type-hint array in constructor parameter too

Add PHPCS & type-hinting for array function arguments. Use (CS enforced) short array notation everywhere. Thanks @DevFelixDorn

.travis.yml

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 language: php
 php:
-  - 5.3
-  - 5.4
-  - 5.5
   - 5.6
   - 7.0
-  - hhvm
+  - 7.1
+  - 7.2
+  - 7.3
 install:
   - composer update --prefer-source
 script:
-  - ./vendor/bin/phpunit
+  - vendor/bin/phpunit
 after_script:
-  - ./vendor/bin/test-reporter
+  - vendor/bin/test-reporter
 env:
   global:
     secure: XnXSc7nxJMIrm/EJ1KuwlN4f+sj2R/sR0IFHdOdbOfMKyZ/u6WEgZ3vNrdeAsisiC/QUJJ00DGku1pAl3t3Hzvam0N/SiHtXjB1ZLVbX00S1PEZ6Z+h9zoaUBXWoN6+0OdKN0Xjmj2lwvTpvUxUZXNabilOw0F9WS/+JasofqBQ=

AltoRouter.php

@@ -1,16 +1,28 @@
 <?php
+/*
+MIT License
 
-class AltoRouter {
+Copyright (c) 2012 Danny van Kooten <hi@dannyvankooten.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+class AltoRouter
+{
 
     /**
      * @var array Array of all routes (incl. named routes).
      */
-	protected $routes = array();
+    protected $routes = [];
 
     /**
      * @var array Array of all named routes.
      */
-	protected $namedRoutes = array();
+    protected $namedRoutes = [];
 
     /**
      * @var string Can be used to ignore leading part of the Request URL (if main file lives in subdirectory of host)
@@ -20,14 +32,14 @@ class AltoRouter {
     /**
      * @var array Array of default match types (regex helpers)
      */
-	protected $matchTypes = array(
+    protected $matchTypes = [
         'i'  => '[0-9]++',
         'a'  => '[0-9A-Za-z]++',
         'h'  => '[0-9A-Fa-f]++',
         '*'  => '.+?',
         '**' => '.++',
         ''   => '[^/\.]++'
-	);
+    ];
 
     /**
      * Create router in one call from config.
@@ -35,8 +47,10 @@ class AltoRouter {
      * @param array $routes
      * @param string $basePath
      * @param array $matchTypes
+     * @throws Exception
      */
-	public function __construct( $routes = array(), $basePath = '', $matchTypes = array() ) {
+    public function __construct(array $routes = [], $basePath = '', array $matchTypes = [])
+    {
         $this->addRoutes($routes);
         $this->setBasePath($basePath);
         $this->addMatchTypes($matchTypes);
@@ -47,36 +61,40 @@ class AltoRouter {
      * Useful if you want to process or display routes.
      * @return array All routes.
      */
-	public function getRoutes() {
+    public function getRoutes()
+    {
         return $this->routes;
     }
 
     /**
      * Add multiple routes at once from array in the following format:
      *
-	 *   $routes = array(
-	 *      array($method, $route, $target, $name)
-	 *   );
+     *   $routes = [
+     *      [$method, $route, $target, $name]
+     *   ];
      *
      * @param array $routes
      * @return void
      * @author Koen Punt
      * @throws Exception
      */
-	public function addRoutes($routes){
-		if(!is_array($routes) && !$routes instanceof Traversable) {
-			throw new \Exception('Routes should be an array or an instance of Traversable');
+    public function addRoutes($routes)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($routes) && !$routes instanceof Traversable) {
+            throw new RuntimeException('Routes should be an array or an instance of Traversable');
         }
-		foreach($routes as $route) {
-			call_user_func_array(array($this, 'map'), $route);
+        foreach ($routes as $route) {
+            call_user_func_array([$this, 'map'], $route);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Set the base path.
      * Useful if you are running your application from a subdirectory.
+     * @param string $basePath
      */
-	public function setBasePath($basePath) {
+    public function setBasePath($basePath)
+    {
         $this->basePath = $basePath;
     }
 
@@ -85,7 +103,8 @@ class AltoRouter {
      *
      * @param array $matchTypes The key is the name and the value is the regex.
      */
-	public function addMatchTypes($matchTypes) {
+    public function addMatchTypes(array $matchTypes)
+    {
         $this->matchTypes = array_merge($this->matchTypes, $matchTypes);
     }
 
@@ -98,17 +117,16 @@ class AltoRouter {
      * @param string $name Optional name of this route. Supply if you want to reverse route this url in your application.
      * @throws Exception
      */
-	public function map($method, $route, $target, $name = null) {
+    public function map($method, $route, $target, $name = null)
+    {
 
-		$this->routes[] = array($method, $route, $target, $name);
+        $this->routes[] = [$method, $route, $target, $name];
 
-		if($name) {
-			if(isset($this->namedRoutes[$name])) {
-				throw new \Exception("Can not redeclare route '{$name}'");
-			} else {
-				$this->namedRoutes[$name] = $route;
+        if ($name) {
+            if (isset($this->namedRoutes[$name])) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Can not redeclare route '{$name}'");
             }
-
+            $this->namedRoutes[$name] = $route;
         }
 
         return;
@@ -124,11 +142,12 @@ class AltoRouter {
      * @return string The URL of the route with named parameters in place.
      * @throws Exception
      */
-	public function generate($routeName, array $params = array()) {
+    public function generate($routeName, array $params = [])
+    {
 
         // Check if named route exists
-		if(!isset($this->namedRoutes[$routeName])) {
-			throw new \Exception("Route '{$routeName}' does not exist.");
+        if (!isset($this->namedRoutes[$routeName])) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Route '{$routeName}' does not exist.");
         }
 
         // Replace named parameters
@@ -138,22 +157,24 @@ class AltoRouter {
         $url = $this->basePath . $route;
 
         if (preg_match_all('`(/|\.|)\[([^:\]]*+)(?::([^:\]]*+))?\](\?|)`', $route, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER)) {
-
-			foreach($matches as $match) {
+            foreach ($matches as $index => $match) {
                 list($block, $pre, $type, $param, $optional) = $match;
 
                 if ($pre) {
                     $block = substr($block, 1);
                 }
 
-				if(isset($params[$param])) {
+                if (isset($params[$param])) {
+                    // Part is found, replace for param value
                     $url = str_replace($block, $params[$param], $url);
-				} elseif ($optional) {
+                } elseif ($optional && $index !== 0) {
+                    // Only strip preceding slash if it's not at the base
                     $url = str_replace($pre . $block, '', $url);
+                } else {
+                    // Strip match block
+                    $url = str_replace($block, '', $url);
                 }
             }
-
-
         }
 
         return $url;
@@ -165,13 +186,13 @@ class AltoRouter {
      * @param string $requestMethod
      * @return array|boolean Array with route information on success, false on failure (no match).
      */
-	public function match($requestUrl = null, $requestMethod = null) {
+    public function match($requestUrl = null, $requestMethod = null)
+    {
 
-		$params = array();
-		$match = false;
+        $params = [];
 
         // set Request Url if it isn't passed as parameter
-		if($requestUrl === null) {
+        if ($requestUrl === null) {
             $requestUrl = isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']) ? $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] : '/';
         }
 
@@ -184,76 +205,53 @@ class AltoRouter {
         }
 
         // set Request Method if it isn't passed as a parameter
-		if($requestMethod === null) {
+        if ($requestMethod === null) {
             $requestMethod = isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']) ? $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] : 'GET';
         }
 
-		foreach($this->routes as $handler) {
-			list($method, $_route, $target, $name) = $handler;
+        foreach ($this->routes as $handler) {
+            list($methods, $route, $target, $name) = $handler;
 
-			$methods = explode('|', $method);
-			$method_match = false;
-
-			// Check if request method matches. If not, abandon early. (CHEAP)
-			foreach($methods as $method) {
-				if (strcasecmp($requestMethod, $method) === 0) {
-					$method_match = true;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
+            $method_match = (stripos($methods, $requestMethod) !== false);
 
             // Method did not match, continue to next route.
-			if(!$method_match) continue;
+            if (!$method_match) {
+                continue;
+            }
 
-			// Check for a wildcard (matches all)
-			if ($_route === '*') {
+            if ($route === '*') {
+                // * wildcard (matches all)
                 $match = true;
-			} elseif (isset($_route[0]) && $_route[0] === '@') {
-				$pattern = '`' . substr($_route, 1) . '`u';
-				$match = preg_match($pattern, $requestUrl, $params);
+            } elseif (isset($route[0]) && $route[0] === '@') {
+                // @ regex delimiter
+                $pattern = '`' . substr($route, 1) . '`u';
+                $match = preg_match($pattern, $requestUrl, $params) === 1;
+            } elseif (($position = strpos($route, '[')) === false) {
+                // No params in url, do string comparison
+                $match = strcmp($requestUrl, $route) === 0;
             } else {
-				$route = null;
-				$regex = false;
-				$j = 0;
-				$n = isset($_route[0]) ? $_route[0] : null;
-				$i = 0;
-
-				// Find the longest non-regex substring and match it against the URI
-				while (true) {
-					if (!isset($_route[$i])) {
-						break;
-					} elseif (false === $regex) {
-						$c = $n;
-						$regex = $c === '[' || $c === '(' || $c === '.';
-						if (false === $regex && false !== isset($_route[$i+1])) {
-							$n = $_route[$i + 1];
-							$regex = $n === '?' || $n === '+' || $n === '*' || $n === '{';
+                // Compare longest non-param string with url
+                if (strncmp($requestUrl, $route, $position) !== 0) {
+                    continue;
                 }
-						if (false === $regex && $c !== '/' && (!isset($requestUrl[$j]) || $c !== $requestUrl[$j])) {
-							continue 2;
-						}
-						$j++;
-					}
-					$route .= $_route[$i++];
-				}
-
                 $regex = $this->compileRoute($route);
-				$match = preg_match($regex, $requestUrl, $params);
+                $match = preg_match($regex, $requestUrl, $params) === 1;
             }
 
-			if(($match == true || $match > 0)) {
-
-				if($params) {
-					foreach($params as $key => $value) {
-						if(is_numeric($key)) unset($params[$key]);
+            if ($match) {
+                if ($params) {
+                    foreach ($params as $key => $value) {
+                        if (is_numeric($key)) {
+                            unset($params[$key]);
+                        }
                     }
                 }
 
-				return array(
+                return [
                     'target' => $target,
                     'params' => $params,
                     'name' => $name
-				);
+                ];
             }
         }
         return false;
@@ -261,12 +259,14 @@ class AltoRouter {
 
     /**
      * Compile the regex for a given route (EXPENSIVE)
+     * @param $route
+     * @return string
      */
-	private function compileRoute($route) {
+    protected function compileRoute($route)
+    {
         if (preg_match_all('`(/|\.|)\[([^:\]]*+)(?::([^:\]]*+))?\](\?|)`', $route, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER)) {
-
             $matchTypes = $this->matchTypes;
-			foreach($matches as $match) {
+            foreach ($matches as $match) {
                 list($block, $pre, $type, $param, $optional) = $match;
 
                 if (isset($matchTypes[$type])) {
@@ -276,18 +276,21 @@ class AltoRouter {
                     $pre = '\.';
                 }
 
+                $optional = $optional !== '' ? '?' : null;
+
                 //Older versions of PCRE require the 'P' in (?P<named>)
                 $pattern = '(?:'
                         . ($pre !== '' ? $pre : null)
                         . '('
                         . ($param !== '' ? "?P<$param>" : null)
                         . $type
-						. '))'
-						. ($optional !== '' ? '?' : null);
+                        . ')'
+                        . $optional
+                        . ')'
+                        . $optional;
 
                 $route = str_replace($block, $pattern, $route);
             }
-
         }
         return "`^$route$`u";
     }

LICENSE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2012 Danny van Kooten <hi@dannyvankooten.com>
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

README.md

@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
 # AltoRouter [![Build Status](https://api.travis-ci.org/dannyvankooten/AltoRouter.png)](http://travis-ci.org/dannyvankooten/AltoRouter) [![Latest Stable Version](https://poser.pugx.org/altorouter/altorouter/v/stable.svg)](https://packagist.org/packages/altorouter/altorouter) [![License](https://poser.pugx.org/altorouter/altorouter/license.svg)](https://packagist.org/packages/altorouter/altorouter) [![Code Climate](https://codeclimate.com/github/dannyvankooten/AltoRouter/badges/gpa.svg)](https://codeclimate.com/github/dannyvankooten/AltoRouter) [![Test Coverage](https://codeclimate.com/github/dannyvankooten/AltoRouter/badges/coverage.svg)](https://codeclimate.com/github/dannyvankooten/AltoRouter)
-AltoRouter is a small but powerful routing class for PHP 5.3+, heavily inspired by [klein.php](https://github.com/chriso/klein.php/).
+AltoRouter is a small but powerful routing class, heavily inspired by [klein.php](https://github.com/chriso/klein.php/).
 
 ```php
 $router = new AltoRouter();
 
 // map homepage
-$router->map( 'GET', '/', function() {
+$router->map('GET', '/', function() {
     require __DIR__ . '/views/home.php';
 });
 
-// map users details page
-$router->map( 'GET|POST', '/users/[i:id]/', function( $id ) {
+// dynamic named route
+$router->map('GET|POST', '/users/[i:id]/', function($id) {
   $user = .....
   require __DIR__ . '/views/user/details.php';
-});
+}, 'user-details');
+
+// echo URL to user-details page for ID 5
+echo $router->generate('user-details', ['id' => 5]); // Output: "/users/5"
 ```
 
 ## Features
@@ -26,7 +29,7 @@ $router->map( 'GET|POST', '/users/[i:id]/', function( $id ) {
 
 ## Getting started
 
-You need PHP >= 5.3 to use AltoRouter.
+You need PHP >= 5.6 to use AltoRouter, although we highly recommend you [use an officially supported PHP version](https://secure.php.net/supported-versions.php) that is not EOL.
 
 - [Install AltoRouter](http://altorouter.com/usage/install.html)
 - [Rewrite all requests to AltoRouter](http://altorouter.com/usage/rewrite-requests.html)
@@ -42,9 +45,9 @@ You need PHP >= 5.3 to use AltoRouter.
 
 ## License
 
-(MIT License)
+MIT License
 
-Copyright (c) 2012-2015 Danny van Kooten <hi@dannyvankooten.com>
+Copyright (c) 2012 Danny van Kooten <hi@dannyvankooten.com>
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 

composer.json

@@ -20,11 +20,12 @@
       }
    ],
    "require": {
-      "php": ">=5.3.0"
+      "php": ">=5.6.0"
    },
    "require-dev": {
-      "phpunit/phpunit": "4.5.*",
-      "codeclimate/php-test-reporter": "dev-master"
+      "phpunit/phpunit": "5.7.*",
+      "codeclimate/php-test-reporter": "dev-master",
+      "squizlabs/php_codesniffer": "3.4.2"
    },
    "autoload": {
       "classmap": ["AltoRouter.php"]

examples/basic/index.php

@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
 <?php
 
-require '../../AltoRouter.php';
+require __DIR__ . '/../../AltoRouter.php';
+
+/**
+ * This can be useful if you're using PHP's built-in web server, to serve files like images or css
+ * @link https://secure.php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.webserver.php
+ */
+if (file_exists($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']) && pathinfo($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'], PATHINFO_EXTENSION) !== 'php') {
+    return;
+}
 
 $router = new AltoRouter();
 $router->setBasePath('/AltoRouter/examples/basic');
-$router->map('GET|POST','/', 'home#index', 'home');
-$router->map('GET','/users/', array('c' => 'UserController', 'a' => 'ListAction'));
-$router->map('GET','/users/[i:id]', 'users#show', 'users_show');
-$router->map('POST','/users/[i:id]/[delete|update:action]', 'usersController#doAction', 'users_do');
+$router->map('GET|POST', '/', 'home#index', 'home');
+$router->map('GET', '/users/', ['c' => 'UserController', 'a' => 'ListAction']);
+$router->map('GET', '/users/[i:id]', 'users#show', 'users_show');
+$router->map('POST', '/users/[i:id]/[delete|update:action]', 'usersController#doAction', 'users_do');
 
 // match current request
 $match = $router->match();
@@ -23,5 +31,5 @@ $match = $router->match();
 
 <h3>Try these requests: </h3>
 <p><a href="<?php echo $router->generate('home'); ?>">GET <?php echo $router->generate('home'); ?></a></p>
-<p><a href="<?php echo $router->generate('users_show', array('id' => 5)); ?>">GET <?php echo $router->generate('users_show', array('id' => 5)); ?></a></p>
-<p><form action="<?php echo $router->generate('users_do', array('id' => 10, 'action' => 'update')); ?>" method="post"><button type="submit"><?php echo $router->generate('users_do', array('id' => 10, 'action' => 'update')); ?></button></form></p>
+<p><a href="<?php echo $router->generate('users_show', ['id' => 5]); ?>">GET <?php echo $router->generate('users_show', ['id' => 5]); ?></a></p>
+<p><form action="<?php echo $router->generate('users_do', ['id' => 10, 'action' => 'update']); ?>" method="post"><button type="submit"><?php echo $router->generate('users_do', ['id' => 10, 'action' => 'update']); ?></button></form></p>

phpcs.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<ruleset name="rules">
+    <description>rules</description>
+    <rule ref="PSR2"/>
+    <rule ref="Generic.Arrays.DisallowLongArraySyntax"/>
+    <file>tests</file>
+    <file>AltoRouter.php</file>
+    <file>examples/</file>
+    <arg name="colors"/>
+</ruleset>

phpunit.xml.dist

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 		</testsuite>
 	</testsuites>
 	<filter>
-		<blacklist>
-			<directory>./vendor/</directory>
-		</blacklist>
+        <whitelist>
+            <file>./AltoRouter.php</file>
+        </whitelist>
 	</filter>
 	<logging>
 		<log type="coverage-clover" target="build/logs/clover.xml"/>

tests/AltoRouterTest.php

@@ -2,49 +2,52 @@
 
 require 'AltoRouter.php';
 
-class AltoRouterDebug extends AltoRouter{
-
-	public function getNamedRoutes(){
+class AltoRouterDebug extends AltoRouter
+{
+    public function getNamedRoutes()
+    {
         return $this->namedRoutes;
     }
 
-	public function getBasePath(){
+    public function getBasePath()
+    {
         return $this->basePath;
     }
-
 }
 
-class SimpleTraversable implements Iterator{
+class SimpleTraversable implements Iterator
+{
 
     protected $_position = 0;
 
-	protected $_data = array(
-		array('GET', '/foo', 'foo_action', null),
-		array('POST', '/bar', 'bar_action', 'second_route')
-	);
+    protected $_data = [
+        ['GET', '/foo', 'foo_action', null],
+        ['POST', '/bar', 'bar_action', 'second_route']
+    ];
 
-	public function current(){
+    public function current()
+    {
         return $this->_data[$this->_position];
     }
-	public function key(){
+    public function key()
+    {
         return $this->_position;
     }
-	public function next(){
+    public function next()
+    {
         ++$this->_position;
     }
-	public function rewind(){
+    public function rewind()
+    {
         $this->_position = 0;
     }
-	public function valid(){
+    public function valid()
+    {
         return isset($this->_data[$this->_position]);
     }
-
 }
 
-/**
- * Generated by PHPUnit_SkeletonGenerator 1.2.1 on 2013-07-14 at 17:47:46.
- */
-class AltoRouterTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
+class AltoRouterTest extends PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
 {
     /**
      * @var AltoRouter
@@ -75,11 +78,13 @@ class AltoRouterTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
     {
         $method = 'POST';
         $route = '/[:controller]/[:action]';
-		$target = function(){};
+        $target = static function () {
+        };
 
         $this->assertInternalType('array', $this->router->getRoutes());
+        // $this->assertIsArray($this->router->getRoutes()); // for phpunit 7.x
         $this->router->map($method, $route, $target);
-		$this->assertEquals(array(array($method, $route, $target, null)), $this->router->getRoutes());
+        $this->assertEquals([[$method, $route, $target, null]], $this->router->getRoutes());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -89,17 +94,18 @@ class AltoRouterTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
     {
         $method = 'POST';
         $route = '/[:controller]/[:action]';
-		$target = function(){};
+        $target = static function () {
+        };
         
-		$this->router->addRoutes(array(
-			array($method, $route, $target),
-			array($method, $route, $target, 'second_route')
-		));
+        $this->router->addRoutes([
+        [$method, $route, $target],
+        [$method, $route, $target, 'second_route']
+        ]);
         
         $routes = $this->router->getRoutes();
         
-		$this->assertEquals(array($method, $route, $target, null), $routes[0]);
-		$this->assertEquals(array($method, $route, $target, 'second_route'), $routes[1]);
+        $this->assertEquals([$method, $route, $target, null], $routes[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals([$method, $route, $target, 'second_route'], $routes[1]);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -150,13 +156,14 @@ class AltoRouterTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
     {
         $method = 'POST';
         $route = '/[:controller]/[:action]';
-		$target = function(){};
+        $target = static function () {
+        };
         
         $this->router->map($method, $route, $target);
         
         $routes = $this->router->getRoutes();
         
-		$this->assertEquals(array($method, $route, $target, null), $routes[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals([$method, $route, $target, null], $routes[0]);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -166,21 +173,22 @@ class AltoRouterTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
     {
         $method = 'POST';
         $route = '/[:controller]/[:action]';
-		$target = function(){};
+        $target = static function () {
+        };
         $name = 'myroute';
         
         $this->router->map($method, $route, $target, $name);
         
         $routes = $this->router->getRoutes();
-		$this->assertEquals(array($method, $route, $target, $name), $routes[0]);
+        $this->assertEquals([$method, $route, $target, $name], $routes[0]);
         
         $named_routes = $this->router->getNamedRoutes();
         $this->assertEquals($route, $named_routes[$name]);
         
-		try{
+        try {
             $this->router->map($method, $route, $target, $name);
             $this->fail('Should not be able to add existing named route');
-		}catch(Exception $e){
+        } catch (Exception $e) {
             $this->assertEquals("Can not redeclare route '{$name}'", $e->getMessage());
         }
     }
@@ -191,55 +199,96 @@ class AltoRouterTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
      */
     public function testGenerate()
     {
-		$params = array(
+        $params =[
             'controller' => 'test',
             'action' => 'someaction'
+        ];
+        
+        $this->router->map('GET', '/[:controller]/[:action]', static function () {
+        }, 'foo_route');
+        
+        $this->assertEquals(
+            '/test/someaction',
+            $this->router->generate('foo_route', $params)
         );
         
-		$this->router->map('GET', '/[:controller]/[:action]', function(){}, 'foo_route');
-		
-		$this->assertEquals('/test/someaction',
-			$this->router->generate('foo_route', $params));
-		
-		$params = array(
+        $params = [
             'controller' => 'test',
             'action' => 'someaction',
             'type' => 'json'
+        ];
+        
+        $this->assertEquals(
+            '/test/someaction',
+            $this->router->generate('foo_route', $params)
         );
-		
-		$this->assertEquals('/test/someaction',
-			$this->router->generate('foo_route', $params));
-		
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @covers AltoRouter::generate
+     */
     public function testGenerateWithOptionalUrlParts()
     {
-		$this->router->map('GET', '/[:controller]/[:action].[:type]?', function(){}, 'bar_route');
+        $this->router->map('GET', '/[:controller]/[:action].[:type]?', static function () {
+        }, 'bar_route');
         
-		$params = array(
+        $params = [
             'controller' => 'test',
             'action' => 'someaction'
+        ];
+        
+        $this->assertEquals(
+            '/test/someaction',
+            $this->router->generate('bar_route', $params)
         );
         
-		$this->assertEquals('/test/someaction',
-			$this->router->generate('bar_route', $params));
-		
-		$params = array(
+        $params = [
             'controller' => 'test',
             'action' => 'someaction',
             'type' => 'json'
-		);
+        ];
         
-		$this->assertEquals('/test/someaction.json',
-			$this->router->generate('bar_route', $params));
+        $this->assertEquals(
+            '/test/someaction.json',
+            $this->router->generate('bar_route', $params)
+        );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * GitHub #98
+     * @covers AltoRouter::generate
+     */
+    public function testGenerateWithOptionalPartOnBareUrl()
+    {
+        $this->router->map('GET', '/[i:page]?', static function () {
+        }, 'bare_route');
+        
+        $params = [
+            'page' => 1
+        ];
+        
+        $this->assertEquals(
+            '/1',
+            $this->router->generate('bare_route', $params)
+        );
+        
+        $params = [];
+        
+        $this->assertEquals(
+            '/',
+            $this->router->generate('bare_route', $params)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @covers AltoRouter::generate
+     */
     public function testGenerateWithNonexistingRoute()
     {
-		try{
+        try {
             $this->router->generate('nonexisting_route');
             $this->fail('Should trigger an exception on nonexisting named route');
-		}catch(Exception $e){
+        } catch (Exception $e) {
             $this->assertEquals("Route 'nonexisting_route' does not exist.", $e->getMessage());
         }
     }
@@ -252,60 +301,98 @@ class AltoRouterTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
     {
         $this->router->map('GET', '/foo/[:controller]/[:action]', 'foo_action', 'foo_route');
         
-		$this->assertEquals(array(
+        $this->assertEquals([
             'target' => 'foo_action',
-			'params' => array(
+            'params' => [
                 'controller' => 'test',
                 'action' => 'do'
-			),
+            ],
             'name' => 'foo_route'
-		), $this->router->match('/foo/test/do', 'GET'));
+        ], $this->router->match('/foo/test/do', 'GET'));
         
         $this->assertFalse($this->router->match('/foo/test/do', 'POST'));
         
-		$this->assertEquals(array(
+        $this->assertEquals([
             'target' => 'foo_action',
-			'params' => array(
+            'params' => [
                 'controller' => 'test',
                 'action' => 'do'
-			),
+            ],
             'name' => 'foo_route'
-		), $this->router->match('/foo/test/do?param=value', 'GET'));
-		
+        ], $this->router->match('/foo/test/do?param=value', 'GET'));
     }
 
-	public function testMatchWithNonRegex() {
-		$this->router->map('GET','/about-us', 'PagesController#about', 'about_us');
+    /**
+     * @covers AltoRouter::match
+     */
+    public function testMatchWithNonRegex()
+    {
+        $this->router->map('GET', '/about-us', 'PagesController#about', 'about_us');
 
-		$this->assertEquals(array(
+        $this->assertEquals([
             'target' => 'PagesController#about',
-			'params' => array(),
+            'params' => [],
             'name' => 'about_us'
-		), $this->router->match('/about-us', 'GET'));
+        ], $this->router->match('/about-us', 'GET'));
 
         $this->assertFalse($this->router->match('/about-us', 'POST'));
         $this->assertFalse($this->router->match('/about', 'GET'));
         $this->assertFalse($this->router->match('/about-us-again', 'GET'));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @covers AltoRouter::match
+     */
     public function testMatchWithFixedParamValues()
     {
-		$this->router->map('POST','/users/[i:id]/[delete|update:action]', 'usersController#doAction', 'users_do');
+        $this->router->map('POST', '/users/[i:id]/[delete|update:action]', 'usersController#doAction', 'users_do');
         
-		$this->assertEquals(array(
+        $this->assertEquals([
             'target' => 'usersController#doAction',
-			'params' => array(
+            'params' => [
                 'id' => 1,
                 'action' => 'delete'
-			),
+            ],
             'name' => 'users_do'
-		), $this->router->match('/users/1/delete', 'POST'));
+        ], $this->router->match('/users/1/delete', 'POST'));
         
         $this->assertFalse($this->router->match('/users/1/delete', 'GET'));
         $this->assertFalse($this->router->match('/users/abc/delete', 'POST'));
         $this->assertFalse($this->router->match('/users/1/create', 'GET'));
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @covers AltoRouter::match
+     */
+    public function testMatchWithPlainRoute()
+    {
+        $router = $this->getMockBuilder('AltoRouterDebug')
+            ->setMethods(['compileRoute'])
+            ->getMock();
+        
+        // this should prove that compileRoute is not called when the route doesn't
+        // have any params in it, but this doesn't work because compileRoute is private.
+        $router->expects($this->never())
+            ->method('compileRoute');
+
+        $router->map('GET', '/contact', 'website#contact', 'contact');
+
+        // exact match, so no regex compilation necessary
+        $this->assertEquals([
+            'target' => 'website#contact',
+            'params' => [],
+            'name' => 'contact'
+        ], $router->match('/contact', 'GET'));
+
+        $router->map('GET', '/page/[:id]', 'pages#show', 'page');
+
+        // no prefix match, so no regex compilation necessary
+        $this->assertFalse($router->match('/page1', 'GET'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @covers AltoRouter::match
+     */
     public function testMatchWithServerVars()
     {
         $this->router->map('GET', '/foo/[:controller]/[:action]', 'foo_action', 'foo_route');
@@ -313,59 +400,98 @@ class AltoRouterTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
         $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] = '/foo/test/do';
         $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] = 'GET';
         
-		$this->assertEquals(array(
+        $this->assertEquals([
             'target' => 'foo_action',
-			'params' => array(
+            'params' => [
                 'controller' => 'test',
                 'action' => 'do'
-			),
+            ],
             'name' => 'foo_route'
-		), $this->router->match());
+        ], $this->router->match());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @covers AltoRouter::match
+     */
     public function testMatchWithOptionalUrlParts()
     {
         $this->router->map('GET', '/bar/[:controller]/[:action].[:type]?', 'bar_action', 'bar_route');
         
-		$this->assertEquals(array(
+        $this->assertEquals([
             'target' => 'bar_action',
-			'params' => array(
+            'params' => [
                 'controller' => 'test',
                 'action' => 'do',
                 'type' => 'json'
-			),
+            ],
             'name' => 'bar_route'
-		), $this->router->match('/bar/test/do.json', 'GET'));
+        ], $this->router->match('/bar/test/do.json', 'GET'));
         
+        $this->assertEquals([
+            'target' => 'bar_action',
+            'params' => [
+                'controller' => 'test',
+                'action' => 'do'
+            ],
+            'name' => 'bar_route'
+        ], $this->router->match('/bar/test/do', 'GET'));
     }
     
+    /**
+     * GitHub #98
+     * @covers AltoRouter::match
+     */
+    public function testMatchWithOptionalPartOnBareUrl()
+    {
+        $this->router->map('GET', '/[i:page]?', 'bare_action', 'bare_route');
+        
+        $this->assertEquals([
+            'target' => 'bare_action',
+            'params' => [
+                'page' => 1
+            ],
+            'name' => 'bare_route'
+        ], $this->router->match('/1', 'GET'));
+        
+        $this->assertEquals([
+            'target' => 'bare_action',
+            'params' => [],
+            'name' => 'bare_route'
+        ], $this->router->match('/', 'GET'));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @covers AltoRouter::match
+     */
     public function testMatchWithWildcard()
     {
         $this->router->map('GET', '/a', 'foo_action', 'foo_route');
         $this->router->map('GET', '*', 'bar_action', 'bar_route');
         
-		$this->assertEquals(array(
+        $this->assertEquals([
             'target' => 'bar_action',
-			'params' => array(),
+            'params' => [],
             'name' => 'bar_route'
-		), $this->router->match('/everything', 'GET'));
-		
+        ], $this->router->match('/everything', 'GET'));
     }
-	
+    /**
+     * @covers AltoRouter::match
+     */
     public function testMatchWithCustomRegexp()
     {
         $this->router->map('GET', '@^/[a-z]*$', 'bar_action', 'bar_route');
         
-		$this->assertEquals(array(
+        $this->assertEquals([
             'target' => 'bar_action',
-			'params' => array(),
+            'params' => [],
             'name' => 'bar_route'
-		), $this->router->match('/everything', 'GET'));
+        ], $this->router->match('/everything', 'GET'));
         
         $this->assertFalse($this->router->match('/some-other-thing', 'GET'));
-		
     }
-
+    /**
+     * @covers AltoRouter::match
+     */
     public function testMatchWithUnicodeRegex()
     {
         $pattern = '/(?<path>[^';
@@ -382,13 +508,13 @@ class AltoRouterTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
         
         $this->router->map('GET', '@' . $pattern, 'unicode_action', 'unicode_route');
         
-		$this->assertEquals(array(
+        $this->assertEquals([
             'target' => 'unicode_action',
             'name' => 'unicode_route',
-			'params' => array(
+            'params' => [
                 'path' => '大家好'
-			)
-		), $this->router->match('/大家好', 'GET'));
+            ]
+        ], $this->router->match('/大家好', 'GET'));
         
         $this->assertFalse($this->router->match('/﷽‎', 'GET'));
     }
@@ -398,29 +524,30 @@ class AltoRouterTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
      */
     public function testMatchWithCustomNamedRegex()
     {
-		$this->router->addMatchTypes(array('cId' => '[a-zA-Z]{2}[0-9](?:_[0-9]++)?'));
+        $this->router->addMatchTypes(['cId' => '[a-zA-Z]{2}[0-9](?:_[0-9]++)?']);
         $this->router->map('GET', '/bar/[cId:customId]', 'bar_action', 'bar_route');
         
-		$this->assertEquals(array(
+        $this->assertEquals([
             'target' => 'bar_action',
-			'params' => array(
+            'params' => [
                 'customId' => 'AB1',
-			),
+            ],
             'name' => 'bar_route'
-		), $this->router->match('/bar/AB1', 'GET'));
+        ], $this->router->match('/bar/AB1', 'GET'));
 
-		$this->assertEquals(array(
+        $this->assertEquals([
             'target' => 'bar_action',
-			'params' => array(
+            'params' => [
                 'customId' => 'AB1_0123456789',
-			),
+            ],
             'name' => 'bar_route'
-		), $this->router->match('/bar/AB1_0123456789', 'GET'));
+        ], $this->router->match('/bar/AB1_0123456789', 'GET'));
         
         $this->assertFalse($this->router->match('/some-other-thing', 'GET'));
-		
     }
-
+    /**
+     * @covers AltoRouter::addMatchTypes
+     */
     public function testMatchWithCustomNamedUnicodeRegex()
     {
         $pattern = '[^';
@@ -431,16 +558,16 @@ class AltoRouterTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
         $pattern .= '\x{0750}-\x{077F}';
         $pattern .= ']+';
         
-		$this->router->addMatchTypes(array('nonArabic' => $pattern));
+        $this->router->addMatchTypes(['nonArabic' => $pattern]);
         $this->router->map('GET', '/bar/[nonArabic:string]', 'non_arabic_action', 'non_arabic_route');
         
-		$this->assertEquals(array(
+        $this->assertEquals([
             'target' => 'non_arabic_action',
             'name' => 'non_arabic_route',
-			'params' => array(
+            'params' => [
                 'string' => 'some-path'
-			)
-		), $this->router->match('/bar/some-path', 'GET'));
+            ]
+        ], $this->router->match('/bar/some-path', 'GET'));
         
         $this->assertFalse($this->router->match('/﷽‎', 'GET'));
     }

tests/benchmark.php

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * Benchmark Altorouter
+ *
+ * Usage: php ./tests/benchmark.php <iterations>
+ *
+ * Options:
+ *
+ * <iterations>:
+ * The number of routes to map & match. Defaults to 1000.
+ */
+
+require __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
+
+global $argv;
+$n = isset($argv[1]) ? intval($argv[1]) : 1000;
+
+// generates a random request url
+function random_request_url()
+{
+    $characters = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
+    $charactersLength = strlen($characters);
+    $randomString = '/';
+
+    // create random path of 5-20 characters
+    for ($i = 0; $i < rand(5, 20); $i++) {
+        $randomString .= $characters[rand(0, $charactersLength - 1)];
+
+        if (rand(1, 10) === 1) {
+            $randomString .= '/';
+        }
+    }
+
+    // add dynamic route with 10% chance
+    if (rand(1, 10) === 1) {
+        $randomString = rtrim($randomString, '/') . '/[:part]';
+    }
+
+    return $randomString;
+}
+
+// generate a random request method
+function random_request_method()
+{
+    static $methods = [ 'GET', 'GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'PATCH', 'DELETE' ];
+    $random_key = array_rand($methods);
+    return $methods[ $random_key ];
+}
+
+// prepare benchmark data
+$requests = [];
+for ($i=0; $i<$n; $i++) {
+    $requests[] = [
+        'method' => random_request_method(),
+        'url' => random_request_url(),
+    ];
+}
+
+$router = new AltoRouter();
+
+// map requests
+$start = microtime(true);
+foreach ($requests as $r) {
+    $router->map($r['method'], $r['url'], '');
+}
+$end = microtime(true);
+$map_time = ($end - $start) * 1000;
+echo sprintf('Map time: %.2f ms', $map_time) . PHP_EOL;
+
+
+// pick random route to match
+$r = $requests[array_rand($requests)];
+
+// match random known route
+$start = microtime(true);
+$router->match($r['url'], $r['method']);
+$end = microtime(true);
+$match_time_known_route = ($end - $start) * 1000;
+echo sprintf('Match time (known route): %.2f ms', $match_time_known_route) . PHP_EOL;
+
+// match unexisting route
+$start = microtime(true);
+$router->match('/55-foo-bar', 'GET');
+$end = microtime(true);
+$match_time_unknown_route = ($end - $start) * 1000;
+echo sprintf('Match time (unknown route): %.2f ms', $match_time_unknown_route) . PHP_EOL;
+
+// print totals
+echo sprintf('Total time: %.2f seconds', ($map_time + $match_time_known_route + $match_time_unknown_route)) . PHP_EOL;
+echo sprintf('Memory usage: %d KB', round(memory_get_usage() / 1024)) . PHP_EOL;
+echo sprintf('Peak memory usage: %d KB', round(memory_get_peak_usage(true) / 1024)) . PHP_EOL;