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Convert README docs to MkDocs format.

Browse Source 
The existing documentation was getting *way* too long to be a single
document.

I've just bulk moved the existing content into the new structure, but it
definitely needs another pass to make the prose match, fix hyperlinks,
etc. etc.
This commit is contained in:
Tim Allen
2017-07-21 19:26:47 +10:00
parent a99e601c87
commit 3c3f1de317
20 changed files with 2168 additions and 2148 deletions
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The Filesystem Browser
----------------------
Sometimes higan will need
to ask you to choose a file or folder.
For this, it uses a special Filesystem Browser dialog.
Although many operating systems provide a native filesystem browser,
they do not all allow the same customizations.
Therefore,
higan provides its own filesystem browser
that works the same way on every platform.
The filesystem browser shows the contents of some particular folder,
and allows you to select one of those items.
Across the top of the window,
a text-box displays the path of the current folder.
If you want to browse a specific path,
you may edit the contents of this box
and press Enter to switch to the new location.
The button with two blue arrows at the top-right is "Refresh".
Pressing this button will check for
added (or removed) items in the current folder,
and add (or remove) them to (or from) the list.
The button with the house at the top-right is "Home".
Pressing this button will switch to your home folder.
The button with the green up-arrow at the top right is "Parent".
Pressing this button will
switch to the parent of the current folder.
Most of the filesystem browser lists the contents
of the current directory.
Double-clicking a folder,
or selecting it and pressing Enter,
will switch to showing the contents of that directory.
If the list has keyboard focus,
typing any text will jump to the first inem in the list
whose name begins with the text you typed.
If a drop-down list appears in the bottom-left,
it allows you to choose which files appear in the list,
based on file-extension.
If this filesystem browser is asking for a file,
you can choose one
by double-clicking it,
by selecting it and pressing Enter,
or by selecting it and clicking the "Select" button in the bottom-right.
If this filesystem browser is asking for a directory,
you can choose one
by selecting it and clicking the "Select" button in the bottom-right.
Double-clicking
or selecting and pressing Enter don't work,
they just switch to viewing that directory.
The "Cancel" button in the bottom-right
closes the filesystem browser without selecting anything.

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TODO
higan accepts a path to a game folder,
and also the `--fullscreen` option.

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The Configuration dialog
contains less-frequently-modified configuration options.
Most of these can be safely ignored,
or set once and never changed again.
TODO: Break this into separate sections for each tab,
like for the tools window.
The dialog has a tab for each main category of options:
- **Video**: This tab contains options that affect
how higan displays
the emulated console's video output.
- "Saturation" adjusts the vibrancy of colours displayed,
where 0% makes things pure grey,
100% is normal,
and 200% is garishly brightly coloured.
- "Gamma" adjusts how bright mid-range colours are
compared to the brightest colours,
where 100% is normal,
and 200% makes mid-range colours much darker.
- "Luminance" adjusts the overall brightness,
where 100% is normal,
and 0% is totally black.
- "Overscan Mask" hides parts of
the video output that would have been hidden
by the bezel around the edge of
a standard-definition television screen.
Some games (particularly on the Famicom)
displayed random glitchy output in this area,
which can be distracting.
The units are "pixels in the emulated console's standard video-mode".
For example, setting "Horizontal" to 8
will clip 8/256ths from the left and right sides
of the Super Famicom's video output,
whether the Super Famicom is in
lo-res (256px) or hi-res (512px)
mode.
- "Aspect Correction"
(in both Windowed Mode and Fullscreen Mode)
stretches the image to match the aspect ratio
produced by the original console hardware,
but can cause a "ripple" effect,
due to rounding errors.
- "Resize Window to Viewport"
(under "Windowed mode")
causes higan to resize its window
to fit snugly around the emulated console's video
whenever it changes size:
because a game was loaded for a different console
with a different display size or aspect ratio,
because the "Overscan Mask" controls were adjusted,
because the game switched to a different video mode,
because the user pressed the "Rotate Display" hotkey,
etc.
When this option is disabled,
the higan window stays at a fixed size,
large enough to contain the video for any supported console,
padded with black borders for all smaller video modes.
- "Resize Viewport to Window"
(under "Fullscreen mode")
causes higan to stretch the emulated console's video output
to touch the edges of the screen.
Since most screens are not an exact multiple
of the size of all emulated consoles,
this may cause a "ripple" effect,
due to rounding errors.
When this option is disabled,
higan stretches the emulated console's video output
to the largest exact multiple
of the emulated console's video output
that is smaller than or equal to the screen size.
- TODO: Update this to match 103r11, or whatever the latest version is.
- **Audio**: This tab contains options that affect
how higan reproduces
the emulated console's audio output.
- "Device" allows you to choose
which audio device higan sends
the emulated game's audio to.
- "Frequency" controls the sample-rate that higan will use
when generating audio.
If your PC's audio hardware has a "native" sample-rate
and you know what it is,
pick that.
Otherwise,
44.1kHz or 48kHz should be fine.
- "Latency" controls how much audio output higan calculates in advance.
Higher values reduce the chance of
"popping" or "glitching" noises,
but increase the delay between an action occurring on-screen
and the corresponding sound-effect being played.
- "Exclusive Mode" appears
if the current audio driver
allows higan to take exclusive control of your PC's audio output,
so no other applications can play sounds.
This can improve audio quality,
and lower the effective audio latency.
- "Volume" controls the overall loudness of
the emulated console's audio,
where 100% is normal volume,
and 0% is complete silence.
- "Balance" controls the relative loudness of
the left and right speakers,
where 0% means only the left speaker produces sound,
50% means both speakers produce sound equally,
and 100% means only the right speaker produces sound.
- "Reverb" adds a slight reverberation effect
to the emulated console's audio output,
as though the console were in a tunnel or small room.
- **Input**: This tab controls which PC inputs
are used for which emulated controllers.
The exact PC inputs that can be mapped
depend on [the input driver](#drivers).
- "Pause Emulation" automatically pauses emulation
when the main higan window
is not the current foreground window.
- "Allow Input" can be ticked
when "Pause Emulation" is *not* ticked,
and allows configured inputs to keep affecting higan
even when higan is running in the background.
This is particularly relevant if
you configure your PC keyboard to control higan:
if you tick this box,
and switch to a different application
leaving higan running in the background,
typing in that other application may affect
the emulated game running in higan
even though you can't see it!
- The console selector chooses which console's inputs
to display in the mapping list below.
- The port selector chooses which port of the selected console
to display in the mapping list below.
- The controller selector chooses which controller
associated with the given console and port
to display in the mapping list below.
- The mapping list includes
every button and axis on the selected controller,
and the PC inputs that are mapped to it
when it is connected to the selected port of the selected console.
- To map
a keyboard or gamepad button on your PC to
a controller button,
double-click the controller button in the list,
or select it and press Enter.
The window will grey out,
and a message will appear in the bottom left:
"Press a key or button to map [the button]".
Press the key or button you want to map,
and it should appear in the list
next to the controller button it is mapped to.
- To map
a mouse button on your PC to
a controller button,
select the controller button in the list,
then click one of the "Mouse Left",
"Mouse Middle",
or "Mouse Right" buttons in the bottom-left of the window.
- To map
a joystick axis on your PC to
a controller axis,
double-click the axis in the list,
or select it and press Enter.
The window will grey out,
and a message will appear in the bottom left:
"Press a key or button to map [the axis]".
Press the joystick in the direction you want to map,
and it should appear in the list
next to the controller button it is mapped to.
- To map
a mouse axis on your PC to
a controller axis,
select the axis in the list,
then click one of the
"Mouse X-axis",
or "Mouse Y-axis"
buttons in the bottom-left of the window.
- The "Rumble" setting
for the Game Boy Advance is treated like a button,
and can be mapped to a PC gamepad.
When the emulated Game Boy Advance
tries to use the rumble feature
of the Game Boy Player,
higan will turn on the force-feedback
of whatever gamepad the mapped button is part of.
- If you start mapping a button or axis,
but decide you don't want to,
you can press Escape
to exit the "Press a key or button to map..." mode
without actually mapping anything.
- "Erase" removes the mapping
for the selected button or axis.
- "Reset" removes all the mappings currently in the list.
- TODO: Mention that controllers must be connected
in the console menu
before they can be used.
- **Hotkeys**: This tab is like "Inputs" above,
except it contains controls for higan itself,
instead of for the emulated console.
- "Toggle Fullscreen" puts higan into fullscreen mode,
where the menu and status bar are hidden,
and the emulated console's video output
is enlarged to cover the entire screen.
Toggling fullscreen also automatically captures the mouse.
- "Toggle Mouse Capture" hides the usual mouse-cursor,
and captures the mouse so it cannot leave the higan window.
This is useful when the mouse is being used to emulate
a light-gun controller like the Super Scope.
- "Save Quick State" saves the current state of the emulated console
to the currently-selected Quick State slot.
- "Load Quick State" restores the emulated console
to the state saved in the currently-selected Quick State slot.
- "Decrement Quick State" selects the previous Quick State slot.
The status bar will briefly display the new current slot number.
- "Increment Quick State" selects the next Quick State slot.
The status bar will briefly display the new current slot number.
- "Pause Emulation" pauses the emulated console
until the Pause Emulation hotkey is pressed a second time.
- "Fast Forward" disables audio and video synchronisation
for as long as it's held down,
so emulation proceeds as quickly as possible.
If your PC struggles to hit "real time"
(60fps for most emulated consoles),
this likely won't have any effect.
- "Power Cycle" turns the emulated console off and back on,
(a "hard reset"),
just like the "Power Cycle" menu item
in [the console menu](#the-console-menu).
- "Rotate Display" will toggle the display
of the Game Boy Advance
and WonderSwan (Color)
between the usual landscape orientation
and a portrait orientation (90° counter-clockwise).
These consoles have games
that expect the player to hold the console
in a different way.
- **Advanced**: This tab contains all the settings
that didn't fit into one of the other categories.
- "Video" controls how higan will draw
the emulated console's video output
to the PC screen.
"None" means no video will be drawn.
See [Drivers](#drivers) for details.
- "Audio" controls how higan will present
the emulated console's audio output.
"None" means no audio will be played.
See [Drivers](#drivers) for details.
- "Input" controls how higan checks for input
from the PC's input devices.
"None" means the emulated console cannot be controlled.
See [Drivers](#drivers) for details.
- "Location" selects where the [Game Library](#the-game-library)
looks for games to load.
See [Moving the Game Library](#moving-the-game-library)
for more information.
- "Ignore Manifests" makes higan ignore the manifest file
in the a loaded game's [game folder](#why-game-folders)
in favour of asking icarus
to guess a manifest on the fly.
This means that incompatible or incorrect manifests
generated by old versions of icarus
won't cause problems,
but means you can't fix incorrect manifests
generated by the current version of icarus.
See also the "Create Manifests" option in
[the icarus Settings dialog](#the-icarus-settings-dialog).

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The Cheat Editor
----------------
For some consoles,
higan supports applying temporary changes to the code of a running game.
For example,
you could disable the code that registers when the player takes damage,
resulting in an "invulnerability" mode.
Currently,
higan supports cheats for the following consoles:
- Famicom
- Super Famicom
- Game Boy
- Master System
- PC Engine
- Wonder Swan
A cheat code of the format `addr=data`
will cause the emulated console to obtain `data`
whenever it reads from memory address `addr`.
A cheat code of the format `addr=comp?data`
will cause reads from `addr` to obtain `data`,
but only if the true value at `addr` is `comp`.
In both formats,
`data` is a single byte expressed as two hexadecimal digits,
`comp` is also a single byte expressed as two hexadecimal digits,
and `addr` is a memory address in the emulated console,
expressed as however many hexadecimal digits are required
for the console in question
(typically 4 for 8-bit CPUs,
6 for 16-bit CPUs,
and 8 for 32-bit CPUs).
For compatibility with older versions of higan,
the older syntaxes of `addr/data` and `addr/comp/data`
are still supported.
For cheats that require more than a single-byte change,
higan allows multiple codes to be combined with `+`
so that all of them can have a single description
and be toggled with a single click.
For example,
in Super Mario World,
you can lock the time to 999 with these codes:
`7e0f31=09+7e0f32=09+7e0f33=09`.
Changes made in the Cheat Editor are saved to disk
when the game is unloaded,
or when higan exits.
higan stores the known cheats for a particular game
in `higan/cheats.bml`
inside the corresponding game folder
in [the Game Library](#the-game-library).
If your copy of higan includes a cheat database
(a file named `cheats.bml`
in the same directory as `Super Famicom.sys`
and the other `*.sys` directories),
you can click the "Find Codes ..." button in the bottom left
to load all known cheats for the currently-running game.
To add a new cheat,
select an unused row in the list,
then type the relevant codes in the "Code(s)" field at the bottom,
and a description in the "Description" field.
To enable or disable an existing cheat,
tick the checkbox in the first column of the list.
The code should take effect immediately.
To clear out an existing cheat,
select it from the list
and click the "Erase" button in the bottom right,
or just manually delete
the contents of the "Code(s)" and "Description" fields.
To clear out all existing cheats,
click the "Reset" button in the bottom right.
The State Manager
-----------------
The State Manager allows you to create,
load,
and remove Manager states.
For more information on Manager states,
quick states,
saved games
and how they compare,
see [Save States](#save-states).
To create a new manager state,
or to replace an existing one,
select the slot in the list
then click "Save" in the bottom-left corner.
You can then type a description in the "Description" field,
to help you find the state again later.
To rename a state,
select the slot in the list
and edit the "Description" field.
To load a state,
select the slot in the list
and click "Load" in the bottom-left corner,
or just double-click it.
To clear the state out of a slot,
select the slot in the list
and click "Erase" in the bottom-right corner.
To clear all the slots at once,
click "Reset" in the bottom-right corner.
The Manifest Viewer
-------------------
As mentioned in
[Why game folders?](#why-game-folders),
a game cartridge contains
more than just the raw data of the game.
higan uses a "manifest" to
describe how the various parts of a game cartridge
are wired up together,
and the Manifest Viewer lets you examine
the configuration higan is using for the currently-running game.
For some games,
an actual cartridge has been taken apart and carefully examined
and its configuration has been recorded in icarus' database,
so the manifest icarus produces
is guaranteed accurate.
For games that do not exist in icarus' database,
icarus will make a reasonable guess.
This is enough to get the game running,
but does not necessarily reflect the original cartridge.

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When you launch higan,
the main window appears,
with a menu-bar across the top,
a status-bar across the bottom,
and a large area in the middle where the game's video output appears.
The Library menu
----------------
The Library menu allows you
to import games into higan's game library,
and to load games from the library.
higan organises the games in your library
according to which console they were intended to run on.
To play a game for a particular console from your library,
click on the Library menu,
click on the console manufacturer submenu
(Nintendo for the Super Famicom,
Bandai for the WonderSwan,
etc.)
then click on the console menu item.
A window will appear listing all the games in your library
for that particular console.
Select the game you want to play
and click the Open button,
or just double-click the game,
and it will begin playing as though you'd just turned on the console.
To add a new game to your library,
choose "Load ROM File ..." from the Library menu.
A [filesystem browser](#the-filesystem-browser) will appear,
allowing you to pick any ROM image for any supported system,
with any of the most common file extensions.
It also allows loading ROM images from `.zip` archives,
if the archive contains a single ROM image.
**Note:** Some games require extra steps to import correctly;
see [the Game Library](#the-game-library) for details.
To add many games at once,
run icarus,
or choose "Import ROM Files ..." from the Library menu
(which just runs icarus anyway).
See [the icarus interface](#the-icarus-interface)
for more information about bulk-importing.
For more information about the higan game library,
see [The Game Library](#the-game-library) below.
The console menu
---------------
**Note:**
The console menu does not appear
until a game is loaded.
Also,
it's not named "console",
it's named for the kind of console
the loaded game runs on.
For example,
when playing a Game Boy game,
you will have a "Game Boy" menu.
The console menu contains commands relevant
to the particular console being emulated.
All consoles will have some of the following items,
but few consoles have all of them.
- **Controller Port 1**
allows you
to connect different emulated controllers
to the first controller port,
if there is one.
- See [the Configuration dialog](#the-configuration-dialog)
for information about configuring
which host controller inputs are used
for the emulated controllers.
- This menu appears for the Famicom,
even though the Famicom did not support alternate controllers,
because the Famicom emulation core also emulates the NES,
which did.
- **Controller Port 2**
allows you
to connect different emulated controllers
to the second controller port,
if there is one.
- See [the Configuration dialog](#the-configuration-dialog)
for information about configuring
which host controller inputs are used
for the emulated controllers.
- This menu appears for the Famicom,
even though the Famicom did not support alternate controllers,
because the Famicom emulation core also emulates the NES,
which did.
- **Expansion Port**
allows you
to connect different emulated devices
to the console's expansion port,
if there is one.
- For the Super Famicom,
the [21fx][21fx] is a homebrew device
that allows a program running on a PC
to control a physical Super Famicom (or SNES).
This option allows the same program
to control the emulated SNES,
for development or testing.
- **Power Cycle**
restarts the loaded game
as though the emulated console were switched off and on again.
- **Unload**
stops the current game,
as though the emulated console were switched off.
You can load the same or a different game
from [the Library menu](#the-library-menu).
[21fx]: https://github.com/defparam/21FX
The Settings menu
-----------------
The Settings menu allows you to configure things
that aren't specific to any particular console.
- **Video Scale** determines the size and shape
of the emulated console's video output
in windowed mode
(as opposed to fullscreen).
- **Video Emulation** applies various effects
to the emulated console's video output
to reproduce some behaviours
that aren't technically part of the console itself.
- "Blurring" simulates the limited horizontal resolution
of standard-definition TVs
by blurring together horizontally-adjacent pixels.
Games like Jurassic Park for the Super Famicom
depend on this to emulate a transparency effect.
For hand-held consoles like the Game Boy Advance,
this simulates the slow response time
of the cheap LCD screens these consoles used
by blurring each output frame with the previous one.
- "Colors" simulates the way a console's display device
differs from modern computer monitor's colour reproduction.
In particular,
it simulates the slightly-different gamma correction
used by the Super Famicom,
the dim, washed out colours of the original Game Boy Advance,
and the pea-green display of the original Game Boy.
- **Video Shader** controls
how the low-resolution video output of the emulated console
is scaled up to suit modern high-resolution displays.
The availability of items in this submenu depends on
which video driver higan is using,
so see [Drivers](#drivers) for more information.
- "None" draws each output pixel according to
the colour of the single nearest input pixel,
sometimes called "nearest neighbour" scaling.
This produces unnaturally crisp and blocky images.
- "Blur" draws each output pixel by
averaging the colours of the four nearest input pixels,
sometimes called "bilinear" scaling.
This produces unnaturally blurry images.
- When using the OpenGL [driver](#drivers),
an additional item appears in this menu for
each installed Quark shader.
See [Installing custom shaders](#installing-custom-shaders)
for details.
- **Synchronize Audio**
causes higan to wait for audio playback to complete
before resuming emulation.
This should reduce popping and glitching noises,
and slows the emulation down to approximately the correct speed.
If your PC cannot emulate at full-speed,
(60fps for most consoles, 75fps for WonderSwan)
this has no noticable effect.
- **Mute Audio**
causes higan to not output sound from the emulated console.
The sound hardware is still emulated.
- **Show Status Bar**
causes higan to show or hide the status bar
at the bottom of the window.
This option has no effect in full-screen mode.
See [The status bar](#the-status-bar) for more information.
- **Video ...**
opens the Video tab of [the Configuration dialog][cfgdlg].
- **Audio ...**
opens the Audio tab of [the Configuration dialog][cfgdlg].
- **Input ...**
opens the Input tab of [the Configuration dialog][cfgdlg].
- **Hotkey ...**
opens the Hotkeys tab of [the Configuration dialog][cfgdlg].
- **Advanced ...**
opens the Advanced tab of [the Configuration dialog][cfgdlg].
[svsa]: #why-do-synchronize-video-and-synchronize-audio-conflict
[cfgdlg]: #the-configuration-dialog
The Tools menu
--------------
The Tools menu
contains features for manipulating the emulated console.
- **Save Quick State**
stores the current state of the emulated console
into one of the quick state slots.
See [Save States](#save-states) for more information.
- **Load Quick State**
restores the emulated console to
a state previously saved to one of the quick state slots.
See [Save States](#save-states) for more information.
- **Cheat Editor**
opens [the Cheat Editor window](#the-cheat-editor)
- **State Manager**
opens [the State Manager window](#the-state-manager)
- **Manifest Viewer**
opens [the Manifest Viewer window](#the-manifest-viewer)
The Help menu
-------------
The Help menu contains information about higan itself.
- **Documentation**
loads the official higan documentation
in your web-browser.
- **About**
opens the About dialog,
which displays basic information about higan,
including the version number.
The status bar
--------------
The status bar appears
at the bottom of the main higan window,
while "Show Status Bar" is ticked in [the Settings menu](#the-settings-menu).
Before any game is loaded,
the status bar displays "No cartridge loaded".
When a game is loaded and running,
the status bar displays the current emulation speeed
in frames-per-second.
For PAL-based consoles,
this should be around 50 FPS for "full speed" emulation,
for NTSC and most portable consoles the ideal speed is 60 FPS,
but the WonderSwan runs at 75 FPS.
If the number is too low,
you may need a faster computer,
or a faster [video driver](#drivers).
If the number is too high,
you may need to [Synchronize Audio](#the-settings-menu),
or you may have pressed the "turbo" [hotkey](#the-configuration-dialog).
The status bar displays "Paused"
if you have pressed the "pause" [hotkey](#the-configuration-dialog),
or if "When focus is lost: Pause Emulation" is ticked
in [the Input tab of the Configuration dialog](#the-configuration-dialog)
and the main higan window is not the foreground window.
To resume emulation,
make sure the main higan window is in the foreground,
and/or press the "pause" hotkey.
The status bar briefly displays "Selected quick state slot X"
(where X is one of the Quick State slot numbers)
when you press the "Increment Quick State"
or "Decrement Quick State"
hotkeys,
to show which Quick State slot will be used
the next time you press the "Save Quick State"
or "Load Quick State" hotkeys.
The status bar briefly displays "Slot X quick state does not exist"
(where X is one of the Quick State slot numbers)
when you choose a slot from the
[Tools](#the-tools-menu) → "Load Quick State"
sub-menu that has not had a save-state saved to it,
or when you press the "Load Quick State" hotkey
while the current Quick State slot has not had a save-state saved to it,
The status bar briefly displays "Power cycled"
when you choose "Power Cycle" from [the console menu](#the-console menu),
or press the "Power Cycle" hotkey.
The status bar briefly displays "Display rotation not supported"
when you press the "Rotate Display" hotkey
while the emulated console does not support display rotation.

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When launching icarus,
directly or by picking "Import ROM Files ..."
from higan's [Library menu](#the-library-menu),
the main icarus window appears.
This is [a filesystem browser](#the-filesystem-browser),
with customisations:
- The filesystem browser only lists
files with extensions typically used for ROM dumps from
consoles higan emulates,
plus `.zip` files since ROM dumps are often compressed.
- Each matching file has a check-box next to it.
- You can tick the check-box next to every file at once
by pressing "Select All" in the bottom-left.
- You can un-tick all the check-boxes
by pressing "Unselect All" in the bottom-left.
Pressing "Settings ..." in the bottom-right
opens [the icarus Settings dialog](#the-icarus-settings-dialog).
Pressing "Import ..." in the bottom-right
will close the filesystem browser
then try to import all the files
whose check-boxes are ticked
into [the Game Library](#the-game-library).
icarus displays a progress dialog during the import process.
**Note:** Some games require extra steps to import correctly;
see [the Game Library](#the-game-library) for details.
The icarus Settings dialog
--------------------------
The icarus Settings dialog contains the following settings:
- **Library Location** determines
where icarus puts the games it imports.
See [Moving the Game Library](#moving-the-game-library)
for details.
- **Create Manifests** causes icarus
to write out a manifest file describing
each imported game
to that game's [game folder](#whats-in-a-game-folder).
This means that higan doesn't have to regenerate
the manifest each time an imported game is loaded,
but it means that a future version of higan
with an incompatible manifest format
may be unable to play these games.
Note that higan also has an "Ignore Manifests" option
in the Advanced tab of
[its Configuration dialog](#the-configuration-dialog).
- **Use Database** causes icarus to use manifest information
from its database of known-good manifests,
if it's importing a game it recognises.
For unrecognised games,
and for all games if this box is unticked,
icarus gueses the manifest data.
This option is still relevant when "Create Manifests" is unticked:
higan uses icarus to generate a manifest when a game is loaded,
not just at import-time.