add local development server

README.md

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ _Intermediate understanding of the web platform is required to follow through._
 - [8. Appendix](#8-appendix)
   - [8.1. Links](#81-links)
   - [8.2. Response](#82-response)
+  - [8.3. Local Development Server](#83-local-development-server)
 - [9. Changelog](#9-changelog)
 
 ## 1. Motivation
@@ -225,45 +226,45 @@ provide behavior and rendering for the target element.
 Here's a "Hello, World!" example of mount functions:
 
 ```js
-// define mount function
-// loosely mapped to ".hello-world"
+// Define mount function
+// Loosely mapped to ".hello-world"
 export function HelloWorld(el) {
-  // define initial state
+  // Define initial state
   const state = {
     title: 'Hello, World!',
     description: 'An example vanilla component',
     counter: 0,
   };
 
-  // set rigid base HTML
+  // Set rigid base HTML
   el.innerHTML = `
     <h1 class="title"></h1>
     <p class="description"></p>
     <div class="my-counter"></div>
   `;
 
-  // mount sub-components
+  // Mount sub-components
   el.querySelectorAll('.my-counter').forEach(MyCounter);
 
-  // attach event listeners
+  // Attach event listeners
   el.addEventListener('modifyCounter', (e) =>
     update({ counter: state.counter + e.detail }),
   );
 
-  // initial update
+  // Initial update
   update();
 
-  // define idempotent update function
+  // Define idempotent update function
   function update(next) {
-    // update state
-    // optionally optimize, e.g. bail out if state hasn't changed
+    // Update state
+    // Optionally optimize, e.g. bail out if state hasn't changed
     Object.assign(state, next);
 
-    // update own HTML
+    // Update own HTML
     el.querySelector('.title').innerText = state.title;
     el.querySelector('.description').innerText = state.description;
 
-    // pass data to sub-scomponents
+    // Pass data to sub-scomponents
     el.querySelector('.my-counter').dispatchEvent(
       new CustomEvent('updateMyCounter', {
         detail: { value: state.counter },
@@ -272,15 +273,15 @@ export function HelloWorld(el) {
   }
 }
 
-// define another component
-// loosely mapped to ".my-counter"
+// Define another component
+// Loosely mapped to ".my-counter"
 export function MyCounter(el) {
-  // define initial state
+  // Define initial state
   const state = {
     value: 0,
   };
 
-  // set rigid base HTML
+  // Set rigid base HTML
   el.innerHTML = `
     <p>
       <span class="value"></span>
@@ -289,10 +290,10 @@ export function MyCounter(el) {
     </p>
   `;
 
-  // attach event listeners
+  // Attach event listeners
   el.querySelector('.increment').addEventListener('click', () => {
-    // dispatch an action
-    // use .detail to transport data
+    // Dispatch an action
+    // Use .detail to transport data
     el.dispatchEvent(
       new CustomEvent('modifyCounter', {
         detail: 1,
@@ -302,8 +303,8 @@ export function MyCounter(el) {
   });
 
   el.querySelector('.decrement').addEventListener('click', () => {
-    // dispatch an action
-    // use .detail to transport data
+    // Dispatch an action
+    // Use .detail to transport data
     el.dispatchEvent(
       new CustomEvent('modifyCounter', {
         detail: -1,
@@ -314,7 +315,7 @@ export function MyCounter(el) {
 
   el.addEventListener('updateMyCounter', (e) => update(e.detail));
 
-  // define idempotent update function
+  // Define idempotent update function
   function update(next) {
     Object.assign(state, next);
 
@@ -322,8 +323,8 @@ export function MyCounter(el) {
   }
 }
 
-// mount HelloWorld component(s)
-// any <div class="hello-world"></div> in the document will be mounted
+// Mount HelloWorld component(s)
+// Any <div class="hello-world"></div> in the document will be mounted
 document.querySelectorAll('.hello-world').forEach(HelloWorld);
 ```
 
@@ -427,37 +428,37 @@ export function TodoList(el) {
 
     const container = el.querySelector('.items');
 
-    // mark current children for removal
+    // Mark current children for removal
     const obsolete = new Set(container.children);
 
-    // map current children by data-key
+    // Map current children by data-key
     const childrenByKey = new Map();
 
     obsolete.forEach((child) =>
       childrenByKey.set(child.getAttribute('data-key'), child),
     );
 
-    // build new list of child elements from data
+    // Build new list of child elements from data
     const children = state.items.map((item) => {
-      // find existing child by data-key
+      // Find existing child by data-key
       let child = childrenByKey.get(item.id);
 
       if (child) {
-        // if child exists, keep it
+        // If child exists, keep it
         obsolete.delete(child);
       } else {
-        // otherwise, create new child
+        // Otherwise, create new child
         child = document.createElement('div');
         child.classList.add('todo-item');
 
-        // set data-key
+        // Set data-key
         child.setAttribute('data-key', item.id);
 
-        // mount component
+        // Mount component
         TodoItem(child);
       }
 
-      // update child
+      // Update child
       child.dispatchEvent(
         new CustomEvent('updateTodoItem', { detail: { item: item } }),
       );
@@ -465,10 +466,10 @@ export function TodoList(el) {
       return child;
     });
 
-    // remove obsolete children
+    // Remove obsolete children
     obsolete.forEach((child) => container.removeChild(child));
 
-    // (re-)insert new list of children
+    // (Re-)insert new list of children
     children.forEach((child, index) => {
       if (child !== container.children[index]) {
         container.insertBefore(child, container.children[index]);
@@ -478,7 +479,7 @@ export function TodoList(el) {
 }
 ```
 
-It's very verbose and has lots of opportunity to introduce bugs.
+It's very verbose, with lots of opportunity to introduce bugs.
 Compared to a simple loop in JSX, this seems insane.
 It is quite performant as it does minimal work but is otherwise messy;
 definitely a candidate for a utility function or library.
@@ -652,7 +653,7 @@ I suspect a fully equivalent clone to be well below 10000 LOC, though._
   would justify a helper.
 - Listening to and dispatching events is slightly verbose.
 - Although not used in this study,
-  event delegation is not trivial to implement without code duplication.
+  event delegation seems not trivial to implement without code duplication.
 
 Eliminating verbosities through build steps and a minimal set of helpers
 would reduce the comparably low code size (see above) even further.
@@ -821,10 +822,43 @@ Projects I've inspected for drag & drop architecture:
 
 Thanks!
 
+#### 8.3. Local Development Server
+
+_The local development server was added in 2023 and was not used during the initial study in 2020._
+
+One thing I came to cherish in my professional work is
+_hot reloading_ when changing source files.
+Hot reloading provides fast feedback during development,
+especially useful when fine-tuning visuals.
+
+I've implemented a minimal local development server (~200 LOC) with support for hot reloading:
+
+- Changes to stylesheets or images will hot replace the changed resources.
+- Other changes (e.g. JavaScript or HTML) will cause a full page reload.
+
+While it's not proper [hot module replacement](https://webpack.js.org/concepts/hot-module-replacement/)
+(which requires immense infrastructure),
+it required zero changes to the application source
+and provides a similar experience
+(in particular because page reloads are fast).
+
+You can try it out by
+
+- installing Node.js (>= 20),
+- checking out the repository,
+- running `npm install`,
+- and running `npm run dev`.
+
+Note that the local development server is highly experimental and is likely lacking
+some features to be generally usable. See [/dev](./dev) for the implementation.
+Feedback is highly appreciated.
+
 ## 9. Changelog
 
 ### 11/2023
 
+- Add development server with hot reloading
+- Fix some visual issues
 - Update dependencies
 
 ### 05/2023

dev/client.js

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+const socket = new WebSocket(
+  `${(location.protocol === 'http:' ? 'ws://' : 'wss://') + location.host}/`,
+);
+
+socket.addEventListener('message', (message) => {
+  if (!message.data) return;
+
+  const data = JSON.parse(message.data);
+
+  let reload = true;
+
+  // hot reload stylesheets
+  document.querySelectorAll('link[rel=stylesheet]').forEach((el) => {
+    if (el.getAttribute('href') === data.url) {
+      el.setAttribute('href', data.url);
+      reload = false;
+    }
+  });
+
+  // hot reload images
+  document.querySelectorAll('img').forEach((el) => {
+    if (el.getAttribute('src') === data.url) {
+      el.setAttribute('src', data.url);
+      reload = false;
+    }
+  });
+
+  // otherwise, reload page
+  if (reload) location.reload();
+});

dev/server.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/* eslint-env node */
+/* eslint-disable no-console */
+import * as crypto from 'crypto';
+import * as fs from 'fs';
+import * as http from 'http';
+import mime from 'mime';
+import * as path from 'path';
+import WebSocket, { WebSocketServer } from 'ws';
+
+// Options
+
+const argv = process.argv.slice(2);
+const webroot = path.resolve(argv.shift());
+const port = parseInt(process.env.PORT, 10) || 8080;
+
+// File transforms
+
+const clientJS = fs.readFileSync(
+  import.meta.resolve('./client.js').replace(/^file:\/\//, ''),
+);
+
+function transformFileContents(file, contents) {
+  const ext = path.extname(file);
+
+  if (ext === '.html') {
+    return contents
+      .toString()
+      .replace(
+        '</title>',
+        `</title> <script type="module">${clientJS}</script>`,
+      );
+  }
+
+  return contents;
+}
+
+// Static file resolution
+
+const fileCache = new Map();
+
+async function readFileCached(file) {
+  const cached = fileCache.get(file);
+  if (cached) return cached;
+
+  const promise = readFile(file);
+  fileCache.set(file, promise);
+
+  return promise;
+}
+
+async function readFile(file) {
+  const stat = await fs.promises.lstat(file);
+
+  if (stat.isDirectory()) {
+    file = path.join(file, 'index.html');
+  }
+
+  const contents = transformFileContents(
+    file,
+    await fs.promises.readFile(file),
+  );
+  const contentType = mime.getType(file) ?? 'application/octet-stream';
+  const version = crypto.createHash('sha1').update(contents).digest('base64');
+
+  return { contents, contentType, version };
+}
+
+function invalidateFile(file) {
+  fileCache.delete(file);
+}
+
+// HTTP server
+
+const server = http.createServer(async (req, res) => {
+  if (req.method !== 'GET' && req.method !== 'HEAD') {
+    res.setHeader('content-type', 'text/plain');
+    res.writeHead(405);
+    res.end('405 Method not allowed');
+
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const url = new URL(req.url, `http://localhost:${port}`);
+
+  try {
+    let file = path.join(webroot, path.resolve('.', url.pathname));
+    let { contents, contentType, version } = await readFileCached(file);
+
+    if (req.headers['if-none-match'] === version) {
+      res.writeHead(304);
+      res.end();
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    res.setHeader('content-type', contentType);
+    res.setHeader('etag', version);
+    res.writeHead(200);
+
+    if (req.method === 'HEAD') {
+      res.end();
+    } else {
+      res.end(contents);
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    if (err.code === 'ENOENT') {
+      res.setHeader('content-type', 'text/plain');
+      res.writeHead(404);
+      res.end('404 Not found');
+    } else {
+      console.error(err);
+
+      res.setHeader('content-type', 'text/plain');
+      res.writeHead(500);
+      res.end(`500 Internal server error: ${err.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+server.on('listening', () => {
+  console.log(`Serving ${webroot} on port ${server.address().port}`);
+});
+
+server.listen(port);
+
+// WebSocket server
+
+const wsClients = new Set();
+const wsServer = new WebSocketServer({ server });
+
+wsServer.on('connection', (client) => {
+  wsClients.add(client);
+});
+
+function broadcast(message) {
+  for (const wsClient of wsClients) {
+    if (wsClient.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
+      wsClient.send(JSON.stringify(message));
+    } else {
+      wsClients.delete(wsClient);
+      wsClient.terminate();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// File watcher
+
+const fileWatcher = fs.watch(webroot, { recursive: true });
+
+fileWatcher.on('change', (_, filename) => {
+  invalidateFile(path.join(webroot, filename));
+  broadcast({ type: 'modified', url: filename });
+});

package-lock.json

@@ -12,11 +12,12 @@
         "@playwright/test": "^1.33.0",
         "eslint": "^8.20.0",
         "eslint-plugin-compat": "^4.0.2",
-        "http-server": "^14.1.1",
+        "mime": "^3.0.0",
         "prettier": "^3.1.0",
         "stylelint": "^15.6.1",
         "stylelint-config-standard": "^34.0.0",
-        "stylelint-rscss": "^0.4.0"
+        "stylelint-rscss": "^0.4.0",
+        "ws": "^8.14.2"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=20"
@@ -561,33 +562,12 @@
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       }
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@@ -642,20 +622,6 @@
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       }
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       "dev": true
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-      "dev": true,
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@@ -1168,12 +1111,6 @@
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@@ -1305,26 +1242,6 @@
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@@ -1354,21 +1271,6 @@
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@@ -1516,42 +1406,6 @@
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@@ -2115,18 +1880,6 @@
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@@ -2187,15 +1940,6 @@
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-      "dev": true,
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@@ -2205,15 +1949,6 @@
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@@ -2375,29 +2110,6 @@
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@@ -2500,21 +2212,6 @@
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-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
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-      },
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-      },
-      "funding": {
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@@ -2631,12 +2328,6 @@
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@@ -2694,24 +2385,6 @@
         "queue-microtask": "^1.2.2"
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-      "dev": true
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-    "node_modules/safer-buffer": {
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-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/safer-buffer/-/safer-buffer-2.1.2.tgz",
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-      "dev": true
-    },
-    "node_modules/secure-compare": {
-      "version": "3.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/secure-compare/-/secure-compare-3.0.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-AckIIV90rPDcBcglUwXPF3kg0P0qmPsPXAj6BBEENQE1p5yA1xfmDJzfi1Tappj37Pv2mVbKpL3Z1T+Nn7k1Qw==",
-      "dev": true
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     "node_modules/semver": {
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-7.5.4.tgz",
@@ -2727,21 +2400,6 @@
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-    "node_modules/set-function-length": {
-      "version": "1.1.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/set-function-length/-/set-function-length-1.1.1.tgz",
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-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
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-        "get-intrinsic": "^1.2.1",
-        "gopd": "^1.0.1",
-        "has-property-descriptors": "^1.0.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
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     "node_modules/shebang-command": {
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/shebang-command/-/shebang-command-2.0.0.tgz",
@@ -2763,20 +2421,6 @@
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-    "node_modules/side-channel": {
-      "version": "1.0.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/side-channel/-/side-channel-1.0.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-q5XPytqFEIKHkGdiMIrY10mvLRvnQh42/+GoBlFW3b2LXLE2xxJpZFdm94we0BaoV3RwJyGqg5wS7epxTv0Zvw==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
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-        "get-intrinsic": "^1.0.2",
-        "object-inspect": "^1.9.0"
-      },
-      "funding": {
-        "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
-      }
-    },
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       "version": "4.1.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/signal-exit/-/signal-exit-4.1.0.tgz",
@@ -3171,18 +2815,6 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/union": {
-      "version": "0.5.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/union/-/union-0.5.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-N6uOhuW6zO95P3Mel2I2zMsbsanvvtgn6jVqJv4vbVcz/JN0OkL9suomjQGmWtxJQXOCqUJvquc1sMeNz/IwlA==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
-        "qs": "^6.4.0"
-      },
-      "engines": {
-        "node": ">= 0.8.0"
-      }
-    },
     "node_modules/uniq": {
       "version": "1.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uniq/-/uniq-1.0.1.tgz",
@@ -3228,12 +2860,6 @@
         "punycode": "^2.1.0"
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-    "node_modules/url-join": {
-      "version": "4.0.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/url-join/-/url-join-4.0.1.tgz",
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-      "dev": true
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/util-deprecate/-/util-deprecate-1.0.2.tgz",
@@ -3250,18 +2876,6 @@
         "spdx-expression-parse": "^3.0.0"
       }
     },
-    "node_modules/whatwg-encoding": {
-      "version": "2.0.0",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/whatwg-encoding/-/whatwg-encoding-2.0.0.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-p41ogyeMUrw3jWclHWTQg1k05DSVXPLcVxRTYsXUk+ZooOCZLcoYgPZ/HL/D/N+uQPOtcp1me1WhBEaX02mhWg==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "dependencies": {
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@@ -3296,6 +2910,27 @@
         "node": "^14.17.0 || ^16.13.0 || >=18.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/ws": {
+      "version": "8.14.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ws/-/ws-8.14.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-wEBG1ftX4jcglPxgFCMJmZ2PLtSbJ2Peg6TmpJFTbe9GZYOQCDPdMYu/Tm0/bGZkw8paZnJY45J4K2PZrLYq8g==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10.0.0"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "bufferutil": "^4.0.1",
+        "utf-8-validate": ">=5.0.2"
+      },
+      "peerDependenciesMeta": {
+        "bufferutil": {
+          "optional": true
+        },
+        "utf-8-validate": {
+          "optional": true
+        }
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+    },
     "node_modules/yallist": {
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       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/yallist/-/yallist-4.0.0.tgz",

package.json

@@ -26,17 +26,18 @@
     "format-check": "prettier --check .",
     "lint": "eslint public",
     "lint-styles": "stylelint public/styles/*",
-    "serve": "http-server -c-1 public",
+    "dev": "node ./dev/server.mjs public",
     "test": "playwright test"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@playwright/test": "^1.33.0",
     "eslint": "^8.20.0",
     "eslint-plugin-compat": "^4.0.2",
-    "http-server": "^14.1.1",
+    "mime": "^3.0.0",
     "prettier": "^3.1.0",
     "stylelint": "^15.6.1",
     "stylelint-config-standard": "^34.0.0",
-    "stylelint-rscss": "^0.4.0"
+    "stylelint-rscss": "^0.4.0",
+    "ws": "^8.14.2"
   }
 }