diff --git a/examples/links/index.js b/examples/links/index.js
index 8249dde4e..670f3373b 100644
--- a/examples/links/index.js
+++ b/examples/links/index.js
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ class Links extends React.Component {
 
   onChange = (state) => {
     this.setState({ state })
-    console.log(state.document.toJS())
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/lib/models/transform.js b/lib/models/transform.js
index ba662afd3..327cbf8c2 100644
--- a/lib/models/transform.js
+++ b/lib/models/transform.js
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 
-import Operations from '../transforms/operations'
 import Transforms from '../transforms'
-import { List, Record } from 'immutable'
 
 /**
  * Transform.
@@ -18,10 +16,13 @@ class Transform {
    */
 
   constructor(properties) {
-    const { state } = properties
-    this.initialState = state
+    const { state, operations = [] } = properties
     this.state = state
     this.operations = []
+
+    operations.forEach(op => {
+      this.applyOperation(op)
+    })
   }
 
   /**
@@ -34,26 +35,6 @@ class Transform {
     return 'transform'
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Add an `operation` to the transform that resulted in `state`.
-   *
-   * @param {Object} operation
-   * @return {Transform}
-   */
-
-  operate(operation) {
-    const { type } = operation
-    const fn = Operations[type]
-
-    if (!fn) {
-      throw new Error(`Unknown operation type: "${type}".`)
-    }
-
-    this.state = fn(this.state, operation)
-    this.operations.push(operation)
-    return this
-  }
-
   /**
    * Apply the transform and return the new state.
    *
@@ -64,38 +45,38 @@ class Transform {
    */
 
   apply(options = {}) {
-    let { initialState, state, operations } = this
-    let { history, selection } = state
-    let { marks } = selection
+    let { state, operations } = this
+    let { history } = state
     let { undos, redos } = history
 
+    // If there are no operations, abort early.
+    if (!operations.length) return state
+
+    // The `isNative` flag allows for natively-handled changes to skip
+    // rerendering the editor for improved performance.
+    const isNative = !!options.isNative
+
     // Determine whether we need to create a new snapshot.
     const shouldSnapshot = options.snapshot == null
       ? this.shouldSnapshot()
       : options.snapshot
 
-    // If we should, save a snapshot into the history before transforming.
+    // Either create a new snapshot, or push the operations into the previous.
     if (shouldSnapshot) {
-      const snapshot = this.snapshot()
+      const snapshot = { operations }
       undos = undos.push(snapshot)
-      if (undos.size > 100) undos = undos.take(100)
-      redos = redos.clear()
-      history = history.merge({ undos, redos })
-      state = state.merge({ history })
+    } else {
+      const snapshot = undos.peek()
+      snapshot.operations = snapshot.operations.concat(operations)
     }
 
-    // Check whether to remove the cursor marks.
-    // if (options.snapshot !== false && initialState.selection.marks) {
-    //   selection = selection.merge({ marks: null })
-    //   state = state.merge({ selection })
-    // }
-
-    // Apply the "isNative" flag, which is used to allow for natively-handled
-    // content changes to skip rerendering the editor for performance.
-    state = state.merge({
-      isNative: !!options.isNative
-    })
+    // Clear the redo stack and constrain the undos stack.
+    if (undos.size > 100) undos = undos.take(100)
+    redos = redos.clear()
 
+    // Update the state.
+    history = history.merge({ undos, redos })
+    state = state.merge({ history, isNative })
     return state
   }
 
@@ -114,69 +95,32 @@ class Transform {
     // If there isn't a previous state, snapshot.
     if (!previous) return true
 
-    // If the only operations applied are selection operations, don't snapshot.
-    const onlySelections = operations.every(op => op.type == 'set_selection')
-    if (onlySelections) return false
+    const types = operations.map(op => op.type)
+    const prevTypes = previous.operations.map(op => op.type)
+    const edits = types.filter(type => type != 'set_selection')
+    const prevEdits = prevTypes.filter(type => type != 'set_selection')
 
-    // If the current operations aren't one of the "combinable" types, snapshot.
-    const onlyInsert = operations.every(op => op.type == 'insert_text')
-    const onlyRemove = operations.every(op => op.type == 'remove_text')
-    const onlyPrevInsert = previous.operations.every(op => op.type == 'insert_text')
-    const onlyPrevRemove = previous.operations.every(op => op.type == 'remove_text')
-    if (onlyInsert && onlyPrevInsert) return false
-    if (onlyRemove && onlyPrevRemove) return false
+    const onlySelections = types.every(type => type == 'set_selection')
+    const onlyInsert = edits.every(type => type == 'insert_text')
+    const onlyRemove = edits.every(type => type == 'remove_text')
+    const prevOnlySelections = prevTypes.every(type => type == 'set_selection')
+    const prevOnlyInsert = prevEdits.every(type => type == 'insert_text')
+    const prevOnlyRemove = prevEdits.every(type => type == 'remove_text')
+
+    // If the only operations applied are selection operations, or if the
+    // current operations are all text editing, don't snapshot.
+    if (
+      (onlySelections) ||
+      (!prevOnlySelections && onlyInsert && prevOnlyInsert) ||
+      (!prevOnlySelections && onlyRemove && prevOnlyRemove)
+    ) {
+      return false
+    }
 
     // Otherwise, snapshot.
     return true
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Create a history-ready snapshot of the current state.
-   *
-   * @return {Object}
-   */
-
-  snapshot() {
-    let { initialState, operations } = this
-    let { document, selection } = initialState
-    return { document, selection, operations }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Undo to the previous state in the history.
-   *
-   * @return {State} state
-   */
-
-  undo() {
-    let { state } = this
-    let { history } = state
-    let { undos, redos } = history
-
-    // If there's no previous snapshot, return the current state.
-    let previous = undos.peek()
-    if (!previous) return state
-
-    // Remove the previous snapshot from the undo stack.
-    undos = undos.pop()
-
-    // Snapshot the current state, and move it into the redos stack.
-    let snapshot = this.snapshot()
-    redos = redos.push(snapshot)
-
-    // Return the previous state, with the updated history.
-    let { document, selection } = previous
-    history = history.merge({ undos, redos })
-    state = state.merge({
-      document,
-      selection,
-      history,
-      isNative: false
-    })
-
-    return state
-  }
-
   /**
    * Redo to the next state in the history.
    *
@@ -192,21 +136,58 @@ class Transform {
     let next = redos.peek()
     if (!next) return state
 
-    // Remove the next history from the redo stack.
+    // Shift the next state into the undo stack.
     redos = redos.pop()
+    undos = undos.push(next)
 
-    // Snapshot the current state, and move it into the undos stack.
-    let snapshot = this.snapshot()
-    undos = undos.push(snapshot)
+    // Replay the next operations.
+    const { operations } = next
+    operations.forEach(op => {
+      this.applyOperation(op)
+    })
 
-    // Return the next state, with the updated history.
-    let { document, selection } = next
+    // Update the state's history and force `isNative` to false.
     history = history.merge({ undos, redos })
-    state = state.merge({
-      document,
-      selection,
+    state = this.state.merge({
       history,
-      isNative: false
+      isNative: false,
+    })
+
+    return state
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Undo the previous operations in the history.
+   *
+   * @return {State} state
+   */
+
+  undo() {
+    let { state } = this
+    let { history } = state
+    let { undos, redos } = history
+
+    // If there's no previous snapshot, return the current state.
+    let previous = undos.peek()
+    if (!previous) return state
+
+    // Shift the previous operations into the redo stack.
+    undos = undos.pop()
+    redos = redos.push(previous)
+
+    // Replay the inverse of the previous operations.
+    const operations = previous.operations.slice().reverse()
+    operations.forEach(op => {
+      op.inverse.forEach(inv => {
+        this.applyOperation(inv)
+      })
+    })
+
+    // Update the state's history and force `isNative` to false.
+    history = history.merge({ undos, redos })
+    state = this.state.merge({
+      history,
+      isNative: false,
     })
 
     return state
diff --git a/lib/plugins/core.js b/lib/plugins/core.js
index 019bd0ffd..ea393bfc6 100644
--- a/lib/plugins/core.js
+++ b/lib/plugins/core.js
@@ -568,7 +568,6 @@ function Plugin(options = {}) {
     return state
       .transform()
       .moveTo(selection)
-      .focus()
       .apply()
   }
 
diff --git a/lib/transforms/apply-operation.js b/lib/transforms/apply-operation.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5e37a315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/transforms/apply-operation.js
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+
+import uid from '../utils/uid'
+
+/**
+ * Operations.
+ *
+ * @type {Object}
+ */
+
+const OPERATIONS = {
+  // Text operations.
+  insert_text: insertText,
+  remove_text: removeText,
+  // Mark operations.
+  add_mark: addMark,
+  remove_mark: removeMark,
+  set_mark: setMark,
+  // Node operations.
+  insert_node: insertNode,
+  move_node: moveNode,
+  remove_node: removeNode,
+  set_node: setNode,
+  split_node: splitNode,
+  // Selection operations.
+  set_selection: setSelection,
+}
+
+/**
+ * Apply an `operation` to the current state.
+ *
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {Object} operation
+ * @return {Transform}
+ */
+
+export function applyOperation(transform, operation) {
+  let { state, operations } = transform
+  const { type } = operation
+  const fn = OPERATIONS[type]
+
+  if (!fn) {
+    throw new Error(`Unknown operation type: "${type}".`)
+  }
+
+  transform.state = fn(state, operation)
+  transform.operations = operations.concat([operation])
+  return transform
+}
+
+/**
+ * Add mark to text at `offset` and `length` in node by `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {State} state
+ * @param {Object} operation
+ * @return {State}
+ */
+
+function addMark(state, operation) {
+  const { path, offset, length, mark } = operation
+  let { document } = state
+  let node = document.assertPath(path)
+  node = node.addMark(offset, length, mark)
+  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+  return state
+}
+
+/**
+ * Insert a `node` at `index` in a node by `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {State} state
+ * @param {Object} operation
+ * @return {State}
+ */
+
+function insertNode(state, operation) {
+  const { path, index, node } = operation
+  let { document } = state
+  let parent = document.assertPath(path)
+  const isParent = document == parent
+  const nodes = parent.nodes.splice(index, 0, node)
+  parent = parent.merge({ nodes })
+  document = isParent ? parent : document.updateDescendant(parent)
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+  return state
+}
+
+/**
+ * Insert `text` at `offset` in node by `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {State} state
+ * @param {Object} operation
+ * @return {State}
+ */
+
+function insertText(state, operation) {
+  const { path, offset, text, marks } = operation
+  let { document } = state
+  let node = document.assertPath(path)
+  node = node.insertText(offset, text, marks)
+  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+  return state
+}
+
+/**
+ * Move a node by `path` to a new parent by `path` and `index`.
+ *
+ * @param {State} state
+ * @param {Object} operation
+ * @return {State}
+ */
+
+function moveNode(state, operation) {
+  const { path, newPath, newIndex } = operation
+  let { document } = state
+  const node = document.assertPath(path)
+
+  let parent = document.getParent(node)
+  const isParent = document == parent
+  const index = parent.nodes.indexOf(node)
+  parent = parent.removeNode(index)
+  document = isParent ? parent : document.updateDescendant(parent)
+
+  let target = document.assertPath(newPath)
+  const isTarget = document == target
+  target = target.insertNode(newIndex, node)
+  document = isTarget ? target : document.updateDescendant(target)
+
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+  return state
+}
+
+/**
+ * Remove mark from text at `offset` and `length` in node by `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {State} state
+ * @param {Object} operation
+ * @return {State}
+ */
+
+function removeMark(state, operation) {
+  const { path, offset, length, mark } = operation
+  let { document } = state
+  let node = document.assertPath(path)
+  node = node.removeMark(offset, length, mark)
+  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+  return state
+}
+
+/**
+ * Remove a node by `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {State} state
+ * @param {Object} operation
+ * @return {State}
+ */
+
+function removeNode(state, operation) {
+  const { path } = operation
+  let { document } = state
+  const node = document.assertPath(path)
+  let parent = document.getParent(node)
+  const index = parent.nodes.indexOf(node)
+  const isParent = document == parent
+  parent = parent.removeNode(index)
+  document = isParent ? parent : document.updateDescendant(parent)
+  document = document.normalize()
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+  return state
+}
+
+/**
+ * Remove text at `offset` and `length` in node by `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {State} state
+ * @param {Object} operation
+ * @return {State}
+ */
+
+function removeText(state, operation) {
+  const { path, offset, length } = operation
+  let { document } = state
+  let node = document.assertPath(path)
+  node = node.removeText(offset, length)
+  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
+  document = document.normalize()
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+  return state
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set `properties` on mark on text at `offset` and `length` in node by `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {State} state
+ * @param {Object} operation
+ * @return {State}
+ */
+
+function setMark(state, operation) {
+  const { path, offset, length, mark, properties } = operation
+  let { document } = state
+  let node = document.assertPath(path)
+  node = node.updateMark(offset, length, mark, properties)
+  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+  return state
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set `properties` on a node by `path`.
+ *
+ * @param {State} state
+ * @param {Object} operation
+ * @return {State}
+ */
+
+function setNode(state, operation) {
+  const { path, properties } = operation
+  let { document } = state
+  let node = document.assertPath(path)
+  node = node.merge(properties)
+  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
+  document = document.normalize()
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+  return state
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set `properties` on the selection.
+ *
+ * @param {State} state
+ * @param {Object} operation
+ * @return {State}
+ */
+
+function setSelection(state, operation) {
+  let { properties } = operation
+  let { selection } = state
+  selection = selection.merge(properties)
+  state = state.merge({ selection })
+  return state
+}
+
+/**
+ * Split a node by `path` at `offset`.
+ *
+ * @param {State} state
+ * @param {Object} operation
+ * @return {State}
+ */
+
+function splitNode(state, operation) {
+  const { path, offset } = operation
+  let { document } = state
+  let node = document.assertPath(path)
+  let parent = document.getParent(node)
+  const isParent = document == parent
+  const index = parent.nodes.indexOf(node)
+
+  let child = node
+  let one
+  let two
+
+  if (node.kind != 'text') {
+    child = node.getTextAtOffset(offset)
+  }
+
+  while (child && child != parent) {
+    if (child.kind == 'text') {
+      const i = node.kind == 'text' ? offset : offset - node.getOffset(child)
+      const { characters } = child
+      const oneChars = characters.take(i)
+      const twoChars = characters.skip(i)
+      one = child.merge({ characters: oneChars })
+      two = child.merge({ characters: twoChars, key: uid() })
+    }
+
+    else {
+      const { nodes } = child
+      const oneNodes = nodes.takeUntil(n => n.key == one.key).push(one)
+      const twoNodes = nodes.skipUntil(n => n.key == one.key).rest().unshift(two)
+      one = child.merge({ nodes: oneNodes })
+      two = child.merge({ nodes: twoNodes, key: uid() })
+    }
+
+    child = document.getParent(child)
+  }
+
+  parent = parent.removeNode(index)
+  parent = parent.insertNode(index, two)
+  parent = parent.insertNode(index, one)
+  document = isParent ? parent : document.updateDescendant(parent)
+  state = state.merge({ document })
+  return state
+}
diff --git a/lib/transforms/at-current-range.js b/lib/transforms/at-current-range.js
index 1a02dfe3a..31eb0c7e7 100644
--- a/lib/transforms/at-current-range.js
+++ b/lib/transforms/at-current-range.js
@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ export function addMark(transform, mark) {
   else if (selection.marks) {
     const marks = selection.marks.add(mark)
     const sel = selection.merge({ marks })
-    return transform.setSelection(sel)
+    return transform.moveTo(sel)
   }
 
   else {
     const marks = document.getMarksAtRange(selection).add(mark)
     const sel = selection.merge({ marks })
-    return transform.setSelection(sel)
+    return transform.moveTo(sel)
   }
 }
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ export function _delete(transform) {
 
   return transform
     .deleteAtRange(selection)
-    .setSelection(after)
+    .moveTo(after)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ export function deleteBackward(transform, n = 1) {
 
   return transform
     .deleteBackwardAtRange(selection, n)
-    .setSelection(after)
+    .moveTo(after)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ export function deleteForward(transform, n = 1) {
 
   return transform
     .deleteForwardAtRange(selection, n)
-    .setSelection(after)
+    .moveTo(after)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ export function insertBlock(transform, block) {
   const text = document.getTexts().find(n => !keys.includes(n.key))
   const after = selection.collapseToEndOf(text)
 
-  return transform.setSelection(after)
+  return transform.moveTo(after)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ export function insertFragment(transform, fragment) {
       .moveForward(lastText.length)
   }
 
-  return transform.setSelection(after)
+  return transform.moveTo(after)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ export function insertInline(transform, inline) {
     after = selection.collapseToEndOf(text)
   }
 
-  return transform.setSelection(after)
+  return transform.moveTo(after)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ export function insertText(transform, text, marks) {
 
   return transform
     .insertTextAtRange(selection, text, marks)
-    .setSelection(after)
+    .moveTo(after)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ export function splitBlock(transform, depth = 1) {
   const nextNode = document.getNextText(startNode)
   const after = selection.collapseToStartOf(nextNode)
 
-  return transform.setSelection(after)
+  return transform.moveTo(after)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ export function splitInline(transform, depth = Infinity) {
     after = selection.collapseToStartOf(nextNode)
   }
 
-  return transform.setSelection(after)
+  return transform.moveTo(after)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -460,13 +460,13 @@ export function removeMark(transform, mark) {
   else if (selection.marks) {
     const marks = selection.marks.remove(mark)
     const sel = selection.merge({ marks })
-    return transform.setSelection(sel)
+    return transform.moveTo(sel)
   }
 
   else {
     const marks = document.getMarksAtRange(selection).remove(mark)
     const sel = selection.merge({ marks })
-    return transform.setSelection(sel)
+    return transform.moveTo(sel)
   }
 }
 
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ export function wrapInline(transform, properties) {
   }
 
   after = after.normalize(document)
-  return transform.setSelection(after)
+  return transform.moveTo(after)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -613,5 +613,5 @@ export function wrapText(transform, prefix, suffix = prefix) {
 
   return transform
     .wrapTextAtRange(selection, prefix, suffix)
-    .setSelection(after)
+    .moveTo(after)
 }
diff --git a/lib/transforms/by-key.js b/lib/transforms/by-key.js
index b9fa91d9a..2dd0f5572 100644
--- a/lib/transforms/by-key.js
+++ b/lib/transforms/by-key.js
@@ -15,29 +15,10 @@ import uid from '../utils/uid'
 
 export function addMarkByKey(transform, key, offset, length, mark) {
   mark = Normalize.mark(mark)
-
   const { state } = transform
   const { document } = state
   const path = document.getPath(key)
-
-  const inverse = {
-    type: 'remove_mark',
-    path,
-    offset,
-    length,
-    mark,
-  }
-
-  const operation = {
-    type: 'add_mark',
-    path,
-    offset,
-    length,
-    mark,
-    inverse,
-  }
-
-  return transform.operate(operation)
+  return transform.addMarkOperation(path, offset, length, mark)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -55,21 +36,7 @@ export function insertNodeByKey(transform, key, index, node) {
   const { document } = state
   const path = document.getPath(key)
   const newPath = path.slice().push(index)
-
-  const inverse = {
-    type: 'remove_node',
-    path: newPath,
-  }
-
-  const operation = {
-    type: 'insert_node',
-    path,
-    index,
-    node,
-    inverse,
-  }
-
-  return transform.operate(operation)
+  return transform.insertNodeOperation(path, index, node)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -87,23 +54,7 @@ export function insertTextByKey(transform, key, offset, text, marks) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { document } = state
   const path = document.getPath(key)
-
-  const inverse = {
-    type: 'remove_text',
-    path,
-    offset,
-    length: text.length,
-  }
-
-  const operation = {
-    type: 'insert_text',
-    path,
-    offset,
-    text,
-    marks,
-  }
-
-  return transform.operate(operation)
+  return transform.insertTextOperation(path, offset, text, marks)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -119,30 +70,9 @@ export function insertTextByKey(transform, key, offset, text, marks) {
 export function moveNodeByKey(transform, key, newKey, newIndex) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { document } = state
-  const node = document.assertDescendant(key)
   const path = document.getPath(key)
-  const parent = document.getParent(key)
-  const parentPath = path.slice(0, -1)
-  const parentIndex = path[path.length - 1]
   const newPath = document.getPath(newKey)
-  const nodePath = newPath.slice().concat([newIndex])
-
-  const inverse = {
-    type: 'move_node',
-    path: nodePath,
-    newPath: parentPath,
-    newIndex: parentIndex,
-  }
-
-  const operation = {
-    type: 'move_node',
-    path,
-    newPath,
-    newIndex,
-    inverse,
-  }
-
-  return transform.operate(operation)
+  return transform.moveNodeOperation(path, newPath, newIndex)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -158,29 +88,10 @@ export function moveNodeByKey(transform, key, newKey, newIndex) {
 
 export function removeMarkByKey(transform, key, offset, length, mark) {
   mark = Normalize.mark(mark)
-
   const { state } = transform
   const { document } = state
   const path = document.getPath(key)
-
-  const inverse = {
-    type: 'add_mark',
-    path,
-    offset,
-    length,
-    mark,
-  }
-
-  const operation = {
-    type: 'remove_mark',
-    path,
-    offset,
-    length,
-    mark,
-    inverse,
-  }
-
-  return transform.operate(operation)
+  return transform.removeMarkOperation(path, offset, length, mark)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -194,25 +105,8 @@ export function removeMarkByKey(transform, key, offset, length, mark) {
 export function removeNodeByKey(transform, key) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { document } = state
-  const node = document.assertDescendant(key)
   const path = document.getPath(key)
-  const parentPath = path.slice(0, -1)
-  const parentIndex = path.slice(-1)
-
-  const inverse = {
-    type: 'insert_node',
-    path: parentPath,
-    index: parentIndex,
-    node,
-  }
-
-  const operation = {
-    type: 'remove_node',
-    path,
-    inverse,
-  }
-
-  return transform.operate(operation)
+  return transform.removeNodeOperation(path)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -229,19 +123,7 @@ export function removeTextByKey(transform, key, offset, length) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { document } = state
   const path = document.getPath(key)
-
-  // TODO!
-  const inverse = {}
-
-  const operation = {
-    type: 'remove_text',
-    path,
-    offset,
-    length,
-    inverse,
-  }
-
-  return transform.operate(operation)
+  return transform.removeTextOperation(path, offset, length)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -258,36 +140,10 @@ export function removeTextByKey(transform, key, offset, length) {
 export function setMarkByKey(transform, key, offset, length, mark, properties) {
   mark = Normalize.mark(mark)
   properties = Normalize.markProperties(properties)
-
   const { state } = transform
   const { document } = state
   const path = document.getPath(key)
-  const prevProps = {}
-
-  for (const k in properties) {
-    prevProps[k] = mark[k]
-  }
-
-  const inverse = {
-    type: 'set_mark',
-    path,
-    offset,
-    length,
-    mark,
-    properties: prevProps,
-  }
-
-  const operation = {
-    type: 'set_mark',
-    path,
-    offset,
-    length,
-    mark,
-    properties,
-    inverse,
-  }
-
-  return transform.operate(operation)
+  return transform.setMarkOperation(path, offset, length, mark, properties)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -301,31 +157,11 @@ export function setMarkByKey(transform, key, offset, length, mark, properties) {
 
 export function setNodeByKey(transform, key, properties) {
   properties = Normalize.nodeProperties(properties)
-
   const { state } = transform
   const { document } = state
   const node = document.assertDescendant(key)
   const path = document.getPath(key)
-  const prevProps = {}
-
-  for (const k in properties) {
-    prevProps[k] = node[k]
-  }
-
-  const inverse = {
-    type: 'set_node',
-    path,
-    properties: prevProps
-  }
-
-  const operation = {
-    type: 'set_node',
-    path,
-    properties,
-    inverse,
-  }
-
-  return transform.operate(operation)
+  return transform.setNodeOperation(path, properties)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -341,17 +177,5 @@ export function splitNodeByKey(transform, key, offset) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { document } = state
   const path = document.getPath(key)
-
-  // TODO!
-  const inverse = {}
-
-  const operation = {
-    type: 'split_node',
-    path,
-    offset,
-    inverse,
-  }
-
-  return transform.operate(operation)
+  return transform.splitNodeOperation(path, offset)
 }
-
diff --git a/lib/transforms/index.js b/lib/transforms/index.js
index 81c62383f..9bb9a207a 100644
--- a/lib/transforms/index.js
+++ b/lib/transforms/index.js
@@ -1,4 +1,30 @@
 
+/**
+ * Apply operation.
+ */
+
+import {
+  applyOperation,
+} from './apply-operation'
+
+/**
+ * Operations.
+ */
+
+import {
+  addMarkOperation,
+  insertNodeOperation,
+  insertTextOperation,
+  moveNodeOperation,
+  removeMarkOperation,
+  removeNodeOperation,
+  removeTextOperation,
+  setMarkOperation,
+  setNodeOperation,
+  setSelectionOperation,
+  splitNodeOperation,
+} from './operations'
+
 /**
  * At range.
  */
@@ -98,7 +124,6 @@ import {
   moveTo,
   moveToOffsets,
   moveToRangeOf,
-  setSelection,
 } from './on-selection'
 
 /**
@@ -118,6 +143,28 @@ import {
 
 export default {
 
+  /**
+   * Apply operation.
+   */
+
+  applyOperation,
+
+  /**
+   * Operations.
+   */
+
+  addMarkOperation,
+  insertNodeOperation,
+  insertTextOperation,
+  moveNodeOperation,
+  removeMarkOperation,
+  removeNodeOperation,
+  removeTextOperation,
+  setMarkOperation,
+  setNodeOperation,
+  setSelectionOperation,
+  splitNodeOperation,
+
   /**
    * At range.
    */
@@ -210,7 +257,6 @@ export default {
   moveTo,
   moveToOffsets,
   moveToRangeOf,
-  setSelection,
 
   /**
    * Normalize.
diff --git a/lib/transforms/on-selection.js b/lib/transforms/on-selection.js
index a9651bfab..18332c194 100644
--- a/lib/transforms/on-selection.js
+++ b/lib/transforms/on-selection.js
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
 
-import Normalize from '../utils/normalize'
-import Selection from '../models/selection'
-
 /**
  * Blur the selection.
  *
@@ -13,7 +10,7 @@ export function blur(transform) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { selection } = state
   const sel = selection.blur()
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -27,7 +24,7 @@ export function collapseToAnchor(transform) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { selection } = state
   const sel = selection.collapseToAnchor()
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -41,7 +38,7 @@ export function collapseToEnd(transform) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { selection } = state
   const sel = selection.collapseToEnd()
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -55,7 +52,7 @@ export function collapseToFocus(transform) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { selection } = state
   const sel = selection.collapseToFocus()
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -69,7 +66,7 @@ export function collapseToStart(transform) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { selection } = state
   const sel = selection.collapseToStart()
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -84,7 +81,7 @@ export function collapseToEndOf(transform, node) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { selection } = state
   const sel = selection.collapseToEndOf(node)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -103,7 +100,7 @@ export function collapseToEndOfNextBlock(transform) {
   if (!next) return transform
 
   const sel = selection.collapseToEndOf(next)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -122,7 +119,7 @@ export function collapseToEndOfNextText(transform) {
   if (!next) return transform
 
   const sel = selection.collapseToEndOf(next)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -141,7 +138,7 @@ export function collapseToEndOfPreviousBlock(transform) {
   if (!previous) return transform
 
   const sel = selection.collapseToEndOf(previous)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -160,7 +157,7 @@ export function collapseToEndOfPreviousText(transform) {
   if (!previous) return transform
 
   const sel = selection.collapseToEndOf(previous)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -175,7 +172,7 @@ export function collapseToStartOf(transform, node) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { selection } = state
   const sel = selection.collapseToStartOf(node)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -194,7 +191,7 @@ export function collapseToStartOfNextBlock(transform) {
   if (!next) return transform
 
   const sel = selection.collapseToStartOf(next)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -213,7 +210,7 @@ export function collapseToStartOfNextText(transform) {
   if (!next) return transform
 
   const sel = selection.collapseToStartOf(next)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -232,7 +229,7 @@ export function collapseToStartOfPreviousBlock(transform) {
   if (!previous) return transform
 
   const sel = selection.collapseToStartOf(previous)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -251,7 +248,7 @@ export function collapseToStartOfPreviousText(transform) {
   if (!previous) return transform
 
   const sel = selection.collapseToStartOf(previous)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -266,7 +263,7 @@ export function extendBackward(transform, n) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { document, selection } = state
   const sel = selection.extendBackward(n).normalize(document)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -281,7 +278,7 @@ export function extendForward(transform, n) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { document, selection } = state
   const sel = selection.extendForward(n).normalize(document)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -296,7 +293,7 @@ export function extendToEndOf(transform, node) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { document, selection } = state
   const sel = selection.extendToEndOf(node).normalize(document)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -311,7 +308,7 @@ export function extendToStartOf(transform, node) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { document, selection } = state
   const sel = selection.extendToStartOf(node).normalize(document)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -325,7 +322,7 @@ export function focus(transform) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { selection } = state
   const sel = selection.focus()
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -340,7 +337,7 @@ export function moveBackward(transform, n) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { document, selection } = state
   const sel = selection.moveBackward(n).normalize(document)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -355,7 +352,7 @@ export function moveForward(transform, n) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { document, selection } = state
   const sel = selection.moveForward(n).normalize(document)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -367,11 +364,7 @@ export function moveForward(transform, n) {
  */
 
 export function moveTo(transform, properties) {
-  properties = Normalize.selection(properties)
-  const { state } = transform
-  const { document, selection } = state
-  const sel = selection.merge(properties).normalize(document)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(properties)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -387,7 +380,7 @@ export function moveToOffsets(transform, anchor, fokus) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { document, selection } = state
   const sel = selection.moveToOffsets(anchor, fokus)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -403,42 +396,5 @@ export function moveToRangeOf(transform, start, end) {
   const { state } = transform
   const { document, selection } = state
   const sel = selection.moveToRangeOf(start, end).normalize(document)
-  return transform.setSelection(sel)
-}
-
-/**
- * Set the selection to a new `selection`.
- *
- * @param {Transform} transform
- * @param {Mixed} selection
- * @return {Transform}
- */
-
-export function setSelection(transform, properties) {
-  properties = Normalize.selectionProperties(properties)
-
-  const { state } = transform
-  const { selection } = state
-  const prevProps = {}
-
-  if (properties.marks == selection.marks) {
-    properties.marks = null
-  }
-
-  for (const k in properties) {
-    prevProps[k] = selection[k]
-  }
-
-  const inverse = {
-    type: 'set_selection',
-    properties: prevProps
-  }
-
-  const operation = {
-    type: 'set_selection',
-    properties,
-    inverse,
-  }
-
-  return transform.operate(operation)
+  return transform.setSelectionOperation(sel)
 }
diff --git a/lib/transforms/operations.js b/lib/transforms/operations.js
index 9a84cf51f..1e3b8e583 100644
--- a/lib/transforms/operations.js
+++ b/lib/transforms/operations.js
@@ -1,300 +1,375 @@
 
-import Debug from 'debug'
+import Normalize from '../utils/normalize'
 import uid from '../utils/uid'
 
-/**
- * Debug.
- *
- * @type {Function}
- */
-
-const debug = Debug('slate:operation')
-
 /**
  * Add mark to text at `offset` and `length` in node by `path`.
  *
- * @param {State} state
- * @param {Object} operation
- * @return {State}
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {Array} path
+ * @param {Number} offset
+ * @param {Number} length
+ * @param {Mixed} mark
+ * @return {Transform}
  */
 
-function addMark(state, operation) {
-  debug('add_mark', operation)
-  const { path, offset, length, mark } = operation
-  let { document } = state
-  let node = document.assertPath(path)
-  node = node.addMark(offset, length, mark)
-  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
-  state = state.merge({ document })
-  return state
+export function addMarkOperation(transform, path, offset, length, mark) {
+  const inverse = [{
+    type: 'remove_mark',
+    path,
+    offset,
+    length,
+    mark,
+  }]
+
+  const operation = {
+    type: 'add_mark',
+    path,
+    offset,
+    length,
+    mark,
+    inverse,
+  }
+
+  return transform.applyOperation(operation)
 }
 
 /**
  * Insert a `node` at `index` in a node by `path`.
  *
- * @param {State} state
- * @param {Object} operation
- * @return {State}
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {Array} path
+ * @param {Number} index
+ * @param {Node} node
+ * @return {Transform}
  */
 
-function insertNode(state, operation) {
-  debug('insert_node', operation)
-  const { path, index, node } = operation
-  let { document } = state
-  let parent = document.assertPath(path)
-  const isParent = document == parent
-  const nodes = parent.nodes.splice(index, 0, node)
-  parent = parent.merge({ nodes })
-  document = isParent ? parent : document.updateDescendant(parent)
-  state = state.merge({ document })
-  return state
+export function insertNodeOperation(transform, path, index, node) {
+  const inversePath = path.slice().concat([index])
+  const inverse = [{
+    type: 'remove_node',
+    path: inversePath,
+  }]
+
+  const operation = {
+    type: 'insert_node',
+    path,
+    index,
+    node,
+    inverse,
+  }
+
+  return transform.applyOperation(operation)
 }
 
 /**
  * Insert `text` at `offset` in node by `path`.
  *
- * @param {State} state
- * @param {Object} operation
- * @return {State}
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {Array} path
+ * @param {Number} offset
+ * @param {String} text
+ * @param {Set} marks (optional)
+ * @return {Transform}
  */
 
-function insertText(state, operation) {
-  debug('insert_text', operation)
-  const { path, offset, text, marks } = operation
-  let { document } = state
-  let node = document.assertPath(path)
-  node = node.insertText(offset, text, marks)
-  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
-  state = state.merge({ document })
-  return state
+export function insertTextOperation(transform, path, offset, text, marks) {
+  const inverseLength = text.length
+  const inverse = [{
+    type: 'remove_text',
+    path,
+    offset,
+    length: inverseLength,
+  }]
+
+  const operation = {
+    type: 'insert_text',
+    path,
+    offset,
+    text,
+    marks,
+    inverse,
+  }
+
+  return transform.applyOperation(operation)
 }
 
 /**
- * Move a node by `path` to a new parent by `path` and `index`.
+ * Move a node by `path` to a `newPath` and `newIndex`.
  *
- * @param {State} state
- * @param {Object} operation
- * @return {State}
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {Array} path
+ * @param {Array} newPath
+ * @param {Number} newIndex
+ * @return {Transform}
  */
 
-function moveNode(state, operation) {
-  debug('move_node', operation)
-  const { path, newPath, newIndex } = operation
-  let { document } = state
-  const node = document.assertPath(path)
+export function moveNodeOperation(transform, path, newPath, newIndex) {
+  const { state } = transform
+  const { document } = state
+  const parentPath = path.slice(0, -1)
+  const parentIndex = path[path.length - 1]
+  const inversePath = newPath.slice().concat([newIndex])
 
-  let parent = document.getParent(node)
-  const isParent = document == parent
-  const index = parent.nodes.indexOf(node)
-  parent = parent.removeNode(index)
-  document = isParent ? parent : document.updateDescendant(parent)
+  const inverse = [{
+    type: 'move_node',
+    path: inversePath,
+    newPath: parentPath,
+    newIndex: parentIndex,
+  }]
 
-  let target = document.assertPath(newPath)
-  const isTarget = document == target
-  target = target.insertNode(newIndex, node)
-  document = isTarget ? target : document.updateDescendant(target)
+  const operation = {
+    type: 'move_node',
+    path,
+    newPath,
+    newIndex,
+    inverse,
+  }
 
-  state = state.merge({ document })
-  return state
+  return transform.applyOperation(operation)
 }
 
 /**
  * Remove mark from text at `offset` and `length` in node by `path`.
  *
- * @param {State} state
- * @param {Object} operation
- * @return {State}
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {Array} path
+ * @param {Number} offset
+ * @param {Number} length
+ * @param {Mark} mark
+ * @return {Transform}
  */
 
-function removeMark(state, operation) {
-  debug('remove_mark', operation)
-  const { path, offset, length, mark } = operation
-  let { document } = state
-  let node = document.assertPath(path)
-  node = node.removeMark(offset, length, mark)
-  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
-  state = state.merge({ document })
-  return state
+export function removeMarkOperation(transform, path, offset, length, mark) {
+  const inverse = [{
+    type: 'add_mark',
+    path,
+    offset,
+    length,
+    mark,
+  }]
+
+  const operation = {
+    type: 'remove_mark',
+    path,
+    offset,
+    length,
+    mark,
+    inverse,
+  }
+
+  return transform.applyOperation(operation)
 }
 
 /**
  * Remove a node by `path`.
  *
- * @param {State} state
- * @param {Object} operation
- * @return {State}
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {Array} path
+ * @return {Transform}
  */
 
-function removeNode(state, operation) {
-  debug('remove_node', operation)
-  const { path } = operation
-  let { document } = state
+export function removeNodeOperation(transform, path) {
+  const { state } = transform
+  const { document } = state
   const node = document.assertPath(path)
-  let parent = document.getParent(node)
-  const index = parent.nodes.indexOf(node)
-  const isParent = document == parent
-  parent = parent.removeNode(index)
-  document = isParent ? parent : document.updateDescendant(parent)
-  document = document.normalize()
-  state = state.merge({ document })
-  return state
+  const inversePath = path.slice(0, -1)
+  const inverseIndex = path.slice(-1)
+
+  const inverse = [{
+    type: 'insert_node',
+    path: inversePath,
+    index: inverseIndex,
+    node,
+  }]
+
+  const operation = {
+    type: 'remove_node',
+    path,
+    inverse,
+  }
+
+  return transform.applyOperation(operation)
 }
 
 /**
  * Remove text at `offset` and `length` in node by `path`.
  *
- * @param {State} state
- * @param {Object} operation
- * @return {State}
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {Array} path
+ * @param {Number} offset
+ * @param {Number} length
+ * @return {Transform}
  */
 
-function removeText(state, operation) {
-  debug('remove_text', operation)
-  const { path, offset, length } = operation
-  let { document } = state
-  let node = document.assertPath(path)
-  node = node.removeText(offset, length)
-  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
-  document = document.normalize()
-  state = state.merge({ document })
-  return state
+export function removeTextOperation(transform, path, offset, length) {
+  const { state } = transform
+  const { document } = state
+  const node = document.assertPath(path)
+  const ranges = node.getRanges()
+  const inverse = []
+
+  ranges.reduce((start, range) => {
+    const { text, marks } = range
+    const end = start + text.length
+    if (start > offset + length) return
+    if (end <= offset) return
+
+    const endOffset = Math.min(end, offset + length)
+    const string = text.slice(offset, endOffset)
+
+    inverse.push({
+      type: 'insert_text',
+      path,
+      offset,
+      text: string,
+      marks,
+    })
+
+    return end
+  }, 0)
+
+  const operation = {
+    type: 'remove_text',
+    path,
+    offset,
+    length,
+    inverse,
+  }
+
+  return transform.applyOperation(operation)
 }
 
 /**
  * Set `properties` on mark on text at `offset` and `length` in node by `path`.
  *
- * @param {State} state
- * @param {Object} operation
- * @return {State}
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {Array} path
+ * @param {Number} offset
+ * @param {Number} length
+ * @param {Mark} mark
+ * @return {Transform}
  */
 
-function setMark(state, operation) {
-  debug('set_mark', operation)
-  const { path, offset, length, mark, properties } = operation
-  let { document } = state
-  let node = document.assertPath(path)
-  node = node.updateMark(offset, length, mark, properties)
-  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
-  state = state.merge({ document })
-  return state
+export function setMarkOperation(transform, path, offset, length, mark, properties) {
+  const inverseProps = {}
+
+  for (const k in properties) {
+    inverseProps[k] = mark[k]
+  }
+
+  const inverse = [{
+    type: 'set_mark',
+    path,
+    offset,
+    length,
+    mark,
+    properties: inverseProps,
+  }]
+
+  const operation = {
+    type: 'set_mark',
+    path,
+    offset,
+    length,
+    mark,
+    properties,
+    inverse,
+  }
+
+  return transform.applyOperation(operation)
 }
 
 /**
  * Set `properties` on a node by `path`.
  *
- * @param {State} state
- * @param {Object} operation
- * @return {State}
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {Array} path
+ * @param {Object || String} properties
+ * @return {Transform}
  */
 
-function setNode(state, operation) {
-  debug('set_node', operation)
-  const { path, properties } = operation
-  let { document } = state
-  let node = document.assertPath(path)
-  node = node.merge(properties)
-  document = document.updateDescendant(node)
-  document = document.normalize()
-  state = state.merge({ document })
-  return state
+export function setNodeOperation(transform, path, properties) {
+  const { state } = transform
+  const { document } = state
+  const node = document.assertPath(path)
+  const inverseProps = {}
+
+  for (const k in properties) {
+    inverseProps[k] = node[k]
+  }
+
+  const inverse = [{
+    type: 'set_node',
+    path,
+    properties: inverseProps
+  }]
+
+  const operation = {
+    type: 'set_node',
+    path,
+    properties,
+    inverse,
+  }
+
+  return transform.applyOperation(operation)
 }
 
 /**
- * Set `properties` on the selection.
+ * Set the selection to a new `selection`.
  *
- * @param {State} state
- * @param {Object} operation
- * @return {State}
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {Mixed} selection
+ * @return {Transform}
  */
 
-function setSelection(state, operation) {
-  debug('set_selection', operation)
-  let { properties } = operation
-  let { selection } = state
-  selection = selection.merge(properties)
-  state = state.merge({ selection })
-  return state
+export function setSelectionOperation(transform, properties) {
+  properties = Normalize.selectionProperties(properties)
+
+  const { state } = transform
+  const { selection } = state
+  const prevProps = {}
+
+  if (properties.marks == selection.marks) {
+    properties.marks = null
+  }
+
+  for (const k in properties) {
+    prevProps[k] = selection[k]
+  }
+
+  const inverse = [{
+    type: 'set_selection',
+    properties: prevProps
+  }]
+
+  const operation = {
+    type: 'set_selection',
+    properties,
+    inverse,
+  }
+
+  return transform.applyOperation(operation)
 }
 
 /**
  * Split a node by `path` at `offset`.
  *
- * @param {State} state
- * @param {Object} operation
- * @return {State}
+ * @param {Transform} transform
+ * @param {Array} path
+ * @param {Number} offset
+ * @return {Transform}
  */
 
-function splitNode(state, operation) {
-  debug('split_node', operation)
-  const { path, offset } = operation
-  let { document } = state
-  let node = document.assertPath(path)
-  let parent = document.getParent(node)
-  const isParent = document == parent
-  const index = parent.nodes.indexOf(node)
+export function splitNodeOperation(transform, path, offset) {
+  const inverse = []
 
-  let child = node
-  let one
-  let two
-
-  if (node.kind != 'text') {
-    child = node.getTextAtOffset(offset)
+  const operation = {
+    type: 'split_node',
+    path,
+    offset,
+    inverse,
   }
 
-  while (child && child != parent) {
-    if (child.kind == 'text') {
-      const i = node.kind == 'text' ? offset : offset - node.getOffset(child)
-      const { characters } = child
-      const oneChars = characters.take(i)
-      const twoChars = characters.skip(i)
-      one = child.merge({ characters: oneChars })
-      two = child.merge({ characters: twoChars, key: uid() })
-    }
-
-    else {
-      const { nodes } = child
-      const oneNodes = nodes.takeUntil(n => n.key == one.key).push(one)
-      const twoNodes = nodes.skipUntil(n => n.key == one.key).rest().unshift(two)
-      one = child.merge({ nodes: oneNodes })
-      two = child.merge({ nodes: twoNodes, key: uid() })
-    }
-
-    child = document.getParent(child)
-  }
-
-  parent = parent.removeNode(index)
-  parent = parent.insertNode(index, two)
-  parent = parent.insertNode(index, one)
-  document = isParent ? parent : document.updateDescendant(parent)
-  state = state.merge({ document })
-  return state
-}
-
-/**
- * Export.
- *
- * @type {Object}
- */
-
-export default {
-
-  // Text operations.
-  insert_text: insertText,
-  remove_text: removeText,
-
-  // Mark operations.
-  add_mark: addMark,
-  remove_mark: removeMark,
-  set_mark: setMark,
-
-  // Node operations.
-  insert_node: insertNode,
-  move_node: moveNode,
-  remove_node: removeNode,
-  set_node: setNode,
-  split_node: splitNode,
-
-  // Selection operations.
-  set_selection: setSelection,
-
+  return transform.applyOperation(operation)
 }