diff --git a/lib/models/node.js b/lib/models/node.js
index 179fcbd17..9d3206742 100644
--- a/lib/models/node.js
+++ b/lib/models/node.js
@@ -429,10 +429,11 @@ const Node = {
    * @return {Node || Void}
    */
 
-  getDescedantAtPath(path) {
+  getDescendantAtPath(path) {
     let descendant = this
 
     for (const index of path) {
+      if (!descendant) return
       if (!descendant.nodes) return
       descendant = descendant.nodes.get(index)
     }
@@ -770,7 +771,7 @@ const Node = {
 
     while (parent = this.getParent(child)) {
       const index = parent.nodes.indexOf(child)
-      path.push(index)
+      path.unshift(index)
       child = parent
     }
 
diff --git a/lib/transforms/by-key.js b/lib/transforms/by-key.js
index 54cfae274..592e2caad 100644
--- a/lib/transforms/by-key.js
+++ b/lib/transforms/by-key.js
@@ -1,6 +1,205 @@
 
 import Normalize from '../utils/normalize'
 
+/**
+ * Insert `text` at `index` in node by `key`.
+ *
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Number} index
+ * @param {String} text
+ * @param {Set} marks (optional)
+ * @return {Transform}
+ */
+
+export function insertTextByKey(transform, key, index, text, marks) {
+  let { state } = transform
+  let { document } = state
+  let node = document.assertDescendant(key)
+  const path = document.getPath(node)
+
+  node = node.insertText(index, text, marks)
+  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+
+  transform.state = state
+  transform.operations.push({
+    type: 'insert-text',
+    index,
+    marks,
+    path,
+    text,
+  })
+
+  return transform
+}
+
+/**
+ * Remove text at `index` and `length` in node by `key`.
+ *
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Number} index
+ * @param {Number} length
+ * @return {Transform}
+ */
+
+export function removeTextByKey(transform, key, index, length) {
+  let { state } = transform
+  let { document } = state
+  let node = document.assertDescendant(key)
+  const path = document.getPath(node)
+
+  node = node.removeText(index, length)
+  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
+  document = document.normalize()
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+
+  transform.state = state
+  transform.operations.push({
+    type: 'remove-text',
+    index,
+    length,
+    path,
+  })
+
+  return transform
+}
+
+/**
+ * Add mark to text at `index` and `length` in node by `key`.
+ *
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Number} index
+ * @param {Number} length
+ * @param {Mark} mark
+ * @return {Transform}
+ */
+
+export function addMarkByKey(transform, key, index, length, mark) {
+  let { state } = transform
+  let { document } = state
+  let node = document.assertDescendant(key)
+  const path = document.getPath(node)
+
+  node = node.addMark(index, length, mark)
+  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+
+  transform.state = state
+  transform.operations.push({
+    type: 'add-mark',
+    index,
+    length,
+    mark,
+    path,
+  })
+
+  return transform
+}
+
+/**
+ * Remove mark from text at `index` and `length` in node by `key`.
+ *
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Number} index
+ * @param {Number} length
+ * @param {Mark} mark
+ * @return {Transform}
+ */
+
+export function removeMarkByKey(transform, key, index, length, mark) {
+  let { state } = transform
+  let { document } = state
+  let node = document.assertDescendant(key)
+  const path = document.getPath(node)
+
+  node = node.removeMark(index, length, mark)
+  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+
+  transform.state = state
+  transform.operations.push({
+    type: 'remove-mark',
+    index,
+    length,
+    mark,
+    path,
+  })
+
+  return transform
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set `properties` on mark on text at `index` and `length` in node by `key`.
+ *
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Number} index
+ * @param {Number} length
+ * @param {Mark} mark
+ * @return {Transform}
+ */
+
+export function setMarkByKey(transform, key, index, length, mark, properties) {
+  properties = Normalize.markProperties(properties)
+  let { state } = transform
+  let { document } = state
+  let node = document.assertDescendant(key)
+  const path = document.getPath(node)
+
+  node = node.updateMark(index, length, mark, properties)
+  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+
+  transform.state = state
+  transform.operations.push({
+    type: 'set-mark',
+    index,
+    length,
+    mark,
+    path,
+    properties,
+  })
+
+  return transform
+}
+
+/**
+ * Insert a `node` at `index` in a node by `key`.
+ *
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {String} key
+ * @param {Number} index
+ * @param {Node} node
+ * @return {Transform}
+ */
+
+export function insertNodeAfterNodeByKey(transform, key, index, node) {
+  let { state } = transform
+  let { document } = state
+  let parent = document.assertDescendant(key)
+  const path = document.getPath(parent)
+  const nodes = parent.nodes.splice(index + 1, 0, node)
+
+  parent = parent.merge({ nodes })
+  document = document.updateDescendant(parent)
+  document = document.normalize()
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+
+  transform.state = state
+  transform.operations.push({
+    type: 'insert-node',
+    index,
+    node,
+    path,
+  })
+
+  return transform
+}
+
 /**
  * Remove a node by `key`.
  *
@@ -12,10 +211,23 @@ import Normalize from '../utils/normalize'
 export function removeNodeByKey(transform, key) {
   let { state } = transform
   let { document } = state
-  document = document.removeDescendant(key)
+  const node = document.assertDescendant(key)
+  const path = document.getPath(node)
+  let parent = document.getParent(node)
+  const index = parent.nodes.indexOf(node)
+  const isParent = document == parent
+
+  parent = parent.removeNode(index)
+  document = isParent ? parent : document.updateDescendant(parent)
   document = document.normalize()
   state = state.merge({ document })
+
   transform.state = state
+  transform.operations.push({
+    type: 'remove-node',
+    path,
+  })
+
   return transform
 }
 
@@ -24,7 +236,7 @@ export function removeNodeByKey(transform, key) {
  *
  * @param {Transform} transform
  * @param {String} key
- * @param {Object or String} properties
+ * @param {Object || String} properties
  * @return {Transform}
  */
 
@@ -32,56 +244,62 @@ export function setNodeByKey(transform, key, properties) {
   properties = Normalize.nodeProperties(properties)
   let { state } = transform
   let { document } = state
-  let descendant = document.assertDescendant(key)
-  descendant = descendant.merge(properties)
-  document = document.updateDescendant(descendant)
+  let node = document.assertDescendant(key)
+  const path = document.getPath(node)
+
+  node = node.merge(properties)
+  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
+  document = document.normalize()
   state = state.merge({ document })
+
   transform.state = state
+  transform.operations.push({
+    type: 'set-node',
+    path,
+    properties,
+  })
+
   return transform
 }
 
 /**
- * Insert a `node` after a node by `key`.
+ * Move a node by `key` to a new parent by `key` and `index`.
  *
  * @param {Transform} transform
  * @param {String} key
- * @param {Node} node
+ * @param {String} newKey
+ * @param {Number} index
  * @return {Transform}
  */
 
-export function insertNodeAfterNodeByKey(transform, key, node) {
+export function moveNodeByKey(transform, key, newKey, newIndex) {
   let { state } = transform
   let { document } = state
-  let descendant = document.assertDescendant(key)
-  let parent = document.getParent(key)
-  let index = parent.nodes.indexOf(descendant)
-  let nodes = parent.nodes.splice(index + 1, 0, node)
-  parent = parent.merge({ nodes })
-  document = document.updateDescendant(parent)
-  state = state.merge({ document })
-  transform.state = state
-  return transform
-}
-
-/**
- * Insert a `node` before a node by `key`.
- *
- * @param {Transform} transform
- * @param {String} key
- * @param {Node} node
- * @return {Transform}
- */
-
-export function insertNodeBeforeNodeByKey(transform, key, node) {
-  let { state } = transform
-  let { document } = state
-  let descendant = document.assertDescendant(key)
-  let parent = document.getParent(key)
-  let index = parent.nodes.indexOf(descendant)
-  let nodes = parent.nodes.splice(index, 0, node)
-  parent = parent.merge({ nodes })
-  document = document.updateDescendant(parent)
+  const node = document.assertDescendant(key)
+  const path = document.getPath(node)
+  const newPath = document.getPath(newKey)
+  let parent = document.getParent(node)
+  const isParent = document == parent
+  const index = parent.nodes.indexOf(node)
+
+  parent = parent.removeNode(index)
+  document = isParent ? parent : document.updateDescendant(parent)
+
+  let target = document.assertDescendant(newKey)
+  const isTarget = document == target
+
+  target = target.insertNode(newIndex, node)
+  document = isTarget ? target : document.updateDescendant(target)
+  document = document.normalize()
   state = state.merge({ document })
+
   transform.state = state
+  transform.operations.push({
+    type: 'move-node',
+    path,
+    newPath,
+    newIndex,
+  })
+
   return transform
 }