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Bjørn Erik Pedersen
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docs/content/en/functions/css/Sass.md
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226
docs/content/en/functions/css/Sass.md
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---
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title: css.Sass
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description: Transpiles Sass to CSS.
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categories: []
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keywords: []
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action:
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aliases: [toCSS]
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related:
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- functions/resources/Fingerprint
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- functions/resources/Minify
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- functions/css/PostCSS
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- functions/resources/PostProcess
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returnType: resource.Resource
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signatures: ['css.Sass [OPTIONS] RESOURCE']
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toc: true
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---
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{{< new-in 0.128.0 >}}
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```go-html-template
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{{ with resources.Get "sass/main.scss" }}
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{{ $opts := dict "transpiler" "libsass" "targetPath" "css/style.css" }}
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{{ with . | toCSS $opts }}
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{{ if hugo.IsDevelopment }}
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ .RelPermalink }}">
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{{ else }}
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{{ with . | minify | fingerprint }}
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ .RelPermalink }}" integrity="{{ .Data.Integrity }}" crossorigin="anonymous">
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{{ end }}
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{{ end }}
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{{ end }}
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{{ end }}
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```
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Transpile Sass to CSS using the LibSass transpiler included in Hugo's extended edition, or [install Dart Sass](#dart-sass) to use the latest features of the Sass language.
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Sass has two forms of syntax: [SCSS] and [indented]. Hugo supports both.
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[scss]: https://sass-lang.com/documentation/syntax#scss
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[indented]: https://sass-lang.com/documentation/syntax#the-indented-syntax
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## Options
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transpiler
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: (`string`) The transpiler to use, either `libsass` (default) or `dartsass`. Hugo's extended edition includes the LibSass transpiler. To use the Dart Sass transpiler, see the [installation instructions](#dart-sass) below.
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targetPath
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: (`string`) If not set, the transformed resource's target path will be the original path of the asset file with its extension replaced by `.css`.
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vars
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: (`map`) A map of key-value pairs that will be available in the `hugo:vars` namespace. Useful for [initializing Sass variables from Hugo templates](https://discourse.gohugo.io/t/42053/).
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```scss
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// LibSass
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@import "hugo:vars";
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// Dart Sass
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@use "hugo:vars" as v;
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```
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outputStyle
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: (`string`) Output styles available to LibSass include `nested` (default), `expanded`, `compact`, and `compressed`. Output styles available to Dart Sass include `expanded` (default) and `compressed`.
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precision
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: (`int`) Precision of floating point math. Not applicable to Dart Sass.
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enableSourceMap
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: (`bool`) If `true`, generates a source map.
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sourceMapIncludeSources
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: (`bool`) If `true`, embeds sources in the generated source map. Not applicable to LibSass.
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includePaths
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: (`slice`) A slice of paths, relative to the project root, that the transpiler will use when resolving `@use` and `@import` statements.
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```go-html-template
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{{ $opts := dict
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"transpiler" "dartsass"
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"targetPath" "css/style.css"
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"vars" site.Params.styles
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"enableSourceMap" (not hugo.IsProduction)
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"includePaths" (slice "node_modules/bootstrap/scss")
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}}
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{{ with resources.Get "sass/main.scss" | toCSS $opts | minify | fingerprint }}
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ .RelPermalink }}" integrity="{{ .Data.Integrity }}" crossorigin="anonymous">
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{{ end }}
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```
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## Dart Sass
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The extended version of Hugo includes [LibSass] to transpile Sass to CSS. In 2020, the Sass team deprecated LibSass in favor of [Dart Sass].
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Use the latest features of the Sass language by installing Dart Sass in your development and production environments.
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### Installation overview
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Dart Sass is compatible with Hugo v0.114.0 and later.
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If you have been using Embedded Dart Sass[^1] with Hugo v0.113.0 and earlier, uninstall Embedded Dart Sass, then install Dart Sass. If you have installed both, Hugo will use Dart Sass.
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If you install Hugo as a [Snap package] there is no need to install Dart Sass. The Hugo Snap package includes Dart Sass.
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[^1]: In 2023, the Sass team deprecated Embedded Dart Sass in favor of Dart Sass.
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### Installing in a development environment
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When you install Dart Sass somewhere in your PATH, Hugo will find it.
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OS|Package manager|Site|Installation
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:--|:--|:--|:--
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Linux|Homebrew|[brew.sh]|`brew install sass/sass/sass`
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Linux|Snap|[snapcraft.io]|`sudo snap install dart-sass`
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macOS|Homebrew|[brew.sh]|`brew install sass/sass/sass`
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Windows|Chocolatey|[chocolatey.org]|`choco install sass`
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Windows|Scoop|[scoop.sh]|`scoop install sass`
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You may also install [prebuilt binaries] for Linux, macOS, and Windows.
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Run `hugo env` to list the active transpilers.
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### Installing in a production environment
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For [CI/CD] deployments (e.g., GitHub Pages, GitLab Pages, Netlify, etc.) you must edit the workflow to install Dart Sass before Hugo builds the site[^2]. Some providers allow you to use one of the package managers above, or you can download and extract one of the prebuilt binaries.
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[^2]: You do not have to do this if (a) you have not modified the assets cache location, and (b) you have not set `useResourceCacheWhen` to `never` in your [site configuration], and (c) you add and commit your resources directory to your repository.
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#### GitHub Pages
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To install Dart Sass for your builds on GitHub Pages, add this step to the GitHub Pages workflow file:
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```yaml
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- name: Install Dart Sass
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run: sudo snap install dart-sass
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```
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If you are using GitHub Pages for the first time with your repository, GitHub provides a [starter workflow] for Hugo that includes Dart Sass. This is the simplest way to get started.
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#### GitLab Pages
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To install Dart Sass for your builds on GitLab Pages, the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file should look something like this:
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```yaml
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variables:
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HUGO_VERSION: 0.128.0
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DART_SASS_VERSION: 1.77.5
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GIT_DEPTH: 0
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GIT_STRATEGY: clone
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GIT_SUBMODULE_STRATEGY: recursive
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TZ: America/Los_Angeles
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image:
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name: golang:1.20-buster
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pages:
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script:
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# Install Dart Sass
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- curl -LJO https://github.com/sass/dart-sass/releases/download/${DART_SASS_VERSION}/dart-sass-${DART_SASS_VERSION}-linux-x64.tar.gz
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- tar -xf dart-sass-${DART_SASS_VERSION}-linux-x64.tar.gz
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- cp -r dart-sass/* /usr/local/bin
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- rm -rf dart-sass*
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# Install Hugo
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- curl -LJO https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/releases/download/v${HUGO_VERSION}/hugo_extended_${HUGO_VERSION}_linux-amd64.deb
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- apt install -y ./hugo_extended_${HUGO_VERSION}_linux-amd64.deb
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- rm hugo_extended_${HUGO_VERSION}_linux-amd64.deb
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# Build
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- hugo --gc --minify
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artifacts:
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paths:
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- public
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rules:
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- if: $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == $CI_DEFAULT_BRANCH
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```
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#### Netlify
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To install Dart Sass for your builds on Netlify, the `netlify.toml` file should look something like this:
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```toml
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[build.environment]
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HUGO_VERSION = "0.128.0"
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DART_SASS_VERSION = "1.77.5"
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TZ = "America/Los_Angeles"
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[build]
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publish = "public"
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command = """\
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curl -LJO https://github.com/sass/dart-sass/releases/download/${DART_SASS_VERSION}/dart-sass-${DART_SASS_VERSION}-linux-x64.tar.gz && \
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tar -xf dart-sass-${DART_SASS_VERSION}-linux-x64.tar.gz && \
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rm dart-sass-${DART_SASS_VERSION}-linux-x64.tar.gz && \
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export PATH=/opt/build/repo/dart-sass:$PATH && \
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hugo --gc --minify \
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"""
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```
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### Example
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To transpile with Dart Sass, set `transpiler` to `dartsass` in the options map passed to `css.Sass`. For example:
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```go-html-template
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{{ with resources.Get "sass/main.scss" }}
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{{ $opts := dict "transpiler" "dartsass" "targetPath" "css/style.css" }}
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{{ with . | toCSS $opts }}
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{{ if hugo.IsDevelopment }}
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ .RelPermalink }}">
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{{ else }}
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{{ with . | minify | fingerprint }}
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ .RelPermalink }}" integrity="{{ .Data.Integrity }}" crossorigin="anonymous">
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{{ end }}
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{{ end }}
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{{ end }}
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{{ end }}
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```
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### Miscellaneous
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If you build Hugo from source and run `mage test -v`, the test will fail if you install Dart Sass as a Snap package. This is due to the Snap package's strict confinement model.
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[brew.sh]: https://brew.sh/
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[chocolatey.org]: https://community.chocolatey.org/packages/sass
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[ci/cd]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CI/CD
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[dart sass]: https://sass-lang.com/dart-sass
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[libsass]: https://sass-lang.com/libsass
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[prebuilt binaries]: https://github.com/sass/dart-sass/releases/latest
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[scoop.sh]: https://scoop.sh/#/apps?q=sass
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[site configuration]: /getting-started/configuration/#configure-build
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[snap package]: /installation/linux/#snap
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[snapcraft.io]: https://snapcraft.io/dart-sass
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[starter workflow]: https://github.com/actions/starter-workflows/blob/main/pages/hugo.yml
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