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+---
+title: Content Summaries
+linktitle: Summaries
+description: Hugo generates summaries of your content. 
+date: 2017-01-10
+publishdate: 2017-01-10
+lastmod: 2017-01-10
+categories: [content management]
+keywords: [summaries,abstracts,read more]
+menu:
+  docs:
+    parent: "content-management"
+    weight: 90
+weight: 90	#rem
+draft: false
+aliases: [/content/summaries/,/content-management/content-summaries/]
+toc: true
+---
+
+With the use of the `.Summary` [page variable][pagevariables], Hugo generates summaries of content to use as a short version in summary views.
+
+## Summary Splitting Options
+
+* Hugo-defined Summary Split
+* User-defined Summary Split
+
+It is natural to accompany the summary with links to the original content, and a common design pattern is to see this link in the form of a "Read More ..." button. See the `.RelPermalink`, `.Permalink`, and `.Truncated` [page variables][pagevariables].
+
+### Hugo-defined: Automatic Summary Splitting
+
+By default, Hugo automatically takes the first 70 words of your content as its summary and stores it into the `.Summary` page variable for use in your templates. Taking the Hugo-defined approach to summaries may save time, but it has pros and cons:
+
+* **Pros:** Automatic, no additional work on your part.
+* **Cons:** All HTML tags are stripped from the summary, and the first 70 words, whether they belong to a heading or to different paragraphs, are all put into one paragraph.
+
+{{% note %}}
+The Hugo-defined summaries are set to use word count calculated by splitting the text by one or more consecutive white space characters. If you are creating content in a `CJK` language and want to use Hugo's automatic summary splitting, set `hasCJKLanguage` to `true` in you [site configuration](/getting-started/configuration/).
+{{% /note %}}
+
+### User-defined: Manual Summary Splitting
+
+Alternatively, you may add the <code>&#60;&#33;&#45;&#45;more&#45;&#45;&#62;</code> summary divider where you want to split the article. For [org content][org], use `# more` where you want to split the article. Content that comes before the summary divider will be used as that content's summary and stored in the `.Summary` page variable with all HTML formatting intact.
+
+{{% note "Summary Divider"%}}
+The concept of a *summary divider* is not unique to Hugo. It is also called the "more tag" or "excerpt separator" in other literature.
+{{% /note %}}
+
+* Pros: Freedom, precision, and improved rendering.  All HTML tags and formatting are preserved.
+* Cons: Extra work for content authors, since they need to remember to type <code>&#60;&#33;&#45;&#45;more&#45;&#45;&#62;</code> (or `# more` for [org content][org]) in each content file. This can be automated by adding the summary divider below the front matter of an [archetype](/content-management/archetypes/).
+
+{{% warning "Be Precise with the Summary Divider" %}}
+Be careful to enter <code>&#60;&#33;&#45;&#45;more&#45;&#45;&#62;</code> exactly; i.e., all lowercase and with no whitespace.
+{{% /warning %}}
+
+## Example: First 10 Articles with Summaries
+
+You can show content summaries with the following code. You could use the following snippet, for example, in a [section template][].
+
+{{< code file="page-list-with-summaries.html" >}}
+{{ range first 10 .Data.Pages }}
+    <article>
+      <!-- this <div> includes the title summary -->
+      <div>
+        <h2><a href="{{ .RelPermalink }}">{{ .Title }}</a></h2>
+        {{ .Summary }}
+      </div>
+      {{ if .Truncated }}
+      <!-- This <div> includes a read more link, but only if the summary is truncated... -->
+      <div>
+        <a href="{{ .RelPermalink }}">Read More…</a>
+      </div>
+      {{ end }}
+    </article>
+{{ end }}
+{{< /code >}}
+
+Note how the `.Truncated` boolean valuable may be used to hide the "Read More..." link when the content is not truncated; i.e., when the summary contains the entire article.
+
+[org]: /content-management/formats/
+[pagevariables]: /variables/page/
+[section template]: /templates/section-templates/