diff --git a/bsnes/gameboy/Makefile b/bsnes/gameboy/Makefile
index 149614c4..82d35611 100755
--- a/bsnes/gameboy/Makefile
+++ b/bsnes/gameboy/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 gameboy_objects := gameboy-system gameboy-scheduler
 gameboy_objects += gameboy-memory gameboy-cartridge
-gameboy_objects += gameboy-cpu gameboy-lcd
+gameboy_objects += gameboy-cpu gameboy-apu gameboy-lcd
 objects += $(gameboy_objects)
 
 obj/gameboy-system.o: $(gameboy)/system/system.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/system/)
@@ -8,4 +8,5 @@ obj/gameboy-scheduler.o: $(gameboy)/scheduler/scheduler.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(g
 obj/gameboy-cartridge.o: $(gameboy)/cartridge/cartridge.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/cartridge/)
 obj/gameboy-memory.o: $(gameboy)/memory/memory.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/memory/)
 obj/gameboy-cpu.o: $(gameboy)/cpu/cpu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/cpu/)
+obj/gameboy-apu.o: $(gameboy)/apu/apu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/apu/)
 obj/gameboy-lcd.o: $(gameboy)/lcd/lcd.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/lcd/)
diff --git a/bsnes/gameboy/apu/apu.cpp b/bsnes/gameboy/apu/apu.cpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..80efe0a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bsnes/gameboy/apu/apu.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#include <gameboy/gameboy.hpp>
+
+#define APU_CPP
+namespace GameBoy {
+
+#include "mmio/mmio.cpp"
+#include "serialization.cpp"
+APU apu;
+
+void APU::power() {
+  for(unsigned n = 0xff10; n <= 0xff3f; n++) bus.mmio[n] = this;
+
+  channel1.sweep_time = 0;
+  channel1.sweep_direction = 0;
+  channel1.sweep_shift = 0;
+
+  channel1.wave_pattern_duty = 0;
+  channel1.sound_length = 0;
+
+  channel1.initial_envelope_volume = 0;
+  channel1.envelope_direction = 0;
+  channel1.envelope_sweep = 0;
+
+  channel1.frequency = 0;
+  channel1.initialize = 0;
+  channel1.consecutive_selection = 0;
+
+  channel2.wave_pattern_duty = 0;
+  channel2.sound_length = 0;
+
+  channel2.initial_envelope_volume = 0;
+  channel2.envelope_direction = 0;
+  channel2.envelope_sweep = 0;
+
+  channel2.frequency = 0;
+  channel2.initialize = 0;
+  channel2.consecutive_selection = 0;
+
+  channel3.off = 0;
+
+  channel3.sound_length = 0;
+
+  channel3.output_level = 0;
+
+  channel3.frequency = 0;
+  channel3.initialize = 0;
+  channel3.consecutive_selection = 0;
+
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 16; n++) channel3.pattern[n] = 0;
+
+  channel4.sound_length = 0;
+
+  channel4.initial_envelope_volume = 0;
+  channel4.envelope_direction = 0;
+  channel4.envelope_sweep = 0;
+
+  channel4.shift_clock_frequency = 0;
+  channel4.counter_step_width = 0;
+  channel4.dividing_ratio = 0;
+
+  channel4.initialize = 0;
+  channel4.consecutive_selection = 0;
+
+  control.output_vin_to_so2 = 0;
+  control.so2_output_level = 0;
+  control.output_vin_to_so1 = 0;
+  control.so1_output_level = 0;
+
+  control.output_channel4_to_so2 = 0;
+  control.output_channel3_to_so2 = 0;
+  control.output_channel2_to_so2 = 0;
+  control.output_channel1_to_so2 = 0;
+  control.output_channel4_to_so1 = 0;
+  control.output_channel3_to_so1 = 0;
+  control.output_channel2_to_so1 = 0;
+  control.output_channel1_to_so1 = 0;
+
+  control.sound_on = 0;
+  control.channel4_on = 0;
+  control.channel3_on = 0;
+  control.channel2_on = 0;
+  control.channel1_on = 0;
+}
+
+}
diff --git a/bsnes/gameboy/apu/apu.hpp b/bsnes/gameboy/apu/apu.hpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..e9e5546f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bsnes/gameboy/apu/apu.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+struct APU : Processor, MMIO {
+  #include "mmio/mmio.hpp"
+
+  void power();
+
+  void serialize(serializer&);
+};
+
+extern APU apu;
diff --git a/bsnes/gameboy/apu/mmio/mmio.cpp b/bsnes/gameboy/apu/mmio/mmio.cpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..adb88c68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bsnes/gameboy/apu/mmio/mmio.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+#ifdef APU_CPP
+
+uint8 APU::mmio_read(uint16 addr) {
+  if(addr == 0xff10) {  //NR10
+    return (channel1.sweep_time << 4)
+         | (channel1.sweep_direction << 3)
+         | (channel1.sweep_shift << 0);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff11) {  //NR11
+    return (channel1.wave_pattern_duty << 6);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff12) {  //NR12
+    return (channel1.initial_envelope_volume << 4)
+         | (channel1.envelope_direction << 3)
+         | (channel1.envelope_sweep << 0);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff14) {  //NR14
+    return (channel1.consecutive_selection << 6);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff16) {  //NR21
+    return (channel2.wave_pattern_duty << 6);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff17) {  //NR22
+    return (channel2.initial_envelope_volume << 4)
+         | (channel2.envelope_direction << 3)
+         | (channel2.envelope_sweep << 0);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff19) {  //NR24
+    return (channel2.consecutive_selection << 6);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff1a) {  //NR30
+    return (channel3.off << 7);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff1b) {  //NR31
+    return (channel3.sound_length << 0);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff1c) {  //NR32
+    return (channel3.output_level << 5);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff1e) {  //NR34
+    return (channel3.consecutive_selection << 6);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff20) {  //NR41
+    return (channel4.sound_length << 0);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff21) {  //NR42
+    return (channel4.initial_envelope_volume << 4)
+         | (channel4.envelope_direction << 3)
+         | (channel4.envelope_sweep << 0);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff22) {  //NR43
+    return (channel4.shift_clock_frequency << 4)
+         | (channel4.counter_step_width << 3)
+         | (channel4.dividing_ratio << 0);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff23) {  //NR44
+    return (channel4.consecutive_selection << 6);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff24) {  //NR50
+    return (control.output_vin_to_so2 << 7)
+         | (control.so2_output_level << 4)
+         | (control.output_vin_to_so1 << 3)
+         | (control.so1_output_level << 0);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff25) {  //NR51
+    return (control.output_channel4_to_so2 << 7)
+         | (control.output_channel3_to_so2 << 6)
+         | (control.output_channel2_to_so2 << 5)
+         | (control.output_channel1_to_so2 << 4)
+         | (control.output_channel4_to_so1 << 3)
+         | (control.output_channel3_to_so1 << 2)
+         | (control.output_channel2_to_so1 << 1)
+         | (control.output_channel1_to_so1 << 0);
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff26) {  //NR52
+    return (control.sound_on << 7);
+  }
+
+  if(addr >= 0xff30 && addr <= 0xff3f) {
+    return channel3.pattern[addr & 15];
+  }
+
+  return 0x00;
+}
+
+void APU::mmio_write(uint16 addr, uint8 data) {
+  if(addr == 0xff10) {  //NR10
+    channel1.sweep_time = (data >> 4) & 7;
+    channel1.sweep_direction = data & 0x08;
+    channel1.sweep_shift = data & 0x07;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff11) {  //NR11
+    channel1.wave_pattern_duty = (data >> 6) & 3;
+    channel1.sound_length = data & 0x3f;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff12) {  //NR12
+    channel1.initial_envelope_volume = (data >> 4) & 15;
+    channel1.envelope_direction = data & 0x08;
+    channel1.envelope_sweep = data & 0x07;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff13) {  //NR13
+    channel1.frequency = (channel1.frequency & 0x0700) | (data << 0);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff14) {  //NR14
+    channel1.initialize = data & 0x80;
+    channel1.consecutive_selection = data & 0x40;
+    channel1.frequency = ((data & 7) << 8) | (channel1.frequency & 0x00ff);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff16) {  //NR21
+    channel2.wave_pattern_duty = (data >> 6) & 3;
+    channel2.sound_length = data & 0x3f;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff17) {  //NR22
+    channel2.initial_envelope_volume = (data >> 4) & 15;
+    channel2.envelope_direction = data & 0x08;
+    channel2.envelope_sweep = data & 0x07;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff18) {  //NR23
+    channel2.frequency = (channel2.frequency & 0x0700) | (data << 0);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff19) {  //NR24
+    channel2.initialize = data & 0x80;
+    channel2.consecutive_selection = data & 0x40;
+    channel2.frequency = ((data & 7) << 8) | (channel2.frequency & 0x00ff);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff1a) {  //NR30
+    channel3.off = data & 0x80;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff1b) {  //NR31
+    channel3.sound_length = data;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff1c) {  //NR32
+    channel3.output_level = (data >> 5) & 3;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff1d) {  //NR33
+    channel3.frequency = (channel3.frequency & 0x0700) | (data << 0);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff1e) {  //NR34
+    channel3.initialize = data & 0x80;
+    channel3.consecutive_selection = data & 0x40;
+    channel3.frequency = ((data & 7) << 8) | (channel3.frequency & 0x00ff);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff20) {  //NR41
+    channel4.sound_length = data & 0x3f;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff21) {  //NR42
+    channel4.initial_envelope_volume = (data >> 3) & 15;
+    channel4.envelope_direction = data & 0x08;
+    channel4.envelope_sweep = data & 0x07;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff22) {  //NR43
+    channel4.shift_clock_frequency = (data >> 4) & 15;
+    channel4.counter_step_width = data & 0x08;
+    channel4.dividing_ratio = data & 0x07;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff23) {  //NR44
+    channel4.initialize = data & 0x80;
+    channel4.consecutive_selection = data & 0x40;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff24) {  //NR50
+    control.output_vin_to_so2 = data & 0x80;
+    control.so2_output_level = (data >> 4) & 7;
+    control.output_vin_to_so1 = data & 0x08;
+    control.so1_output_level = (data >> 0) & 7;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff25) {  //NR51
+    control.output_channel4_to_so2 = data & 0x80;
+    control.output_channel3_to_so2 = data & 0x40;
+    control.output_channel2_to_so2 = data & 0x20;
+    control.output_channel1_to_so2 = data & 0x10;
+    control.output_channel4_to_so1 = data & 0x08;
+    control.output_channel3_to_so1 = data & 0x04;
+    control.output_channel2_to_so1 = data & 0x02;
+    control.output_channel1_to_so1 = data & 0x01;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr == 0xff26) {  //NR52
+    control.sound_on = data & 0x80;
+    control.channel4_on = data & 0x08;
+    control.channel3_on = data & 0x04;
+    control.channel2_on = data & 0x02;
+    control.channel1_on = data & 0x01;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(addr >= 0xff30 && addr <= 0xff3f) {
+    channel3.pattern[addr & 15] = data;
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/bsnes/gameboy/apu/mmio/mmio.hpp b/bsnes/gameboy/apu/mmio/mmio.hpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..d28130a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bsnes/gameboy/apu/mmio/mmio.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+uint8 mmio_read(uint16 addr);
+void mmio_write(uint16 addr, uint8 data);
+
+struct Channel1 {  //tone and sweep
+  //$ff10  NR10
+  unsigned sweep_time;
+  bool sweep_direction;
+  unsigned sweep_shift;
+
+  //$ff11  NR11
+  unsigned wave_pattern_duty;
+  unsigned sound_length;
+
+  //$ff12  NR12
+  unsigned initial_envelope_volume;
+  bool envelope_direction;
+  unsigned envelope_sweep;
+
+  //$ff13,$ff14  NR13,NR14
+  unsigned frequency;
+  bool initialize;
+  bool consecutive_selection;
+} channel1;
+
+struct Channel2 {  //tone
+  //$ff16  NR21
+  unsigned wave_pattern_duty;
+  unsigned sound_length;
+
+  //$ff17  NR22
+  unsigned initial_envelope_volume;
+  bool envelope_direction;
+  unsigned envelope_sweep;
+
+  //$ff18,$ff19  NR23,NR24
+  unsigned frequency;
+  bool initialize;
+  bool consecutive_selection;
+} channel2;
+
+struct Channel3 {  //wave output
+  //$ff1a  NR30
+  bool off;
+
+  //$ff1b  NR31
+  unsigned sound_length;
+
+  //$ff1c  NR32
+  unsigned output_level;
+
+  //$ff1d,$ff1e  NR33,NR34
+  unsigned frequency;
+  bool initialize;
+  bool consecutive_selection;
+
+  //$ff30-ff3f
+  uint8 pattern[16];
+} channel3;
+
+struct Channel4 {  //noise
+  //$ff20  NR41
+  unsigned sound_length;
+
+  //$ff21  NR42
+  unsigned initial_envelope_volume;
+  bool envelope_direction;
+  unsigned envelope_sweep;
+
+  //$ff22  NR43
+  unsigned shift_clock_frequency;
+  bool counter_step_width;
+  unsigned dividing_ratio;
+
+  //$ff23  NR44
+  bool initialize;
+  bool consecutive_selection;
+} channel4;
+
+struct Control {
+  //$ff24  NR50
+  bool output_vin_to_so2;
+  unsigned so2_output_level;
+  bool output_vin_to_so1;
+  unsigned so1_output_level;
+
+  //$ff25  NR51
+  bool output_channel4_to_so2;
+  bool output_channel3_to_so2;
+  bool output_channel2_to_so2;
+  bool output_channel1_to_so2;
+  bool output_channel4_to_so1;
+  bool output_channel3_to_so1;
+  bool output_channel2_to_so1;
+  bool output_channel1_to_so1;
+
+  //$ff26  NR52
+  bool sound_on;
+  bool channel4_on;
+  bool channel3_on;
+  bool channel2_on;
+  bool channel1_on;
+} control;
diff --git a/bsnes/gameboy/apu/serialization.cpp b/bsnes/gameboy/apu/serialization.cpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..e9fd915b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bsnes/gameboy/apu/serialization.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifdef APU_CPP
+
+void APU::serialize(serializer &s) {
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/bsnes/gameboy/cpu/cpu.cpp b/bsnes/gameboy/cpu/cpu.cpp
index e2348577..dc7af1de 100755
--- a/bsnes/gameboy/cpu/cpu.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/gameboy/cpu/cpu.cpp
@@ -28,14 +28,30 @@ void CPU::main() {
 }
 
 void CPU::interrupt_raise(CPU::Interrupt id) {
-  switch(id) {
-    case Interrupt::Vblank: status.interrupt_request_vblank = 1; break;
-    case Interrupt::Stat  : status.interrupt_request_stat   = 1; break;
-    case Interrupt::Timer : status.interrupt_request_timer  = 1; break;
-    case Interrupt::Serial: status.interrupt_request_serial = 1; break;
-    case Interrupt::Joypad: status.interrupt_request_joypad = 1; status.stop = false; break;
+  if(id == Interrupt::Vblank) {
+    status.interrupt_request_vblank = 1;
+    if(status.interrupt_enable_vblank) status.halt = false;
+  }
+
+  if(id == Interrupt::Stat) {
+    status.interrupt_request_stat = 1;
+    if(status.interrupt_enable_stat) status.halt = false;
+  }
+
+  if(id == Interrupt::Timer) {
+    status.interrupt_request_timer = 1;
+    if(status.interrupt_enable_timer) status.halt = false;
+  }
+
+  if(id == Interrupt::Serial) {
+    status.interrupt_request_serial = 1;
+    if(status.interrupt_enable_serial) status.halt = false;
+  }
+
+  if(id == Interrupt::Joypad) {
+    status.interrupt_request_joypad = 1;
+    if(status.interrupt_enable_joypad) status.halt = status.stop = false;
   }
-  status.halt = false;
 }
 
 void CPU::interrupt_test() {
diff --git a/bsnes/gameboy/cpu/cpu.hpp b/bsnes/gameboy/cpu/cpu.hpp
index d84568b2..9c98e22d 100755
--- a/bsnes/gameboy/cpu/cpu.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/gameboy/cpu/cpu.hpp
@@ -72,4 +72,4 @@ struct CPU : Processor, MMIO {
   CPU();
 };
 
-extern  CPU cpu;
+extern CPU cpu;
diff --git a/bsnes/gameboy/gameboy.hpp b/bsnes/gameboy/gameboy.hpp
index b4f96e9b..7fde53b1 100755
--- a/bsnes/gameboy/gameboy.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/gameboy/gameboy.hpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 namespace GameBoy {
   namespace Info {
     static const char Name[] = "bgameboy";
-    static const char Version[] = "000.11";
+    static const char Version[] = "000.12";
     static unsigned SerializerVersion = 1;
   }
 }
@@ -51,5 +51,6 @@ namespace GameBoy {
   #include <gameboy/scheduler/scheduler.hpp>
   #include <gameboy/cartridge/cartridge.hpp>
   #include <gameboy/cpu/cpu.hpp>
+  #include <gameboy/apu/apu.hpp>
   #include <gameboy/lcd/lcd.hpp>
 };
diff --git a/bsnes/gameboy/system/serialization.cpp b/bsnes/gameboy/system/serialization.cpp
index 438f3374..c61b1593 100755
--- a/bsnes/gameboy/system/serialization.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/gameboy/system/serialization.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ void System::serialize_all(serializer &s) {
   cartridge.serialize(s);
   system.serialize(s);
   cpu.serialize(s);
+  apu.serialize(s);
   lcd.serialize(s);
 }
 
diff --git a/bsnes/gameboy/system/system.cpp b/bsnes/gameboy/system/system.cpp
index 29ac155f..789ca598 100755
--- a/bsnes/gameboy/system/system.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/gameboy/system/system.cpp
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ void System::power() {
   bus.power();
   cartridge.power();
   cpu.power();
+  apu.power();
   lcd.power();
   scheduler.init();
 
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/string/base.hpp b/bsnes/nall/string/base.hpp
index f2e307c0..f39ab81b 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/string/base.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/string/base.hpp
@@ -145,10 +145,15 @@ namespace nall {
   inline unsigned strlcpy(string &dest, const char *src, unsigned length);
   inline unsigned strlcat(string &dest, const char *src, unsigned length);
   inline string substr(const char *src, unsigned start = 0, unsigned length = 0);
-  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = '0'> inline string hex(uintmax_t value);
-  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = '0'> inline string integer(intmax_t value);
-  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = '0'> inline string decimal(uintmax_t value);
-  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = '0'> inline string binary(uintmax_t value);
+
+  inline string integer(intmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0> inline string linteger(intmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0> inline string rinteger(intmax_t value);
+  inline string decimal(uintmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0> inline string ldecimal(uintmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0> inline string rdecimal(uintmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0> inline string hex(uintmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0> inline string binary(uintmax_t value);
   inline unsigned fp(char *str, double value);
   inline string fp(double value);
 
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/string/utility.hpp b/bsnes/nall/string/utility.hpp
index 779e6c7d..ade04727 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/string/utility.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/string/utility.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,151 @@ string substr(const char *src, unsigned start, unsigned length) {
 
 /* arithmetic <> string */
 
-template<unsigned length, char padding> string hex(uintmax_t value) {
+string integer(intmax_t value) {
+  bool negative = value < 0;
+  if(negative) value = abs(value);
+
+  char buffer[64];
+  unsigned size = 0;
+
+  do {
+    unsigned n = value % 10;
+    buffer[size++] = '0' + n;
+    value /= 10;
+  } while(value);
+  buffer[size++] = negative ? '-' : '+';
+  buffer[size] = 0;
+
+  char result[size + 1];
+  memset(result, '0', size);
+  result[size] = 0;
+
+  for(signed x = size - 1, y = 0; x >= 0 && y < size; x--, y++) {
+    result[x] = buffer[y];
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+template<unsigned length> string linteger(intmax_t value) {
+  bool negative = value < 0;
+  if(negative) value = abs(value);
+
+  char buffer[64];
+  unsigned size = 0;
+
+  do {
+    unsigned n = value % 10;
+    buffer[size++] = '0' + n;
+    value /= 10;
+  } while(value);
+  buffer[size++] = negative ? '-' : '+';
+  buffer[size] = 0;
+
+  char result[length + 1];
+  memset(result, ' ', length);
+  result[length] = 0;
+
+  for(signed x = 0, y = size - 1; x < length && y >= 0; x++, y--) {
+    result[x] = buffer[y];
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+template<unsigned length> string rinteger(intmax_t value) {
+  bool negative = value < 0;
+  if(negative) value = abs(value);
+
+  char buffer[64];
+  unsigned size = 0;
+
+  do {
+    unsigned n = value % 10;
+    buffer[size++] = '0' + n;
+    value /= 10;
+  } while(value);
+  buffer[size++] = negative ? '-' : '+';
+  buffer[size] = 0;
+
+  char result[length + 1];
+  memset(result, ' ', length);
+  result[length] = 0;
+
+  for(signed x = length - 1, y = 0; x >= 0 && y < size; x--, y++) {
+    result[x] = buffer[y];
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+string decimal(uintmax_t value) {
+  char buffer[64];
+  unsigned size = 0;
+
+  do {
+    unsigned n = value % 10;
+    buffer[size++] = '0' + n;
+    value /= 10;
+  } while(value);
+  buffer[size] = 0;
+
+  char result[size + 1];
+  memset(result, '0', size);
+  result[size] = 0;
+
+  for(signed x = size - 1, y = 0; x >= 0 && y < size; x--, y++) {
+    result[x] = buffer[y];
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+template<unsigned length> string ldecimal(uintmax_t value) {
+  char buffer[64];
+  unsigned size = 0;
+
+  do {
+    unsigned n = value % 10;
+    buffer[size++] = '0' + n;
+    value /= 10;
+  } while(value);
+  buffer[size] = 0;
+
+  char result[length + 1];
+  memset(result, ' ', length);
+  result[length] = 0;
+
+  for(signed x = 0, y = size - 1; x < length && y >= 0; x++, y--) {
+    result[x] = buffer[y];
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+template<unsigned length> string rdecimal(uintmax_t value) {
+  char buffer[64];
+  unsigned size = 0;
+
+  do {
+    unsigned n = value % 10;
+    buffer[size++] = '0' + n;
+    value /= 10;
+  } while(value);
+  buffer[size] = 0;
+
+  char result[length + 1];
+  memset(result, ' ', length);
+  result[length] = 0;
+
+  for(signed x = length - 1, y = 0; x >= 0 && y < size; x--, y++) {
+    result[x] = buffer[y];
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+template<unsigned length> string hex(uintmax_t value) {
   string output;
   unsigned offset = 0;
 
@@ -38,7 +182,7 @@ template<unsigned length, char padding> string hex(uintmax_t value) {
     value >>= 4;
   } while(value);
 
-  while(offset < length) output[offset++] = padding;
+  while(offset < length) output[offset++] = '0';
   output[offset--] = 0;
 
   //reverse the string in-place
@@ -51,55 +195,7 @@ template<unsigned length, char padding> string hex(uintmax_t value) {
   return output;
 }
 
-template<unsigned length, char padding> string integer(intmax_t value) {
-  string output;
-  unsigned offset = 0;
-
-  bool negative = value < 0;
-  if(negative) value = abs(value);
-
-  do {
-    unsigned n = value % 10;
-    output[offset++] = '0' + n;
-    value /= 10;
-  } while(value);
-
-  while(offset < length) output[offset++] = padding;
-  if(negative) output[offset++] = '-';
-  output[offset--] = 0;
-
-  for(unsigned i = 0; i < (offset + 1) >> 1; i++) {
-    char temp = output[i];
-    output[i] = output[offset - i];
-    output[offset - i] = temp;
-  }
-
-  return output;
-}
-
-template<unsigned length, char padding> string decimal(uintmax_t value) {
-  string output;
-  unsigned offset = 0;
-
-  do {
-    unsigned n = value % 10;
-    output[offset++] = '0' + n;
-    value /= 10;
-  } while(value);
-
-  while(offset < length) output[offset++] = padding;
-  output[offset--] = 0;
-
-  for(unsigned i = 0; i < (offset + 1) >> 1; i++) {
-    char temp = output[i];
-    output[i] = output[offset - i];
-    output[offset - i] = temp;
-  }
-
-  return output;
-}
-
-template<unsigned length, char padding> string binary(uintmax_t value) {
+template<unsigned length> string binary(uintmax_t value) {
   string output;
   unsigned offset = 0;
 
@@ -109,7 +205,7 @@ template<unsigned length, char padding> string binary(uintmax_t value) {
     value >>= 1;
   } while(value);
 
-  while(offset < length) output[offset++] = padding;
+  while(offset < length) output[offset++] = '0';
   output[offset--] = 0;
 
   for(unsigned i = 0; i < (offset + 1) >> 1; i++) {
diff --git a/bsnes/snes/snes.hpp b/bsnes/snes/snes.hpp
index 4cdf3922..7970a041 100755
--- a/bsnes/snes/snes.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/snes/snes.hpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 namespace SNES {
   namespace Info {
     static const char Name[] = "bsnes";
-    static const char Version[] = "074.07";
+    static const char Version[] = "074.08";
     static const unsigned SerializerVersion = 17;
   }
 }
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/interface.cpp b/bsnes/ui/interface.cpp
index 143c6048..5ee935cf 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/interface.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/interface.cpp
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ void Interface::video_refresh(const uint16_t *data, unsigned width, unsigned hei
     video.refresh();
   }
 
-  static signed frameCounter = 0;
+  static unsigned frameCounter = 0;
   static time_t previous, current;
   frameCounter++;
 
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/tools/cheat-editor.cpp b/bsnes/ui/tools/cheat-editor.cpp
index a1ca04f2..7e87b7cb 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/tools/cheat-editor.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/tools/cheat-editor.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ void CheatEditor::load(string filename) {
   cheatList.reset();
   for(unsigned i = 0; i < 128; i++) {
     cheatList.addItem("");
-    cheatText[i][CheatSlot] = decimal<3, ' '>(i + 1);
+    cheatText[i][CheatSlot] = rdecimal<3>(i + 1);
     cheatText[i][CheatCode] = "";
     cheatText[i][CheatDesc] = "";
   }
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/tools/state-manager.cpp b/bsnes/ui/tools/state-manager.cpp
index d9942063..1438a261 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/tools/state-manager.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/tools/state-manager.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void StateManager::synchronize() {
 void StateManager::refresh() {
   for(unsigned i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
     stateList.setItem(i, { 
-      decimal<2, ' '>(i + 1), "\t",
+      rdecimal<2>(i + 1), "\t",
       slotLoadDescription(i)
     });
   }