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update to v4.1 docs and modify v4.0 docs to include links back

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Mark Otto
2018-04-09 09:02:59 -07:00
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<title>Bootstrap · Content moved</title>
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<style>
html {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
margin: 0;
width: 100vw;
height: 100vh;
text-align: center;
}
body {
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";
}
h1 {
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: .5rem;
}
a {
color: #007bff;
text-decoration: none;
}
</style>
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<body>
<h1>Redirecting&hellip;</h1>
<a href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.1/layout/overview/">Click here if you are not redirected</a>
<script>window.location="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.1/layout/overview/";</script>
</body>
</html>

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<main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 py-md-3 pl-md-5 bd-content" role="main">
<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Media object</h1>
<p class="bd-lead">Documentation and examples for Bootstraps media object to construct highly repetitive components like blog comments, tweets, and the like.</p>
<script async src="https://cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?zoneid=1673&serve=C6AILKT&placement=getbootstrapcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script>
<h2 id="example">Example</h2>
<p>The <a href="http://www.stubbornella.org/content/2010/06/25/the-media-object-saves-hundreds-of-lines-of-code/">media object</a> helps build complex and repetitive components where some media is positioned alongside content that doesnt wrap around said media. Plus, it does this with only two required classes thanks to flexbox.</p>
<p>Below is an example of a single media object. Only two classes are required—the wrapping <code class="highlighter-rouge">.media</code> and the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.media-body</code> around your content. Optional padding and margin can be controlled through <a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/spacing/">spacing utilities</a>.</p>
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<div class="media">
<img class="mr-3" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="Generic placeholder image" />
<div class="media-body">
<h5 class="mt-0">Media heading</h5>
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.
</div>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;img</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mr-3"</span> <span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">".../64x64"</span> <span class="na">alt=</span><span class="s">"Generic placeholder image"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media-body"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;h5</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mt-0"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Media heading<span class="nt">&lt;/h5&gt;</span>
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>
<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning">
<h5 id="flexbug-12-inline-elements-arent-treated-as-flex-items">Flexbug #12: Inline elements arent treated as flex items</h5>
<p>Internet Explorer 10-11 do not render inline elements like links or images (or <code class="highlighter-rouge">::before</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">::after</code> pseudo-elements) as flex items. The only workaround is to set a non-inline <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> value (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">block</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">inline-block</code>, or <code class="highlighter-rouge">flex</code>). We suggest using <code class="highlighter-rouge">.d-flex</code>, one of our <a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/display/">display utilities</a>, as an easy fix.</p>
<p><strong>Source:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/philipwalton/flexbugs#flexbug-12">Flexbugs on GitHub</a></p>
</div>
<h2 id="nesting">Nesting</h2>
<p>Media objects can be infinitely nested, though we suggest you stop at some point. Place nested <code class="highlighter-rouge">.media</code> within the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.media-body</code> of a parent media object.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<div class="media">
<img class="mr-3" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="Generic placeholder image" />
<div class="media-body">
<h5 class="mt-0">Media heading</h5>
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.
<div class="media mt-3">
<a class="pr-3" href="#">
<img data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="Generic placeholder image" />
</a>
<div class="media-body">
<h5 class="mt-0">Media heading</h5>
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;img</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mr-3"</span> <span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">".../64x64"</span> <span class="na">alt=</span><span class="s">"Generic placeholder image"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media-body"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;h5</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mt-0"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Media heading<span class="nt">&lt;/h5&gt;</span>
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media mt-3"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;a</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"pr-3"</span> <span class="na">href=</span><span class="s">"#"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;img</span> <span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">".../64x64"</span> <span class="na">alt=</span><span class="s">"Generic placeholder image"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/a&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media-body"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;h5</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mt-0"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Media heading<span class="nt">&lt;/h5&gt;</span>
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="alignment">Alignment</h2>
<p>Media in a media object can be aligned with flexbox utilities to the top (default), middle, or end of your <code class="highlighter-rouge">.media-body</code> content.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<div class="media">
<img class="align-self-start mr-3" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="Generic placeholder image" />
<div class="media-body">
<h5 class="mt-0">Top-aligned media</h5>
<p>Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.</p>
<p>Donec sed odio dui. Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;img</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"align-self-start mr-3"</span> <span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">".../64x64"</span> <span class="na">alt=</span><span class="s">"Generic placeholder image"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media-body"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;h5</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mt-0"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Top-aligned media<span class="nt">&lt;/h5&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;p&gt;</span>Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.<span class="nt">&lt;/p&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;p&gt;</span>Donec sed odio dui. Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.<span class="nt">&lt;/p&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>
<div class="bd-example">
<div class="media">
<img class="align-self-center mr-3" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="Generic placeholder image" />
<div class="media-body">
<h5 class="mt-0">Center-aligned media</h5>
<p>Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.</p>
<p class="mb-0">Donec sed odio dui. Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;img</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"align-self-center mr-3"</span> <span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">".../64x64"</span> <span class="na">alt=</span><span class="s">"Generic placeholder image"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media-body"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;h5</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mt-0"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Center-aligned media<span class="nt">&lt;/h5&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;p&gt;</span>Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.<span class="nt">&lt;/p&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;p</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mb-0"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Donec sed odio dui. Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.<span class="nt">&lt;/p&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>
<div class="bd-example">
<div class="media">
<img class="align-self-end mr-3" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="Generic placeholder image" />
<div class="media-body">
<h5 class="mt-0">Bottom-aligned media</h5>
<p>Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.</p>
<p class="mb-0">Donec sed odio dui. Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;img</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"align-self-end mr-3"</span> <span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">".../64x64"</span> <span class="na">alt=</span><span class="s">"Generic placeholder image"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media-body"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;h5</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mt-0"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Bottom-aligned media<span class="nt">&lt;/h5&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;p&gt;</span>Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.<span class="nt">&lt;/p&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;p</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mb-0"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Donec sed odio dui. Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.<span class="nt">&lt;/p&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="order">Order</h2>
<p>Change the order of content in media objects by modifying the HTML itself, or by adding some custom flexbox CSS to set the <code class="highlighter-rouge">order</code> property (to an integer of your choosing).</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<div class="media">
<div class="media-body">
<h5 class="mt-0 mb-1">Media object</h5>
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.
</div>
<img class="ml-3" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="Generic placeholder image" />
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media-body"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;h5</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mt-0 mb-1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Media object<span class="nt">&lt;/h5&gt;</span>
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;img</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"ml-3"</span> <span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">".../64x64"</span> <span class="na">alt=</span><span class="s">"Generic placeholder image"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="media-list">Media list</h2>
<p>Because the media object has so few structural requirements, you can also use these classes on list HTML elements. On your <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;ul&gt;</code> or <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;ol&gt;</code>, add the <code class="highlighter-rouge">.list-unstyled</code> to remove any browser default list styles, and then apply <code class="highlighter-rouge">.media</code> to your <code class="highlighter-rouge">&lt;li&gt;</code>s. As always, use spacing utilities wherever needed to fine tune.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li class="media">
<img class="mr-3" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="Generic placeholder image" />
<div class="media-body">
<h5 class="mt-0 mb-1">List-based media object</h5>
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.
</div>
</li>
<li class="media my-4">
<img class="mr-3" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="Generic placeholder image" />
<div class="media-body">
<h5 class="mt-0 mb-1">List-based media object</h5>
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.
</div>
</li>
<li class="media">
<img class="mr-3" data-src="holder.js/64x64" alt="Generic placeholder image" />
<div class="media-body">
<h5 class="mt-0 mb-1">List-based media object</h5>
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;ul</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"list-unstyled"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;li</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;img</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mr-3"</span> <span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">".../64x64"</span> <span class="na">alt=</span><span class="s">"Generic placeholder image"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media-body"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;h5</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mt-0 mb-1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>List-based media object<span class="nt">&lt;/h5&gt;</span>
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/li&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;li</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media my-4"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;img</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mr-3"</span> <span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">".../64x64"</span> <span class="na">alt=</span><span class="s">"Generic placeholder image"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media-body"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;h5</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mt-0 mb-1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>List-based media object<span class="nt">&lt;/h5&gt;</span>
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/li&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;li</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;img</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mr-3"</span> <span class="na">src=</span><span class="s">".../64x64"</span> <span class="na">alt=</span><span class="s">"Generic placeholder image"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"media-body"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;h5</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"mt-0 mb-1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>List-based media object<span class="nt">&lt;/h5&gt;</span>
Cras sit amet nibh libero, in gravida nulla. Nulla vel metus scelerisque ante sollicitudin. Cras purus odio, vestibulum in vulputate at, tempus viverra turpis. Fusce condimentum nunc ac nisi vulputate fringilla. Donec lacinia congue felis in faucibus.
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/li&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/ul&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>
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<main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 py-md-3 pl-md-5 bd-content" role="main">
<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Overview</h1>
<p class="bd-lead">Components and options for laying out your Bootstrap project, including wrapping containers, a powerful grid system, a flexible media object, and responsive utility classes.</p>
<script async src="https://cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?zoneid=1673&serve=C6AILKT&placement=getbootstrapcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script>
<h2 id="containers">Containers</h2>
<p>Containers are the most basic layout element in Bootstrap and are <strong>required when using our default grid system</strong>. Choose from a responsive, fixed-width container (meaning its <code class="highlighter-rouge">max-width</code> changes at each breakpoint) or fluid-width (meaning its <code class="highlighter-rouge">100%</code> wide all the time).</p>
<p>While containers <em>can</em> be nested, most layouts do not require a nested container.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<div class="bd-example-container">
<div class="bd-example-container-header"></div>
<div class="bd-example-container-sidebar"></div>
<div class="bd-example-container-body"></div>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"container"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="c">&lt;!-- Content here --&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>
<p>Use <code class="highlighter-rouge">.container-fluid</code> for a full width container, spanning the entire width of the viewport.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<div class="bd-example-container bd-example-container-fluid">
<div class="bd-example-container-header"></div>
<div class="bd-example-container-sidebar"></div>
<div class="bd-example-container-body"></div>
</div>
</div>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="nt">&lt;div</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"container-fluid"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
...
<span class="nt">&lt;/div&gt;</span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="responsive-breakpoints">Responsive breakpoints</h2>
<p>Since Bootstrap is developed to be mobile first, we use a handful of <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries">media queries</a> to create sensible breakpoints for our layouts and interfaces. These breakpoints are mostly based on minimum viewport widths and allow us to scale up elements as the viewport changes.</p>
<p>Bootstrap primarily uses the following media query ranges—or breakpoints—in our source Sass files for our layout, grid system, and components.</p>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="c1">// Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)</span>
<span class="c1">// No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap</span>
<span class="c1">// Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">576px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">768px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Large devices (desktops, 992px and up)</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">992px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
<p>Since we write our source CSS in Sass, all our media queries are available via Sass mixins:</p>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xs</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sm</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">md</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lg</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xl</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Example usage:</span>
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sm</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nc">.some-class</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nl">display</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">block</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
<p>We occasionally use media queries that go in the other direction (the given screen size <em>or smaller</em>):</p>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="c1">// Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">575</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Small devices (landscape phones, less than 768px)</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">767</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Medium devices (tablets, less than 992px)</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">991</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Large devices (desktops, less than 1200px)</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1199</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Extra large devices (large desktops)</span>
<span class="c1">// No media query since the extra-large breakpoint has no upper bound on its width</span></code></pre></figure>
<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-info">
<p>Note that since browsers do not currently support <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-4/#range-context">range context queries</a>, we work around the limitations of <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-4/#mq-min-max"><code class="highlighter-rouge">min-</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">max-</code> prefixes</a> and viewports with fractional widths (which can occur under certain conditions on high-dpi devices, for instance) by using values with higher precision for these comparisons.</p>
</div>
<p>Once again, these media queries are also available via Sass mixins:</p>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xs</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sm</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">md</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lg</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
<p>There are also media queries and mixins for targeting a single segment of screen sizes using the minimum and maximum breakpoint widths.</p>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="c1">// Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">575</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">576px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nf">and</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">767</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">768px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nf">and</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">991</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Large devices (desktops, 992px and up)</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">992px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nf">and</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1199</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// Extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1200px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
<p>These media queries are also available via Sass mixins:</p>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xs</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sm</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">md</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lg</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">xl</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
<p>Similarly, media queries may span multiple breakpoint widths:</p>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="c1">// Example</span>
<span class="c1">// Apply styles starting from medium devices and up to extra large devices</span>
<span class="k">@media</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">768px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nf">and</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="m">1199</span><span class="mi">.98px</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
<p>The Sass mixin for targeting the same screen size range would be:</p>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="k">@include</span> <span class="nd">media-breakpoint-between</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">md</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">xl</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nc">...</span> <span class="p">}</span></code></pre></figure>
<h2 id="z-index">Z-index</h2>
<p>Several Bootstrap components utilize <code class="highlighter-rouge">z-index</code>, the CSS property that helps control layout by providing a third axis to arrange content. We utilize a default z-index scale in Bootstrap thats been designed to properly layer navigation, tooltips and popovers, modals, and more.</p>
<p>These higher values start at an arbitrary number, high and specific enough to ideally avoid conflicts. We need a standard set of these across our layered components—tooltips, popovers, navbars, dropdowns, modals—so we can be reasonably consistent in the behaviors. Theres no reason we couldnt have used <code class="highlighter-rouge">100</code>+ or <code class="highlighter-rouge">500</code>+.</p>
<p>We dont encourage customization of these individual values; should you change one, you likely need to change them all.</p>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="nv">$zindex-dropdown</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1000</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$zindex-sticky</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1020</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$zindex-fixed</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1030</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$zindex-modal-backdrop</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1040</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$zindex-modal</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1050</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$zindex-popover</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1060</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$zindex-tooltip</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="m">1070</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="nb">default</span><span class="p">;</span></code></pre></figure>
<p>To handle overlapping borders within components (e.g., buttons and inputs in input groups), we use low single digit <code class="highlighter-rouge">z-index</code> values of <code class="highlighter-rouge">1</code>, <code class="highlighter-rouge">2</code>, and <code class="highlighter-rouge">3</code> for default, hover, and active states. On hover/focus/active, we bring a particular element to the forefront with a higher <code class="highlighter-rouge">z-index</code> value to show their border over the sibling elements.</p>
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<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#changing-display">Changing display</a></li>
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<main class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8 py-md-3 pl-md-5 bd-content" role="main">
<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Utilities for layout</h1>
<p class="bd-lead">For faster mobile-friendly and responsive development, Bootstrap includes dozens of utility classes for showing, hiding, aligning, and spacing content.</p>
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<h2 id="changing-display">Changing <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code></h2>
<p>Use our <a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/display/">display utilities</a> for responsively toggling common values of the <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> property. Mix it with our grid system, content, or components to show or hide them across specific viewports.</p>
<h2 id="flexbox-options">Flexbox options</h2>
<p>Bootstrap 4 is built with flexbox, but not every elements <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> has been changed to <code class="highlighter-rouge">display: flex</code> as this would add many unnecessary overrides and unexpectedly change key browser behaviors. Most of <a href="/docs/4.1/components/alerts/">our components</a> are built with flexbox enabled.</p>
<p>Should you need to add <code class="highlighter-rouge">display: flex</code> to an element, do so with <code class="highlighter-rouge">.d-flex</code> or one of the responsive variants (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">.d-sm-flex</code>). Youll need this class or <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> value to allow the use of our extra <a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/flex/">flexbox utilities</a> for sizing, alignment, spacing, and more.</p>
<h2 id="margin-and-padding">Margin and padding</h2>
<p>Use the <code class="highlighter-rouge">margin</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">padding</code> <a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/spacing/">spacing utilities</a> to control how elements and components are spaced and sized. Bootstrap 4 includes a five-level scale for spacing utilities, based on a <code class="highlighter-rouge">1rem</code> value default <code class="highlighter-rouge">$spacer</code> variable. Choose values for all viewports (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">.mr-3</code> for <code class="highlighter-rouge">margin-right: 1rem</code>), or pick responsive variants to target specific viewports (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">.mr-md-3</code> for <code class="highlighter-rouge">margin-right: 1rem</code> starting at the <code class="highlighter-rouge">md</code> breakpoint).</p>
<h2 id="toggle-visibility">Toggle <code class="highlighter-rouge">visibility</code></h2>
<p>When toggling <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> isnt needed, you can toggle the <code class="highlighter-rouge">visibility</code> of an element with our <a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/visibility/">visibility utilities</a>. Invisible elements will still affect the layout of the page, but are visually hidden from visitors.</p>
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