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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" data-bs-theme="auto"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><meta name="description" content="Learn how to enable support for right-to-left text in Bootstrap across our layout, components, and utilities."><meta name="author" content="Mark Otto, Jacob Thornton, and Bootstrap contributors"><meta name="generator" content="Astro v5.9.2"><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta name="docsearch:version" content="5.3"><link rel="canonical" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.3/getting-started/rtl/"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://AK7KMZKZHQ-dsn.algolia.net" crossorigin><title>RTL · Bootstrap v5.3</title><script src="/docs/5.3/assets/js/color-modes.js"></script><link href="/docs/5.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-LN+7fdVzj6u52u30Kp6M/trliBMCMKTyK833zpbD+pXdCLuTusPj697FH4R/5mcr"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/docs/5.3/assets/img/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png" sizes="180x180"><link rel="icon" href="/docs/5.3/assets/img/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" type="image/png"><link rel="icon" href="/docs/5.3/assets/img/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16" type="image/png"><link rel="manifest" href="/docs/5.3/assets/img/favicons/manifest.json"><link rel="mask-icon" href="/docs/5.3/assets/img/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#712cf9"><link rel="icon" href="/docs/5.3/assets/img/favicons/favicon.ico"><meta name="theme-color" content="#712cf9"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@getbootstrap"><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@getbootstrap"><meta property="og:url" content="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.3/getting-started/rtl/"><meta property="og:title" content="RTL"><meta property="og:description" content="Learn how to enable support for right-to-left text in Bootstrap across our layout, components, and utilities."><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:image" content="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/5.3/assets/brand/bootstrap-social.png"><meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png"><meta property="og:image:width" content="2000"><meta property="og:image:height" content="1000"><script defer src="https://cdn.usefathom.com/script.js" data-site="ITUSEYJG"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/docs/5.3/assets/_slug_.CJzlHdSW.css"></head> <body data-bs-spy="scroll" data-bs-target="#TableOfContents"> <div class="skippy visually-hidden-focusable overflow-hidden"> <div class="container-xl"> <a class="d-inline-flex p-2 m-1" href="#content">Skip to main content</a> <a class="d-none d-md-inline-flex p-2 m-1" href="#bd-docs-nav">
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</a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/customize/options" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Options </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/customize/color" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Color </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/customize/color-modes" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Color modes </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/customize/components" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Components </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/customize/css-variables" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> CSS variables </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/customize/optimize" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Optimize </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-teal);" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#grid-fill"></use> </svg> Layout </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/layout/breakpoints" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Breakpoints </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/layout/containers" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Containers </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/layout/grid" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Grid </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/layout/columns" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Columns </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/layout/gutters" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Gutters </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/layout/utilities" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Utilities </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/layout/z-index" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Z-index </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/layout/css-grid" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> CSS Grid </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-gray);" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#file-earmark-richtext"></use> </svg> Content </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/content/reboot" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Reboot </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/content/typography" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Typography </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/content/images" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Images </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/content/tables" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Tables </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/content/figures" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Figures </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-blue);" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#ui-radios"></use> </svg> Forms </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/overview" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Overview </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/form-control" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Form control </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/select" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Select </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/checks-radios" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Checks &amp; radios </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/range" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Range </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/input-group" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Input group </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/floating-labels" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Floating labels </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/layout" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Layout </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/validation" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Validation </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-cyan);" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#menu-button-wide-fill"></use> </svg> Components </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/accordion" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Accordion </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/alerts" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Alerts </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/badge" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Badge </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/breadcrumb" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Breadcrumb </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/buttons" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Buttons </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/button-group" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Button group </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/card" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Card </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/carousel" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Carousel </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/close-button" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Close button </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/collapse" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Collapse </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/dropdowns" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Dropdowns </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/list-group" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> List group </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/modal" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Modal </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/navbar" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Navbar </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/navs-tabs" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Navs &amp; tabs </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/offcanvas" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Offcanvas </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/pagination" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Pagination </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/placeholders" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Placeholders </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/popovers" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Popovers </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/progress" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Progress </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/scrollspy" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Scrollspy </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/spinners" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Spinners </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/toasts" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Toasts </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/tooltips" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Tooltips </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-orange);" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#magic"></use> </svg> Helpers </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/clearfix" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Clearfix </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/color-background" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Color &amp; background </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/colored-links" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Colored links </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/focus-ring" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Focus ring </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/icon-link" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Icon link </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/position" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Position </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/ratio" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Ratio </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/stacks" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Stacks </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/stretched-link" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Stretched link </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/text-truncation" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Text truncation </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/vertical-rule" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Vertical rule </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/visually-hidden" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Visually hidden </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-red);" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#braces-asterisk"></use> </svg> Utilities </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/api" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> API </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/background" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Background </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/borders" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Borders </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/colors" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Colors </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/display" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Display </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/flex" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Flex </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/float" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Float </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/interactions" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Interactions </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/link" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Link </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/object-fit" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Object fit </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/opacity" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Opacity </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/overflow" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Overflow </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/position" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Position </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/shadows" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Shadows </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/sizing" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Sizing </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/spacing" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Spacing </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/text" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Text </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/vertical-align" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Vertical align </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/visibility" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Visibility </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/z-index" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Z-index </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-blue);" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#tools"></use> </svg> Extend </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/extend/approach" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Approach </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/extend/icons" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Icons </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-indigo);" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#globe2"></use> </svg> About </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/about/overview" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Overview </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/about/team" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Team </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/about/brand" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Brand </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/about/license" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> License </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/about/translations" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Translations </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="bd-links-span-all mt-1 mb-3 mx-4 border-top"></li> <li class="bd-links-span-all"> <a href="/docs/5.3/migration/" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded small"> Migration </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </aside> <main class="bd-main order-1"> <div class="bd-intro pt-2 ps-lg-2"> <div class="d-md-flex flex-md-row-reverse align-items-center justify-content-between"> <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0 d-flex text-nowrap"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-bd-light rounded-2" href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/v5.3.7/site/src/content/docs/getting-started/rtl.mdx" title="View and edit this file on GitHub" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
View on GitHub
</a> </div> <h1 class="bd-title mb-0" id="content">RTL</h1> </div> <div class="bd-subtitle"> <p>Learn how to enable support for right-to-left text in Bootstrap across our layout, components, and utilities.</p>
</div> </div> <div class="bd-toc mt-3 mb-5 my-lg-0 mb-lg-5 px-sm-1 text-body-secondary"> <button class="btn btn-link p-md-0 mb-2 mb-md-0 text-decoration-none bd-toc-toggle d-md-none" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#tocContents" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="tocContents">
On this page
<svg class="bi d-md-none ms-2" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#chevron-expand"></use> </svg> </button>
<strong class="d-none d-md-block h6 my-2 ms-3" id="docs-tocs">On this page</strong>
<hr class="d-none d-md-block my-2 ms-3">
<div class="collapse bd-toc-collapse" id="tocContents"> <nav id="TableOfContents" aria-labelledby="docs-tocs"> <ul> <li> <a href="#get-familiar">Get familiar</a> </li><li> <a href="#required-html">Required HTML</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#starter-template">Starter template</a> </li><li> <a href="#rtl-examples">RTL examples</a> </li> </ul> </li><li> <a href="#approach">Approach</a> </li><li> <a href="#customize-from-source">Customize from source</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#custom-rtl-values">Custom RTL values</a> </li><li> <a href="#alternative-font-stack">Alternative font stack</a> </li><li> <a href="#ltr-and-rtl-at-the-same-time">LTR and RTL at the same time</a> </li> </ul> </li><li> <a href="#the-breadcrumb-case">The breadcrumb case</a> </li><li> <a href="#additional-resources">Additional resources</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <script async src="https://cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?serve=CKYIKKJL&placement=getbootstrapcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script> </div> <div class="bd-content ps-lg-2"> <h2 id="get-familiar">Get familiar<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Get familiar" href="#get-familiar"> </a></h2>
<p>We recommend getting familiar with Bootstrap first by reading through our <a href="/docs/5.3/getting-started/introduction">Getting Started Introduction page</a>. Once you’ve run through it, continue reading here for how to enable RTL.</p>
<p>You may also want to read up on <a href="https://rtlcss.com/">the RTLCSS project</a>, as it powers our approach to RTL.</p>
<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning"> <p><strong>Bootstrap’s RTL feature is still experimental</strong> and will evolve based on user feedback. Spotted something or have an improvement to suggest? <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/new/choose">Open an issue</a>, we’d love to get your insights.</p> </div>
<h2 id="required-html">Required HTML<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Required HTML" href="#required-html"> </a></h2>
<p>There are two strict requirements for enabling RTL in Bootstrap-powered pages.</p>
<ol>
<li>Set <code>dir=&quot;rtl&quot;</code> on the <code>&lt;html&gt;</code> element.</li>
<li>Add an appropriate <code>lang</code> attribute, like <code>lang=&quot;ar&quot;</code>, on the <code>&lt;html&gt;</code> element.</li>
</ol>
<p>From there, you’ll need to include an RTL version of our CSS. For example, here’s the stylesheet for our compiled and minified CSS with RTL enabled:</p>
<script type="module" src="/docs/5.3/assets/Code.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.5BTJN8ix.js"></script> <div class="bd-code-snippet"> <div class="bd-clipboard"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard"> <svg class="bi" role="img" aria-label="Copy"> <use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-html"><code is:raw class="language-html"><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>link</span> <span class="token attr-name">rel</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>stylesheet<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.rtl.min.css<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">integrity</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>sha384-Xbg45MqvDIk1e563NLpGEulpX6AvL404DP+/iCgW9eFa2BqztiwTexswJo2jLMue<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">crossorigin</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>anonymous<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> </div> </div>
<h3 id="starter-template">Starter template<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Starter template" href="#starter-template"> </a></h3>
<p>You can see the above requirements reflected in this modified RTL starter template.</p>
<div class="bd-code-snippet"> <div class="bd-clipboard"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard"> <svg class="bi" role="img" aria-label="Copy"> <use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-html"><code is:raw class="language-html"><span class="token doctype"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;!</span><span class="token doctype-tag">doctype</span> <span class="token name">html</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>html</span> <span class="token attr-name">lang</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>ar<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">dir</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>rtl<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Required meta tags --&gt;</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>utf-8<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>viewport<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">content</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>width=device-width, initial-scale=1<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Bootstrap CSS --&gt;</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>link</span> <span class="token attr-name">rel</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>stylesheet<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.rtl.min.css<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">integrity</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>sha384-Xbg45MqvDIk1e563NLpGEulpX6AvL404DP+/iCgW9eFa2BqztiwTexswJo2jLMue<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">crossorigin</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>anonymous<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>مرحبًا بالعالم!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>مرحبًا بالعالم!<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Optional JavaScript; choose one of the two! --&gt;</span>
<span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Option 1: Bootstrap Bundle with Popper --&gt;</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.7/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">integrity</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>sha384-ndDqU0Gzau9qJ1lfW4pNLlhNTkCfHzAVBReH9diLvGRem5+R9g2FzA8ZGN954O5Q<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">crossorigin</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>anonymous<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token comment">&lt;!-- Option 2: Separate Popper and Bootstrap JS --&gt;</span>
<span class="token comment">&lt;!--
&lt;script src=&quot;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@popperjs/core@2.11.8/dist/umd/popper.min.js&quot; integrity=&quot;sha384-I7E8VVD/ismYTF4hNIPjVp/Zjvgyol6VFvRkX/vR+Vc4jQkC+hVqc2pM8ODewa9r&quot; crossorigin=&quot;anonymous&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;script src=&quot;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.7/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js&quot; integrity=&quot;sha384-7qAoOXltbVP82dhxHAUje59V5r2YsVfBafyUDxEdApLPmcdhBPg1DKg1ERo0BZlK&quot; crossorigin=&quot;anonymous&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
--&gt;</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> </div> </div>
<h3 id="rtl-examples">RTL examples<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: RTL examples" href="#rtl-examples"> </a></h3>
<p>Get started with one of our several <a href="/docs/5.3/examples/#rtl">RTL examples</a>.</p>
<h2 id="approach">Approach<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Approach" href="#approach"> </a></h2>
<p>Our approach to building RTL support into Bootstrap comes with two important decisions that impact how we write and use our CSS:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>First, we decided to build it with the <a href="https://rtlcss.com/">RTLCSS</a> project.</strong> This gives us some powerful features for managing changes and overrides when moving from LTR to RTL. It also allows us to build two versions of Bootstrap from one codebase.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Second, we’ve renamed a handful of directional classes to adopt a logical properties approach.</strong> Most of you have already interacted with logical properties thanks to our flex utilities—they replace direction properties like <code>left</code> and <code>right</code> in favor <code>start</code> and <code>end</code>. That makes the class names and values appropriate for LTR and RTL without any overhead.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>For example, instead of <code>.ml-3</code> for <code>margin-left</code>, use <code>.ms-3</code>.</p>
<p>Working with RTL, through our source Sass or compiled CSS, shouldn’t be much different from our default LTR though.</p>
<h2 id="customize-from-source">Customize from source<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Customize from source" href="#customize-from-source"> </a></h2>
<p>When it comes to <a href="/docs/5.3/customize/sass">customization</a>, the preferred way is to take advantage of variables, maps, and mixins. This approach works the same for RTL, even if it’s post-processed from the compiled files, thanks to <a href="https://rtlcss.com/learn/getting-started/why-rtlcss/">how RTLCSS works</a>.</p>
<h3 id="custom-rtl-values">Custom RTL values<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Custom RTL values" href="#custom-rtl-values"> </a></h3>
<p>Using <a href="https://rtlcss.com/learn/usage-guide/value-directives/">RTLCSS value directives</a>, you can make a variable output a different value for RTL. For example, to decrease the weight for <code>$font-weight-bold</code> throughout the codebase, you may use the <code>/*rtl: {value}*/</code> syntax:</p>
<div class="bd-code-snippet"> <div class="bd-clipboard"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard"> <svg class="bi" role="img" aria-label="Copy"> <use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-scss"><code is:raw class="language-scss"><span class="token property"><span class="token variable">$font-weight-bold</span></span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 700 #<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token comment">/* rtl:600 */</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token statement keyword">!default</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> </div> </div>
<p>Which would output to the following for our default CSS and RTL CSS:</p>
<div class="bd-code-snippet"> <div class="bd-clipboard"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard"> <svg class="bi" role="img" aria-label="Copy"> <use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-css"><code is:raw class="language-css"><span class="token comment">/* bootstrap.css */</span>
<span class="token selector">dt</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">font-weight</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 700 <span class="token comment">/* rtl:600 */</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/* bootstrap.rtl.css */</span>
<span class="token selector">dt</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token property">font-weight</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 600<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> </div> </div>
<h3 id="alternative-font-stack">Alternative font stack<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Alternative font stack" href="#alternative-font-stack"> </a></h3>
<p>In the case you’re using a custom font, be aware that not all fonts support the non-Latin alphabet. To switch from Pan-European to Arabic family, you may need to use <code>/*rtl:insert: {value}*/</code> in your font stack to modify the names of font families.</p>
<p>For example, to switch from <code>Helvetica Neue</code> font for LTR to <code>Helvetica Neue Arabic</code> for RTL, your Sass code could look like this:</p>
<div class="bd-code-snippet"> <div class="bd-clipboard"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard"> <svg class="bi" role="img" aria-label="Copy"> <use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-scss"><code is:raw class="language-scss"><span class="token property"><span class="token variable">$font-family-sans-serif</span></span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
Helvetica Neue #<span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token string">&quot;/* rtl:insert:Arabic */&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Cross-platform generic font family (default user interface font)</span>
system-ui<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Safari for macOS and iOS (San Francisco)</span>
-apple-system<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Chrome &lt; 56 for macOS (San Francisco)</span>
BlinkMacSystemFont<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Windows</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;Segoe UI&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Android</span>
Roboto<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Basic web fallback</span>
Arial<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Linux</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;Noto Sans&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Sans serif fallback</span>
sans-serif<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token comment">// Emoji fonts</span>
<span class="token string">&quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Noto Color Emoji&quot;</span> <span class="token statement keyword">!default</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> </div> </div>
<h3 id="ltr-and-rtl-at-the-same-time">LTR and RTL at the same time<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: LTR and RTL at the same time" href="#ltr-and-rtl-at-the-same-time"> </a></h3>
<p>Need both LTR and RTL on the same page? Thanks to <a href="https://rtlcss.com/learn/usage-guide/string-map/">RTLCSS String Maps</a>, this is pretty straightforward. Wrap your <code>@import</code>s with a class, and set a custom rename rule for RTLCSS:</p>
<div class="bd-code-snippet"> <div class="bd-clipboard"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard"> <svg class="bi" role="img" aria-label="Copy"> <use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-scss"><code is:raw class="language-scss"><span class="token comment">/* rtl:begin:options: {
&quot;autoRename&quot;: true,
&quot;stringMap&quot;:[ {
&quot;name&quot;: &quot;ltr-rtl&quot;,
&quot;priority&quot;: 100,
&quot;search&quot;: [&quot;ltr&quot;],
&quot;replace&quot;: [&quot;rtl&quot;],
&quot;options&quot;: {
&quot;scope&quot;: &quot;*&quot;,
&quot;ignoreCase&quot;: false
}
} ]
} */</span>
<span class="token selector">.ltr </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">@import</span> <span class="token string">&quot;../node_modules/bootstrap/scss/bootstrap&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/*rtl:end:options*/</span>
</code></pre> </div> </div>
<p>After running Sass then RTLCSS, each selector in your CSS files will be prepended by <code>.ltr</code>, and <code>.rtl</code> for RTL files. Now you’re able to use both files on the same page, and simply use <code>.ltr</code> or <code>.rtl</code> on your components wrappers to use one or the other direction.</p>
<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning"> <p><strong>Edge cases and known limitations</strong> to consider when working with a combined LTR and RTL implementation:</p><ol>
<li>When switching <code>.ltr</code> and <code>.rtl</code>, make sure you add <code>dir</code> and <code>lang</code> attributes accordingly.</li>
<li>Loading both files can be a real performance bottleneck: consider some <a href="/docs/5.3/customize/optimize">optimization</a>, and maybe try to <a href="https://www.filamentgroup.com/lab/load-css-simpler/">load one of those files asynchronously</a>.</li>
<li>Nesting styles this way will prevent our <code>form-validation-state()</code> mixin from working as intended, thus require you tweak it a bit by yourself. <a href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/issues/31223">See #31223</a>.</li>
</ol> </div>
<p>Do you want to automate this process and address several edge cases involving both directions within a single stylesheet? Then, consider using <a href="https://github.com/elchininet/postcss-rtlcss">PostCSS RTLCSS</a> as a <a href="https://github.com/postcss/postcss">PostCSS</a> plugin to process your source files. PostCSS RTLCSS uses <a href="https://rtlcss.com">RTLCSS</a> behind the scenes to manage the direction flipping process, but it separates the flipped declarations into rules with a different prefix for LTR and RTL, something that allows you to have both directions within the same stylesheet file. By doing this, you can switch between LTR and RTL orientations by simply changing the <code>dir</code> of the page (or even by modifying a specific class if you configure the plugin accordingly).</p>
<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning"> <p><strong>Important things to take into account</strong> when using PostCSS RTLCSS to build a combined LTR and RTL implementation:</p><ol>
<li>It is recommended that you add the <code>dir</code> attribute to the <code>html</code> element. This way, the entire page will be affected when you change the direction. Also, make sure you add the <code>lang</code> attribute accordingly.</li>
<li>Having a single bundle with both directions will increase the size of the final stylesheet (on average, by 20%-30%): consider some <a href="/docs/5.3/customize/optimize">optimization</a>.</li>
<li>Take into account that PostCSS RTLCSS is not compatible with <code>/* rtl:remove */</code> directives because it doesn’t remove any CSS rule. You should replace your <code>/* rtl:remove */</code>, <code>/* rtl:begin:remove */</code> and <code>/* rtl:end:remove */</code> directives with <code>/* rtl:freeze */</code>, <code>/* rtl:begin:freeze */</code> and <code>/* rtl:end:freeze */</code> directives respectively. These directives will prefix the targeted rules or declarations with the current direction but will not create an RTL counterpart (same result as the <code>remove</code> ones in RTLCSS).</li>
</ol> </div>
<h2 id="the-breadcrumb-case">The breadcrumb case<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: The breadcrumb case" href="#the-breadcrumb-case"> </a></h2>
<p>The <a href="/docs/5.3/components/breadcrumb#dividers">breadcrumb separator</a> is the only case requiring its own brand-new variable— namely <code>$breadcrumb-divider-flipped</code> —defaulting to <code>$breadcrumb-divider</code>.</p>
<h2 id="additional-resources">Additional resources<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Additional resources" href="#additional-resources"> </a></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://rtlcss.com/">RTLCSS</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rtlstyling.com/posts/rtl-styling">RTL Styling 101</a></li>
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