diff --git a/bsnes/gameboy/cartridge/cartridge.cpp b/bsnes/gameboy/cartridge/cartridge.cpp
index 7370dc60..085f5c5a 100755
--- a/bsnes/gameboy/cartridge/cartridge.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/gameboy/cartridge/cartridge.cpp
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ void Cartridge::load(System::Revision revision, const string &markup, const uint
   info.rtc = document["cartridge"]["rtc"].data == "true";
   info.rumble = document["cartridge"]["rumble"].data == "true";
 
-  info.romsize = hex(document["cartridge"]["rom"]["size"].data);
-  info.ramsize = hex(document["cartridge"]["ram"]["size"].data);
+  info.romsize = numeral(document["cartridge"]["rom"]["size"].data);
+  info.ramsize = numeral(document["cartridge"]["ram"]["size"].data);
   info.battery = document["cartridge"]["ram"]["battery"].data == "true";
 
   switch(info.mapper) { default:
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/any.hpp b/bsnes/nall/any.hpp
index b31cff3c..fc577957 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/any.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/any.hpp
@@ -2,17 +2,15 @@
 #define NALL_ANY_HPP
 
 #include <typeinfo>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <nall/static.hpp>
+#include <nall/type_traits.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
-  class any {
-  public:
+  struct any {
     bool empty() const { return container; }
     const std::type_info& type() const { return container ? container->type() : typeid(void); }
 
     template<typename T> any& operator=(const T& value_) {
-      typedef typename static_if<
+      typedef typename type_if<
         std::is_array<T>::value,
         typename std::remove_extent<typename std::add_const<T>::type>::type*,
         T
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/array.hpp b/bsnes/nall/array.hpp
index d722e597..cf376e54 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/array.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/array.hpp
@@ -4,143 +4,286 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <initializer_list>
-#include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 #include <nall/algorithm.hpp>
 #include <nall/bit.hpp>
+#include <nall/sort.hpp>
+#include <nall/type_traits.hpp>
 #include <nall/utility.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
-  //dynamic vector array
-  //neither constructor nor destructor is ever invoked;
-  //thus, this should only be used for POD objects.
-  template<typename T> class array {
-  protected:
-    T *pool;
-    unsigned poolsize, buffersize;
 
-  public:
-    unsigned size() const { return buffersize; }
-    unsigned capacity() const { return poolsize; }
+template<typename T, typename Enable = void> struct array;
 
-    void reset() {
-      if(pool) free(pool);
-      pool = nullptr;
-      poolsize = 0;
-      buffersize = 0;
+//non-reference array
+//===================
+
+template<typename T> struct array<T, typename std::enable_if<!std::is_reference<T>::value>::type> {
+  struct exception_out_of_bounds{};
+
+protected:
+  T *pool;
+  unsigned poolsize, objectsize;
+
+public:
+  unsigned size() const { return objectsize; }
+  unsigned capacity() const { return poolsize; }
+
+  void reset() {
+    if(pool) free(pool);
+    pool = nullptr;
+    poolsize = 0;
+    objectsize = 0;
+  }
+
+  void reserve(unsigned newsize) {
+    if(newsize == poolsize) return;
+
+    pool = (T*)realloc(pool, newsize * sizeof(T));
+    poolsize = newsize;
+    objectsize = min(objectsize, newsize);
+  }
+
+  void resize(unsigned newsize) {
+    if(newsize > poolsize) reserve(bit::round(newsize));  //round reserve size up to power of 2
+    objectsize = newsize;
+  }
+
+  T* get(unsigned minsize = 0) {
+    if(minsize > objectsize) resize(minsize);
+    return pool;
+  }
+
+  void append(const T data) {
+    operator()(objectsize) = data;
+  }
+
+  void append(const T data[], unsigned length) {
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) operator()(objectsize) = data[n];
+  }
+
+  void remove() {
+    if(size > 0) resize(size - 1);  //remove last element only
+  }
+
+  void remove(unsigned index, unsigned count = 1) {
+    for(unsigned i = index; count + i < objectsize; i++) {
+      pool[i] = pool[count + i];
     }
+    if(count + index >= objectsize) resize(index);  //every element >= index was removed
+    else resize(objectsize - count);
+  }
 
-    void reserve(unsigned newsize) {
-      if(newsize == poolsize) return;
+  void sort() {
+    nall::sort(pool, objectsize);
+  }
 
-      pool = (T*)realloc(pool, newsize * sizeof(T));
-      poolsize = newsize;
-      buffersize = min(buffersize, newsize);
+  template<typename Comparator> void sort(const Comparator &lessthan) {
+    nall::sort(pool, objectsize, lessthan);
+  }
+
+  optional<unsigned> find(const T data) {
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < size(); n++) if(pool[n] == data) return { true, n };
+    return { false, 0u };
+  }
+
+  void clear() {
+    memset(pool, 0, objectsize * sizeof(T));
+  }
+
+  array() : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), objectsize(0) {
+  }
+
+  array(std::initializer_list<T> list) : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), objectsize(0) {
+    for(auto &data : list) append(data);
+  }
+
+  ~array() {
+    reset();
+  }
+
+  //copy
+  array& operator=(const array &source) {
+    if(pool) free(pool);
+    objectsize = source.objectsize;
+    poolsize = source.poolsize;
+    pool = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * poolsize);            //allocate entire pool size,
+    memcpy(pool, source.pool, sizeof(T) * objectsize);  //... but only copy used pool objects
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  array(const array &source) : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), objectsize(0) {
+    operator=(source);
+  }
+
+  //move
+  array& operator=(array &&source) {
+    if(pool) free(pool);
+    pool = source.pool;
+    poolsize = source.poolsize;
+    objectsize = source.objectsize;
+    source.pool = nullptr;
+    source.reset();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  array(array &&source) : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), objectsize(0) {
+    operator=(std::move(source));
+  }
+
+  //access
+  inline T& operator[](unsigned position) {
+    if(position >= objectsize) throw exception_out_of_bounds();
+    return pool[position];
+  }
+
+  inline const T& operator[](unsigned position) const {
+    if(position >= objectsize) throw exception_out_of_bounds();
+    return pool[position];
+  }
+
+  inline T& operator()(unsigned position) {
+    if(position >= objectsize) resize(position + 1);
+    return pool[position];
+  }
+
+  inline const T& operator()(unsigned position, const T& data) {
+    if(position >= objectsize) return data;
+    return pool[position];
+  }
+
+  //iteration
+  T* begin() { return &pool[0]; }
+  T* end() { return &pool[objectsize]; }
+  const T* begin() const { return &pool[0]; }
+  const T* end() const { return &pool[objectsize]; }
+};
+
+//reference array
+//===============
+
+template<typename TR> struct array<TR, typename std::enable_if<std::is_reference<TR>::value>::type> {
+  struct exception_out_of_bounds{};
+
+protected:
+  typedef typename std::remove_reference<TR>::type T;
+  T **pool;
+  unsigned poolsize, objectsize;
+
+public:
+  unsigned size() const { return objectsize; }
+  unsigned capacity() const { return poolsize; }
+
+  void reset() {
+    if(pool) free(pool);
+    pool = nullptr;
+    poolsize = 0;
+    objectsize = 0;
+  }
+
+  void reserve(unsigned newsize) {
+    if(newsize == poolsize) return;
+
+    pool = (T**)realloc(pool, sizeof(T*) * newsize);
+    poolsize = newsize;
+    objectsize = min(objectsize, newsize);
+  }
+
+  void resize(unsigned newsize) {
+    if(newsize > poolsize) reserve(bit::round(newsize));
+    objectsize = newsize;
+  }
+
+  template<typename... Args>
+  bool append(T& data, Args&&... args) {
+    bool result = append(data);
+    append(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  bool append(T& data) {
+    if(find(data)) return false;
+    unsigned offset = objectsize++;
+    if(offset >= poolsize) resize(offset + 1);
+    pool[offset] = &data;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool remove(T& data) {
+    if(auto position = find(data)) {
+      for(signed i = position(); i < objectsize - 1; i++) pool[i] = pool[i + 1];
+      resize(objectsize - 1);
+      return true;
     }
+    return false;
+  }
 
-    void resize(unsigned newsize) {
-      if(newsize > poolsize) reserve(bit::round(newsize));  //round reserve size up to power of 2
-      buffersize = newsize;
-    }
+  optional<unsigned> find(const T& data) {
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < objectsize; n++) if(pool[n] == &data) return { true, n };
+    return { false, 0u };
+  }
 
-    T* get(unsigned minsize = 0) {
-      if(minsize > buffersize) resize(minsize);
-      if(minsize > buffersize) throw "array[] out of bounds";
-      return pool;
-    }
+  template<typename... Args> array(Args&&... args) : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), objectsize(0) {
+    construct(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
 
-    void append(const T data) {
-      operator[](buffersize) = data;
-    }
+  ~array() {
+    reset();
+  }
 
-    void append(const T data[], unsigned length) {
-      for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) operator[](buffersize) = data[n];
-    }
+  array& operator=(const array &source) {
+    if(pool) free(pool);
+    objectsize = source.objectsize;
+    poolsize = source.poolsize;
+    pool = (T**)malloc(sizeof(T*) * poolsize);
+    memcpy(pool, source.pool, sizeof(T*) * objectsize);
+    return *this;
+  }
 
-    void remove() {
-      if(size > 0) resize(size - 1);  //remove last element only
-    }
+  array& operator=(const array &&source) {
+    if(pool) free(pool);
+    pool = source.pool;
+    poolsize = source.poolsize;
+    objectsize = source.objectsize;
+    source.pool = nullptr;
+    source.reset();
+    return *this;
+  }
 
-    void remove(unsigned index, unsigned count = 1) {
-      for(unsigned i = index; count + i < buffersize; i++) {
-        pool[i] = pool[count + i];
-      }
-      if(count + index >= buffersize) resize(index);  //every element >= index was removed
-      else resize(buffersize - count);
-    }
+  T& operator[](unsigned position) const {
+    if(position >= objectsize) throw exception_out_of_bounds();
+    return *pool[position];
+  }
 
-    optional<unsigned> find(const T data) {
-      for(unsigned i = 0; i < size(); i++) if(pool[i] == data) return { true, i };
-      return { false, 0 };
-    }
-
-    void clear() {
-      memset(pool, 0, buffersize * sizeof(T));
-    }
-
-    array() : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), buffersize(0) {
-    }
-
-    array(std::initializer_list<T> list) : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), buffersize(0) {
-      for(const T *p = list.begin(); p != list.end(); ++p) append(*p);
-    }
-
-    ~array() {
-      reset();
-    }
-
-    //copy
-    array& operator=(const array &source) {
-      if(pool) free(pool);
-      buffersize = source.buffersize;
-      poolsize = source.poolsize;
-      pool = (T*)malloc(sizeof(T) * poolsize);            //allocate entire pool size,
-      memcpy(pool, source.pool, sizeof(T) * buffersize);  //... but only copy used pool objects
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    array(const array &source) : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), buffersize(0) {
-      operator=(source);
-    }
-
-    //move
-    array& operator=(array &&source) {
-      if(pool) free(pool);
-      pool = source.pool;
-      poolsize = source.poolsize;
-      buffersize = source.buffersize;
-      source.pool = nullptr;
-      source.reset();
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    array(array &&source) : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), buffersize(0) {
-      operator=(std::move(source));
-    }
-
-    //access
-    inline T& operator[](unsigned position) {
-      if(position >= buffersize) resize(position + 1);
-      if(position >= buffersize) throw "array[] out of bounds";
-      return pool[position];
-    }
-
-    inline const T& operator[](unsigned position) const {
-      if(position >= buffersize) throw "array[] out of bounds";
-      return pool[position];
-    }
-
-    inline const T& operator()(unsigned position, const T& data) {
-      if(position >= buffersize) return data;
-      return pool[position];
-    }
-
-    //iteration
-    T* begin() { return &pool[0]; }
-    T* end() { return &pool[buffersize]; }
-    const T* begin() const { return &pool[0]; }
-    const T* end() const { return &pool[buffersize]; }
+  //iteration
+  struct iterator {
+    bool operator!=(const iterator &source) const { return position != source.position; }
+    T& operator*() { return source.operator[](position); }
+    iterator& operator++() { position++; return *this; }
+    iterator(const array &source, unsigned position) : source(source), position(position) {}
+  private:
+    const array &source;
+    unsigned position;
   };
+
+  iterator begin() { return iterator(*this, 0); }
+  iterator end() { return iterator(*this, objectsize); }
+  const iterator begin() const { return iterator(*this, 0); }
+  const iterator end() const { return iterator(*this, objectsize); }
+
+private:
+  void construct() {
+  }
+
+  void construct(const array& source) { operator=(source); }
+  void construct(const array&& source) { operator=(std::move(source)); }
+
+  template<typename... Args> void construct(T& data, Args&&... args) {
+    append(data);
+    construct(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+};
+
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/atoi.hpp b/bsnes/nall/atoi.hpp
index cec3e72d..ac58b8ab 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/atoi.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/atoi.hpp
@@ -79,6 +79,19 @@ constexpr inline uintmax_t hex(const char *s) {
   );
 }
 
+constexpr inline intmax_t numeral(const char *s) {
+  return (
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'X' ? hex_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'x' ? hex_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'B' ? binary_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'b' ? binary_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '0' ? octal_(s + 1) :
+    *s == '+' ? +decimal_(s + 1) :
+    *s == '-' ? -decimal_(s + 1) :
+    decimal_(s)
+  );
+}
+
 inline double fp(const char *s) {
   return atof(s);
 }
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/config.hpp b/bsnes/nall/config.hpp
index 0ce259d6..94be7dc1 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/config.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/config.hpp
@@ -53,21 +53,18 @@ namespace nall {
         }
       }
     };
-    linear_vector<item_t> list;
+    vector<item_t> list;
 
     template<typename T>
     inline void append(T &data, const char *name, const char *desc = "") {
-      unsigned n = list.size();
-      list[n].data = (uintptr_t)&data;
-      list[n].name = name;
-      list[n].desc = desc;
-
-      if(configuration_traits::is_boolean<T>::value) list[n].type = boolean_t;
-      else if(configuration_traits::is_signed<T>::value) list[n].type = signed_t;
-      else if(configuration_traits::is_unsigned<T>::value) list[n].type = unsigned_t;
-      else if(configuration_traits::is_double<T>::value) list[n].type = double_t;
-      else if(configuration_traits::is_string<T>::value) list[n].type = string_t;
-      else list[n].type = unknown_t;
+      item_t item = { (uintptr_t)&data, name, desc };
+      if(configuration_traits::is_boolean<T>::value) item.type = boolean_t;
+      else if(configuration_traits::is_signed<T>::value) item.type = signed_t;
+      else if(configuration_traits::is_unsigned<T>::value) item.type = unsigned_t;
+      else if(configuration_traits::is_double<T>::value) item.type = double_t;
+      else if(configuration_traits::is_string<T>::value) item.type = string_t;
+      else item.type = unknown_t;
+      list.append(item);
     }
 
     //deprecated
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/directory.hpp b/bsnes/nall/directory.hpp
index 31ca1e05..ff439803 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/directory.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/directory.hpp
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ struct directory {
       }
       FindClose(handle);
     }
-    if(list.size() > 0) sort(&list[0], list.size());
+    if(list.size() > 0) list.sort();
     for(auto &name : list) name.append("/");  //must append after sorting
     return list;
   }
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ struct directory {
       }
       FindClose(handle);
     }
-    if(list.size() > 0) sort(&list[0], list.size());
+    if(list.size() > 0) list.sort();
     return list;
   }
 
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ struct directory {
       }
       closedir(dp);
     }
-    if(list.size() > 0) sort(&list[0], list.size());
+    if(list.size() > 0) list.sort();
     for(auto &name : list) name.append("/");  //must append after sorting
     return list;
   }
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ struct directory {
       }
       closedir(dp);
     }
-    if(list.size() > 0) sort(&list[0], list.size());
+    if(list.size() > 0) list.sort();
     return list;
   }
 
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/image.hpp b/bsnes/nall/image.hpp
index 683b59e4..92870d3f 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/image.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/image.hpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ struct image {
   inline image(const image &source);
   inline image(image &&source);
   inline image(bool endian, unsigned depth, uint64_t alphaMask, uint64_t redMask, uint64_t greenMask, uint64_t blueMask);
+  inline image();
   inline ~image();
 
   inline uint64_t read(const uint8_t *data) const;
@@ -142,6 +143,20 @@ image::image(bool endian, unsigned depth, uint64_t alphaMask, uint64_t redMask,
   blue.depth = bitDepth(blue.mask), blue.shift = bitShift(blue.mask);
 }
 
+image::image() : data(nullptr) {
+  width = 0, height = 0, pitch = 0;
+
+  this->endian = 0;
+  this->depth = 32;
+  this->stride = 4;
+
+  alpha.mask = 255u << 24, red.mask = 255u << 16, green.mask = 255u << 8, blue.mask = 255u << 0;
+  alpha.depth = bitDepth(alpha.mask), alpha.shift = bitShift(alpha.mask);
+  red.depth = bitDepth(red.mask), red.shift = bitShift(red.mask);
+  green.depth = bitDepth(green.mask), green.shift = bitShift(green.mask);
+  blue.depth = bitDepth(blue.mask), blue.shift = bitShift(blue.mask);
+}
+
 image::~image() {
   free();
 }
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/map.hpp b/bsnes/nall/map.hpp
index 4e6bc204..84709781 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/map.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/map.hpp
@@ -12,51 +12,74 @@ struct map {
     RHS data;
   };
 
-  void reset() {
+  inline void reset() {
     list.reset();
   }
 
-  unsigned size() const {
+  inline unsigned size() const {
     return list.size();
   }
 
-  //O(n)
-  void append(const LHS &name, const RHS &data) {
+  //O(log n) find
+  inline optional<unsigned> find(const LHS &name) const {
+    signed first = 0, last = size() - 1;
+    while(first <= last) {
+      signed middle = (first + last) / 2;
+           if(name < list[middle].name) last  = middle - 1;  //search lower half
+      else if(list[middle].name < name) first = middle + 1;  //search upper half
+      else return { true, middle };                          //match found
+    }
+    return { false, 0u };
+  }
+
+  //O(n) insert + O(log n) find
+  inline RHS& insert(const LHS &name, const RHS &data) {
+    if(auto position = find(name)) {
+      list[position()].data = data;
+      return list[position()].data;
+    }
     signed offset = size();
     for(unsigned n = 0; n < size(); n++) {
       if(name < list[n].name) { offset = n; break; }
     }
     list.insert(offset, { name, data });
+    return list[offset].data;
   }
 
-  //O(log n)
-  RHS& operator[](const LHS &name) {
-    signed first = 0, last = size() - 1;
-    while(first <= last) {
-      signed middle = (first + last) / 2;
-           if(name < list[middle].name) last  = middle - 1;  //search lower half
-      else if(name > list[middle].name) first = middle + 1;  //search upper half
-      else return list[middle].data;                         //match found
-    }
+  //O(log n) find
+  inline void modify(const LHS &name, const RHS &data) {
+    if(auto position = find(name)) list[position()].data = data;
+  }
+
+  //O(n) remove + O(log n) find
+  inline void remove(const LHS &name) {
+    if(auto position = find(name)) list.remove(position());
+  }
+
+  //O(log n) find
+  inline RHS& operator[](const LHS &name) {
+    if(auto position = find(name)) return list[position()].data;
     throw;
   }
 
-  //O(log n) nothrow
-  const RHS& operator()(const LHS &name, const RHS &data) {
-    signed first = 0, last = size() - 1;
-    while(first <= last) {
-      signed middle = (first + last) / 2;
-           if(name < list[middle].name) last  = middle - 1;  //search lower half
-      else if(name > list[middle].name) first = middle + 1;  //search upper half
-      else return list[middle].data;                         //match found
-    }
+  inline const RHS& operator[](const LHS &name) const {
+    if(auto position = find(name)) return list[position()].data;
+    throw;
+  }
+
+  inline RHS& operator()(const LHS &name) {
+    return insert(name, RHS());
+  }
+
+  inline const RHS& operator()(const LHS &name, const RHS &data) const {
+    if(auto position = find(name)) return list[position()].data;
     return data;
   }
 
-  pair* begin() { return list.begin(); }
-  pair* end() { return list.end(); }
-  const pair* begin() const { return list.begin(); }
-  const pair* end() const { return list.end(); }
+  inline pair* begin() { return list.begin(); }
+  inline pair* end() { return list.end(); }
+  inline const pair* begin() const { return list.begin(); }
+  inline const pair* end() const { return list.end(); }
 
 protected:
   vector<pair> list;
@@ -64,22 +87,28 @@ protected:
 
 template<typename LHS, typename RHS>
 struct bidirectional_map {
-  map<LHS, RHS> lhs;
-  map<RHS, LHS> rhs;
+  const map<LHS, RHS> &lhs;
+  const map<RHS, LHS> &rhs;
 
-  void reset() {
-    lhs.reset();
-    rhs.reset();
+  inline void reset() {
+    llist.reset();
+    rlist.reset();
   }
 
-  unsigned size() const {
-    return lhs.size();
+  inline unsigned size() const {
+    return llist.size();
   }
 
-  void append(const LHS &ldata, const RHS &rdata) {
-    lhs.append(ldata, rdata);
-    rhs.append(rdata, ldata);
+  inline void insert(const LHS &ldata, const RHS &rdata) {
+    llist.insert(ldata, rdata);
+    rlist.insert(rdata, ldata);
   }
+
+  inline bidirectional_map() : lhs(llist), rhs(rlist) {}
+
+protected:
+  map<LHS, RHS> llist;
+  map<RHS, LHS> rlist;
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/resource.hpp b/bsnes/nall/resource.hpp
deleted file mode 100755
index f8fd5153..00000000
--- a/bsnes/nall/resource.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef NALL_RESOURCE_HPP
-#define NALL_RESOURCE_HPP
-
-#include <nall/file.hpp>
-#include <nall/zip.hpp>
-
-namespace nall {
-
-struct resource {
-  //create resource with "zip -9 resource.zip resource"
-  static bool encode(const char *outputFilename, const char *inputFilename) {
-    file fp;
-    if(fp.open(inputFilename, file::mode::read) == false) return false;
-    unsigned size = fp.size();
-    uint8_t *data = new uint8_t[size];
-    fp.read(data, size);
-    fp.close();
-
-    fp.open(outputFilename, file::mode::write);
-    fp.print("static const uint8_t data[", size, "] = {\n");
-    uint8_t *p = data;
-    while(size) {
-      fp.print("  ");
-      for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32 && size; n++, size--) {
-        fp.print((unsigned)*p++, ",");
-      }
-      fp.print("\n");
-    }
-    fp.print("};\n");
-    fp.close();
-
-    delete[] data;
-  }
-
-  uint8_t *data;
-  unsigned size;
-
-  //extract first file from ZIP archive
-  bool decode(const uint8_t *cdata, unsigned csize) {
-    if(data) delete[] data;
-
-    zip archive;
-    if(archive.open(cdata, csize) == false) return false;
-    if(archive.file.size() == 0) return false;
-    bool result = archive.extract(archive.file[0], data, size);
-    archive.close();
-
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  resource() : data(0), size(0) {
-  }
-
-  ~resource() {
-    if(data) delete[] data;
-  }
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/sort.hpp b/bsnes/nall/sort.hpp
index 3bd6dc59..36d91865 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/sort.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/sort.hpp
@@ -11,53 +11,67 @@
 //stack:   O(log n)
 //stable?: yes
 
-//notes:
-//there are two primary reasons for choosing merge sort
-//over the (usually) faster quick sort*:
-//1: it is a stable sort.
-//2: it lacks O(n^2) worst-case overhead.
-//(* which is also O(n log n) in the average case.)
+//note: merge sort was chosen over quick sort, because:
+//* it is a stable sort
+//* it lacks O(n^2) worst-case overhead
+
+#define NALL_SORT_INSERTION
+//#define NALL_SORT_SELECTION
 
 namespace nall {
-  template<typename T>
-  void sort(T list[], unsigned length) {
-    if(length <= 1) return;  //nothing to sort
+  template<typename T, typename Comparator>
+  void sort(T list[], unsigned size, const Comparator &lessthan) {
+    if(size <= 1) return;  //nothing to sort
 
     //use insertion sort to quickly sort smaller blocks
-    if(length < 64) {
-      for(unsigned i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+    if(size < 64) {
+      #if defined(NALL_SORT_INSERTION)
+      for(signed i = 1, j; i < size; i++) {
+        T copy = std::move(list[i]);
+        for(j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+          if(lessthan(list[j], copy)) break;
+          list[j + 1] = std::move(list[j]);
+        }
+        list[j + 1] = std::move(copy);
+      }
+      #elif defined(NALL_SORT_SELECTION)
+      for(unsigned i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         unsigned min = i;
-        for(unsigned j = i + 1; j < length; j++) {
-          if(list[j] < list[min]) min = j;
+        for(unsigned j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {
+          if(lessthan(list[j], list[min])) min = j;
         }
         if(min != i) std::swap(list[i], list[min]);
       }
+      #endif
       return;
     }
 
     //split list in half and recursively sort both
-    unsigned middle = length / 2;
-    sort(list, middle);
-    sort(list + middle, length - middle);
+    unsigned middle = size / 2;
+    sort(list, middle, lessthan);
+    sort(list + middle, size - middle, lessthan);
 
     //left and right are sorted here; perform merge sort
-    T *buffer = new T[length];
-    unsigned offset = 0;
-    unsigned left   = 0;
-    unsigned right  = middle;
-    while(left < middle && right < length) {
-      if(list[left] < list[right]) {
-        buffer[offset++] = list[left++];
+    T *buffer = new T[size];
+    unsigned offset = 0, left = 0, right = middle;
+    while(left < middle && right < size) {
+      if(lessthan(list[left], list[right])) {
+        buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[left++]);
       } else {
-        buffer[offset++] = list[right++];
+        buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[right++]);
       }
     }
-    while(left  < middle) buffer[offset++] = list[left++];
-    while(right < length) buffer[offset++] = list[right++];
+    while(left < middle) buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[left++]);
+    while(right < size)  buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[right++]);
 
-    for(unsigned i = 0; i < length; i++) list[i] = buffer[i];
+    for(unsigned i = 0; i < size; i++) list[i] = std::move(buffer[i]);
     delete[] buffer;
   }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  void sort(T list[], unsigned size) {
+    return sort(list, size, [](const T &l, const T &r) { return l < r; });
+  }
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/stack.hpp b/bsnes/nall/stack.hpp
deleted file mode 100755
index fe8e16a1..00000000
--- a/bsnes/nall/stack.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef NALL_STACK_HPP
-#define NALL_STACK_HPP
-
-#include <nall/vector.hpp>
-
-namespace nall {
-  template<typename T> struct stack : public linear_vector<T> {
-    void push(const T &value) {
-      linear_vector<T>::append(value);
-    }
-
-    T pull() {
-      if(linear_vector<T>::size() == 0) throw;
-      T value = linear_vector<T>::operator[](linear_vector<T>::size() - 1);
-      linear_vector<T>::remove(linear_vector<T>::size() - 1);
-      return value;
-    }
-
-    T& operator()() {
-      if(linear_vector<T>::size() == 0) throw;
-      return linear_vector<T>::operator[](linear_vector<T>::size() - 1);
-    }
-  };
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/static.hpp b/bsnes/nall/static.hpp
deleted file mode 100755
index 4acb9fd0..00000000
--- a/bsnes/nall/static.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef NALL_STATIC_HPP
-#define NALL_STATIC_HPP
-
-namespace nall {
-  template<bool C, typename T, typename F> struct static_if { typedef T type; };
-  template<typename T, typename F> struct static_if<false, T, F> { typedef F type; };
-  template<typename C, typename T, typename F> struct mp_static_if { typedef typename static_if<C::type, T, F>::type type; };
-
-  template<bool A, bool B> struct static_and { enum { value = false }; };
-  template<> struct static_and<true, true> { enum { value = true }; };
-  template<typename A, typename B> struct mp_static_and { enum { value = static_and<A::value, B::value>::value }; };
-
-  template<bool A, bool B> struct static_or { enum { value = false }; };
-  template<> struct static_or<false, true> { enum { value = true }; };
-  template<> struct static_or<true, false> { enum { value = true }; };
-  template<> struct static_or<true, true> { enum { value = true }; };
-  template<typename A, typename B> struct mp_static_or { enum { value = static_or<A::value, B::value>::value }; };
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/stdint.hpp b/bsnes/nall/stdint.hpp
index d8b6c788..c63f5912 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/stdint.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/stdint.hpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef NALL_STDINT_HPP
 #define NALL_STDINT_HPP
 
-#include <nall/static.hpp>
-
 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
   typedef signed char int8_t;
   typedef signed short int16_t;
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/string.hpp b/bsnes/nall/string.hpp
index fbc25384..996cd68a 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/string.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/string.hpp
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@
 #include <nall/string/wildcard.hpp>
 #include <nall/string/wrapper.hpp>
 #include <nall/string/xml.hpp>
-#include <nall/string/xml-legacy.hpp>
 #undef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
 
 #endif
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/string/bml.hpp b/bsnes/nall/string/bml.hpp
index 4f8139cc..d2fa60e3 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/string/bml.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/string/bml.hpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ struct Node {
   cstring value;
 
 private:
-  linear_vector<Node> children;
+  vector<Node> children;
 
   inline bool valid(char p) const {  //A-Za-z0-9-.
     return p - 'A' < 26u | p - 'a' < 26u | p - '0' < 10u | p - '-' < 2u;
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/type_traits.hpp b/bsnes/nall/type_traits.hpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..1be3bf79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bsnes/nall/type_traits.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef NALL_STATIC_HPP
+#define NALL_STATIC_HPP
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+template<typename T> class has_default_constructor {
+  template<signed> class receive_size{};
+  template<typename U> static signed sfinae(receive_size<sizeof U()>*);
+  template<typename U> static char sfinae(...);
+
+public:
+  enum : bool { value = sizeof(sfinae<T>(0)) == sizeof(signed) };
+};
+
+template<bool C, typename T = bool> struct enable_if { typedef T type; };
+template<typename T> struct enable_if<false, T> {};
+
+template<bool C, typename T, typename F> struct type_if { typedef T type; };
+template<typename T, typename F> struct type_if<false, T, F> { typedef F type; };
+
+template<bool A, bool B> struct static_and { enum { value = false }; };
+template<> struct static_and<true, true> { enum { value = true }; };
+
+template<bool A, bool B> struct static_or { enum { value = false }; };
+template<> struct static_or<false, true> { enum { value = true }; };
+template<> struct static_or<true, false> { enum { value = true }; };
+template<> struct static_or<true, true> { enum { value = true }; };
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/utility.hpp b/bsnes/nall/utility.hpp
index 8da56ff3..b3c1e5aa 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/utility.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/utility.hpp
@@ -5,10 +5,6 @@
 #include <utility>
 
 namespace nall {
-  template<bool C, typename T = bool> struct enable_if { typedef T type; };
-  template<typename T> struct enable_if<false, T> {};
-  template<typename C, typename T = bool> struct mp_enable_if : enable_if<C::value, T> {};
-
   template<typename T> struct base_from_member {
     T value;
     base_from_member(T value_) : value(value_) {}
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/varint.hpp b/bsnes/nall/varint.hpp
index d91ea2a5..24e4de7c 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/varint.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/varint.hpp
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef NALL_VARINT_HPP
 #define NALL_VARINT_HPP
 
-#include <type_traits>
 #include <nall/bit.hpp>
-#include <nall/static.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
   template<unsigned bits> class uint_t {
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/vector.hpp b/bsnes/nall/vector.hpp
index e03214d0..9d4a76b4 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/vector.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/vector.hpp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <nall/algorithm.hpp>
 #include <nall/bit.hpp>
+#include <nall/sort.hpp>
 #include <nall/utility.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
@@ -70,6 +71,19 @@ namespace nall {
       objectsize = (count + index >= objectsize) ? index : objectsize - count;
     }
 
+    void sort() {
+      nall::sort(pool, objectsize);
+    }
+
+    template<typename Comparator> void sort(const Comparator &lessthan) {
+      nall::sort(pool, objectsize, lessthan);
+    }
+
+    optional<unsigned> find(const T& data) {
+      for(unsigned n = 0; n < size(); n++) if(pool[n] == data) return { true, n };
+      return { false, 0u };
+    }
+
     //access
     inline T& operator[](unsigned position) {
       if(position >= objectsize) throw exception_out_of_bounds();
@@ -81,6 +95,12 @@ namespace nall {
       return pool[position];
     }
 
+    inline T& operator()(unsigned position) {
+      if(position >= poolsize) reserve(position + 1);
+      while(position >= objectsize) append(T());
+      return pool[position];
+    }
+
     inline const T& operator()(unsigned position, const T& data) const {
       if(position >= objectsize) return data;
       return pool[position];
@@ -141,6 +161,8 @@ namespace nall {
   //if objects hold memory address references to themselves (introspection), a
   //valid copy constructor will be needed to keep pointers valid.
 
+  #define NALL_DEPRECATED
+  #if defined(NALL_DEPRECATED)
   template<typename T> struct linear_vector {
   protected:
     T *pool;
@@ -412,6 +434,7 @@ namespace nall {
     const iterator begin() const { return iterator(*this, 0); }
     const iterator end() const { return iterator(*this, objectsize); }
   };
+  #endif
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/bsnes/nall/zip.hpp b/bsnes/nall/zip.hpp
index ad9c7506..a224afe4 100755
--- a/bsnes/nall/zip.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/nall/zip.hpp
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ protected:
   }
 
 public:
-  linear_vector<File> file;
+  vector<File> file;
 };
 
 }
diff --git a/bsnes/nes/cartridge/board/board.cpp b/bsnes/nes/cartridge/board/board.cpp
index c7198db7..15d7df48 100755
--- a/bsnes/nes/cartridge/board/board.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/nes/cartridge/board/board.cpp
@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@ Board::Board(XML::Node &board, const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   information.type = board["type"].data;
   information.battery = board["prg"]["battery"].data == "true";
 
-  prgrom.size = hex(board["prg"]["rom"].data);
-  prgram.size = hex(board["prg"]["ram"].data);
-  chrrom.size = hex(board["chr"]["rom"].data);
-  chrram.size = hex(board["chr"]["ram"].data);
+  prgrom.size = numeral(board["prg"]["rom"].data);
+  prgram.size = numeral(board["prg"]["ram"].data);
+  chrrom.size = numeral(board["chr"]["rom"].data);
+  chrram.size = numeral(board["chr"]["ram"].data);
 
   if(prgrom.size) prgrom.data = new uint8[prgrom.size]();
   if(prgram.size) prgram.data = new uint8[prgram.size]();
diff --git a/bsnes/nes/cartridge/cartridge.cpp b/bsnes/nes/cartridge/cartridge.cpp
index a88c4950..c1634d57 100755
--- a/bsnes/nes/cartridge/cartridge.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/nes/cartridge/cartridge.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ void Cartridge::load(const string &markup, const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   //unsigned crc32 = crc32_calculate(data + 16, size - 16);
   //print(hex<8>(crc32), "\n");
     sha256 = nall::sha256(data + 16, size - 16);
-    board = Board::load(markup != "" ? markup : iNES(data, size), data + 16, size - 16);
+    board = Board::load(!markup.empty() ? markup : iNES(data, size), data + 16, size - 16);
   }
   if(board == nullptr) return;
 
diff --git a/bsnes/nes/cartridge/ines.cpp b/bsnes/nes/cartridge/ines.cpp
index 902ef440..e90b6cb7 100755
--- a/bsnes/nes/cartridge/ines.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/nes/cartridge/ines.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ static string iNES(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   unsigned prgram = 0;
   unsigned chrram = chrrom == 0 ? 8192 : 0;
 
-//print("iNES mapper: ", mapper, "\n");
+  print("iNES mapper: ", mapper, "\n");
 
   output.append("<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>\n");
   output.append("<cartridge>\n");
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ static string iNES(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
     "</cartridge>\n"
   );
 
-//print(output, "\n");
+  print(output, "\n");
 
   return output;
 }
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/core/core.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/core/core.cpp
index 7e4c559e..e2ee6e04 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/core/core.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/core/core.cpp
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ Action::~Action() {
 //Menu
 //====
 
-void Menu::append(const reference_array<Action&> &list) {
+void Menu::append(const array<Action&> &list) {
   for(auto &action : list) {
     if(state.action.append(action)) {
       action.state.menu = this;
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ void Menu::append(const reference_array<Action&> &list) {
   }
 }
 
-void Menu::remove(const reference_array<Action&> &list) {
+void Menu::remove(const array<Action&> &list) {
   for(auto &action : list) {
     if(state.action.remove(action)) {
       action.state.menu = 0;
@@ -430,6 +430,11 @@ void Menu::remove(const reference_array<Action&> &list) {
   }
 }
 
+void Menu::setImage(const image &image) {
+  state.image = image;
+  return p.setImage(image);
+}
+
 void Menu::setText(const string &text) {
   state.text = text;
   return p.setText(text);
@@ -521,7 +526,7 @@ CheckItem::~CheckItem() {
 //RadioItem
 //=========
 
-void RadioItem::group(const reference_array<RadioItem&> &list) {
+void RadioItem::group(const array<RadioItem&> &list) {
   for(auto &item : list) item.p.setGroup(item.state.group = list);
   if(list.size()) list[0].setChecked();
 }
@@ -1105,7 +1110,7 @@ ProgressBar::~ProgressBar() {
 //RadioBox
 //========
 
-void RadioBox::group(const reference_array<RadioBox&> &list) {
+void RadioBox::group(const array<RadioBox&> &list) {
   for(auto &item : list) item.p.setGroup(item.state.group = list);
   if(list.size()) list[0].setChecked();
 }
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/core/core.hpp b/bsnes/phoenix/core/core.hpp
index bb18b1f2..8fcbf378 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/core/core.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/core/core.hpp
@@ -231,8 +231,9 @@ struct Menu : private nall::base_from_member<pMenu&>, Action {
   template<typename... Args> void append(Args&... args) { append({ args... }); }
   template<typename... Args> void remove(Args&... args) { remove({ args... }); }
 
-  void append(const nall::reference_array<Action&> &list);
-  void remove(const nall::reference_array<Action&> &list);
+  void append(const nall::array<Action&> &list);
+  void remove(const nall::array<Action&> &list);
+  void setImage(const nall::image &image);
   void setText(const nall::string &text);
 
   Menu();
@@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ struct CheckItem : private nall::base_from_member<pCheckItem&>, Action {
 
 struct RadioItem : private nall::base_from_member<pRadioItem&>, Action {
   template<typename... Args> static void group(Args&... args) { group({ args... }); }
-  static void group(const nall::reference_array<RadioItem&> &list);
+  static void group(const nall::array<RadioItem&> &list);
 
   nall::function<void ()> onActivate;
 
@@ -357,6 +358,11 @@ struct Button : private nall::base_from_member<pButton&>, Widget {
 };
 
 struct Canvas : private nall::base_from_member<pCanvas&>, Widget {
+  nall::function<void ()> onMouseLeave;
+  nall::function<void (Position)> onMouseMove;
+  nall::function<void (Mouse::Button)> onMousePress;
+  nall::function<void (Mouse::Button)> onMouseRelease;
+
   uint32_t* data();
   bool setImage(const nall::image &image);
   void setSize(const Size &size);
@@ -515,7 +521,7 @@ struct ProgressBar : private nall::base_from_member<pProgressBar&>, Widget {
 
 struct RadioBox : private nall::base_from_member<pRadioBox&>, Widget {
   template<typename... Args> static void group(Args&... args) { group({ args... }); }
-  static void group(const nall::reference_array<RadioBox&> &list);
+  static void group(const nall::array<RadioBox&> &list);
 
   nall::function<void ()> onActivate;
 
@@ -577,6 +583,11 @@ struct VerticalSlider : private nall::base_from_member<pVerticalSlider&>, Widget
 };
 
 struct Viewport : private nall::base_from_member<pViewport&>, Widget {
+  nall::function<void ()> onMouseLeave;
+  nall::function<void (Position)> onMouseMove;
+  nall::function<void (Mouse::Button)> onMousePress;
+  nall::function<void (Mouse::Button)> onMouseRelease;
+
   uintptr_t handle();
 
   Viewport();
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/core/state.hpp b/bsnes/phoenix/core/state.hpp
index e0c3b2df..1a4de4c0 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/core/state.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/core/state.hpp
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ struct Window::State {
   bool fullScreen;
   Geometry geometry;
   bool ignore;
-  reference_array<Layout&> layout;
-  reference_array<Menu&> menu;
+  array<Layout&> layout;
+  array<Menu&> menu;
   string menuFont;
   bool menuVisible;
   bool resizable;
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ struct Window::State {
   bool statusVisible;
   string title;
   bool visible;
-  reference_array<Widget&> widget;
+  array<Widget&> widget;
   string widgetFont;
 
   State() {
@@ -55,8 +55,12 @@ struct Action::State {
 };
 
 struct Menu::State {
-  reference_array<Action&> action;
+  array<Action&> action;
+  nall::image image;
   string text;
+
+  State() : image(0, 32, 255u << 24, 255u << 16, 255u << 8, 255u << 0) {
+  }
 };
 
 struct Item::State {
@@ -78,7 +82,7 @@ struct CheckItem::State {
 
 struct RadioItem::State {
   bool checked;
-  reference_array<RadioItem&> group;
+  array<RadioItem&> group;
   string text;
 
   State() {
@@ -229,7 +233,7 @@ struct ProgressBar::State {
 
 struct RadioBox::State {
   bool checked;
-  reference_array<RadioBox&> group;
+  array<RadioBox&> group;
   string text;
 
   State() {
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/action/menu.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/action/menu.cpp
index 9a81dfa3..356d2d8e 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/action/menu.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/action/menu.cpp
@@ -13,13 +13,18 @@ void pMenu::remove(Action &action) {
   action.state.window = 0;
 }
 
+void pMenu::setImage(const image &image) {
+  GtkImage *gtkImage = CreateImage(image, /* menuIcon = */ true);
+  gtk_image_menu_item_set_image(GTK_IMAGE_MENU_ITEM(widget), (GtkWidget*)gtkImage);
+}
+
 void pMenu::setText(const string &text) {
   gtk_menu_item_set_label(GTK_MENU_ITEM(widget), text);
 }
 
 void pMenu::constructor() {
   gtkMenu = gtk_menu_new();
-  widget = gtk_menu_item_new_with_label(menu.state.text);
+  widget = gtk_image_menu_item_new_with_label(menu.state.text);
   gtk_menu_item_set_submenu(GTK_MENU_ITEM(widget), gtkMenu);
 }
 
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/action/radio-item.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/action/radio-item.cpp
index 35ca6d9b..7a868d53 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/action/radio-item.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/action/radio-item.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ void pRadioItem::setChecked() {
   locked = false;
 }
 
-void pRadioItem::setGroup(const reference_array<RadioItem&> &group) {
+void pRadioItem::setGroup(const array<RadioItem&> &group) {
   for(unsigned n = 0; n < group.size(); n++) {
     if(n == 0) continue;
     GSList *currentGroup = gtk_radio_menu_item_get_group(GTK_RADIO_MENU_ITEM(group[0].p.widget));
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/keyboard.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/keyboard.cpp
index 6082d376..4e45fe13 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/keyboard.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/keyboard.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-bidirectional_map<Keyboard::Scancode, unsigned> pKeyboard::keymap;
-
 void pKeyboard::initialize() {
   auto append = [](Keyboard::Scancode scancode, unsigned keysym) {
-    keymap.append(scancode, XKeysymToKeycode(pOS::display, keysym));
+    settings->keymap.insert(scancode, XKeysymToKeycode(pOS::display, keysym));
   };
 
   append(Keyboard::Scancode::Escape, XK_Escape);
@@ -123,18 +121,18 @@ void pKeyboard::initialize() {
 bool pKeyboard::pressed(Keyboard::Scancode scancode) {
   char state[256];
   XQueryKeymap(pOS::display, state);
-  unsigned id = keymap.lhs[scancode];
+  unsigned id = settings->keymap.lhs[scancode];
   return state[id >> 3] & (1 << (id & 7));
 }
 
 array<bool> pKeyboard::state() {
   array<bool> output;
-  output.reserve((unsigned)Keyboard::Scancode::Limit);
+  output.resize((unsigned)Keyboard::Scancode::Limit);
   for(auto &n : output) n = false;
 
   char state[256];
   XQueryKeymap(pOS::display, state);
-  for(auto &n : keymap.rhs) {
+  for(auto &n : settings->keymap.rhs) {
     if(state[n.name >> 3] & (1 << (n.name & 7))) {
       output[(unsigned)n.data] = true;
     }
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/platform.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/platform.cpp
index 0866412a..c6650dbb 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/platform.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/platform.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "platform.hpp"
 #include "utility.cpp"
+#include "settings.cpp"
 
 #include "desktop.cpp"
 #include "keyboard.cpp"
@@ -7,7 +8,6 @@
 #include "dialog-window.cpp"
 #include "message-window.cpp"
 
-#include "settings.cpp"
 #include "font.cpp"
 #include "timer.cpp"
 #include "window.cpp"
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/platform.hpp b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/platform.hpp
index c46b051d..4d8cd41d 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/platform.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/platform.hpp
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 struct Settings : public configuration {
+  bidirectional_map<Keyboard::Scancode, unsigned> keymap;
+
   unsigned frameGeometryX;
   unsigned frameGeometryY;
   unsigned frameGeometryWidth;
@@ -32,8 +34,6 @@ struct pDesktop {
 };
 
 struct pKeyboard {
-  static bidirectional_map<Keyboard::Scancode, unsigned> keymap;
-
   static bool pressed(Keyboard::Scancode scancode);
   static array<bool> state();
 
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ struct pMenu : public pAction {
 
   void append(Action &action);
   void remove(Action &action);
+  void setImage(const image &image);
   void setText(const string &text);
 
   pMenu(Menu &menu) : pAction(menu), menu(menu) {}
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ struct pRadioItem : public pAction {
 
   bool checked();
   void setChecked();
-  void setGroup(const reference_array<RadioItem&> &group);
+  void setGroup(const array<RadioItem&> &group);
   void setText(const string &text);
 
   pRadioItem(RadioItem &radioItem) : pAction(radioItem), radioItem(radioItem) {}
@@ -424,7 +425,7 @@ struct pRadioBox : public pWidget {
   bool checked();
   Geometry minimumGeometry();
   void setChecked();
-  void setGroup(const reference_array<RadioBox&> &group);
+  void setGroup(const array<RadioBox&> &group);
   void setText(const string &text);
 
   pRadioBox(RadioBox &radioBox) : pWidget(radioBox), radioBox(radioBox) {}
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/widget/canvas.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/widget/canvas.cpp
index 0231dbdb..9d17dc82 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/widget/canvas.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/widget/canvas.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,34 @@ static gboolean Canvas_expose(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEvent *event, pCanvas *self)
   return true;
 }
 
+static gboolean Canvas_mouseLeave(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventButton *event, pCanvas *self) {
+  if(self->canvas.onMouseLeave) self->canvas.onMouseLeave();
+  return true;
+}
+
+static gboolean Canvas_mouseMove(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventButton *event, pCanvas *self) {
+  if(self->canvas.onMouseMove) self->canvas.onMouseMove({ (signed)event->x, (signed)event->y });
+  return true;
+}
+
+static gboolean Canvas_mousePress(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventButton *event, pCanvas *self) {
+  if(self->canvas.onMousePress) switch(event->button) {
+  case 1: self->canvas.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Left); break;
+  case 2: self->canvas.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Middle); break;
+  case 3: self->canvas.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Right); break;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static gboolean Canvas_mouseRelease(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventButton *event, pCanvas *self) {
+  if(self->canvas.onMouseRelease) switch(event->button) {
+  case 1: self->canvas.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Left); break;
+  case 2: self->canvas.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Middle); break;
+  case 3: self->canvas.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Right); break;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 void pCanvas::setSize(const Size &size) {
   cairo_surface_destroy(surface);
   surface = cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24, canvas.state.width, canvas.state.height);
@@ -22,8 +50,13 @@ void pCanvas::constructor() {
   memcpy(cairo_image_surface_get_data(surface), canvas.state.data, canvas.state.width * canvas.state.height * sizeof(uint32_t));
   gtkWidget = gtk_drawing_area_new();
   gtk_widget_set_double_buffered(gtkWidget, false);
-  gtk_widget_add_events(gtkWidget, GDK_EXPOSURE_MASK);
+  gtk_widget_add_events(gtkWidget,
+    GDK_BUTTON_PRESS_MASK | GDK_BUTTON_RELEASE_MASK | GDK_EXPOSURE_MASK | GDK_LEAVE_NOTIFY_MASK | GDK_POINTER_MOTION_MASK);
+  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(gtkWidget), "button_press_event", G_CALLBACK(Canvas_mousePress), (gpointer)this);
+  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(gtkWidget), "button_release_event", G_CALLBACK(Canvas_mouseRelease), (gpointer)this);
   g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(gtkWidget), "expose_event", G_CALLBACK(Canvas_expose), (gpointer)this);
+  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(gtkWidget), "leave_notify_event", G_CALLBACK(Canvas_mouseLeave), (gpointer)this);
+  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(gtkWidget), "motion_notify_event", G_CALLBACK(Canvas_mouseMove), (gpointer)this);
 }
 
 void pCanvas::destructor() {
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/widget/radio-box.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/widget/radio-box.cpp
index a06743b3..3aa39693 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/widget/radio-box.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/widget/radio-box.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ void pRadioBox::setChecked() {
   locked = false;
 }
 
-void pRadioBox::setGroup(const reference_array<RadioBox&> &group) {
+void pRadioBox::setGroup(const array<RadioBox&> &group) {
   for(unsigned n = 0; n < group.size(); n++) {
     if(n == 0) continue;
     GSList *currentGroup = gtk_radio_button_get_group(GTK_RADIO_BUTTON(group[0].p.gtkWidget));
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/widget/viewport.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/widget/viewport.cpp
index 18c61f5b..e842a2e5 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/widget/viewport.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/gtk/widget/viewport.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,31 @@
+static gboolean Viewport_mouseLeave(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventButton *event, pViewport *self) {
+  if(self->viewport.onMouseLeave) self->viewport.onMouseLeave();
+  return true;
+}
+
+static gboolean Viewport_mouseMove(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventButton *event, pViewport *self) {
+  if(self->viewport.onMouseMove) self->viewport.onMouseMove({ (signed)event->x, (signed)event->y });
+  return true;
+}
+
+static gboolean Viewport_mousePress(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventButton *event, pViewport *self) {
+  if(self->viewport.onMousePress) switch(event->button) {
+  case 1: self->viewport.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Left); break;
+  case 2: self->viewport.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Middle); break;
+  case 3: self->viewport.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Right); break;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static gboolean Viewport_mouseRelease(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventButton *event, pViewport *self) {
+  if(self->viewport.onMouseRelease) switch(event->button) {
+  case 1: self->viewport.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Left); break;
+  case 2: self->viewport.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Middle); break;
+  case 3: self->viewport.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Right); break;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 uintptr_t pViewport::handle() {
   return GDK_WINDOW_XID(gtk_widget_get_window(gtkWidget));
 }
@@ -5,6 +33,12 @@ uintptr_t pViewport::handle() {
 void pViewport::constructor() {
   gtkWidget = gtk_drawing_area_new();
 //gtk_widget_set_double_buffered(gtkWidget, false);
+  gtk_widget_add_events(gtkWidget,
+    GDK_BUTTON_PRESS_MASK | GDK_BUTTON_RELEASE_MASK | GDK_LEAVE_NOTIFY_MASK | GDK_POINTER_MOTION_MASK);
+  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(gtkWidget), "button_press_event", G_CALLBACK(Viewport_mousePress), (gpointer)this);
+  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(gtkWidget), "button_release_event", G_CALLBACK(Viewport_mouseRelease), (gpointer)this);
+  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(gtkWidget), "leave_notify_event", G_CALLBACK(Viewport_mouseLeave), (gpointer)this);
+  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(gtkWidget), "motion_notify_event", G_CALLBACK(Viewport_mouseMove), (gpointer)this);
 
   GdkColor color;
   color.pixel = 0;
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/phoenix.hpp b/bsnes/phoenix/phoenix.hpp
index 4767d0ed..e4bb3f4c 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/phoenix.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/phoenix.hpp
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include <nall/function.hpp>
 #include <nall/image.hpp>
 #include <nall/map.hpp>
-#include <nall/reference_array.hpp>
 #include <nall/stdint.hpp>
 #include <nall/string.hpp>
 #include <nall/utility.hpp>
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/action/menu.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/action/menu.cpp
index f484e17e..de3a7341 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/action/menu.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/action/menu.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,15 @@ void pMenu::setFont(const string &font) {
   for(auto &item : menu.state.action) item.p.setFont(font);
 }
 
+void pMenu::setImage(const image &image) {
+  nall::image qtBuffer = image;
+  qtBuffer.transform(0, 32u, 255u << 24, 255u << 16, 255u << 8, 255u << 0);
+
+  QImage qtImage(qtBuffer.data, qtBuffer.width, qtBuffer.height, QImage::Format_ARGB32);
+  QIcon qtIcon(QPixmap::fromImage(qtImage));
+  qtMenu->setIcon(qtIcon);
+}
+
 void pMenu::setText(const string &text) {
   qtMenu->setTitle(QString::fromUtf8(text));
 }
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/action/radio-item.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/action/radio-item.cpp
index 30211219..8fcc1c22 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/action/radio-item.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/action/radio-item.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ void pRadioItem::setChecked() {
   locked = false;
 }
 
-void pRadioItem::setGroup(const reference_array<RadioItem&> &group) {
+void pRadioItem::setGroup(const array<RadioItem&> &group) {
 }
 
 void pRadioItem::setText(const string &text) {
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/keyboard.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/keyboard.cpp
index aa7be5f0..4e45fe13 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/keyboard.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/keyboard.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-bidirectional_map<Keyboard::Scancode, unsigned> pKeyboard::keymap;
-
 void pKeyboard::initialize() {
   auto append = [](Keyboard::Scancode scancode, unsigned keysym) {
-    keymap.append(scancode, XKeysymToKeycode(pOS::display, keysym));
+    settings->keymap.insert(scancode, XKeysymToKeycode(pOS::display, keysym));
   };
 
   append(Keyboard::Scancode::Escape, XK_Escape);
@@ -123,7 +121,7 @@ void pKeyboard::initialize() {
 bool pKeyboard::pressed(Keyboard::Scancode scancode) {
   char state[256];
   XQueryKeymap(pOS::display, state);
-  unsigned id = keymap.lhs[scancode];
+  unsigned id = settings->keymap.lhs[scancode];
   return state[id >> 3] & (1 << (id & 7));
 }
 
@@ -134,7 +132,7 @@ array<bool> pKeyboard::state() {
 
   char state[256];
   XQueryKeymap(pOS::display, state);
-  for(auto &n : keymap.rhs) {
+  for(auto &n : settings->keymap.rhs) {
     if(state[n.name >> 3] & (1 << (n.name & 7))) {
       output[(unsigned)n.data] = true;
     }
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/platform.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/platform.cpp
index 01068595..0ff46b2b 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/platform.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/platform.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "platform.moc.hpp"
 #include "platform.moc"
 #include "utility.cpp"
+#include "settings.cpp"
 
 #include "desktop.cpp"
 #include "keyboard.cpp"
@@ -8,7 +9,6 @@
 #include "dialog-window.cpp"
 #include "message-window.cpp"
 
-#include "settings.cpp"
 #include "font.cpp"
 #include "timer.cpp"
 #include "window.cpp"
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/platform.moc b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/platform.moc
index dffcba03..c73f8fa2 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/platform.moc
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/platform.moc
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /****************************************************************************
 ** Meta object code from reading C++ file 'platform.moc.hpp'
 **
-** Created: Sat Jan 14 09:18:07 2012
+** Created: Mon Jan 23 13:07:40 2012
 **      by: The Qt Meta Object Compiler version 62 (Qt 4.6.3)
 **
 ** WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/platform.moc.hpp b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/platform.moc.hpp
index f931b8b3..9a98f96e 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/platform.moc.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/platform.moc.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 static QApplication *qtApplication = 0;
 
 struct Settings : public configuration {
+  bidirectional_map<Keyboard::Scancode, unsigned> keymap;
+
   unsigned frameGeometryX;
   unsigned frameGeometryY;
   unsigned frameGeometryWidth;
@@ -31,8 +33,6 @@ struct pDesktop {
 };
 
 struct pKeyboard {
-  static bidirectional_map<Keyboard::Scancode, unsigned> keymap;
-
   static bool pressed(Keyboard::Scancode scancode);
   static array<bool> state();
 
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ struct pMenu : public pAction {
   void append(Action &action);
   void remove(Action &action);
   void setFont(const string &font);
+  void setImage(const image &image);
   void setText(const string &text);
 
   pMenu(Menu &menu) : pAction(menu), menu(menu) {}
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ public:
 
   bool checked();
   void setChecked();
-  void setGroup(const reference_array<RadioItem&> &group);
+  void setGroup(const array<RadioItem&> &group);
   void setText(const string &text);
 
   pRadioItem(RadioItem &radioItem) : pAction(radioItem), radioItem(radioItem) {}
@@ -304,6 +305,10 @@ public:
   QImage *qtImage;
   struct QtCanvas : public QWidget {
     pCanvas &self;
+    void leaveEvent(QEvent*);
+    void mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent*);
+    void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent*);
+    void mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent*);
     void paintEvent(QPaintEvent*);
     QtCanvas(pCanvas &self);
   } *qtCanvas;
@@ -525,7 +530,7 @@ public:
   bool checked();
   Geometry minimumGeometry();
   void setChecked();
-  void setGroup(const reference_array<RadioBox&> &group);
+  void setGroup(const array<RadioBox&> &group);
   void setText(const string &text);
 
   pRadioBox(RadioBox &radioBox) : pWidget(radioBox), radioBox(radioBox) {}
@@ -603,6 +608,14 @@ public slots:
 
 struct pViewport : public pWidget {
   Viewport &viewport;
+  struct QtViewport : public QWidget {
+    pViewport &self;
+    void leaveEvent(QEvent*);
+    void mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent*);
+    void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent*);
+    void mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent*);
+    QtViewport(pViewport &self);
+  } *qtViewport;
 
   uintptr_t handle();
 
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/button.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/button.cpp
index 98c04373..dfcc6813 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/button.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/button.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ void pButton::setImage(const image &image, Orientation orientation) {
   QIcon qtIcon(QPixmap::fromImage(qtImage));
   qtButton->setIconSize(QSize(qtBuffer.width, qtBuffer.height));
   qtButton->setIcon(qtIcon);
+  qtButton->setStyleSheet("text-align: top;");
   switch(orientation) {
   case Orientation::Horizontal: qtButton->setToolButtonStyle(Qt::ToolButtonTextBesideIcon); break;
   case Orientation::Vertical:   qtButton->setToolButtonStyle(Qt::ToolButtonTextUnderIcon);  break;
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/canvas.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/canvas.cpp
index 387f16dd..245c1e9f 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/canvas.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/canvas.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ void pCanvas::update() {
 
 void pCanvas::constructor() {
   qtWidget = qtCanvas = new QtCanvas(*this);
+  qtCanvas->setMouseTracking(true);
   qtImage = new QImage(canvas.state.width, canvas.state.height, QImage::Format_ARGB32);
   memcpy(qtImage->bits(), canvas.state.data, canvas.state.width * canvas.state.height * sizeof(uint32_t));
 
@@ -30,6 +31,32 @@ void pCanvas::orphan() {
   constructor();
 }
 
+void pCanvas::QtCanvas::leaveEvent(QEvent *event) {
+  if(self.canvas.onMouseLeave) self.canvas.onMouseLeave();
+}
+
+void pCanvas::QtCanvas::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *event) {
+  if(self.canvas.onMouseMove) self.canvas.onMouseMove({ event->pos().x(), event->pos().y() });
+}
+
+void pCanvas::QtCanvas::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event) {
+  if(self.canvas.onMousePress == false) return;
+  switch(event->button()) {
+  case Qt::LeftButton: self.canvas.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Left); break;
+  case Qt::MidButton: self.canvas.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Middle); break;
+  case Qt::RightButton: self.canvas.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Right); break;
+  }
+}
+
+void pCanvas::QtCanvas::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event) {
+  if(self.canvas.onMouseRelease == false) return;
+  switch(event->button()) {
+  case Qt::LeftButton: self.canvas.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Left); break;
+  case Qt::MidButton: self.canvas.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Middle); break;
+  case Qt::RightButton: self.canvas.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Right); break;
+  }
+}
+
 void pCanvas::QtCanvas::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *event) {
   QPainter painter(self.qtCanvas);
   painter.drawImage(0, 0, *self.qtImage);
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/radio-box.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/radio-box.cpp
index ca138108..4f37a884 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/radio-box.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/radio-box.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ void pRadioBox::setChecked() {
   locked = false;
 }
 
-void pRadioBox::setGroup(const reference_array<RadioBox&> &group) {
+void pRadioBox::setGroup(const array<RadioBox&> &group) {
   locked = true;
   if(qtGroup) {
     delete qtGroup;
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/viewport.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/viewport.cpp
index 3a6254f9..1b67d776 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/viewport.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/qt/widget/viewport.cpp
@@ -1,21 +1,51 @@
 uintptr_t pViewport::handle() {
-  return (uintptr_t)qtWidget->winId();
+  return (uintptr_t)qtViewport->winId();
 }
 
 void pViewport::constructor() {
-  qtWidget = new QWidget;
-  qtWidget->setAttribute(Qt::WA_PaintOnScreen, true);
-  qtWidget->setStyleSheet("background: #000000");
+  qtWidget = qtViewport = new QtViewport(*this);
+  qtViewport->setMouseTracking(true);
+  qtViewport->setAttribute(Qt::WA_PaintOnScreen, true);
+  qtViewport->setStyleSheet("background: #000000");
 
   pWidget::synchronizeState();
 }
 
 void pViewport::destructor() {
-  delete qtWidget;
-  qtWidget = 0;
+  delete qtViewport;
+  qtWidget = qtViewport = nullptr;
 }
 
 void pViewport::orphan() {
   destructor();
   constructor();
 }
+
+void pViewport::QtViewport::leaveEvent(QEvent *event) {
+  if(self.viewport.onMouseLeave) self.viewport.onMouseLeave();
+}
+
+void pViewport::QtViewport::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *event) {
+  if(self.viewport.onMouseMove) self.viewport.onMouseMove({ event->pos().x(), event->pos().y() });
+}
+
+void pViewport::QtViewport::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event) {
+  if(self.viewport.onMousePress == false) return;
+  switch(event->button()) {
+  case Qt::LeftButton: self.viewport.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Left); break;
+  case Qt::MidButton: self.viewport.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Middle); break;
+  case Qt::RightButton: self.viewport.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Right); break;
+  }
+}
+
+void pViewport::QtViewport::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event) {
+  if(self.viewport.onMouseRelease == false) return;
+  switch(event->button()) {
+  case Qt::LeftButton: self.viewport.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Left); break;
+  case Qt::MidButton: self.viewport.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Middle); break;
+  case Qt::RightButton: self.viewport.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Right); break;
+  }
+}
+
+pViewport::QtViewport::QtViewport(pViewport &self) : self(self) {
+}
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/reference/action/menu.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/reference/action/menu.cpp
index c2c239f2..4f0a65a8 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/reference/action/menu.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/reference/action/menu.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ void pMenu::append(Action &action) {
 void pMenu::remove(Action &action) {
 }
 
+void pMenu::setImage(const image &image) {
+}
+
 void pMenu::setText(const string &text) {
 }
 
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/reference/action/radio-item.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/reference/action/radio-item.cpp
index fc732e04..65c07b6c 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/reference/action/radio-item.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/reference/action/radio-item.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ bool pRadioItem::checked() {
 void pRadioItem::setChecked() {
 }
 
-void pRadioItem::setGroup(const reference_array<RadioItem&> &group) {
+void pRadioItem::setGroup(const array<RadioItem&> &group) {
 }
 
 void pRadioItem::setText(const string &text) {
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/reference/platform.hpp b/bsnes/phoenix/reference/platform.hpp
index 666b0af3..ac759c0f 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/reference/platform.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/reference/platform.hpp
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ struct pMenu : public pAction {
 
   void append(Action &action);
   void remove(Action &action);
+  void setImage(const image &image);
   void setText(const string &text);
 
   pMenu(Menu &menu) : pAction(menu), menu(menu) {}
@@ -155,7 +156,7 @@ struct pRadioItem : public pAction {
 
   bool checked();
   void setChecked();
-  void setGroup(const reference_array<RadioItem&> &group);
+  void setGroup(const array<RadioItem&> &group);
   void setText(const string &text);
 
   pRadioItem(RadioItem &radioItem) : pAction(radioItem), radioItem(radioItem) {}
@@ -323,7 +324,7 @@ struct pRadioBox : public pWidget {
 
   bool checked();
   void setChecked();
-  void setGroup(const reference_array<RadioBox&> &group);
+  void setGroup(const array<RadioBox&> &group);
   void setText(const string &text);
 
   pRadioBox(RadioBox &radioBox) : pWidget(radioBox), radioBox(radioBox) {}
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/reference/widget/radio-box.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/reference/widget/radio-box.cpp
index 603e2442..dd207271 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/reference/widget/radio-box.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/reference/widget/radio-box.cpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ bool pRadioBox::checked() {
 void pRadioBox::setChecked() {
 }
 
-void pRadioBox::setGroup(const reference_array<RadioBox&> &group) {
+void pRadioBox::setGroup(const array<RadioBox&> &group) {
 }
 
 void pRadioBox::setText(const string &text) {
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/action/item.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/action/item.cpp
index eb076c3a..2804bfcb 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/action/item.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/action/item.cpp
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ void pItem::createBitmap() {
     nallImage.scale(GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXMENUCHECK), GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYMENUCHECK), Interpolation::Linear);
     hbitmap = CreateBitmap(nallImage);
   }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/action/menu.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/action/menu.cpp
index 633a831f..5d9da04e 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/action/menu.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/action/menu.cpp
@@ -8,12 +8,40 @@ void pMenu::remove(Action &action) {
   action.p.parentMenu = 0;
 }
 
+void pMenu::setImage(const image &image) {
+  createBitmap();
+  if(parentWindow) parentWindow->p.updateMenu();
+}
+
 void pMenu::setText(const string &text) {
   if(parentWindow) parentWindow->p.updateMenu();
 }
 
 void pMenu::constructor() {
   hmenu = 0;
+  createBitmap();
+}
+
+void pMenu::destructor() {
+  if(hbitmap) { DeleteObject(hbitmap); hbitmap = 0; }
+  if(parentMenu) {
+    parentMenu->remove(menu);
+  } else if(parentWindow) {
+    //belongs to window's main menubar
+    parentWindow->remove(menu);
+  }
+}
+
+void pMenu::createBitmap() {
+  if(hbitmap) { DeleteObject(hbitmap); hbitmap = 0; }
+
+  if(menu.state.image.width && menu.state.image.height) {
+    nall::image nallImage = menu.state.image;
+    nallImage.transform(0, 32, 255u << 24, 255u << 16, 255u << 8, 255u << 0);
+    nallImage.alphaBlend(GetSysColor(COLOR_MENU));  //Windows does not alpha blend menu icons properly (leaves black outline)
+    nallImage.scale(GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXMENUCHECK), GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYMENUCHECK), Interpolation::Linear);
+    hbitmap = CreateBitmap(nallImage);
+  }
 }
 
 //Windows actions lack the ability to toggle visibility.
@@ -32,11 +60,24 @@ void pMenu::update(Window &parentWindow, Menu *parentMenu) {
     unsigned enabled = action.state.enabled ? 0 : MF_GRAYED;
     if(dynamic_cast<Menu*>(&action)) {
       Menu &item = (Menu&)action;
-      item.p.update(parentWindow, &menu);
-      AppendMenu(hmenu, MF_STRING | MF_POPUP | enabled, (UINT_PTR)item.p.hmenu, utf16_t(item.state.text));
+      if(action.state.visible) {
+        item.p.update(parentWindow, &menu);
+        AppendMenu(hmenu, MF_STRING | MF_POPUP | enabled, (UINT_PTR)item.p.hmenu, utf16_t(item.state.text));
+
+        if(item.state.image.width && item.state.image.height) {
+          MENUITEMINFO mii = { sizeof(MENUITEMINFO) };
+          //Windows XP and below displays MIIM_BITMAP + hbmpItem in its own column (separate from check/radio marks)
+          //this causes too much spacing, so use a custom checkmark image instead
+          mii.fMask = MIIM_CHECKMARKS;
+          mii.hbmpUnchecked = item.p.hbitmap;
+          SetMenuItemInfo(hmenu, (UINT_PTR)item.p.hmenu, FALSE, &mii);
+        }
+      }
     } else if(dynamic_cast<Separator*>(&action)) {
       Separator &item = (Separator&)action;
-      if(action.state.visible) AppendMenu(hmenu, MF_SEPARATOR | enabled, item.p.id, L"");
+      if(action.state.visible) {
+        AppendMenu(hmenu, MF_SEPARATOR | enabled, item.p.id, L"");
+      }
     } else if(dynamic_cast<Item*>(&action)) {
       Item &item = (Item&)action;
       if(action.state.visible) {
@@ -53,21 +94,16 @@ void pMenu::update(Window &parentWindow, Menu *parentMenu) {
       }
     } else if(dynamic_cast<CheckItem*>(&action)) {
       CheckItem &item = (CheckItem&)action;
-      if(action.state.visible) AppendMenu(hmenu, MF_STRING | enabled, item.p.id, utf16_t(item.state.text));
+      if(action.state.visible) {
+        AppendMenu(hmenu, MF_STRING | enabled, item.p.id, utf16_t(item.state.text));
+      }
       if(item.state.checked) item.setChecked();
     } else if(dynamic_cast<RadioItem*>(&action)) {
       RadioItem &item = (RadioItem&)action;
-      if(action.state.visible) AppendMenu(hmenu, MF_STRING | enabled, item.p.id, utf16_t(item.state.text));
+      if(action.state.visible) {
+        AppendMenu(hmenu, MF_STRING | enabled, item.p.id, utf16_t(item.state.text));
+      }
       if(item.state.checked) item.setChecked();
     }
   }
 }
-
-void pMenu::destructor() {
-  if(parentMenu) {
-    parentMenu->remove(menu);
-  } else if(parentWindow) {
-    //belongs to window's main menubar
-    parentWindow->remove(menu);
-  }
-}
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/action/radio-item.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/action/radio-item.cpp
index b5399799..fa961239 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/action/radio-item.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/action/radio-item.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ void pRadioItem::setChecked() {
   }
 }
 
-void pRadioItem::setGroup(const reference_array<RadioItem&> &group) {
+void pRadioItem::setGroup(const array<RadioItem&> &group) {
 }
 
 void pRadioItem::setText(const string &text) {
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/keyboard.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/keyboard.cpp
index eb288979..e007916d 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/keyboard.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/keyboard.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-bidirectional_map<Keyboard::Scancode, unsigned> pKeyboard::keymap;
-
 void pKeyboard::initialize() {
   auto append = [](Keyboard::Scancode scancode, unsigned keysym) {
-    keymap.append(scancode, keysym);
+    settings->keymap.insert(scancode, keysym);
   };
 
   append(Keyboard::Scancode::Escape, VK_ESCAPE);
@@ -121,7 +119,7 @@ void pKeyboard::initialize() {
 }
 
 bool pKeyboard::pressed(Keyboard::Scancode scancode) {
-  return GetAsyncKeyState(keymap.lhs[scancode]) & 0x8000;
+  return GetAsyncKeyState(settings->keymap.lhs[scancode]) & 0x8000;
 }
 
 array<bool> pKeyboard::state() {
@@ -129,7 +127,7 @@ array<bool> pKeyboard::state() {
   output.resize((unsigned)Keyboard::Scancode::Limit);
   for(auto &n : output) n = false;
 
-  for(auto &n : keymap.rhs) {
+  for(auto &n : settings->keymap.rhs) {
     if(GetAsyncKeyState(n.name) & 0x8000) {
       output[(unsigned)n.data] = true;
     }
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/platform.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/platform.cpp
index 27cfef8b..bce8037e 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/platform.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/platform.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "platform.hpp"
 #include "utility.cpp"
+#include "settings.cpp"
 
 #include "desktop.cpp"
 #include "keyboard.cpp"
@@ -135,6 +136,7 @@ void pOS::initialize() {
   wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
   RegisterClass(&wc);
 
+  settings = new Settings;
   pKeyboard::initialize();
 }
 
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/platform.hpp b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/platform.hpp
index bc4d4808..8abb93f3 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/platform.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/platform.hpp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+struct Settings {
+  bidirectional_map<Keyboard::Scancode, unsigned> keymap;
+};
+
 struct pFont;
 struct pWindow;
 struct pMenu;
@@ -20,8 +24,6 @@ struct pDesktop {
 };
 
 struct pKeyboard {
-  static bidirectional_map<Keyboard::Scancode, unsigned> keymap;
-
   static bool pressed(Keyboard::Scancode scancode);
   static array<bool> state();
 
@@ -134,14 +136,17 @@ struct pAction : public pObject {
 struct pMenu : public pAction {
   Menu &menu;
   HMENU hmenu;
+  HBITMAP hbitmap;
 
   void append(Action &action);
   void remove(Action &action);
+  void setImage(const image &image);
   void setText(const string &text);
 
-  pMenu(Menu &menu) : pAction(menu), menu(menu) {}
+  pMenu(Menu &menu) : pAction(menu), menu(menu), hbitmap(0) {}
   void constructor();
   void destructor();
+  void createBitmap();
   void update(Window &parentWindow, Menu *parentMenu = 0);
 };
 
@@ -183,7 +188,7 @@ struct pRadioItem : public pAction {
 
   bool checked();
   void setChecked();
-  void setGroup(const reference_array<RadioItem&> &group);
+  void setGroup(const array<RadioItem&> &group);
   void setText(const string &text);
 
   pRadioItem(RadioItem &radioItem) : pAction(radioItem), radioItem(radioItem) {}
@@ -398,7 +403,7 @@ struct pRadioBox : public pWidget {
   bool checked();
   Geometry minimumGeometry();
   void setChecked();
-  void setGroup(const reference_array<RadioBox&> &group);
+  void setGroup(const array<RadioBox&> &group);
   void setText(const string &text);
 
   pRadioBox(RadioBox &radioBox) : pWidget(radioBox), radioBox(radioBox) {}
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/settings.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/settings.cpp
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..343fc9fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/settings.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+static Settings *settings = nullptr;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/widget/canvas.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/widget/canvas.cpp
index 613381d6..f2be9e38 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/widget/canvas.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/widget/canvas.cpp
@@ -1,17 +1,44 @@
 static LRESULT CALLBACK Canvas_windowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam) {
+  Object *object = (Object*)GetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, GWLP_USERDATA);
+  if(object == nullptr) return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
+  if(!dynamic_cast<Canvas*>(object)) return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
+  Canvas &canvas = (Canvas&)*object;
+
   if(msg == WM_GETDLGCODE) {
     return DLGC_STATIC | DLGC_WANTCHARS;
   }
 
   if(msg == WM_PAINT) {
-    Object *object = (Object*)GetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, GWLP_USERDATA);
-    if(object && dynamic_cast<Canvas*>(object)) {
-      Canvas &canvas = (Canvas&)*object;
-      canvas.p.paint();
-    }
+    canvas.p.paint();
     return TRUE;
   }
 
+  if(msg == WM_MOUSEMOVE) {
+    TRACKMOUSEEVENT tracker = { sizeof(TRACKMOUSEEVENT), TME_LEAVE, hwnd };
+    TrackMouseEvent(&tracker);
+    if(canvas.onMouseMove) canvas.onMouseMove({ (int16_t)LOWORD(lparam), (int16_t)HIWORD(lparam) });
+  }
+
+  if(msg == WM_MOUSELEAVE) {
+    if(canvas.onMouseLeave) canvas.onMouseLeave();
+  }
+
+  if(msg == WM_LBUTTONDOWN || msg == WM_MBUTTONDOWN || msg == WM_RBUTTONDOWN) {
+    if(canvas.onMousePress) switch(msg) {
+    case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: canvas.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Left); break;
+    case WM_MBUTTONDOWN: canvas.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Middle); break;
+    case WM_RBUTTONDOWN: canvas.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Right); break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(msg == WM_LBUTTONUP || msg == WM_MBUTTONUP || msg == WM_RBUTTONUP) {
+    if(canvas.onMouseRelease) switch(msg) {
+    case WM_LBUTTONUP: canvas.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Left); break;
+    case WM_MBUTTONUP: canvas.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Middle); break;
+    case WM_RBUTTONUP: canvas.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Right); break;
+    }
+  }
+
   return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
 }
 
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/widget/radio-box.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/widget/radio-box.cpp
index 555a27a8..37e9905f 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/widget/radio-box.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/widget/radio-box.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ void pRadioBox::setChecked() {
   }
 }
 
-void pRadioBox::setGroup(const reference_array<RadioBox&> &group) {
+void pRadioBox::setGroup(const array<RadioBox&> &group) {
 }
 
 void pRadioBox::setText(const string &text) {
diff --git a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/widget/viewport.cpp b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/widget/viewport.cpp
index e46764f7..c0b13b69 100755
--- a/bsnes/phoenix/windows/widget/viewport.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/phoenix/windows/widget/viewport.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,42 @@
+static LRESULT CALLBACK Viewport_windowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam) {
+  Object *object = (Object*)GetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, GWLP_USERDATA);
+  if(object == nullptr) return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
+  if(!dynamic_cast<Viewport*>(object)) return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
+  Viewport &viewport = (Viewport&)*object;
+
+  if(msg == WM_GETDLGCODE) {
+    return DLGC_STATIC | DLGC_WANTCHARS;
+  }
+
+  if(msg == WM_MOUSEMOVE) {
+    TRACKMOUSEEVENT tracker = { sizeof(TRACKMOUSEEVENT), TME_LEAVE, hwnd };
+    TrackMouseEvent(&tracker);
+    if(viewport.onMouseMove) viewport.onMouseMove({ (int16_t)LOWORD(lparam), (int16_t)HIWORD(lparam) });
+  }
+
+  if(msg == WM_MOUSELEAVE) {
+    if(viewport.onMouseLeave) viewport.onMouseLeave();
+  }
+
+  if(msg == WM_LBUTTONDOWN || msg == WM_MBUTTONDOWN || msg == WM_RBUTTONDOWN) {
+    if(viewport.onMousePress) switch(msg) {
+    case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: viewport.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Left); break;
+    case WM_MBUTTONDOWN: viewport.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Middle); break;
+    case WM_RBUTTONDOWN: viewport.onMousePress(Mouse::Button::Right); break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(msg == WM_LBUTTONUP || msg == WM_MBUTTONUP || msg == WM_RBUTTONUP) {
+    if(viewport.onMouseRelease) switch(msg) {
+    case WM_LBUTTONUP: viewport.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Left); break;
+    case WM_MBUTTONUP: viewport.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Middle); break;
+    case WM_RBUTTONUP: viewport.onMouseRelease(Mouse::Button::Right); break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
+}
+
 uintptr_t pViewport::handle() {
   return (uintptr_t)hwnd;
 }
@@ -15,9 +54,4 @@ void pViewport::destructor() {
 void pViewport::orphan() {
   destructor();
   constructor();
-}
-
-static LRESULT CALLBACK Viewport_windowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam) {
-  if(msg == WM_GETDLGCODE) return DLGC_STATIC | DLGC_WANTCHARS;
-  return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam);
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/bsnes/snes/cartridge/cartridge.hpp b/bsnes/snes/cartridge/cartridge.hpp
index 37555bc0..015b9ccf 100755
--- a/bsnes/snes/cartridge/cartridge.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/snes/cartridge/cartridge.hpp
@@ -91,7 +91,6 @@ struct Cartridge : property<Cartridge> {
 
 private:
   void parse_markup(const char*);
-  unsigned parse_markup_integer(string&);
   void parse_markup_map(Mapping&, XML::Node&);
 
   void parse_markup_rom(XML::Node&);
diff --git a/bsnes/snes/cartridge/markup.cpp b/bsnes/snes/cartridge/markup.cpp
index e639fe52..43aadf13 100755
--- a/bsnes/snes/cartridge/markup.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/snes/cartridge/markup.cpp
@@ -29,14 +29,9 @@ void Cartridge::parse_markup(const char *markup) {
 
 //
 
-unsigned Cartridge::parse_markup_integer(string &data) {
-  if(strbegin(data, "0x")) return hex(data);
-  return decimal(data);
-}
-
 void Cartridge::parse_markup_map(Mapping &m, XML::Node &map) {
-  m.offset = parse_markup_integer(map["offset"].data);
-  m.size = parse_markup_integer(map["size"].data);
+  m.offset = numeral(map["offset"].data);
+  m.size = numeral(map["size"].data);
 
   string data = map["mode"].data;
   if(data == "direct") m.mode = Bus::MapMode::Direct;
@@ -82,7 +77,7 @@ void Cartridge::parse_markup_rom(XML::Node &root) {
 
 void Cartridge::parse_markup_ram(XML::Node &root) {
   if(root.exists() == false) return;
-  ram_size = parse_markup_integer(root["size"].data);
+  ram_size = numeral(root["size"].data);
   for(auto &node : root) {
     Mapping m(ram);
     parse_markup_map(m, node);
@@ -100,11 +95,11 @@ void Cartridge::parse_markup_nss(XML::Node &root) {
     if(number >= 16) break;  //more than 16 DIP switches is not physically possible
 
     information.nss.option[number].reset();
-    information.nss.setting[number] = node["name"].data;
+    information.nss.setting.append(node["name"].data);
     for(auto &leaf : node) {
       if(leaf.name != "option") continue;
       string name = leaf["name"].data;
-      unsigned value = parse_markup_integer(leaf["value"].data);
+      unsigned value = numeral(leaf["value"].data);
       information.nss.option[number].append({ hex<4>(value), ":", name });
     }
   }
@@ -114,7 +109,7 @@ void Cartridge::parse_markup_icd2(XML::Node &root) {
   if(root.exists() == false) return;
   if(mode != Mode::SuperGameBoy) return;
 
-  icd2.revision = max(1, parse_markup_integer(root["revision"].data));
+  icd2.revision = max(1, numeral(root["revision"].data));
 
   for(auto &node : root) {
     if(node.name != "map") continue;
@@ -140,7 +135,7 @@ void Cartridge::parse_markup_superfx(XML::Node &root) {
     if(node.name == "ram") {
       for(auto &leaf : node) {
         if(leaf.name == "size") {
-          ram_size = parse_markup_integer(leaf.data);
+          ram_size = numeral(leaf.data);
           continue;
         }
         if(leaf.name != "map") continue;
@@ -193,7 +188,7 @@ void Cartridge::parse_markup_sa1(XML::Node &root) {
     mapping.append(m);
   }
 
-  ram_size = parse_markup_integer(bwram["size"].data);
+  ram_size = numeral(bwram["size"].data);
   for(auto &node : bwram) {
     if(node.name != "map") continue;
     Mapping m(sa1.cpubwram);
@@ -217,7 +212,7 @@ void Cartridge::parse_markup_necdsp(XML::Node &root) {
   for(unsigned n = 0; n < 16384; n++) necdsp.programROM[n] = 0x000000;
   for(unsigned n = 0; n <  2048; n++) necdsp.dataROM[n] = 0x0000;
 
-  necdsp.frequency = parse_markup_integer(root["frequency"].data);
+  necdsp.frequency = numeral(root["frequency"].data);
   if(necdsp.frequency == 0) necdsp.frequency = 8000000;
   necdsp.revision
   = root["model"].data == "uPD7725"  ? NECDSP::Revision::uPD7725
@@ -286,7 +281,7 @@ void Cartridge::parse_markup_hitachidsp(XML::Node &root) {
 
   for(unsigned n = 0; n < 1024; n++) hitachidsp.dataROM[n] = 0x000000;
 
-  hitachidsp.frequency = parse_markup_integer(root["frequency"].data);
+  hitachidsp.frequency = numeral(root["frequency"].data);
   if(hitachidsp.frequency == 0) hitachidsp.frequency = 20000000;
   string firmware = root["firmware"].data;
   string sha256 = root["sha256"].data;
@@ -379,7 +374,7 @@ void Cartridge::parse_markup_sufamiturbo(XML::Node &root) {
         }
       }
       if(node.name == "ram") {
-        unsigned ram_size = parse_markup_integer(node["size"].data);
+        unsigned ram_size = numeral(node["size"].data);
         for(auto &leaf : node) {
           if(leaf.name != "map") continue;
           Memory &memory = slotid == 0 ? sufamiturbo.slotA.ram : sufamiturbo.slotB.ram;
@@ -434,7 +429,7 @@ void Cartridge::parse_markup_spc7110(XML::Node &root) {
   auto &dcu = root["dcu"];
   auto &rtc = root["rtc"];
 
-  ram_size = parse_markup_integer(ram["size"].data);
+  ram_size = numeral(ram["size"].data);
   for(auto &node : ram) {
     if(node.name != "map") continue;
     Mapping m({ &SPC7110::ram_read, &spc7110 }, { &SPC7110::ram_write, &spc7110 });
@@ -449,7 +444,7 @@ void Cartridge::parse_markup_spc7110(XML::Node &root) {
     mapping.append(m);
   }
 
-  spc7110.data_rom_offset = parse_markup_integer(mcu["offset"].data);
+  spc7110.data_rom_offset = numeral(mcu["offset"].data);
   if(spc7110.data_rom_offset == 0) spc7110.data_rom_offset = 0x100000;
   for(auto &node : mcu) {
     if(node.name != "map") continue;
@@ -524,7 +519,7 @@ void Cartridge::parse_markup_link(XML::Node &root) {
   if(root.exists() == false) return;
   has_link = true;
 
-  link.frequency = max(1, parse_markup_integer(root["frequency"].data));
+  link.frequency = max(1, numeral(root["frequency"].data));
   link.program = root["program"].data;
 
   for(auto &node : root) {
diff --git a/bsnes/snes/system/video.cpp b/bsnes/snes/system/video.cpp
index 1d6020eb..2a562f18 100755
--- a/bsnes/snes/system/video.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/snes/system/video.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ unsigned Video::palette30(unsigned color) {
   unsigned r = (color >>  0) & 31;
 
   double L = (1.0 + l) / 16.0;
+  if(l == 0) L *= 0.5;
   unsigned R = L * ((r << 5) + (r << 0));
   unsigned G = L * ((g << 5) + (g << 0));
   unsigned B = L * ((b << 5) + (b << 0));
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/general/dip-switches.cpp b/bsnes/ui/general/dip-switches.cpp
index 80ed1158..38bfab16 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/general/dip-switches.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/general/dip-switches.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-DipSwitches *dipSwitches = 0;
+DipSwitches *dipSwitches = nullptr;
 
 DipSwitch::DipSwitch() {
   append(name,  { ~0, 0 }, 5);
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/general/file-browser.cpp b/bsnes/ui/general/file-browser.cpp
index 4a9d6fee..cf51b675 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/general/file-browser.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/general/file-browser.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FileBrowser *fileBrowser = 0;
+FileBrowser *fileBrowser = nullptr;
 
 FileBrowser::FileBrowser() {
   setGeometry({ 128, 128, 640, 400 });
@@ -130,21 +130,23 @@ bool FileBrowser::loadFolder(const string &requestedPath) {
     if(path.wildcard(filter)) accept = true;
   }
   if(accept == false) return false;
-
-  lstring contentsList = directory::contents(requestedPath);
-  lstring fileNameList;
-  for(auto &fileName : contentsList) {
-    for(auto &filter : mode->filter) {
-      if(fileName.wildcard(filter)) {
-        fileNameList.append(fileName);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if(fileNameList.size() != 1) return false;
-  loadFile({ requestedPath, fileNameList[0] });
+  loadFile(requestedPath);
   return true;
+
+//  lstring contentsList = directory::contents(requestedPath);
+//  lstring fileNameList;
+//  for(auto &fileName : contentsList) {
+//    for(auto &filter : mode->filter) {
+//      if(fileName.wildcard(filter)) {
+//        fileNameList.append(fileName);
+//        break;
+//      }
+//    }
+//  }
+
+//  if(fileNameList.size() != 1) return false;
+//  loadFile({ requestedPath, fileNameList[0] });
+//  return true;
 }
 
 void FileBrowser::loadFile(const string &filename) {
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/general/main-window.cpp b/bsnes/ui/general/main-window.cpp
index 43ae89bd..7cc94c4b 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/general/main-window.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/general/main-window.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MainWindow *mainWindow = 0;
+MainWindow *mainWindow = nullptr;
 
 MainWindow::MainWindow() {
   setTitle(application->title);
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ void MainWindow::setupVideoFilters() {
     path = { application->userpath, "filters/" };
     files = directory::files(path, "*.filter");
   }
-  reference_array<RadioItem&> group;
+  array<RadioItem&> group;
 
   settingsVideoFilterList = new RadioItem[files.size()];
   for(unsigned n = 0; n < files.size(); n++) {
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ void MainWindow::setupVideoShaders() {
     path = { application->userpath, "shaders/" };
     files = directory::files(path, { "*.", config->video.driver, ".shader" });
   }
-  reference_array<RadioItem&> group;
+  array<RadioItem&> group;
 
   settingsVideoShaderList = new RadioItem[files.size()];
   for(unsigned n = 0; n < files.size(); n++) {
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/general/slot-loader.cpp b/bsnes/ui/general/slot-loader.cpp
index ff87d3b3..ad6e21d4 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/general/slot-loader.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/general/slot-loader.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-SlotLoader *slotLoader = 0;
+SlotLoader *slotLoader = nullptr;
 
 SlotLoaderPath::SlotLoaderPath() {
   browse.setText("Browse ...");
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/input/input.hpp b/bsnes/ui/input/input.hpp
index ba0a5775..c4b57b73 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/input/input.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/input/input.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ struct TurboInput : DigitalInput {
   TurboInput();
 };
 
-struct TertiaryInput : reference_array<AbstractInput&> {
+struct TertiaryInput : array<AbstractInput&> {
   string name;
 
   virtual void attach(const string &primaryName, const string &secondaryName);
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ struct TertiaryInput : reference_array<AbstractInput&> {
   virtual int16_t poll(unsigned n);
 };
 
-struct SecondaryInput : reference_array<TertiaryInput&> {
+struct SecondaryInput : array<TertiaryInput&> {
   string name;
 
   virtual void attach(const string &primaryName);
   virtual void bind();
 };
 
-struct PrimaryInput : reference_array<SecondaryInput&> {
+struct PrimaryInput : array<SecondaryInput&> {
   string name;
 
   virtual void attach();
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ struct InputManager {
   int16_t scancode[2][Scancode::Limit];
   bool activeScancode;
 
-  reference_array<PrimaryInput&> inputList;
+  array<PrimaryInput&> inputList;
   NesInput nes;
   SnesInput snes;
   GameBoyInput gameBoy;
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/interface/gameboy/gameboy.cpp b/bsnes/ui/interface/gameboy/gameboy.cpp
index 473cbc78..72fd9510 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/interface/gameboy/gameboy.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/interface/gameboy/gameboy.cpp
@@ -10,10 +10,20 @@ bool InterfaceGameBoy::cartridgeLoaded() {
 bool InterfaceGameBoy::loadCartridge(GameBoy::System::Revision revision, const string &filename) {
   uint8_t *data;
   unsigned size;
-  if(interface->loadFile(filename, data, size) == false) return false;
+
+  if(filename.endswith("/")) {
+    string basename = filename;
+    basename.rtrim<1>("/");
+    basename.append("/", notdir(basename));
+    if(file::read(basename, data, size) == false) return false;
+    interface->baseName = nall::basename(basename);
+  } else {
+    if(file::read(filename, data, size) == false) return false;
+    interface->baseName = nall::basename(filename);
+  }
 
   interface->unloadCartridge();
-  interface->baseName = nall::basename(filename);
+  interface->applyPatch(interface->baseName, data, size);
 
   string markup;
   markup.readfile({ interface->baseName, ".xml" });
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/interface/interface.cpp b/bsnes/ui/interface/interface.cpp
index bae5cb61..6ef11b9c 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/interface/interface.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/interface/interface.cpp
@@ -188,11 +188,9 @@ Interface::Interface() : core(nullptr) {
 
 //internal
 
-bool Interface::loadFile(const string &filename, uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size) {
-  if(file::read(filename, data, size) == false) return false;
-
+bool Interface::applyPatch(const string &filename, uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size) {
   string patchname = { nall::basename(filename), ".bps" };
-  if(file::exists(patchname) == false) return true;
+  if(file::exists(patchname) == false) return false;
 
   bpspatch bps;
   bps.modify(patchname);
@@ -202,7 +200,7 @@ bool Interface::loadFile(const string &filename, uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size)
   bps.target(targetData, targetSize);
   if(bps.apply() != bpspatch::result::success) {
     delete[] targetData;
-    return true;
+    return false;
   }
 
   delete[] data;
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/interface/interface.hpp b/bsnes/ui/interface/interface.hpp
index 2b87b02b..3e1003eb 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/interface/interface.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/interface/interface.hpp
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ struct Interface : property<Interface> {
 
   Interface();
 
-  bool loadFile(const string &filename, uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size);
+  bool applyPatch(const string &filename, uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size);
   void videoRefresh(const uint32_t *input, unsigned inputPitch, unsigned width, unsigned height);
 
   string baseName;  // = "/path/to/cartridge" (no extension)
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/interface/nes/nes.cpp b/bsnes/ui/interface/nes/nes.cpp
index f4cef721..49fc3f84 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/interface/nes/nes.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/interface/nes/nes.cpp
@@ -25,10 +25,37 @@ bool InterfaceNES::cartridgeLoaded() {
 bool InterfaceNES::loadCartridge(const string &filename) {
   uint8_t *data;
   unsigned size;
-  if(interface->loadFile(filename, data, size) == false) return false;
+
+  if(filename.endswith("/")) {
+    string basename = filename;
+    basename.rtrim<1>("/");
+    basename.append("/", notdir(nall::basename(basename)));
+
+    if(file::exists({ basename, ".prg" }) && file::exists({ basename, ".chr" })) {
+      unsigned prgsize = file::size({ basename, ".prg" });
+      unsigned chrsize = file::size({ basename, ".chr" });
+      data = new uint8_t[size = prgsize + chrsize];
+      nall::file fp;
+      fp.open({ basename, ".prg" }, file::mode::read);
+      fp.read(data, fp.size());
+      fp.close();
+      fp.open({ basename, ".chr" }, file::mode::read);
+      fp.read(data + prgsize, fp.size());
+      fp.close();
+    } else if(file::exists({ basename, ".fc" })) {
+      file::read({ basename, ".fc" }, data, size);
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    interface->baseName = basename;
+  } else {
+    file::read(filename, data, size);
+    interface->baseName = nall::basename(filename);
+  }
 
   interface->unloadCartridge();
-  interface->baseName = nall::basename(filename);
+  interface->applyPatch(interface->baseName, data, size);
 
   string markup;
   markup.readfile({ interface->baseName, ".xml" });
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/interface/snes/snes.cpp b/bsnes/ui/interface/snes/snes.cpp
index 5469d6a1..9c9fd386 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/interface/snes/snes.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/interface/snes/snes.cpp
@@ -30,14 +30,25 @@ bool InterfaceSNES::cartridgeLoaded() {
   return SNES::cartridge.loaded();
 }
 
-bool InterfaceSNES::loadCartridge(const string &basename) {
+bool InterfaceSNES::loadFile(string &filename, uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size) {
+  if(filename.endswith("/")) {
+    filename.rtrim<1>("/");
+    filename.append("/", notdir(filename));
+  }
+  if(file::read(filename, data, size) == false) return false;
+  filename = nall::basename(filename);
+  interface->applyPatch(filename, data, size);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool InterfaceSNES::loadCartridge(string basename) {
   uint8_t *data;
   unsigned size;
-  if(interface->loadFile(basename, data, size) == false) return false;
+  if(loadFile(basename, data, size) == false) return false;
 
   interface->unloadCartridge();
-  interface->baseName = nall::basename(basename);
-  interface->slotName = { nall::basename(basename) };
+  interface->baseName = basename;
+  interface->slotName = { basename };
 
   string markup;
   markup.readfile({ interface->baseName, ".xml" });
@@ -55,16 +66,16 @@ bool InterfaceSNES::loadCartridge(const string &basename) {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool InterfaceSNES::loadSatellaviewSlottedCartridge(const string &basename, const string &slotname) {
+bool InterfaceSNES::loadSatellaviewSlottedCartridge(string basename, string slotname) {
   uint8_t *data[2];
   unsigned size[2];
-  if(interface->loadFile(basename, data[0], size[0]) == false) return false;
-  interface->loadFile(slotname, data[1], size[1]);
+  if(loadFile(basename, data[0], size[0]) == false) return false;
+  loadFile(slotname, data[1], size[1]);
 
   interface->unloadCartridge();
-  interface->baseName = nall::basename(basename);
-  if(data[1]) interface->baseName.append("+", nall::basename(notdir(slotname)));
-  interface->slotName = { nall::basename(basename), nall::basename(slotname) };
+  interface->baseName = basename;
+  if(data[1]) interface->baseName.append("+", notdir(slotname));
+  interface->slotName = { basename, slotname };
 
   string markup;
   markup.readfile({ interface->baseName, ".xml" });
@@ -84,16 +95,16 @@ bool InterfaceSNES::loadSatellaviewSlottedCartridge(const string &basename, cons
   return true;
 }
 
-bool InterfaceSNES::loadSatellaviewCartridge(const string &basename, const string &slotname) {
+bool InterfaceSNES::loadSatellaviewCartridge(string basename, string slotname) {
   uint8_t *data[2];
   unsigned size[2];
-  if(interface->loadFile(basename, data[0], size[0]) == false) return false;
-  interface->loadFile(slotname, data[1], size[1]);
+  if(loadFile(basename, data[0], size[0]) == false) return false;
+  loadFile(slotname, data[1], size[1]);
 
   interface->unloadCartridge();
-  interface->baseName = nall::basename(basename);
-  if(data[1]) interface->baseName.append("+", nall::basename(notdir(slotname)));
-  interface->slotName = { nall::basename(basename), nall::basename(slotname) };
+  interface->baseName = basename;
+  if(data[1]) interface->baseName.append("+", notdir(slotname));
+  interface->slotName = { basename, slotname };
 
   string markup;
   markup.readfile({ interface->baseName, ".xml" });
@@ -113,19 +124,19 @@ bool InterfaceSNES::loadSatellaviewCartridge(const string &basename, const strin
   return true;
 }
 
-bool InterfaceSNES::loadSufamiTurboCartridge(const string &basename, const string &slotAname, const string &slotBname) {
+bool InterfaceSNES::loadSufamiTurboCartridge(string basename, string slotAname, string slotBname) {
   uint8_t *data[3];
   unsigned size[3];
-  if(interface->loadFile(basename, data[0], size[0]) == false) return false;
-  interface->loadFile(slotAname, data[1], size[1]);
-  interface->loadFile(slotBname, data[2], size[2]);
+  if(loadFile(basename, data[0], size[0]) == false) return false;
+  loadFile(slotAname, data[1], size[1]);
+  loadFile(slotBname, data[2], size[2]);
 
   interface->unloadCartridge();
-  interface->baseName = nall::basename(basename);
-  if(data[1] && data[2]) interface->baseName = { nall::basename(slotAname), "+", nall::basename(notdir(slotBname)) };
-  else if(data[1]) interface->baseName = nall::basename(slotAname);
-  else if(data[2]) interface->baseName = nall::basename(slotBname);
-  interface->slotName = { nall::basename(basename), nall::basename(slotAname), nall::basename(slotBname) };
+  interface->baseName = basename;
+  if(data[1] && data[2]) interface->baseName = { slotAname, "+", notdir(slotBname) };
+  else if(data[1]) interface->baseName = slotAname;
+  else if(data[2]) interface->baseName = slotBname;
+  interface->slotName = { basename, slotAname, slotBname };
 
   string markup;
   markup.readfile({ interface->baseName, ".xml" });
@@ -147,16 +158,16 @@ bool InterfaceSNES::loadSufamiTurboCartridge(const string &basename, const strin
   return true;
 }
 
-bool InterfaceSNES::loadSuperGameBoyCartridge(const string &basename, const string &slotname) {
+bool InterfaceSNES::loadSuperGameBoyCartridge(string basename, string slotname) {
   uint8_t *data[2];
   unsigned size[2];
-  if(interface->loadFile(basename, data[0], size[0]) == false) return false;
-  interface->loadFile(slotname, data[1], size[1]);
+  if(loadFile(basename, data[0], size[0]) == false) return false;
+  loadFile(slotname, data[1], size[1]);
 
   interface->unloadCartridge();
-  interface->baseName = nall::basename(basename);
-  if(data[1]) interface->baseName = nall::basename(slotname);
-  interface->slotName = { nall::basename(basename), nall::basename(slotname) };
+  interface->baseName = basename;
+  if(data[1]) interface->baseName = slotname;
+  interface->slotName = { basename, slotname };
 
   string markup;
   markup.readfile({ interface->baseName, ".xml" });
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/interface/snes/snes.hpp b/bsnes/ui/interface/snes/snes.hpp
index 16ec5eec..981eab40 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/interface/snes/snes.hpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/interface/snes/snes.hpp
@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@ struct InterfaceSNES : InterfaceCore, SNES::Interface {
   void setController(bool port, unsigned device);
 
   bool cartridgeLoaded();
-  bool loadCartridge(const string &filename);
-  bool loadSatellaviewSlottedCartridge(const string &basename, const string &slotname);
-  bool loadSatellaviewCartridge(const string &basename, const string &slotname);
-  bool loadSufamiTurboCartridge(const string &basename, const string &slotAname, const string &slotBname);
-  bool loadSuperGameBoyCartridge(const string &basename, const string &slotname);
+  bool loadFile(string &filename, uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size);
+  bool loadCartridge(string basename);
+  bool loadSatellaviewSlottedCartridge(string basename, string slotname);
+  bool loadSatellaviewCartridge(string basename, string slotname);
+  bool loadSufamiTurboCartridge(string basename, string slotAname, string slotBname);
+  bool loadSuperGameBoyCartridge(string basename, string slotname);
   void unloadCartridge();
 
   void power();
diff --git a/bsnes/ui/main.cpp b/bsnes/ui/main.cpp
index 66d32045..3263115f 100755
--- a/bsnes/ui/main.cpp
+++ b/bsnes/ui/main.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void Application::run() {
 }
 
 Application::Application(int argc, char **argv) {
-  title = "bsnes v085.01";
+  title = "bsnes v085.02";
 
   application = this;
   quit = false;