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Add v5.0.0-beta1 docs. (#32256)

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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="description" content="A brief overview of Bootstrap&rsquo;s features and limitations for the creation of accessible content.">
<meta name="author" content="Mark Otto, Jacob Thornton, and Bootstrap contributors">
<meta name="generator" content="Hugo 0.79.0">
<meta name="docsearch:language" content="en">
<meta name="docsearch:version" content="5.0">
<title>Accessibility · Bootstrap v5.0</title>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.0/getting-started/accessibility/">
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link href="/docs/5.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-giJF6kkoqNQ00vy+HMDP7azOuL0xtbfIcaT9wjKHr8RbDVddVHyTfAAsrekwKmP1" crossorigin="anonymous">
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<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@getbootstrap">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@getbootstrap">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Accessibility">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="A brief overview of Bootstrap&rsquo;s features and limitations for the creation of accessible content.">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.0/assets/brand/bootstrap-social.png">
<!-- Facebook -->
<meta property="og:url" content="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.0/getting-started/accessibility/">
<meta property="og:title" content="Accessibility">
<meta property="og:description" content="A brief overview of Bootstrap&rsquo;s features and limitations for the creation of accessible content.">
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<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Accessibility</h1>
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<p class="bd-lead">A brief overview of Bootstrap&rsquo;s features and limitations for the creation of accessible content.</p>
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<li><a href="#overview-and-limitations">Overview and limitations</a>
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<li><a href="#structural-markup">Structural markup</a></li>
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<p>Bootstrap provides an easy-to-use framework of ready-made styles, layout tools, and interactive components, allowing developers to create websites and applications that are visually appealing, functionally rich, and accessible out of the box.</p>
<h2 id="overview-and-limitations">Overview and limitations</h2>
<p>The overall accessibility of any project built with Bootstrap depends in large part on the author&rsquo;s markup, additional styling, and scripting they&rsquo;ve included. However, provided that these have been implemented correctly, it should be perfectly possible to create websites and applications with Bootstrap that fulfill <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/"><abbr title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">WCAG</abbr> 2.1</a> (A/AA/AAA), <a href="https://www.section508.gov/">Section 508</a>, and similar accessibility standards and requirements.</p>
<h3 id="structural-markup">Structural markup</h3>
<p>Bootstrap&rsquo;s styling and layout can be applied to a wide range of markup structures. This documentation aims to provide developers with best practice examples to demonstrate the use of Bootstrap itself and illustrate appropriate semantic markup, including ways in which potential accessibility concerns can be addressed.</p>
<h3 id="interactive-components">Interactive components</h3>
<p>Bootstrap&rsquo;s interactive components—such as modal dialogs, dropdown menus, and custom tooltips—are designed to work for touch, mouse, and keyboard users. Through the use of relevant <a href="https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/aria/"><abbr title="Web Accessibility Initiative">WAI</abbr>-<abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">ARIA</abbr></a> roles and attributes, these components should also be understandable and operable using assistive technologies (such as screen readers).</p>
<p>Because Bootstrap&rsquo;s components are purposely designed to be fairly generic, authors may need to include further <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">ARIA</abbr> roles and attributes, as well as JavaScript behavior, to more accurately convey the precise nature and functionality of their component. This is usually noted in the documentation.</p>
<h3 id="color-contrast">Color contrast</h3>
<p>Some combinations of colors that currently make up Bootstrap&rsquo;s default palette—used throughout the framework for things such as button variations, alert variations, form validation indicators—may lead to <em>insufficient</em> color contrast (below the recommended <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/#contrast-minimum">WCAG 2.1 text color contrast ratio of 4.5:1</a> and the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/#non-text-contrast">WCAG 2.1 non-text color contrast ratio of 3:1</a>), particularly when used against a light background. Authors are encouraged to test their specific uses of color and, where necessary, manually modify/extend these default colors to ensure adequate color contrast ratios.</p>
<h3 id="visually-hidden-content">Visually hidden content</h3>
<p>Content which should be visually hidden, but remain accessible to assistive technologies such as screen readers, can be styled using the <code>.visually-hidden</code> class. This can be useful in situations where additional visual information or cues (such as meaning denoted through the use of color) need to also be conveyed to non-visual users.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">p</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;text-danger&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">span</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;visually-hidden&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Danger: <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
This action is not reversible
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>For visually hidden interactive controls, such as traditional &ldquo;skip&rdquo; links, use the <code>.visually-hidden-focusable</code> class. This will ensure that the control becomes visible once focused (for sighted keyboard users). <strong>Watch out, compared to the equivalent <code>.sr-only</code> and <code>.sr-only-focusable</code> classes in past versions, Bootstrap 5&rsquo;s <code>.visually-hidden-focusable</code> is a standalone class, and must not be used in combination with the <code>.visually-hidden</code> class.</strong></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">a</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;visually-hidden-focusable&#34;</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;#content&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Skip to main content<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">a</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="reduced-motion">Reduced motion</h3>
<p>Bootstrap includes support for the <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/mediaqueries-5/#prefers-reduced-motion"><code>prefers-reduced-motion</code> media feature</a>. In browsers/environments that allow the user to specify their preference for reduced motion, most CSS transition effects in Bootstrap (for instance, when a modal dialog is opened or closed, or the sliding animation in carousels) will be disabled, and meaningful animations (such as spinners) will be slowed down.</p>
<p>On browsers that support <code>prefers-reduced-motion</code>, and where the user has <em>not</em> explicitly signaled that they&rsquo;d prefer reduced motion (i.e. where <code>prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference</code>), Bootstrap enables smooth scrolling using the <code>scroll-behavior</code> property.</p>
<h2 id="additional-resources">Additional resources</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.a11yproject.com/">The A11Y Project</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility">MDN accessibility documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tenon.io/">Tenon.io Accessibility Checker</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.paciellogroup.com/resources/contrastanalyser/">Color Contrast Analyser (CCA)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/squizlabs/HTML_CodeSniffer">&ldquo;HTML Codesniffer&rdquo; bookmarklet for identifying accessibility issues</a></li>
<li><a href="https://accessibilityinsights.io/">Microsoft Accessibility Insights</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.deque.com/axe/">Deque Axe testing tools</a></li>
</ul>
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<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Browsers and devices</h1>
</div>
<p class="bd-lead">Learn about the browsers and devices, from modern to old, that are supported by Bootstrap, including known quirks and bugs for each.</p>
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<div class="bd-toc mt-4 mb-5 my-md-0 ps-xl-3 mb-lg-5 text-muted">
<strong class="d-block h6 my-2 pb-2 border-bottom">On this page</strong>
<nav id="TableOfContents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#supported-browsers">Supported browsers</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#mobile-devices">Mobile devices</a></li>
<li><a href="#desktop-browsers">Desktop browsers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#internet-explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="#modals-and-dropdowns-on-mobile">Modals and dropdowns on mobile</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#overflow-and-scrolling">Overflow and scrolling</a></li>
<li><a href="#ios-text-fields-and-scrolling">iOS text fields and scrolling</a></li>
<li><a href="#navbar-dropdowns">Navbar Dropdowns</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#browser-zooming">Browser zooming</a></li>
<li><a href="#validators">Validators</a></li>
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<div class="bd-content ps-lg-4">
<h2 id="supported-browsers">Supported browsers</h2>
<p>Bootstrap supports the <strong>latest, stable releases</strong> of all major browsers and platforms.</p>
<p>Alternative browsers which use the latest version of WebKit, Blink, or Gecko, whether directly or via the platform&rsquo;s web view API, are not explicitly supported. However, Bootstrap should (in most cases) display and function correctly in these browsers as well. More specific support information is provided below.</p>
<p>You can find our supported range of browsers and their versions <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/v5.0.0-beta1/.browserslistrc">in our <code>.browserslistrc file</code></a>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"># https://github.com/browserslist/browserslist#readme
&gt;= 0.5%
last 2 major versions
not dead
Chrome &gt;= 60
Firefox &gt;= 60
# needed since Legacy Edge still has usage; 79 was the first Chromium Edge version
# should be removed in the future when its usage drops or when it&#39;s moved to dead browsers
not Edge &lt; 79
Firefox ESR
iOS &gt;= 10
Safari &gt;= 10
Android &gt;= 6
not Explorer &lt;= 11
</code></pre></div><p>We use <a href="https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer">Autoprefixer</a> to handle intended browser support via CSS prefixes, which uses <a href="https://github.com/browserslist/browserslist">Browserslist</a> to manage these browser versions. Consult their documentation for how to integrate these tools into your projects.</p>
<h3 id="mobile-devices">Mobile devices</h3>
<p>Generally speaking, Bootstrap supports the latest versions of each major platform&rsquo;s default browsers. Note that proxy browsers (such as Opera Mini, Opera Mobile&rsquo;s Turbo mode, UC Browser Mini, Amazon Silk) are not supported.</p>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col"></th>
<th scope="col">Chrome</th>
<th scope="col">Firefox</th>
<th scope="col">Safari</th>
<th scope="col">Android Browser &amp; WebView</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Android</th>
<td>Supported</td>
<td>Supported</td>
<td class="text-muted">&mdash;</td>
<td>v6.0+</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">iOS</th>
<td>Supported</td>
<td>Supported</td>
<td>Supported</td>
<td class="text-muted">&mdash;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="desktop-browsers">Desktop browsers</h3>
<p>Similarly, the latest versions of most desktop browsers are supported.</p>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col"></th>
<th scope="col">Chrome</th>
<th scope="col">Firefox</th>
<th scope="col">Microsoft Edge</th>
<th scope="col">Opera</th>
<th scope="col">Safari</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Mac</th>
<td>Supported</td>
<td>Supported</td>
<td>Supported</td>
<td>Supported</td>
<td>Supported</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">Windows</th>
<td>Supported</td>
<td>Supported</td>
<td>Supported</td>
<td>Supported</td>
<td class="text-muted">&mdash;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>For Firefox, in addition to the latest normal stable release, we also support the latest <a href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/enterprise/">Extended Support Release (ESR)</a> version of Firefox.</p>
<p>Unofficially, Bootstrap should look and behave well enough in Chromium and Chrome for Linux, and Firefox for Linux, though they are not officially supported.</p>
<h2 id="internet-explorer">Internet Explorer</h2>
<p>Internet Explorer is not supported. <strong>If you require Internet Explorer support, please use Bootstrap v4.</strong></p>
<h2 id="modals-and-dropdowns-on-mobile">Modals and dropdowns on mobile</h2>
<h3 id="overflow-and-scrolling">Overflow and scrolling</h3>
<p>Support for <code>overflow: hidden;</code> on the <code>&lt;body&gt;</code> element is quite limited in iOS and Android. To that end, when you scroll past the top or bottom of a modal in either of those devices' browsers, the <code>&lt;body&gt;</code> content will begin to scroll. See <a href="https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=175502">Chrome bug #175502</a> (fixed in Chrome v40) and <a href="https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=153852">WebKit bug #153852</a>.</p>
<h3 id="ios-text-fields-and-scrolling">iOS text fields and scrolling</h3>
<p>As of iOS 9.2, while a modal is open, if the initial touch of a scroll gesture is within the boundary of a textual <code>&lt;input&gt;</code> or a <code>&lt;textarea&gt;</code>, the <code>&lt;body&gt;</code> content underneath the modal will be scrolled instead of the modal itself. See <a href="https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=153856">WebKit bug #153856</a>.</p>
<h3 id="navbar-dropdowns">Navbar Dropdowns</h3>
<p>The <code>.dropdown-backdrop</code> element isn&rsquo;t used on iOS in the nav because of the complexity of z-indexing. Thus, to close dropdowns in navbars, you must directly click the dropdown element (or <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/click_event#Safari_Mobile">any other element which will fire a click event in iOS</a>).</p>
<h2 id="browser-zooming">Browser zooming</h2>
<p>Page zooming inevitably presents rendering artifacts in some components, both in Bootstrap and the rest of the web. Depending on the issue, we may be able to fix it (search first and then open an issue if need be). However, we tend to ignore these as they often have no direct solution other than hacky workarounds.</p>
<h2 id="validators">Validators</h2>
<p>In order to provide the best possible experience to old and buggy browsers, Bootstrap uses <a href="http://browserhacks.com/">CSS browser hacks</a> in several places to target special CSS to certain browser versions in order to work around bugs in the browsers themselves. These hacks understandably cause CSS validators to complain that they are invalid. In a couple places, we also use bleeding-edge CSS features that aren&rsquo;t yet fully standardized, but these are used purely for progressive enhancement.</p>
<p>These validation warnings don&rsquo;t matter in practice since the non-hacky portion of our CSS does fully validate and the hacky portions don&rsquo;t interfere with the proper functioning of the non-hacky portion, hence why we deliberately ignore these particular warnings.</p>
<p>Our HTML docs likewise have some trivial and inconsequential HTML validation warnings due to our inclusion of a workaround for <a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=654072">a certain Firefox bug</a>.</p>
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<p class="mb-0">Designed and built with all the love in the world by the <a href="/docs/5.0/about/team/">Bootstrap team</a> with the help of <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/graphs/contributors">our contributors</a>.</p>
<p class="mb-0">Currently v5.0.0-beta1. Code licensed <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/LICENSE" target="_blank" rel="license noopener">MIT</a>, docs <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" target="_blank" rel="license noopener">CC BY 3.0</a>.</p>
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<!doctype html>
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<meta name="description" content="Learn how to use Bootstrap&rsquo;s included npm scripts to build our documentation, compile source code, run tests, and more.">
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<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Build tools</h1>
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<p class="bd-lead">Learn how to use Bootstrap&rsquo;s included npm scripts to build our documentation, compile source code, run tests, and more.</p>
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<strong class="d-block h6 my-2 pb-2 border-bottom">On this page</strong>
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<ul>
<li><a href="#tooling-setup">Tooling setup</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-npm-scripts">Using npm scripts</a></li>
<li><a href="#autoprefixer">Autoprefixer</a></li>
<li><a href="#rtlcss">RTLCSS</a></li>
<li><a href="#local-documentation">Local documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li>
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<div class="bd-content ps-lg-4">
<h2 id="tooling-setup">Tooling setup</h2>
<p>Bootstrap uses <a href="https://docs.npmjs.com/misc/scripts/">npm scripts</a> for its build system. Our <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/v5.0.0-beta1/package.json">package.json</a> includes convenient methods for working with the framework, including compiling code, running tests, and more.</p>
<p>To use our build system and run our documentation locally, you&rsquo;ll need a copy of Bootstrap&rsquo;s source files and Node. Follow these steps and you should be ready to rock:</p>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://nodejs.org/en/download/">Download and install Node.js</a>, which we use to manage our dependencies.</li>
<li>Either <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/archive/v5.0.0-beta1.zip">download Bootstrap&rsquo;s sources</a> or fork <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap">Bootstrap&rsquo;s repository</a>.</li>
<li>Navigate to the root <code>/bootstrap</code> directory and run <code>npm install</code> to install our local dependencies listed in <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/v5.0.0-beta1/package.json">package.json</a>.</li>
</ol>
<p>When completed, you&rsquo;ll be able to run the various commands provided from the command line.</p>
<h2 id="using-npm-scripts">Using npm scripts</h2>
<p>Our <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/v5.0.0-beta1/package.json">package.json</a> includes numerous tasks for developing the project. Run <code>npm run</code> to see all the npm scripts in your terminal. <strong>Primary tasks include:</strong></p>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Task</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<code>npm start</code>
</td>
<td>
Compiles CSS and JavaScript, builds the documentation, and starts a local server.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code>npm run dist</code>
</td>
<td>
Creates the <code>dist/</code> directory with compiled files. Requires <a href="https://sass-lang.com/">Sass</a>, <a href="https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer">Autoprefixer</a>, and <a href="https://github.com/terser/terser">terser</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code>npm test</code>
</td>
<td>
Runs tests locally after running <code>npm run dist</code>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code>npm run docs-serve</code>
</td>
<td>
Builds and runs the documentation locally.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="autoprefixer">Autoprefixer</h2>
<p>Bootstrap uses <a href="https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer">Autoprefixer</a> (included in our build process) to automatically add vendor prefixes to some CSS properties at build time. Doing so saves us time and code by allowing us to write key parts of our CSS a single time while eliminating the need for vendor mixins like those found in v3.</p>
<p>We maintain the list of browsers supported through Autoprefixer in a separate file within our GitHub repository. See <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/v5.0.0-beta1/.browserslistrc">.browserslistrc</a> for details.</p>
<h2 id="rtlcss">RTLCSS</h2>
<p>Bootstrap uses <a href="https://rtlcss.com/">RTLCSS</a> to process compiled CSS and convert them to RTL – basically replacing horizontal direction aware properties (eg. <code>padding-left</code>) with their opposite. It allows us only write our CSS a single time and make minor tweaks using RTLCSS <a href="https://rtlcss.com/learn/usage-guide/control-directives/">control</a> and <a href="https://rtlcss.com/learn/usage-guide/value-directives/">value</a> directives.</p>
<h2 id="local-documentation">Local documentation</h2>
<p>Running our documentation locally requires the use of Hugo, which gets installed via the <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/hugo-bin">hugo-bin</a> npm package. Hugo is a blazingly fast and quite extensible static site generator that provides us: basic includes, Markdown-based files, templates, and more. Here&rsquo;s how to get it started:</p>
<ol>
<li>Run through the <a href="#tooling-setup">tooling setup</a> above to install all dependencies.</li>
<li>From the root <code>/bootstrap</code> directory, run <code>npm run docs-serve</code> in the command line.</li>
<li>Open <code>http://localhost:9001/</code> in your browser, and voilà.</li>
</ol>
<p>Learn more about using Hugo by reading its <a href="https://gohugo.io/documentation/">documentation</a>.</p>
<h2 id="troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</h2>
<p>Should you encounter problems with installing dependencies, uninstall all previous dependency versions (global and local). Then, rerun <code>npm install</code>.</p>
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<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Contents</h1>
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<p class="bd-lead">Discover what&rsquo;s included in Bootstrap, including our precompiled and source code flavors.</p>
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<li><a href="#precompiled-bootstrap">Precompiled Bootstrap</a></li>
<li><a href="#css-files">CSS files</a></li>
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<h2 id="precompiled-bootstrap">Precompiled Bootstrap</h2>
<p>Once downloaded, unzip the compressed folder and you&rsquo;ll see something like this:</p>
<!-- NOTE: This info is intentionally duplicated in the README. Copy any changes made here over to the README too, but be sure to keep in mind to add the `dist` folder. -->
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">bootstrap/
├── css/
│ ├── bootstrap-grid.css
│ ├── bootstrap-grid.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap-grid.min.css
│ ├── bootstrap-grid.min.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap-grid.rtl.css
│ ├── bootstrap-grid.rtl.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap-grid.rtl.min.css
│ ├── bootstrap-grid.rtl.min.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap-reboot.css
│ ├── bootstrap-reboot.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap-reboot.min.css
│ ├── bootstrap-reboot.min.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap-reboot.rtl.css
│ ├── bootstrap-reboot.rtl.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap-reboot.rtl.min.css
│ ├── bootstrap-reboot.rtl.min.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap-utilities.css
│ ├── bootstrap-utilities.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap-utilities.min.css
│ ├── bootstrap-utilities.min.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap-utilities.rtl.css
│ ├── bootstrap-utilities.rtl.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap-utilities.rtl.min.css
│ ├── bootstrap-utilities.rtl.min.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap.css
│ ├── bootstrap.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap.min.css
│ ├── bootstrap.min.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap.rtl.css
│ ├── bootstrap.rtl.css.map
│ ├── bootstrap.rtl.min.css
│ └── bootstrap.rtl.min.css.map
└── js/
├── bootstrap.bundle.js
├── bootstrap.bundle.js.map
├── bootstrap.bundle.min.js
├── bootstrap.bundle.min.js.map
├── bootstrap.esm.js
├── bootstrap.esm.js.map
├── bootstrap.esm.min.js
├── bootstrap.esm.min.js.map
├── bootstrap.js
├── bootstrap.js.map
├── bootstrap.min.js
└── bootstrap.min.js.map
</code></pre></div><p>This is the most basic form of Bootstrap: precompiled files for quick drop-in usage in nearly any web project. We provide compiled CSS and JS (<code>bootstrap.*</code>), as well as compiled and minified CSS and JS (<code>bootstrap.min.*</code>). <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/tools/chrome-devtools/javascript/source-maps">source maps</a> (<code>bootstrap.*.map</code>) are available for use with certain browsers' developer tools. Bundled JS files (<code>bootstrap.bundle.js</code> and minified <code>bootstrap.bundle.min.js</code>) include <a href="https://popper.js.org/">Popper</a>.</p>
<h2 id="css-files">CSS files</h2>
<p>Bootstrap includes a handful of options for including some or all of our compiled CSS.</p>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">CSS files</th>
<th scope="col">Layout</th>
<th scope="col">Content</th>
<th scope="col">Components</th>
<th scope="col">Utilities</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap.css</code></div>
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap.rtl.css</code></div>
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap.min.css</code></div>
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap.rtl.min.css</code></div>
</th>
<td>Included</td>
<td>Included</td>
<td>Included</td>
<td>Included</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap-grid.css</code></div>
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap-grid.rtl.css</code></div>
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap-grid.min.css</code></div>
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap-grid.rtl.min.css</code></div>
</th>
<td><a class="link-secondary" href="/docs/5.0/layout/grid/">Only grid system</a></td>
<td class="text-muted">&mdash;</td>
<td class="text-muted">&mdash;</td>
<td><a class="link-secondary" href="/docs/5.0/utilities/flex/">Only flex utilities</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap-utilities.css</code></div>
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap-utilities.rtl.css</code></div>
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap-utilities.min.css</code></div>
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap-utilities.rtl.min.css</code></div>
</th>
<td class="text-muted">&mdash;</td>
<td class="text-muted">&mdash;</td>
<td class="text-muted">&mdash;</td>
<td>Included</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap-reboot.css</code></div>
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap-reboot.rtl.css</code></div>
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap-reboot.min.css</code></div>
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap-reboot.rtl.min.css</code></div>
</th>
<td class="text-muted">&mdash;</td>
<td><a class="link-secondary" href="/docs/5.0/content/reboot/">Only Reboot</a></td>
<td class="text-muted">&mdash;</td>
<td class="text-muted">&mdash;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="js-files">JS files</h2>
<p>Similarly, we have options for including some or all of our compiled JavaScript.</p>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">JS files</th>
<th scope="col">Popper</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap.bundle.js</code></div>
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap.bundle.min.js</code></div>
</th>
<td>Included</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row">
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap.js</code></div>
<div><code class="fw-normal text-nowrap">bootstrap.min.js</code></div>
</th>
<td class="text-muted">&mdash;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="bootstrap-source-code">Bootstrap source code</h2>
<p>The Bootstrap source code download includes the precompiled CSS and JavaScript assets, along with source Sass, JavaScript, and documentation. More specifically, it includes the following and more:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text">bootstrap/
├── dist/
│ ├── css/
│ └── js/
├── site/
│ └──content/
│ └── docs/
│ └── 5.0/
│ └── examples/
├── js/
└── scss/
</code></pre></div><p>The <code>scss/</code> and <code>js/</code> are the source code for our CSS and JavaScript. The <code>dist/</code> folder includes everything listed in the precompiled download section above. The <code>site/docs/</code> folder includes the source code for our documentation, and <code>examples/</code> of Bootstrap usage. Beyond that, any other included file provides support for packages, license information, and development.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">link</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css&#34;</span> <span class="na">rel</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;stylesheet&#34;</span> <span class="na">integrity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;sha384-giJF6kkoqNQ00vy+HMDP7azOuL0xtbfIcaT9wjKHr8RbDVddVHyTfAAsrekwKmP1&#34;</span> <span class="na">crossorigin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;anonymous&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">script</span> <span class="na">src</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js&#34;</span> <span class="na">integrity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;sha384-ygbV9kiqUc6oa4msXn9868pTtWMgiQaeYH7/t7LECLbyPA2x65Kgf80OJFdroafW&#34;</span> <span class="na">crossorigin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;anonymous&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nt">script</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>If you&rsquo;re using our compiled JavaScript and prefer to include Popper separately, add Popper before our JS, via a CDN preferably.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">script</span> <span class="na">src</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@popperjs/core@2.5.4/dist/umd/popper.min.js&#34;</span> <span class="na">integrity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;sha384-q2kxQ16AaE6UbzuKqyBE9/u/KzioAlnx2maXQHiDX9d4/zp8Ok3f+M7DPm+Ib6IU&#34;</span> <span class="na">crossorigin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;anonymous&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nt">script</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">script</span> <span class="na">src</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js&#34;</span> <span class="na">integrity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;sha384-pQQkAEnwaBkjpqZ8RU1fF1AKtTcHJwFl3pblpTlHXybJjHpMYo79HY3hIi4NKxyj&#34;</span> <span class="na">crossorigin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;anonymous&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nt">script</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="package-managers">Package managers</h2>
<p>Pull in Bootstrap&rsquo;s <strong>source files</strong> into nearly any project with some of the most popular package managers. No matter the package manager, Bootstrap will <strong>require a Sass compiler and <a href="https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer">Autoprefixer</a></strong> for a setup that matches our official compiled versions.</p>
<h3 id="npm">npm</h3>
<p>Install Bootstrap in your Node.js powered apps with <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/bootstrap">the npm package</a>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh">npm install bootstrap@next
</code></pre></div><p><code>const bootstrap = require('bootstrap')</code> or <code>import bootstrap from 'bootstrap'</code> will load all of Bootstrap&rsquo;s plugins onto a <code>bootstrap</code> object.
The <code>bootstrap</code> module itself exports all of our plugins. You can manually load Bootstrap&rsquo;s plugins individually by loading the <code>/js/dist/*.js</code> files under the package&rsquo;s top-level directory.</p>
<p>Bootstrap&rsquo;s <code>package.json</code> contains some additional metadata under the following keys:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>sass</code> - path to Bootstrap&rsquo;s main <a href="https://sass-lang.com/">Sass</a> source file</li>
<li><code>style</code> - path to Bootstrap&rsquo;s non-minified CSS that&rsquo;s been precompiled using the default settings (no customization)</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="yarn">yarn</h3>
<p>Install Bootstrap in your Node.js powered apps with <a href="https://yarnpkg.com/en/package/bootstrap">the yarn package</a>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh">yarn add bootstrap@next
</code></pre></div><h3 id="rubygems">RubyGems</h3>
<p>Install Bootstrap in your Ruby apps using <a href="https://bundler.io/">Bundler</a> (<strong>recommended</strong>) and <a href="https://rubygems.org/">RubyGems</a> by adding the following line to your <a href="https://bundler.io/gemfile.html"><code>Gemfile</code></a>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-ruby" data-lang="ruby"><span class="n">gem</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bootstrap&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;~&gt; 5.0.0.beta1&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Alternatively, if you&rsquo;re not using Bundler, you can install the gem by running this command:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh">gem install bootstrap -v 5.0.0.beta1
</code></pre></div><p><a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap-rubygem/blob/master/README.md">See the gem&rsquo;s README</a> for further details.</p>
<h3 id="composer">Composer</h3>
<p>You can also install and manage Bootstrap&rsquo;s Sass and JavaScript using <a href="https://getcomposer.org/">Composer</a>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh">composer require twbs/bootstrap:5.0.0-beta1
</code></pre></div><h3 id="nuget">NuGet</h3>
<p>If you develop in .NET, you can also install and manage Bootstrap&rsquo;s <a href="https://www.nuget.org/packages/bootstrap/">CSS</a> or <a href="https://www.nuget.org/packages/bootstrap.sass/">Sass</a> and JavaScript using <a href="https://www.nuget.org/">NuGet</a>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-powershell" data-lang="powershell"><span class="nb">Install-Package</span> <span class="n">bootstrap</span>
</code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-powershell" data-lang="powershell"><span class="nb">Install-Package</span> <span class="n">bootstrap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">sass</span>
</code></pre></div>
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<main class="bd-main order-1">
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<a class="btn btn-sm btn-bd-light mb-2 mb-md-0" href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/site/content/docs/5.0/getting-started/introduction.md" title="View and edit this file on GitHub" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View on GitHub</a>
<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Introduction</h1>
</div>
<p class="bd-lead">Get started with Bootstrap, the world&rsquo;s most popular framework for building responsive, mobile-first sites, with jsDelivr and a template starter page.</p>
<script async src="https://cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?serve=CKYIKKJL&placement=getbootstrapcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script>
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<div class="bd-toc mt-4 mb-5 my-md-0 ps-xl-3 mb-lg-5 text-muted">
<strong class="d-block h6 my-2 pb-2 border-bottom">On this page</strong>
<nav id="TableOfContents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#quick-start">Quick start</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#css">CSS</a></li>
<li><a href="#js">JS</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#bundle">Bundle</a></li>
<li><a href="#separate">Separate</a></li>
<li><a href="#modules">Modules</a></li>
<li><a href="#components">Components</a></li>
</ul>
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</ul>
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<li><a href="#starter-template">Starter template</a></li>
<li><a href="#important-globals">Important globals</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#html5-doctype">HTML5 doctype</a></li>
<li><a href="#responsive-meta-tag">Responsive meta tag</a></li>
<li><a href="#box-sizing">Box-sizing</a></li>
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<div class="bd-content ps-lg-4">
<h2 id="quick-start">Quick start</h2>
<p>Looking to quickly add Bootstrap to your project? Use jsDelivr, a free open source CDN. Using a package manager or need to download the source files? <a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/download/">Head to the downloads page</a>.</p>
<h3 id="css">CSS</h3>
<p>Copy-paste the stylesheet <code>&lt;link&gt;</code> into your <code>&lt;head&gt;</code> before all other stylesheets to load our CSS.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">link</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css&#34;</span> <span class="na">rel</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;stylesheet&#34;</span> <span class="na">integrity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;sha384-giJF6kkoqNQ00vy+HMDP7azOuL0xtbfIcaT9wjKHr8RbDVddVHyTfAAsrekwKmP1&#34;</span> <span class="na">crossorigin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;anonymous&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="js">JS</h3>
<p>Many of our components require the use of JavaScript to function. Specifically, they require our own JavaScript plugins and <a href="https://popper.js.org/">Popper</a>. Place <strong>one of following <code>&lt;script&gt;</code>s</strong> near the end of your pages, right before the closing <code>&lt;/body&gt;</code> tag, to enable them.</p>
<h4 id="bundle">Bundle</h4>
<p>Include every Bootstrap JavaScript plugin and dependency with one of our two bundles. Both <code>bootstrap.bundle.js</code> and <code>bootstrap.bundle.min.js</code> include <a href="https://popper.js.org/">Popper</a> for our tooltips and popovers. For more information about what&rsquo;s included in Bootstrap, please see our <a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/contents/#precompiled-bootstrap">contents</a> section.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">script</span> <span class="na">src</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js&#34;</span> <span class="na">integrity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;sha384-ygbV9kiqUc6oa4msXn9868pTtWMgiQaeYH7/t7LECLbyPA2x65Kgf80OJFdroafW&#34;</span> <span class="na">crossorigin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;anonymous&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nt">script</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><h4 id="separate">Separate</h4>
<p>If you decide to go with the separate scripts solution, Popper must come first (if you&rsquo;re using tooltips or popovers), and then our JavaScript plugins.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">script</span> <span class="na">src</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@popperjs/core@2.5.4/dist/umd/popper.min.js&#34;</span> <span class="na">integrity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;sha384-q2kxQ16AaE6UbzuKqyBE9/u/KzioAlnx2maXQHiDX9d4/zp8Ok3f+M7DPm+Ib6IU&#34;</span> <span class="na">crossorigin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;anonymous&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nt">script</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">script</span> <span class="na">src</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js&#34;</span> <span class="na">integrity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;sha384-pQQkAEnwaBkjpqZ8RU1fF1AKtTcHJwFl3pblpTlHXybJjHpMYo79HY3hIi4NKxyj&#34;</span> <span class="na">crossorigin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;anonymous&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nt">script</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><h4 id="modules">Modules</h4>
<p>If you use <code>&lt;script type=&quot;module&quot;&gt;</code>, please refer to our <a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/javascript/#using-bootstrap-as-a-module">using Bootstrap as a module</a> section.</p>
<h4 id="components">Components</h4>
<p>Curious which components explicitly require our JavaScript and Popper? Click the show components link below. If you&rsquo;re at all unsure about the general page structure, keep reading for an example page template.</p>
<details>
<summary class="text-primary mb-3">Show components requiring JavaScript</summary>
<ul>
<li>Alerts for dismissing</li>
<li>Buttons for toggling states and checkbox/radio functionality</li>
<li>Carousel for all slide behaviors, controls, and indicators</li>
<li>Collapse for toggling visibility of content</li>
<li>Dropdowns for displaying and positioning (also requires <a href="https://popper.js.org/">Popper</a>)</li>
<li>Modals for displaying, positioning, and scroll behavior</li>
<li>Navbar for extending our Collapse plugin to implement responsive behavior</li>
<li>Toasts for displaying and dismissing</li>
<li>Tooltips and popovers for displaying and positioning (also requires <a href="https://popper.js.org/">Popper</a>)</li>
<li>Scrollspy for scroll behavior and navigation updates</li>
</ul>
</details>
<h2 id="starter-template">Starter template</h2>
<p>Be sure to have your pages set up with the latest design and development standards. That means using an HTML5 doctype and including a viewport meta tag for proper responsive behaviors. Put it all together and your pages should look like this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="cp">&lt;!doctype html&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">html</span> <span class="na">lang</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;en&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="c">&lt;!-- Required meta tags --&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">meta</span> <span class="na">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;utf-8&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">meta</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;viewport&#34;</span> <span class="na">content</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;width=device-width, initial-scale=1&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="c">&lt;!-- Bootstrap CSS --&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">link</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css&#34;</span> <span class="na">rel</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;stylesheet&#34;</span> <span class="na">integrity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;sha384-giJF6kkoqNQ00vy+HMDP7azOuL0xtbfIcaT9wjKHr8RbDVddVHyTfAAsrekwKmP1&#34;</span> <span class="na">crossorigin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;anonymous&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">title</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Hello, world!<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">title</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Hello, world!<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="c">&lt;!-- Optional JavaScript; choose one of the two! --&gt;</span>
<span class="c">&lt;!-- Option 1: Bootstrap Bundle with Popper --&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">script</span> <span class="na">src</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js&#34;</span> <span class="na">integrity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;sha384-ygbV9kiqUc6oa4msXn9868pTtWMgiQaeYH7/t7LECLbyPA2x65Kgf80OJFdroafW&#34;</span> <span class="na">crossorigin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;anonymous&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nt">script</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="c">&lt;!-- Option 2: Separate Popper and Bootstrap JS --&gt;</span>
<span class="c">&lt;!--
</span><span class="c"> &lt;script src=&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@popperjs/core@2.5.4/dist/umd/popper.min.js&#34; integrity=&#34;sha384-q2kxQ16AaE6UbzuKqyBE9/u/KzioAlnx2maXQHiDX9d4/zp8Ok3f+M7DPm+Ib6IU&#34; crossorigin=&#34;anonymous&#34;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
</span><span class="c"> &lt;script src=&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js&#34; integrity=&#34;sha384-pQQkAEnwaBkjpqZ8RU1fF1AKtTcHJwFl3pblpTlHXybJjHpMYo79HY3hIi4NKxyj&#34; crossorigin=&#34;anonymous&#34;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
</span><span class="c"> --&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>That&rsquo;s all you need for overall page requirements. Visit the <a href="/docs/5.0/layout/grid/">Layout docs</a> or <a href="/docs/5.0/examples/">our official examples</a> to start laying out your site&rsquo;s content and components.</p>
<h2 id="important-globals">Important globals</h2>
<p>Bootstrap employs a handful of important global styles and settings that you&rsquo;ll need to be aware of when using it, all of which are almost exclusively geared towards the <em>normalization</em> of cross browser styles. Let&rsquo;s dive in.</p>
<h3 id="html5-doctype">HTML5 doctype</h3>
<p>Bootstrap requires the use of the HTML5 doctype. Without it, you&rsquo;ll see some funky incomplete styling, but including it shouldn&rsquo;t cause any considerable hiccups.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="cp">&lt;!doctype html&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">html</span> <span class="na">lang</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;en&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
...
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="responsive-meta-tag">Responsive meta tag</h3>
<p>Bootstrap is developed <em>mobile first</em>, a strategy in which we optimize code for mobile devices first and then scale up components as necessary using CSS media queries. To ensure proper rendering and touch zooming for all devices, <strong>add the responsive viewport meta tag</strong> to your <code>&lt;head&gt;</code>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">meta</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;viewport&#34;</span> <span class="na">content</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;width=device-width, initial-scale=1&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>You can see an example of this in action in the <a href="#starter-template">starter template</a>.</p>
<h3 id="box-sizing">Box-sizing</h3>
<p>For more straightforward sizing in CSS, we switch the global <code>box-sizing</code> value from <code>content-box</code> to <code>border-box</code>. This ensures <code>padding</code> does not affect the final computed width of an element, but it can cause problems with some third party software like Google Maps and Google Custom Search Engine.</p>
<p>On the rare occasion you need to override it, use something like the following:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-css" data-lang="css"><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">selector-for-some-widget</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">box-sizing</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">content-box</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>With the above snippet, nested elements—including generated content via <code>::before</code> and <code>::after</code>—will all inherit the specified <code>box-sizing</code> for that <code>.selector-for-some-widget</code>.</p>
<p>Learn more about <a href="https://css-tricks.com/box-sizing/">box model and sizing at CSS Tricks</a>.</p>
<h3 id="reboot">Reboot</h3>
<p>For improved cross-browser rendering, we use <a href="/docs/5.0/content/reboot/">Reboot</a> to correct inconsistencies across browsers and devices while providing slightly more opinionated resets to common HTML elements.</p>
<h2 id="community">Community</h2>
<p>Stay up to date on the development of Bootstrap and reach out to the community with these helpful resources.</p>
<ul>
<li>Follow <a href="https://twitter.com/getbootstrap">@getbootstrap on Twitter</a>.</li>
<li>Read and subscribe to <a href="https://blog.getbootstrap.com/">The Official Bootstrap Blog</a>.</li>
<li>Join <a href="https://bootstrap-slack.herokuapp.com/">the official Slack room</a>.</li>
<li>Chat with fellow Bootstrappers in IRC. On the <code>irc.freenode.net</code> server, in the <code>##bootstrap</code> channel.</li>
<li>Implementation help may be found at Stack Overflow (tagged <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/bootstrap-5"><code>bootstrap-5</code></a>).</li>
<li>Developers should use the keyword <code>bootstrap</code> on packages which modify or add to the functionality of Bootstrap when distributing through <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/search?q=keywords:bootstrap">npm</a> or similar delivery mechanisms for maximum discoverability.</li>
</ul>
<p>You can also follow <a href="https://twitter.com/getbootstrap">@getbootstrap on Twitter</a> for the latest gossip and awesome music videos.</p>
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<a class="btn btn-sm btn-bd-light mb-2 mb-md-0" href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/site/content/docs/5.0/getting-started/javascript.md" title="View and edit this file on GitHub" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View on GitHub</a>
<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">JavaScript</h1>
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<p class="bd-lead">Bring Bootstrap to life with our optional JavaScript plugins. Learn about each plugin, our data and programmatic API options, and more.</p>
<script async src="https://cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?serve=CKYIKKJL&placement=getbootstrapcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script>
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<ul>
<li><a href="#individual-or-compiled">Individual or compiled</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-bootstrap-as-a-module">Using Bootstrap as a module</a></li>
<li><a href="#dependencies">Dependencies</a></li>
<li><a href="#still-want-to-use-jquery-its-possible">Still want to use jQuery? It&rsquo;s possible!</a></li>
<li><a href="#data-attributes">Data attributes</a></li>
<li><a href="#events">Events</a></li>
<li><a href="#programmatic-api">Programmatic API</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#asynchronous-functions-and-transitions">Asynchronous functions and transitions</a></li>
<li><a href="#default-settings">Default settings</a></li>
</ul>
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<li><a href="#no-conflict-only-if-you-use-jquery">No conflict (only if you use jQuery)</a></li>
<li><a href="#version-numbers">Version numbers</a></li>
<li><a href="#no-special-fallbacks-when-javascript-is-disabled">No special fallbacks when JavaScript is disabled</a></li>
<li><a href="#sanitizer">Sanitizer</a></li>
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<div class="bd-content ps-lg-4">
<h2 id="individual-or-compiled">Individual or compiled</h2>
<p>Plugins can be included individually (using Bootstrap&rsquo;s individual <code>js/dist/*.js</code>), or all at once using <code>bootstrap.js</code> or the minified <code>bootstrap.min.js</code> (don&rsquo;t include both).</p>
<p>If you use a bundler (Webpack, Rollup&hellip;), you can use <code>/js/dist/*.js</code> files which are UMD ready.</p>
<h2 id="using-bootstrap-as-a-module">Using Bootstrap as a module</h2>
<p>We provide a version of Bootstrap built as <code>ESM</code> (<code>bootstrap.esm.js</code> and <code>bootstrap.esm.min.js</code>) which allows you to use Bootstrap as a module in your browser, if your <a href="https://caniuse.com/es6-module">targeted browsers support it</a>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">script</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;module&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="kr">import</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">Toast</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">from</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bootstrap.esm.min.js&#39;</span>
<span class="nb">Array</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">from</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">querySelectorAll</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;.toast&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">forEach</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">toastNode</span> <span class="p">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Toast</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">toastNode</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">script</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning">
<h2 id="incompatible-plugins">Incompatible plugins</h2>
<p>Due to browser limitations, some of our plugins, namely Dropdown, Tooltip and Popover plugins, cannot be used in a <code>&lt;script&gt;</code> tag with <code>module</code> type because they depend on Popper. For more information about the issue see <a href="https://v8.dev/features/modules#specifiers">here</a>.
</div>
<h2 id="dependencies">Dependencies</h2>
<p>Some plugins and CSS components depend on other plugins. If you include plugins individually, make sure to check for these dependencies in the docs.</p>
<p>Our dropdowns, popovers and tooltips also depend on <a href="https://popper.js.org/">Popper</a>.</p>
<h2 id="still-want-to-use-jquery-its-possible">Still want to use jQuery? It&rsquo;s possible!</h2>
<p>Bootstrap 5 is designed to be used without jQuery, but it&rsquo;s still possible to use our components with jQuery. <strong>If Bootstrap detects <code>jQuery</code> in the <code>window</code> object</strong> it&rsquo;ll add all of our components in jQuery&rsquo;s plugin system; this means you&rsquo;ll be able to do <code>$('[data-bs-toggle=&quot;tooltip&quot;]').tooltip()</code> to enable tooltips. The same goes for our other components.</p>
<h2 id="data-attributes">Data attributes</h2>
<p>Nearly all Bootstrap plugins can be enabled and configured through HTML alone with data attributes (our preferred way of using JavaScript functionality). Be sure to <strong>only use one set of data attributes on a single element</strong> (e.g., you cannot trigger a tooltip and modal from the same button.)</p>
<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning">
<h2 id="selectors">Selectors</h2>
<p>Currently to query DOM elements we use the native methods <code>querySelector</code> and <code>querySelectorAll</code> for performance reasons, so you have to use <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#value-def-identifier">valid selectors</a>.
If you use special selectors, for example: <code>collapse:Example</code> be sure to escape them.
</div>
<h2 id="events">Events</h2>
<p>Bootstrap provides custom events for most plugins' unique actions. Generally, these come in an infinitive and past participle form - where the infinitive (ex. <code>show</code>) is triggered at the start of an event, and its past participle form (ex. <code>shown</code>) is triggered on the completion of an action.</p>
<p>All infinitive events provide <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Event/preventDefault"><code>preventDefault()</code></a> functionality. This provides the ability to stop the execution of an action before it starts. Returning false from an event handler will also automatically call <code>preventDefault()</code>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">myModal</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myModal&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">myModal</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">addEventListener</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;show.bs.modal&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kd">function</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="nx">data</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">preventDefault</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1">// stops modal from being shown
</span><span class="c1"></span> <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">})</span>
</code></pre></div><div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning">
<h2 id="jquery-events">jQuery events</h2>
<p>Bootstrap will detect jQuery if <code>jQuery</code> is present in the <code>window</code> object and there is no <code>data-bs-no-jquery</code> attribute set on <code>&lt;body&gt;</code>. If jQuery is found, Bootstrap will emit events thanks to jQuery&rsquo;s event system. So if you want to listen to Bootstrap&rsquo;s events, you&rsquo;ll have to use the jQuery methods (<code>.on</code>, <code>.one</code>) instead of <code>addEventListener</code>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="nx">$</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;#myTab a&#39;</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">on</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;shown.bs.tab&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kd">function</span> <span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// do something...
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="p">})</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<h2 id="programmatic-api">Programmatic API</h2>
<p>All constructors accept an optional options object or nothing (which initiates a plugin with its default behavior):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">myModalEl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myModal&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">modal</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">bootstrap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Modal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">myModalEl</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// initialized with defaults
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">modal</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">bootstrap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Modal</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">myModalEl</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">keyboard</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kc">false</span> <span class="p">})</span> <span class="c1">// initialized with no keyboard
</span></code></pre></div><p>If you&rsquo;d like to get a particular plugin instance, each plugin exposes a <code>getInstance</code> method. In order to retrieve it directly from an element, do this: <code>bootstrap.Popover.getInstance(myPopoverEl)</code>.</p>
<h3 id="asynchronous-functions-and-transitions">Asynchronous functions and transitions</h3>
<p>All programmatic API methods are <strong>asynchronous</strong> and return to the caller once the transition is started but <strong>before it ends</strong>.</p>
<p>In order to execute an action once the transition is complete, you can listen to the corresponding event.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">myCollapseEl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;#myCollapse&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">myCollapseEl</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">addEventListener</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;shown.bs.collapse&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kd">function</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// Action to execute once the collapsible area is expanded
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="p">})</span>
</code></pre></div><p>In addition a method call on a <strong>transitioning component will be ignored</strong>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">myCarouselEl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myCarousel&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">carousel</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">bootstrap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Carousel</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getInstance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">myCarouselEl</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// Retrieve a Carousel instance
</span><span class="c1"></span>
<span class="nx">myCarouselEl</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">addEventListener</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;slid.bs.carousel&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kd">function</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">event</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">carousel</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// Will slide to the slide 2 as soon as the transition to slide 1 is finished
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="nx">carousel</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// Will start sliding to the slide 1 and returns to the caller
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="nx">carousel</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// !! Will be ignored, as the transition to the slide 1 is not finished !!
</span></code></pre></div><h3 id="default-settings">Default settings</h3>
<p>You can change the default settings for a plugin by modifying the plugin&rsquo;s <code>Constructor.Default</code> object:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="c1">// changes default for the modal plugin&#39;s `keyboard` option to false
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="nx">bootstrap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Modal</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Default</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">keyboard</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">false</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="no-conflict-only-if-you-use-jquery">No conflict (only if you use jQuery)</h2>
<p>Sometimes it is necessary to use Bootstrap plugins with other UI frameworks. In these circumstances, namespace collisions can occasionally occur. If this happens, you may call <code>.noConflict</code> on the plugin you wish to revert the value of.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">bootstrapButton</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">$</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">fn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">button</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">noConflict</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1">// return $.fn.button to previously assigned value
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="nx">$</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">fn</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">bootstrapBtn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">bootstrapButton</span> <span class="c1">// give $().bootstrapBtn the Bootstrap functionality
</span></code></pre></div><h2 id="version-numbers">Version numbers</h2>
<p>The version of each of Bootstrap&rsquo;s plugins can be accessed via the <code>VERSION</code> property of the plugin&rsquo;s constructor. For example, for the tooltip plugin:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="nx">bootstrap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Tooltip</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">VERSION</span> <span class="c1">// =&gt; &#34;5.0.0-beta1&#34;
</span></code></pre></div><h2 id="no-special-fallbacks-when-javascript-is-disabled">No special fallbacks when JavaScript is disabled</h2>
<p>Bootstrap&rsquo;s plugins don&rsquo;t fall back particularly gracefully when JavaScript is disabled. If you care about the user experience in this case, use <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/noscript"><code>&lt;noscript&gt;</code></a> to explain the situation (and how to re-enable JavaScript) to your users, and/or add your own custom fallbacks.</p>
<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning">
<h5 id="third-party-libraries">Third-party libraries</h5>
<p><strong>Bootstrap does not officially support third-party JavaScript libraries</strong> like Prototype or jQuery UI. Despite <code>.noConflict</code> and namespaced events, there may be compatibility problems that you need to fix on your own.
</div>
<h2 id="sanitizer">Sanitizer</h2>
<p>Tooltips and Popovers use our built-in sanitizer to sanitize options which accept HTML.</p>
<p>The default <code>allowList</code> value is the following:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">ARIA_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sr">/^aria-[\w-]*$/i</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">DefaultAllowlist</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// Global attributes allowed on any supplied element below.
</span><span class="c1"></span> <span class="s1">&#39;*&#39;</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;dir&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;lang&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;role&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">ARIA_ATTRIBUTE_PATTERN</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="nx">a</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;target&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;href&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;rel&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="nx">area</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">b</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">br</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">col</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">code</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">div</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">em</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">hr</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">h2</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">h3</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">h4</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">h5</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">h6</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">img</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;src&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;srcset&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;alt&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;width&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;height&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="nx">li</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">ol</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">p</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">pre</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">s</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">small</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">span</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">sub</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">sup</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">strong</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">u</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="nx">ul</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>If you want to add new values to this default <code>allowList</code> you can do the following:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">myDefaultAllowList</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">bootstrap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Tooltip</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Default</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">allowList</span>
<span class="c1">// To allow table elements
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="nx">myDefaultAllowList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">table</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="c1">// To allow td elements and data-bs-option attributes on td elements
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="nx">myDefaultAllowList</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">td</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;data-bs-option&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1">// You can push your custom regex to validate your attributes.
</span><span class="c1">// Be careful about your regular expressions being too lax
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">myCustomRegex</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sr">/^data-my-app-[\w-]+/</span>
<span class="nx">myDefaultAllowList</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;*&#39;</span><span class="p">].</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">myCustomRegex</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>If you want to bypass our sanitizer because you prefer to use a dedicated library, for example <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/dompurify">DOMPurify</a>, you should do the following:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">yourTooltipEl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">document</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">getElementById</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;yourTooltip&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">tooltip</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">bootstrap</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Tooltip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">yourTooltipEl</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">sanitizeFn</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">content</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nx">DOMPurify</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">sanitize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">content</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">})</span>
</code></pre></div>
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<li><a href="#what-is-rfs">What is RFS?</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-rfs">Using RFS</a>
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<li><a href="#using-the-mixins">Using the mixins</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-the-functions">Using the functions</a></li>
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<h2 id="what-is-rfs">What is RFS?</h2>
<p>Bootstrap&rsquo;s side project <a href="https://github.com/twbs/rfs/tree/v9.0.3">RFS</a> is a unit resizing engine which was initially developed to resize font sizes (hence its abbreviation for Responsive Font Sizes). Nowadays RFS is capable of rescaling most CSS properties with unit values like <code>margin</code>, <code>padding</code>, <code>border-radius</code>, or even <code>box-shadow</code>.</p>
<p>The mechanism automatically calculates the appropriate values based on the dimensions of the browser viewport. It will be compiled into <code>calc()</code> functions with a mix of <code>rem</code> and viewport units to enable the responsive scaling behavior.</p>
<h2 id="using-rfs">Using RFS</h2>
<p>The mixins are included in Bootstrap and are available once you include Bootstrap&rsquo;s <code>scss</code>. RFS can also be <a href="https://github.com/twbs/rfs/tree/v9.0.3#installation">installed standalone</a> if needed.</p>
<h3 id="using-the-mixins">Using the mixins</h3>
<p>The <code>rfs()</code> mixin has shorthands for <code>font-size</code>, <code>margin</code>, <code>margin-top</code>, <code>margin-right</code>, <code>margin-bottom</code>, <code>margin-left</code>, <code>padding</code>, <code>padding-top</code>, <code>padding-right</code>, <code>padding-bottom</code>, and <code>padding-left</code>. See the example below for source Sass and compiled CSS.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="nc">.title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">@include</span><span class="nd"> font-size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="kt">rem</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-css" data-lang="css"><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">calc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.525</span><span class="kt">rem</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">3.3</span><span class="kt">vw</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">@</span><span class="k">media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">min-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nt">1200px</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">title</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="kt">rem</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Any other property can be passed to the <code>rfs()</code> mixin like this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="nc">.selector</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">@include</span><span class="nd"> rfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="kt">rem</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="no">border</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">radius</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p><code>!important</code> can also just be added to whatever value you want:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="nc">.selector</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">@include</span><span class="nd"> padding</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="mf">.5</span><span class="kt">rem</span> <span class="nv">!important</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="using-the-functions">Using the functions</h3>
<p>When you don&rsquo;t want to use the includes, there are also two functions:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>rfs-value()</code> converts a value into a <code>rem</code> value if a <code>px</code> value is passed, in other cases it returns the same result.</li>
<li><code>rfs-fluid-value()</code> returns the fluid version of a value if the property needs rescaling.</li>
</ul>
<p>In this example, we use one of Bootstrap&rsquo;s built-in <a href="/docs/5.0/layout/breakpoints/">responsive breakpoint mixins</a> to only apply styling below the <code>lg</code> breakpoint.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="nc">.selector</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">@include</span><span class="nd"> media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lg</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nt">padding</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="nt">rfs-fluid-value</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">2rem</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nt">font-size</span><span class="nd">:</span> <span class="nt">rfs-fluid-value</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">1</span><span class="nc">.125rem</span><span class="o">)</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-css" data-lang="css"><span class="p">@</span><span class="k">media</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="nt">max-width</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nt">991</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">98px</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">selector</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">padding</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">calc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1.325</span><span class="kt">rem</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mf">0.9</span><span class="kt">vw</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">font-size</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mf">1.125</span><span class="kt">rem</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c">/* 1.125rem is small enough, so RFS won&#39;t rescale this */</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="extended-documentation">Extended documentation</h2>
<p>RFS is a separate project under the Bootstrap organization. More about RFS and its configuration can be found on its <a href="https://github.com/twbs/rfs/tree/v9.0.3">GitHub repository</a>.</p>
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<li><a href="#the-breadcrumb-case">The breadcrumb case</a></li>
<li><a href="#additional-resources">Additional resources</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="bd-content ps-lg-4">
<h2 id="get-familiar">Get familiar</h2>
<p>We recommend getting familiar with Bootstrap first by reading through our <a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/introduction/">Getting Started Introduction page</a>. Once you&rsquo;ve run through it, continue reading here for how to enable RTL.</p>
<p>You may also want to read up on <a href="https://rtlcss.com/">the RTLCSS project</a>, as it powers our approach to RTL.</p>
<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning">
<h3 id="experimental-feature">Experimental feature</h3>
<p>The RTL feature is still <strong>experimental</strong> and will probably evolve according to user feedback. Spotted something or have an improvement to suggest? <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/new">Open an issue</a>, we&rsquo;d love to get your insights.
</div>
<h2 id="required-html">Required HTML</h2>
<p>There are two strict requirements for enabling RTL in Bootstrap-powered pages.</p>
<ol>
<li>Set <code>dir=&quot;rtl&quot;</code> on the <code>&lt;html&gt;</code> element.</li>
<li>Add an appropriate <code>lang</code> attribute, like <code>lang=&quot;ar&quot;</code>, on the <code>&lt;html&gt;</code> element.</li>
</ol>
<p>From there, you&rsquo;ll need to include an RTL version of our CSS. For example, here&rsquo;s the stylesheet for our compiled and minified CSS with RTL enabled:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">link</span> <span class="na">rel</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;stylesheet&#34;</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/css/bootstrap.rtl.min.css&#34;</span> <span class="na">integrity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;sha384-mUkCBeyHPdg0tqB6JDd+65Gpw5h/l8DKcCTV2D2UpaMMFd7Jo8A+mDAosaWgFBPl&#34;</span> <span class="na">crossorigin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;anonymous&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="starter-template">Starter template</h3>
<p>You can see the above requirements reflected in this modified RTL starter template.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="cp">&lt;!doctype html&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">html</span> <span class="na">lang</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;ar&#34;</span> <span class="na">dir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;rtl&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="c">&lt;!-- Required meta tags --&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">meta</span> <span class="na">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;utf-8&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">meta</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;viewport&#34;</span> <span class="na">content</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;width=device-width, initial-scale=1&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="c">&lt;!-- Bootstrap CSS --&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">link</span> <span class="na">rel</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;stylesheet&#34;</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/css/bootstrap.rtl.min.css&#34;</span> <span class="na">integrity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;sha384-mUkCBeyHPdg0tqB6JDd+65Gpw5h/l8DKcCTV2D2UpaMMFd7Jo8A+mDAosaWgFBPl&#34;</span> <span class="na">crossorigin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;anonymous&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">title</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>مرحبا بالعالم!<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">title</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>مرحبا بالعالم!<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="c">&lt;!-- Optional JavaScript; choose one of the two! --&gt;</span>
<span class="c">&lt;!-- Option 1: Bootstrap Bundle with Popper.js --&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">script</span> <span class="na">src</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js&#34;</span> <span class="na">integrity</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;sha384-ygbV9kiqUc6oa4msXn9868pTtWMgiQaeYH7/t7LECLbyPA2x65Kgf80OJFdroafW&#34;</span> <span class="na">crossorigin</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&#34;anonymous&#34;</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nt">script</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="c">&lt;!-- Option 2: Separate Popper.js and Bootstrap JS --&gt;</span>
<span class="c">&lt;!--
</span><span class="c"> &lt;script src=&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@popperjs/core@2.5.4/dist/umd/popper.min.js&#34; integrity=&#34;sha384-q2kxQ16AaE6UbzuKqyBE9/u/KzioAlnx2maXQHiDX9d4/zp8Ok3f+M7DPm+Ib6IU&#34; crossorigin=&#34;anonymous&#34;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
</span><span class="c"> &lt;script src=&#34;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js&#34; integrity=&#34;sha384-pQQkAEnwaBkjpqZ8RU1fF1AKtTcHJwFl3pblpTlHXybJjHpMYo79HY3hIi4NKxyj&#34; crossorigin=&#34;anonymous&#34;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
</span><span class="c"> --&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="rtl-examples">RTL examples</h3>
<p>Get started with one of our several <a href="/docs/5.0/examples/#rtl">RTL examples</a>.</p>
<h2 id="approach">Approach</h2>
<p>Our approach to building RTL support into Bootstrap comes with two important decisions that impact how we write and use our CSS:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>First, we decided to build it with the <a href="https://rtlcss.com/">RTLCSS</a> project.</strong> This gives us some powerful features for managing changes and overrides when moving from LTR to RTL. It also allows us to build two versions of Bootstrap from one codebase.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Second, we&rsquo;ve renamed a handful of directional classes to adopt a logical properties approach.</strong> Most of you have already interacted with logical properties thanks to our flex utilities—they replace direction properties like <code>left</code> and <code>right</code> in favor <code>start</code> and <code>end</code>. That makes the class names and values appropriate for LTR and RTL without any overhead.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>For example, instead of <code>.ml-3</code> for <code>margin-left</code>, use <code>.ms-3</code>.</p>
<p>Working with RTL, through our source Sass or compiled CSS, shouldn&rsquo;t be much different from our default LTR though.</p>
<h2 id="customize-from-source">Customize from source</h2>
<p>When it comes to <a href="/docs/5.0/customize/sass/">customization</a>, the preferred way is to take advantage of variables, maps, and mixins. This approach works the same for RTL, even if it&rsquo;s post-processed from the compiled files, thanks to <a href="https://rtlcss.com/learn/getting-started/why-rtlcss/">how RTLCSS works</a>.</p>
<h3 id="custom-rtl-values">Custom RTL values</h3>
<p>Using <a href="https://rtlcss.com/learn/usage-guide/value-directives/">RTLCSS value directives</a>, you can make a variable output a different value for RTL. For example, to decrease the weight for <code>$font-weight-bold</code> throughout the codebase, you may use the <code>/*rtl: {value}*/</code> syntax:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="nv">$font-weight-bold</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="mi">700</span> <span class="si">#{</span><span class="cm">/* rtl:600 </span><span class="c">*/</span><span class="si">}</span> <span class="nv">!default</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Which would ouput to the following for our default CSS and RTL CSS:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-css" data-lang="css"><span class="c">/* bootstrap.css */</span>
<span class="nt">dt</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">700</span> <span class="c">/* rtl:600 */</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c">/* bootstrap.rtl.css */</span>
<span class="nt">dt</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">font-weight</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">600</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h3 id="alternative-font-stack">Alternative font stack</h3>
<p>In the case you&rsquo;re using a custom font, be aware that not all fonts support the non-Latin alphabet. To switch from Pan-European to Arabic family, you may need to use <code>/*rtl:insert: {value}*/</code> in your font stack to modify the names of font families.</p>
<p>For example, to switch from <code>Helvetica Neue Webfont</code> for LTR to <code>Helvetica Neue Arabic</code> for RTL, your Sass code look like this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="nv">$font-family-sans-serif</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="n">Helvetica</span> <span class="n">Neue</span> <span class="si">#{</span><span class="s2">&#34;/* rtl:insert:Arabic */&#34;</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Safari for macOS and iOS (San Francisco)</span>
<span class="o">-</span><span class="n">apple-system</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Chrome &lt; 56 for macOS (San Francisco)</span>
<span class="n">BlinkMacSystemFont</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Windows</span>
<span class="s2">&#34;Segoe UI&#34;</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Android</span>
<span class="n">Roboto</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Basic web fallback</span>
<span class="n">Arial</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Linux</span>
<span class="s2">&#34;Noto Sans&#34;</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Sans serif fallback</span>
<span class="no">sans-serif</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Emoji fonts</span>
<span class="s2">&#34;Apple Color Emoji&#34;</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s2">&#34;Segoe UI Emoji&#34;</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s2">&#34;Segoe UI Symbol&#34;</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s2">&#34;Noto Color Emoji&#34;</span> <span class="nv">!default</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="the-breadcrumb-case">The breadcrumb case</h2>
<p>The <a href="/docs/5.0/components/breadcrumb//#changing-the-separator">breadcrumb separator</a> is the only case requiring its own brand new variable— namely <code>$breadcrumb-divider-flipped</code> —defaulting to <code>$breadcrumb-divider</code>.</p>
<h2 id="additional-resources">Additional resources</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://rtlcss.com/">RTLCSS</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rtlstyling.com/posts/rtl-styling">RTL Styling 101</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<h2 id="installing-bootstrap">Installing Bootstrap</h2>
<p><a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/download/#npm">Install bootstrap</a> as a Node.js module using npm.</p>
<h2 id="importing-javascript">Importing JavaScript</h2>
<p>Import <a href="/docs/5.0/getting-started/javascript/">Bootstrap&rsquo;s JavaScript</a> by adding this line to your app&rsquo;s entry point (usually <code>index.js</code> or <code>app.js</code>):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="c1">// You can specify which plugins you need
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="kr">import</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="nx">Tooltip</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">Toast</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">Popover</span> <span class="p">}</span> <span class="nx">from</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bootstrap&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Alternatively, if you only need just a few of our plugins, you may <strong>import plugins individually</strong> as needed:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="kr">import</span> <span class="nx">Alert</span> <span class="nx">from</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bootstrap/js/dist/alert&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">...</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Bootstrap depends on <a href="https://popper.js.org/">Popper</a>, which is specified in the <code>peerDependencies</code> property.
This means that you will have to make sure to add it to your <code>package.json</code> using <code>npm install @popperjs/core</code>.</p>
<h2 id="importing-styles">Importing Styles</h2>
<h3 id="importing-precompiled-sass">Importing Precompiled Sass</h3>
<p>To enjoy the full potential of Bootstrap and customize it to your needs, use the source files as a part of your project&rsquo;s bundling process.</p>
<p>First, create your own <code>_custom.scss</code> and use it to override the <a href="/docs/5.0/customize/sass/">built-in custom variables</a>. Then, use your main Sass file to import your custom variables, followed by Bootstrap:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s2">&#34;custom&#34;</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">@import</span> <span class="s2">&#34;~bootstrap/scss/bootstrap&#34;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>For Bootstrap to compile, make sure you install and use the required loaders: <a href="https://github.com/webpack-contrib/sass-loader">sass-loader</a>, <a href="https://github.com/webpack-contrib/postcss-loader">postcss-loader</a> with <a href="https://github.com/postcss/autoprefixer#webpack">Autoprefixer</a>. With minimal setup, your webpack config should include this rule or similar:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="c1">// ...
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">test</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="sr">/\.(scss)$/</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nx">use</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[{</span>
<span class="c1">// inject CSS to page
</span><span class="c1"></span> <span class="nx">loader</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;style-loader&#39;</span>
<span class="p">},</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// translates CSS into CommonJS modules
</span><span class="c1"></span> <span class="nx">loader</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;css-loader&#39;</span>
<span class="p">},</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// Run postcss actions
</span><span class="c1"></span> <span class="nx">loader</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;postcss-loader&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nx">options</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// `postcssOptions` is needed for postcss 8.x;
</span><span class="c1"></span> <span class="c1">// if you use postcss 7.x skip the key
</span><span class="c1"></span> <span class="nx">postcssOptions</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// postcss plugins, can be exported to postcss.config.js
</span><span class="c1"></span> <span class="nx">plugins</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="kd">function</span> <span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="nx">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;autoprefixer&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">];</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">},</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="c1">// compiles Sass to CSS
</span><span class="c1"></span> <span class="nx">loader</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;sass-loader&#39;</span>
<span class="p">}]</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// ...
</span></code></pre></div><h3 id="importing-compiled-css">Importing Compiled CSS</h3>
<p>Alternatively, you may use Bootstrap&rsquo;s ready-to-use CSS by simply adding this line to your project&rsquo;s entry point:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="kr">import</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>In this case you may use your existing rule for <code>css</code> without any special modifications to webpack config, except you don&rsquo;t need <code>sass-loader</code> just <a href="https://github.com/webpack-contrib/style-loader">style-loader</a> and <a href="https://github.com/webpack-contrib/css-loader">css-loader</a>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-js" data-lang="js"><span class="c1">// ...
</span><span class="c1"></span><span class="nx">module</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">rules</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">test</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="sr">/\.css$/</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="nx">use</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;style-loader&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;css-loader&#39;</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// ...
</span></code></pre></div>
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