mirror of
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Bjørn Erik Pedersen
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---
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title: Menus
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description: Create menus by defining entries, localizing each entry, and rendering the resulting data structure.
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categories: [content management]
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keywords: [menus]
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menu:
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docs:
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parent: content-management
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weight: 190
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weight: 190
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toc: true
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aliases: [/extras/menus/]
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---
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## Overview
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To create a menu for your site:
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1. Define the menu entries
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2. [Localize] each entry
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3. Render the menu with a [template]
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Create multiple menus, either flat or nested. For example, create a main menu for the header, and a separate menu for the footer.
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There are three ways to define menu entries:
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1. Automatically
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1. In front matter
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1. In site configuration
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{{% note %}}
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Although you can use these methods in combination when defining a menu, the menu will be easier to conceptualize and maintain if you use one method throughout the site.
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{{% /note %}}
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## Define automatically
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To automatically define menu entries for each top-level section of your site, enable the section pages menu in your site configuration.
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{{< code-toggle file=hugo >}}
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sectionPagesMenu = "main"
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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This creates a menu structure that you can access with `site.Menus.main` in your templates. See [menu templates] for details.
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## Define in front matter
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To add a page to the "main" menu:
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{{< code-toggle file=content/about.md fm=true >}}
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title = 'About'
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menus = 'main'
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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Access the entry with `site.Menus.main` in your templates. See [menu templates] for details.
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To add a page to the "main" and "footer" menus:
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{{< code-toggle file=content/contact.md fm=true >}}
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title = 'Contact'
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menus = ['main','footer']
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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Access the entry with `site.Menus.main` and `site.Menus.footer` in your templates. See [menu templates] for details.
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{{% note %}}
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The configuration key in the examples above is `menus`. The `menu` (singular) configuration key is an alias for `menus`.
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{{% /note %}}
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### Properties {#properties-front-matter}
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Use these properties when defining menu entries in front matter:
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identifier
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: (`string`) Required when two or more menu entries have the same `name`, or when localizing the `name` using translation tables. Must start with a letter, followed by letters, digits, or underscores.
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name
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: (`string`) The text to display when rendering the menu entry.
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params
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: (`map`) User-defined properties for the menu entry.
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parent
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: (`string`) The `identifier` of the parent menu entry. If `identifier` is not defined, use `name`. Required for child entries in a nested menu.
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post
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: (`string`) The HTML to append when rendering the menu entry.
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pre
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: (`string`) The HTML to prepend when rendering the menu entry.
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title
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: (`string`) The HTML `title` attribute of the rendered menu entry.
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weight
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: (`int`) A non-zero integer indicating the entry's position relative the root of the menu, or to its parent for a child entry. Lighter entries float to the top, while heavier entries sink to the bottom.
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### Example {#example-front-matter}
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This front matter menu entry demonstrates some of the available properties:
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{{< code-toggle file=content/products/software.md fm=true >}}
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title = 'Software'
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[[menus.main]]
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parent = 'Products'
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weight = 20
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pre = '<i class="fa-solid fa-code"></i>'
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[menus.main.params]
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class = 'center'
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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Access the entry with `site.Menus.main` in your templates. See [menu templates] for details.
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## Define in site configuration
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To define entries for the "main" menu:
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{{< code-toggle file=hugo >}}
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[[menus.main]]
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name = 'Home'
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pageRef = '/'
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weight = 10
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[[menus.main]]
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name = 'Products'
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pageRef = '/products'
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weight = 20
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[[menus.main]]
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name = 'Services'
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pageRef = '/services'
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weight = 30
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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This creates a menu structure that you can access with `site.Menus.main` in your templates. See [menu templates] for details.
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To define entries for the "footer" menu:
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{{< code-toggle file=hugo >}}
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[[menus.footer]]
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name = 'Terms'
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pageRef = '/terms'
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weight = 10
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[[menus.footer]]
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name = 'Privacy'
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pageRef = '/privacy'
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weight = 20
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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This creates a menu structure that you can access with `site.Menus.footer` in your templates. See [menu templates] for details.
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{{% note %}}
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The configuration key in the examples above is `menus`. The `menu` (singular) configuration key is an alias for `menus`.
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{{% /note %}}
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### Properties {#properties-site-configuration}
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{{% note %}}
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The [properties available to entries defined in front matter] are also available to entries defined in site configuration.
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[properties available to entries defined in front matter]: /content-management/menus/#properties-front-matter
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{{% /note %}}
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Each menu entry defined in site configuration requires two or more properties:
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- Specify `name` and `pageRef` for internal links
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- Specify `name` and `url` for external links
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pageRef
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: (`string`) The file path of the target page, relative to the `content` directory. Omit language code and file extension. Required for *internal* links.
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Kind|pageRef
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:--|:--
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home|`/`
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page|`/books/book-1`
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section|`/books`
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taxonomy|`/tags`
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term|`/tags/foo`
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url
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: (`string`) Required for *external* links.
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### Example {#example-site-configuration}
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This nested menu demonstrates some of the available properties:
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{{< code-toggle file=hugo >}}
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[[menus.main]]
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name = 'Products'
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pageRef = '/products'
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weight = 10
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[[menus.main]]
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name = 'Hardware'
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pageRef = '/products/hardware'
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parent = 'Products'
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weight = 1
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[[menus.main]]
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name = 'Software'
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pageRef = '/products/software'
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parent = 'Products'
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weight = 2
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[[menus.main]]
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name = 'Services'
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pageRef = '/services'
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weight = 20
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[[menus.main]]
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name = 'Hugo'
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pre = '<i class="fa fa-heart"></i>'
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url = 'https://gohugo.io/'
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weight = 30
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[menus.main.params]
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rel = 'external'
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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This creates a menu structure that you can access with `site.Menus.main` in your templates. See [menu templates] for details.
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## Localize
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Hugo provides two methods to localize your menu entries. See [multilingual].
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## Render
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See [menu templates].
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[localize]: /content-management/multilingual/#menus
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[menu templates]: /templates/menu-templates/
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[multilingual]: /content-management/multilingual/#menus
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[template]: /templates/menu-templates/
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