::file override;
   auto load(uint id, string name, string type, string_vector options = {}) -> Emulator::Platform::Load override;
diff --git a/hiro/cocoa/window.cpp b/hiro/cocoa/window.cpp
index 3cec6838..9c6514fd 100644
--- a/hiro/cocoa/window.cpp
+++ b/hiro/cocoa/window.cpp
@@ -330,6 +330,22 @@ auto pWindow::setGeometry(Geometry geometry) -> void {
   unlock();
 }
 
+auto pWindow::setMaximized(bool maximized) -> void {
+  //todo
+}
+
+auto pWindow::setMaximumSize(Size size) -> void {
+  //todo
+}
+
+auto pWindow::setMinimized(bool minimized) -> void {
+  //todo
+}
+
+auto pWindow::setMinimumSize(Size size) -> void {
+  //todo
+}
+
 auto pWindow::setModal(bool modal) -> void {
   @autoreleasepool {
     if(modal == true) {
diff --git a/hiro/cocoa/window.hpp b/hiro/cocoa/window.hpp
index 2e7d87f7..26492f1f 100644
--- a/hiro/cocoa/window.hpp
+++ b/hiro/cocoa/window.hpp
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ struct pWindow : pObject {
   auto setFocused() -> void override;
   auto setFullScreen(bool fullScreen) -> void;
   auto setGeometry(Geometry geometry) -> void;
+  auto setMaximized(bool maximized) -> void;
+  auto setMaximumSize(Size size) -> void;
+  auto setMinimized(bool minimized) -> void;
+  auto setMinimumSize(Size size) -> void;
   auto setModal(bool modal) -> void;
   auto setResizable(bool resizable) -> void;
   auto setTitle(const string& text) -> void;
diff --git a/hiro/core/core.hpp b/hiro/core/core.hpp
index 08be56d8..b222840c 100644
--- a/hiro/core/core.hpp
+++ b/hiro/core/core.hpp
@@ -446,9 +446,10 @@ struct Monitor {
   Monitor() = delete;
 
   static auto count() -> uint;
-  static auto dpi(uint monitor) -> Position;
-  static auto geometry(uint monitor) -> Geometry;
+  static auto dpi(maybe<uint> monitor = nothing) -> Position;
+  static auto geometry(maybe<uint> monitor = nothing) -> Geometry;
   static auto primary() -> uint;
+  static auto workspace(maybe<uint> monitor = nothing) -> Geometry;
 };
 #endif
 
@@ -695,7 +696,11 @@ struct mWindow : mObject {
   auto fullScreen() const -> bool;
   auto geometry() const -> Geometry;
   auto layout() const -> Layout;
+  auto maximized() const -> bool;
+  auto maximumSize() const -> Size;
   auto menuBar() const -> MenuBar;
+  auto minimized() const -> bool;
+  auto minimumSize() const -> Size;
   auto modal() const -> bool;
   auto onClose(const function<void ()>& callback = {}) -> type&;
   auto onDrop(const function<void (string_vector)>& callback = {}) -> type&;
@@ -718,6 +723,10 @@ struct mWindow : mObject {
   auto setFrameSize(Size size) -> type&;
   auto setFullScreen(bool fullScreen = true) -> type&;
   auto setGeometry(Geometry geometry) -> type&;
+  auto setMaximized(bool maximized = true) -> type&;
+  auto setMaximumSize(Size size = {}) -> type&;
+  auto setMinimized(bool minimized = true) -> type&;
+  auto setMinimumSize(Size size = {}) -> type&;
   auto setModal(bool modal = true) -> type&;
   auto setPosition(Position position) -> type&;
   auto setResizable(bool resizable = true) -> type&;
@@ -734,6 +743,10 @@ struct mWindow : mObject {
     bool fullScreen = false;
     Geometry geometry = {128, 128, 256, 256};
     sLayout layout;
+    bool maximized = false;
+    Size maximumSize;
+    bool minimized = false;
+    Size minimumSize;
     sMenuBar menuBar;
     bool modal = false;
     function<void ()> onClose;
diff --git a/hiro/core/monitor.cpp b/hiro/core/monitor.cpp
index a8058c72..63f25c65 100644
--- a/hiro/core/monitor.cpp
+++ b/hiro/core/monitor.cpp
@@ -4,16 +4,20 @@ auto Monitor::count() -> uint {
   return pMonitor::count();
 }
 
-auto Monitor::dpi(uint monitor) -> Position {
-  return pMonitor::dpi(monitor);
+auto Monitor::dpi(maybe<uint> monitor) -> Position {
+  return pMonitor::dpi(monitor ? monitor() : primary());
 }
 
-auto Monitor::geometry(uint monitor) -> Geometry {
-  return pMonitor::geometry(monitor);
+auto Monitor::geometry(maybe<uint> monitor) -> Geometry {
+  return pMonitor::geometry(monitor ? monitor() : primary());
 }
 
 auto Monitor::primary() -> uint {
   return pMonitor::primary();
 }
 
+auto Monitor::workspace(maybe<uint> monitor) -> Geometry {
+  return pMonitor::workspace(monitor ? monitor() : primary());
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/hiro/core/shared.hpp b/hiro/core/shared.hpp
index 35d002b3..284d3e37 100644
--- a/hiro/core/shared.hpp
+++ b/hiro/core/shared.hpp
@@ -956,7 +956,11 @@ struct Window : sWindow {
   auto fullScreen() const { return self().fullScreen(); }
   auto geometry() const { return self().geometry(); }
   auto layout() const { return self().layout(); }
+  auto maximized() const { return self().maximized(); }
+  auto maximumSize() const { return self().maximumSize(); }
   auto menuBar() const { return self().menuBar(); }
+  auto minimized() const { return self().minimized(); }
+  auto minimumSize() const { return self().minimumSize(); }
   auto modal() const { return self().modal(); }
   auto onClose(const function<void ()>& callback = {}) { return self().onClose(callback), *this; }
   auto onDrop(const function<void (string_vector)>& callback = {}) { return self().onDrop(callback), *this; }
@@ -979,6 +983,10 @@ struct Window : sWindow {
   auto setFrameSize(Size size) { return self().setFrameSize(size), *this; }
   auto setFullScreen(bool fullScreen = true) { return self().setFullScreen(fullScreen), *this; }
   auto setGeometry(Geometry geometry) { return self().setGeometry(geometry), *this; }
+  auto setMaximized(bool maximized) { return self().setMaximized(maximized), *this; }
+  auto setMaximumSize(Size size = {}) { return self().setMaximumSize(size), *this; }
+  auto setMinimized(bool minimized) { return self().setMinimized(minimized), *this; }
+  auto setMinimumSize(Size size = {}) { return self().setMinimumSize(size), *this; }
   auto setModal(bool modal = true) { return self().setModal(modal), *this; }
   auto setPosition(Position position) { return self().setPosition(position), *this; }
   auto setResizable(bool resizable = true) { return self().setResizable(resizable), *this; }
diff --git a/hiro/core/window.cpp b/hiro/core/window.cpp
index 0a3b45a2..e7b083a9 100644
--- a/hiro/core/window.cpp
+++ b/hiro/core/window.cpp
@@ -95,10 +95,26 @@ auto mWindow::layout() const -> Layout {
   return state.layout;
 }
 
+auto mWindow::maximized() const -> bool {
+  return state.maximized;
+}
+
+auto mWindow::maximumSize() const -> Size {
+  return state.maximumSize;
+}
+
 auto mWindow::menuBar() const -> MenuBar {
   return state.menuBar;
 }
 
+auto mWindow::minimized() const -> bool {
+  return state.minimized;
+}
+
+auto mWindow::minimumSize() const -> Size {
+  return state.minimumSize;
+}
+
 auto mWindow::modal() const -> bool {
   return state.modal;
 }
@@ -245,6 +261,30 @@ auto mWindow::setGeometry(Geometry geometry) -> type& {
   return *this;
 }
 
+auto mWindow::setMaximized(bool maximized) -> type& {
+  state.maximized = maximized;
+  signal(setMaximized, maximized);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+auto mWindow::setMaximumSize(Size size) -> type& {
+  state.maximumSize = size;
+  signal(setMaximumSize, size);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+auto mWindow::setMinimized(bool minimized) -> type& {
+  state.minimized = minimized;
+  signal(setMinimized, minimized);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+auto mWindow::setMinimumSize(Size size) -> type& {
+  state.minimumSize = size;
+  signal(setMinimumSize, size);
+  return *this;
+}
+
 auto mWindow::setModal(bool modal) -> type& {
   state.modal = modal;
   signal(setModal, modal);
diff --git a/hiro/gtk/desktop.cpp b/hiro/gtk/desktop.cpp
index 958d7220..8ff555f8 100644
--- a/hiro/gtk/desktop.cpp
+++ b/hiro/gtk/desktop.cpp
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ auto pDesktop::workspace() -> Geometry {
     gdk_screen_get_height(gdk_screen_get_default())
   };
   #endif
+
+  return {};
 }
 
 }
diff --git a/hiro/gtk/monitor.cpp b/hiro/gtk/monitor.cpp
index 8e75c2b9..ac67da5a 100644
--- a/hiro/gtk/monitor.cpp
+++ b/hiro/gtk/monitor.cpp
@@ -1,25 +1,61 @@
 #if defined(Hiro_Monitor)
 
+//GTK 3.22 adds new monitor functions
+//using GTK 2.x functions as FreeBSD 10.1 uses GTK 3.8
+
 namespace hiro {
 
 auto pMonitor::count() -> uint {
+  #if HIRO_GTK==2 || 1
   return gdk_screen_get_n_monitors(gdk_screen_get_default());
+  #elif HIRO_GTK==3
+  return gdk_display_get_n_monitors(gdk_display_get_default());
+  #endif
 }
 
 auto pMonitor::dpi(uint monitor) -> Position {
-  //GTK+ does not support either per-monitor or per-axis DPI reporting
+  #if HIRO_GTK==2 || 1
+  //GTK2 does not support either per-monitor or per-axis DPI reporting
   float dpi = round(gdk_screen_get_resolution(gdk_screen_get_default()));
   return {dpi, dpi};
+  #elif HIRO_GTK==3
+  auto gdkMonitor = gdk_display_get_monitor(gdk_display_get_default(), monitor);
+  return {
+    round(gdk_monitor_get_width(gdkMonitor) / (gdk_monitor_get_width_mm(gdkMonitor) / 25.4)),
+    round(gdk_monitor_get_height(gdkMonitor) / (gdk_monitor_get_height_mm(gdkMonitor) / 25.4))
+  };
+  #endif
 }
 
 auto pMonitor::geometry(uint monitor) -> Geometry {
-  GdkRectangle rectangle = {0};
+  GdkRectangle rectangle = {};
+  #if HIRO_GTK==2 || 1
   gdk_screen_get_monitor_geometry(gdk_screen_get_default(), monitor, &rectangle);
+  #elif HIRO_GTK==3
+  auto gdkMonitor = gdk_display_get_monitor(gdk_display_get_default(), monitor);
+  gdk_monitor_get_geometry(monitor, &rectangle);
+  #endif
   return {rectangle.x, rectangle.y, rectangle.width, rectangle.height};
 }
 
 auto pMonitor::primary() -> uint {
+  #if HIRO_GTK==2 || 1
   return gdk_screen_get_primary_monitor(gdk_screen_get_default());
+  #elif HIRO_GTK==3
+  return gdk_display_get_primary_monitor(gdk_display_get_default());
+  #endif
+}
+
+auto pMonitor::workspace(uint monitor) -> Geometry {
+  #if HIRO_GTK==2 || 1
+  //todo: can this be done on a per-monitor basis with raw Xlib / Win32 APIs?
+  return pDesktop::workspace();
+  #elif HIRO_GTK==3
+  auto gdkMonitor = gdk_display_get_monitor(gdk_display_get_default(), monitor);
+  GdkRectangle rectangle = {};
+  gdk_monitor_get_workarea(monitor, &rectangle);
+  return {rectangle.x, rectangle.y, rectangle.width, rectangle.height};
+  #endif
 }
 
 }
diff --git a/hiro/gtk/monitor.hpp b/hiro/gtk/monitor.hpp
index 70cf8a1d..1effa3da 100644
--- a/hiro/gtk/monitor.hpp
+++ b/hiro/gtk/monitor.hpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ struct pMonitor {
   static auto dpi(uint monitor) -> Position;
   static auto geometry(uint monitor) -> Geometry;
   static auto primary() -> uint;
+  static auto workspace(uint monitor) -> Geometry;
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/hiro/gtk/object.hpp b/hiro/gtk/object.hpp
index e1fc4dbb..096743f9 100644
--- a/hiro/gtk/object.hpp
+++ b/hiro/gtk/object.hpp
@@ -18,10 +18,18 @@ struct pObject {
   virtual auto setFont(const Font& font) -> void;
   virtual auto setVisible(bool visible) -> void;
 
-  auto locked() const -> bool { return locks != 0 || Application::state.quit; }
+  auto locked() const -> bool { return locks || Application::state.quit; }
   auto lock() -> void { ++locks; }
   auto unlock() -> void { --locks; }
 
+  struct Lock {
+    Lock(pObject& self) : self(self) { self.locks++; }
+    ~Lock() { self.locks--; }
+
+    pObject& self;
+  };
+  auto acquire() -> Lock { return {*this}; }
+
   mObject& reference;
   signed locks = 0;
 };
diff --git a/hiro/gtk/widget/horizontal-scroll-bar.cpp b/hiro/gtk/widget/horizontal-scroll-bar.cpp
index 0975665b..fcd81d05 100644
--- a/hiro/gtk/widget/horizontal-scroll-bar.cpp
+++ b/hiro/gtk/widget/horizontal-scroll-bar.cpp
@@ -33,11 +33,10 @@ auto pHorizontalScrollBar::minimumSize() const -> Size {
 }
 
 auto pHorizontalScrollBar::setLength(unsigned length) -> void {
-  lock();
+  auto lock = acquire();
   length += length == 0;
   gtk_range_set_range(GTK_RANGE(gtkWidget), 0, max(1u, length - 1));
   gtk_range_set_increments(GTK_RANGE(gtkWidget), 1, length >> 3);
-  unlock();
 }
 
 auto pHorizontalScrollBar::setPosition(unsigned position) -> void {
diff --git a/hiro/gtk/widget/vertical-scroll-bar.cpp b/hiro/gtk/widget/vertical-scroll-bar.cpp
index bc70dd58..81cb45b4 100644
--- a/hiro/gtk/widget/vertical-scroll-bar.cpp
+++ b/hiro/gtk/widget/vertical-scroll-bar.cpp
@@ -33,11 +33,10 @@ auto pVerticalScrollBar::minimumSize() const -> Size {
 }
 
 auto pVerticalScrollBar::setLength(unsigned length) -> void {
-  lock();
+  auto lock = acquire();
   length += length == 0;
   gtk_range_set_range(GTK_RANGE(gtkWidget), 0, max(1u, length - 1));
   gtk_range_set_increments(GTK_RANGE(gtkWidget), 1, length >> 3);
-  unlock();
 }
 
 auto pVerticalScrollBar::setPosition(unsigned position) -> void {
diff --git a/hiro/gtk/window.cpp b/hiro/gtk/window.cpp
index 5475a842..e48a4f5a 100644
--- a/hiro/gtk/window.cpp
+++ b/hiro/gtk/window.cpp
@@ -128,6 +128,10 @@ static auto Window_keyRelease(GtkWidget* widget, GdkEventKey* event, pWindow* p)
 }
 
 static auto Window_sizeAllocate(GtkWidget* widget, GtkAllocation* allocation, pWindow* p) -> void {
+  //size-allocate is sent before window-state-event when maximizing a window
+  //this means Window::onSize() handler would have the old maximized state if we used the latter signal
+  p->_synchronizeState();
+
   //size-allocate sent from gtk_fixed_move(); detect if layout unchanged and return
   if(allocation->width == p->lastAllocation.width
   && allocation->height == p->lastAllocation.height) return;
@@ -153,6 +157,20 @@ static auto Window_sizeRequest(GtkWidget* widget, GtkRequisition* requisition, p
   requisition->height = p->state().geometry.height();
 }
 
+static auto Window_stateEvent(GtkWidget* widget, GdkEvent* event, pWindow* p) -> void {
+  p->_synchronizeState();
+
+/*if(event->type == GDK_WINDOW_STATE) {
+    auto windowStateEvent = (GdkEventWindowState*)event;
+    if(windowStateEvent->changed_mask & GDK_WINDOW_STATE_MAXIMIZED) {
+      p->state().maximized = windowStateEvent->new_window_state & GDK_WINDOW_STATE_MAXIMIZED;
+    }
+    if(windowStateEvent->changed_mask & GDK_WINDOW_STATE_ICONIFIED) {
+      p->state().minimized = windowStateEvent->new_window_state & GDK_WINDOW_STATE_ICONIFIED;
+    }
+  }*/
+}
+
 auto pWindow::construct() -> void {
   lastAllocation.width  = 0;
   lastAllocation.height = 0;
@@ -204,6 +222,8 @@ auto pWindow::construct() -> void {
   setDroppable(state().droppable);
   setGeometry(state().geometry);
   setResizable(state().resizable);
+  setMaximized(state().maximized);
+  setMinimized(state().minimized);
   setTitle(state().title);
 
   g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(widget), "delete-event", G_CALLBACK(Window_close), (gpointer)this);
@@ -224,6 +244,7 @@ auto pWindow::construct() -> void {
   widgetClass->get_preferred_width = Window_getPreferredWidth;
   widgetClass->get_preferred_height = Window_getPreferredHeight;
   #endif
+  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(widget), "window-state-event", G_CALLBACK(Window_stateEvent), (gpointer)this);
 }
 
 auto pWindow::destruct() -> void {
@@ -323,10 +344,8 @@ auto pWindow::setGeometry(Geometry geometry) -> void {
   Geometry margin = frameMargin();
   gtk_window_move(GTK_WINDOW(widget), geometry.x() - margin.x(), geometry.y() - margin.y());
 
-  GdkGeometry geom;
-  geom.min_width  = state().resizable ? 1 : state().geometry.width();
-  geom.min_height = state().resizable ? 1 : state().geometry.height();
-  gtk_window_set_geometry_hints(GTK_WINDOW(widget), GTK_WIDGET(widget), &geom, GDK_HINT_MIN_SIZE);
+  setMaximumSize(state().maximumSize);
+  setMinimumSize(state().minimumSize);
 
   gtk_widget_set_size_request(formContainer, geometry.width(), geometry.height());
   auto time1 = chrono::millisecond();
@@ -337,6 +356,42 @@ auto pWindow::setGeometry(Geometry geometry) -> void {
   while(chrono::millisecond() - time2 < 20) gtk_main_iteration_do(false);
 }
 
+auto pWindow::setMaximized(bool maximized) -> void {
+  auto lock = acquire();
+  if(maximized) {
+    gtk_window_maximize(GTK_WINDOW(widget));
+  } else {
+    gtk_window_unmaximize(GTK_WINDOW(widget));
+  }
+}
+
+auto pWindow::setMaximumSize(Size size) -> void {
+  if(size.height()) size.setHeight(size.height() + _menuHeight() + _statusHeight());
+
+  GdkGeometry geometry;
+  geometry.max_width  = !state().resizable ? state().geometry.width()  : size.width()  ? size.width()  : 32767;
+  geometry.max_height = !state().resizable ? state().geometry.height() : size.height() ? size.height() : 32767;
+  gtk_window_set_geometry_hints(GTK_WINDOW(widget), nullptr, &geometry, GDK_HINT_MAX_SIZE);
+}
+
+auto pWindow::setMinimized(bool minimized) -> void {
+  auto lock = acquire();
+  if(minimized) {
+    gtk_window_iconify(GTK_WINDOW(widget));
+  } else {
+    gtk_window_deiconify(GTK_WINDOW(widget));
+  }
+}
+
+auto pWindow::setMinimumSize(Size size) -> void {
+  if(size.height()) size.setHeight(size.height() + _menuHeight() + _statusHeight());
+
+  GdkGeometry geometry;
+  geometry.min_width  = !state().resizable ? state().geometry.width()  : size.width()  ? size.width()  : 1;
+  geometry.min_height = !state().resizable ? state().geometry.height() : size.height() ? size.height() : 1;
+  gtk_window_set_geometry_hints(GTK_WINDOW(widget), nullptr, &geometry, GDK_HINT_MIN_SIZE);
+}
+
 auto pWindow::setModal(bool modal) -> void {
   if(modal) {
     gtk_window_set_modal(GTK_WINDOW(widget), true);
@@ -479,6 +534,69 @@ auto pWindow::_statusHeight() const -> signed {
   return gtk_widget_get_visible(gtkStatus) ? settings.geometry.statusHeight : 0;
 }
 
+//GTK doesn't add gtk_window_is_maximized() until 3.12;
+//and doesn't appear to have a companion gtk_window_is_(hidden,iconic,minimized);
+//so we have to do this the hard way
+auto pWindow::_synchronizeState() -> void {
+  if(!gtk_widget_get_realized(widget)) return;
+
+  #if defined(DISPLAY_WINDOWS)
+  auto window = GDK_WINDOW_HWND(gtk_widget_get_window(widget));
+
+  bool maximized = IsZoomed(window);
+  bool minimized = IsIconic(window);
+
+  bool doSize = false;
+  if(state().minimized != minimized) doSize = true;
+
+  state().maximized = maximized;
+  state().minimized = minimized;
+
+  if(doSize) self().doSize();
+  #endif
+
+  #if defined(DISPLAY_XORG)
+  auto display = XOpenDisplay(nullptr);
+  int screen = DefaultScreen(display);
+  auto window = GDK_WINDOW_XID(gtk_widget_get_window(widget));
+  XlibAtom wmState = XInternAtom(display, "_NET_WM_STATE", XlibTrue);
+  XlibAtom atom;
+  int format;
+  unsigned long items, after;
+  unsigned char* data = nullptr;
+  int result = XGetWindowProperty(
+    display, window, wmState, 0, LONG_MAX, XlibFalse, AnyPropertyType, &atom, &format, &items, &after, &data
+  );
+  auto atoms = (unsigned long*)data;
+  if(result == Success) {
+    bool maximizedHorizontal = false;
+    bool maximizedVertical = false;
+    bool minimized = false;
+
+    for(auto index : range(items)) {
+      auto memory = XGetAtomName(display, atoms[index]);
+      auto name = string{memory};
+      if(name == "_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ") maximizedHorizontal = true;
+      if(name == "_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT") maximizedVertical = true;
+      if(name == "_NET_WM_STATE_HIDDEN") minimized = true;
+      XFree(memory);
+    }
+
+    bool doSize = false;
+    //maximize sends size-allocate, which triggers doSize()
+    if(state().minimized != minimized) doSize = true;
+
+    //windows do not act bizarrely when maximized in only one direction
+    //so for this reason, consider a window maximized only if it's in both directions
+    state().maximized = maximizedHorizontal && maximizedVertical;
+    state().minimized = minimized;
+
+    if(doSize) self().doSize();
+  }
+  XCloseDisplay(display);
+  #endif
+}
+
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/hiro/gtk/window.hpp b/hiro/gtk/window.hpp
index 3b79e228..dd0e1e77 100644
--- a/hiro/gtk/window.hpp
+++ b/hiro/gtk/window.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ struct pWindow : pObject {
   auto setFocused() -> void override;
   auto setFullScreen(bool fullScreen) -> void;
   auto setGeometry(Geometry geometry) -> void;
+  auto setMaximized(bool maximized) -> void;
+  auto setMaximumSize(Size size) -> void;
+  auto setMinimized(bool minimized) -> void;
+  auto setMinimumSize(Size size) -> void;
   auto setModal(bool modal) -> void;
   auto setResizable(bool resizable) -> void;
   auto setTitle(const string& title) -> void;
@@ -37,6 +41,7 @@ struct pWindow : pObject {
   auto _setStatusText(const string& text) -> void;
   auto _setStatusVisible(bool visible) -> void;
   auto _statusHeight() const -> signed;
+  auto _synchronizeState() -> void;
 
   GtkWidget* widget = nullptr;
   GtkWidget* menuContainer = nullptr;
diff --git a/hiro/qt/window.cpp b/hiro/qt/window.cpp
index 541e2b72..8f8a5f22 100644
--- a/hiro/qt/window.cpp
+++ b/hiro/qt/window.cpp
@@ -154,6 +154,22 @@ auto pWindow::setGeometry(Geometry geometry) -> void {
   unlock();
 }
 
+auto pWindow::setMaximized(bool maximized) -> void {
+  //todo
+}
+
+auto pWindow::setMaximumSize(Size size) -> void {
+  //todo
+}
+
+auto pWindow::setMinimized(bool minimized) -> void {
+  //todo
+}
+
+auto pWindow::setMinimumSize(Size size) -> void {
+  //todo
+}
+
 auto pWindow::setModal(bool modal) -> void {
   if(modal) {
     //windowModality can only be enabled while window is invisible
diff --git a/hiro/qt/window.hpp b/hiro/qt/window.hpp
index c9abee81..da618263 100644
--- a/hiro/qt/window.hpp
+++ b/hiro/qt/window.hpp
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ struct pWindow : pObject {
   auto setFocused() -> void override;
   auto setFullScreen(bool fullScreen) -> void;
   auto setGeometry(Geometry geometry) -> void;
+  auto setMaximized(bool maximized) -> void;
+  auto setMaximumSize(Size size) -> void;
+  auto setMinimized(bool minimized) -> void;
+  auto setMinimumSize(Size size) -> void;
   auto setModal(bool modal) -> void;
   auto setResizable(bool resizable) -> void;
   auto setTitle(const string& text) -> void;
diff --git a/hiro/windows/utility.cpp b/hiro/windows/utility.cpp
index f415d6b2..41a1d33c 100644
--- a/hiro/windows/utility.cpp
+++ b/hiro/windows/utility.cpp
@@ -339,24 +339,17 @@ static auto CALLBACK Shared_windowProc(WindowProc windowProc, HWND hwnd, UINT ms
     break;
   }
 
-  #if defined(Hiro_TableView)
-  case AppMessage::TableView_doPaint: {
-    if(auto tableView = (mTableView*)lparam) {
-      if(auto self = tableView->self()) InvalidateRect(self->hwnd, nullptr, true);
-    }
+  case WM_SIZE: {
+    bool maximized = IsZoomed(pWindow->hwnd);
+    bool minimized = IsIconic(pWindow->hwnd);
+
+    window->state.maximized = maximized;
+    window->state.minimized = minimized;
+
+    //todo: call Window::doSize() ?
     break;
   }
 
-  case AppMessage::TableView_onActivate: {
-    if(auto tableView = (mTableView*)lparam) tableView->doActivate();
-    break;
-  }
-
-  case AppMessage::TableView_onChange: {
-    if(auto tableView = (mTableView*)lparam) tableView->doChange();
-  }
-  #endif
-
   case WM_HSCROLL:
   case WM_VSCROLL: {
     if(!lparam) break;
@@ -389,6 +382,24 @@ static auto CALLBACK Shared_windowProc(WindowProc windowProc, HWND hwnd, UINT ms
 
     break;
   }
+
+  #if defined(Hiro_TableView)
+  case AppMessage::TableView_doPaint: {
+    if(auto tableView = (mTableView*)lparam) {
+      if(auto self = tableView->self()) InvalidateRect(self->hwnd, nullptr, true);
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+
+  case AppMessage::TableView_onActivate: {
+    if(auto tableView = (mTableView*)lparam) tableView->doActivate();
+    break;
+  }
+
+  case AppMessage::TableView_onChange: {
+    if(auto tableView = (mTableView*)lparam) tableView->doChange();
+  }
+  #endif
   }
 
   return windowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
diff --git a/hiro/windows/window.cpp b/hiro/windows/window.cpp
index e0f28ebc..7866b687 100644
--- a/hiro/windows/window.cpp
+++ b/hiro/windows/window.cpp
@@ -136,6 +136,27 @@ auto pWindow::setGeometry(Geometry geometry) -> void {
   unlock();
 }
 
+auto pWindow::setMaximized(bool maximized) -> void {
+  if(state().minimized) return;
+  lock();
+  ShowWindow(hwnd, maximized ? SW_MAXIMIZED : SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE);
+  unlock();
+}
+
+auto pWindow::setMaximumSize(Size size) -> void {
+  //todo
+}
+
+auto pWindow::setMinimized(bool minimized) -> void {
+  lock();
+  ShowWindow(hwnd, minimized ? SW_MINIMIZED : state().maximized ? SW_MAXIMIZED : SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE);
+  unlock();
+}
+
+auto pWindow::setMinimumSize(Size size) -> void {
+  //todo
+}
+
 auto pWindow::setModal(bool modality) -> void {
   if(modality) {
     _modalityUpdate();
diff --git a/hiro/windows/window.hpp b/hiro/windows/window.hpp
index 9b130b23..55da425c 100644
--- a/hiro/windows/window.hpp
+++ b/hiro/windows/window.hpp
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ struct pWindow : pObject {
   auto setFont(const Font& font) -> void override;
   auto setFullScreen(bool fullScreen) -> void;
   auto setGeometry(Geometry geometry) -> void;
+  auto setMaximized(bool maximized) -> void;
+  auto setMaximumSize(Size size) -> void;
+  auto setMinimized(bool minimized) -> void;
+  auto setMinimumSize(Size size) -> void;
   auto setModal(bool modal) -> void;
   auto setResizable(bool resizable) -> void;
   auto setTitle(string text) -> void;
diff --git a/icarus/GNUmakefile b/icarus/GNUmakefile
index d2748531..45d73e4d 100644
--- a/icarus/GNUmakefile
+++ b/icarus/GNUmakefile
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ objects := obj/hiro.o
 objects += obj/icarus.o
 objects += $(if $(call streq,$(platform),windows),obj/resource.o)
 
-all: $(objects)
-	$(strip $(compiler) -o out/$(name) $(objects) $(link) $(hirolink))
+default: information $(objects)
+	$(info Linking out/$(name) ...)
+	+@$(strip $(compiler) -o out/$(name) $(objects) $(link) $(hirolink))
 ifeq ($(platform),macos)
 	rm -rf out/$(name).app
 	mkdir -p out/$(name).app/Contents/MacOS/
@@ -21,13 +22,16 @@ ifeq ($(platform),macos)
 endif
 
 obj/hiro.o: ../hiro/hiro.cpp
-	$(compiler) $(hiroflags) -o obj/hiro.o -c ../hiro/hiro.cpp
+	$(info Compiling $< ...)
+	@$(compiler) $(hiroflags) -o obj/hiro.o -c ../hiro/hiro.cpp
 
 obj/icarus.o: icarus.cpp $(call rwildcard,core/) $(call rwildcard,heuristics/) $(call rwildcard,ui/)
-	$(compiler) $(cppflags) $(flags) -o obj/icarus.o -c icarus.cpp
+	$(info Compiling $< ...)
+	@$(compiler) $(cppflags) $(flags) -o obj/icarus.o -c icarus.cpp
 
-obj/resource.o:
-	$(windres) data/$(name).rc obj/resource.o
+obj/resource.o: data/$(name).rc
+	$(info Compiling $< ...)
+	@$(windres) data/$(name).rc obj/resource.o
 
 clean:
 ifeq ($(platform),macos)
diff --git a/nall/GNUmakefile b/nall/GNUmakefile
index dd69a74f..8a2935eb 100644
--- a/nall/GNUmakefile
+++ b/nall/GNUmakefile
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ ifeq ($(platform),)
 
   # common commands
   ifeq ($(uname),)
-    rm = del /q $(subst /,\,$1)
-    rmdir = del /s /q $(subst /,\,$1) && if exist $(subst /,\,$1) (rmdir /s /q $(subst /,\,$1))
+    rm = $(info Deleting $1 ...) @del /q $(subst /,\,$1)
+    rmdir = $(info Deleting $1 ...) @del /s /q $(subst /,\,$1) && if exist $(subst /,\,$1) (rmdir /s /q $(subst /,\,$1))
   else
-    rm = rm -f $1
-    rmdir = rm -rf $1
+    rm = $(info Deleting $1 ...) @rm -f $1
+    rmdir = $(info Deleting $1 ...) @rm -rf $1
   endif
 endif
 
@@ -75,6 +75,12 @@ else ifeq ($(build),performance)
   flags += -O3 -DBUILD_PERFORMANCE
 endif
 
+# link-time optimization
+ifeq ($(lto),true)
+  flags += -fwhole-program -flto -fno-fat-lto-objects
+  link += -fwhole-program -flto=jobserver
+endif
+
 # openmp support
 ifeq ($(openmp),true)
   # macOS Xcode does not ship with OpenMP support
@@ -129,6 +135,15 @@ endif
 # paths
 prefix := $(HOME)/.local
 
+# targets
+all: default;
+
+information:
+	$(info Compiler Flags:)
+	$(foreach n,$(sort $(call unique,$(flags))),$(if $(filter-out -I%,$n),$(info $([space]) $n)))
+	$(info Linker Flags:)
+	$(foreach n,$(sort $(call unique,$(link))),$(if $(filter-out -l%,$n),$(info $([space]) $n)))
+
 # function rwildcard(directory, pattern)
 rwildcard = \
   $(strip \
diff --git a/nall/string/format.hpp b/nall/string/format.hpp
index c5e6fe1c..9f8a6974 100644
--- a/nall/string/format.hpp
+++ b/nall/string/format.hpp
@@ -71,11 +71,13 @@ auto string_format::append() -> string_format& {
 template<typename... P> auto print(P&&... p) -> void {
   string s{forward<P>(p)...};
   fwrite(s.data(), 1, s.size(), stdout);
+  fflush(stdout);
 }
 
 template<typename... P> auto print(FILE* fp, P&&... p) -> void {
   string s{forward<P>(p)...};
   fwrite(s.data(), 1, s.size(), fp);
+  if(fp == stdout || fp == stderr) fflush(fp);
 }
 
 template<typename T> auto pad(const T& value, long precision, char padchar) -> string {