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href="/docs/5.3/customize/options" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Options </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/customize/color" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Color </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/customize/color-modes" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Color modes </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/customize/components" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Components </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/customize/css-variables" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> CSS variables </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/customize/optimize" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Optimize </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-teal);" aria-hidden="true"> <use  xlink:href="#grid-fill"></use> </svg> Layout </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a 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class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-gray);" aria-hidden="true"> <use  xlink:href="#file-earmark-richtext"></use> </svg> Content </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/content/reboot" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Reboot </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/content/typography" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Typography </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/content/images" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Images </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/content/tables" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Tables </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/content/figures" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Figures </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-blue);" aria-hidden="true"> <use  xlink:href="#ui-radios"></use> </svg> Forms </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/overview" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Overview </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/form-control" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Form control </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/select" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Select </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/checks-radios" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Checks &amp; radios </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/range" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Range </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/input-group" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Input group </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/floating-labels" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Floating labels </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/layout" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Layout </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/forms/validation" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Validation </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-cyan);" aria-hidden="true"> <use  xlink:href="#menu-button-wide-fill"></use> </svg> Components </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/accordion" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Accordion </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/alerts" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Alerts </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/badge" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Badge </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/breadcrumb" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Breadcrumb </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/buttons" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Buttons </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/button-group" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Button group </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/card" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Card </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/carousel" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Carousel </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/close-button" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Close button </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/collapse" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Collapse </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/dropdowns" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Dropdowns </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/list-group" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> List group </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/modal" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Modal </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/navbar" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Navbar </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/navs-tabs" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Navs &amp; tabs </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/offcanvas" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Offcanvas </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/pagination" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Pagination </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/placeholders" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Placeholders </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/popovers" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Popovers </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/progress" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Progress </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/scrollspy" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Scrollspy </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/spinners" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Spinners </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/toasts" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Toasts </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/components/tooltips" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Tooltips </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-orange);" aria-hidden="true"> <use  xlink:href="#magic"></use> </svg> Helpers </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/clearfix" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Clearfix </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/color-background" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Color &amp; background </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/colored-links" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Colored links </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/focus-ring" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Focus ring </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/icon-link" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Icon link </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/position" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Position </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/ratio" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Ratio </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/stacks" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Stacks </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/stretched-link" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Stretched link </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/text-truncation" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Text truncation </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/vertical-rule" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Vertical rule </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/helpers/visually-hidden" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Visually hidden </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-red);" aria-hidden="true"> <use  xlink:href="#braces-asterisk"></use> </svg> Utilities </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/api" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> API </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/background" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Background </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/borders" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Borders </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/colors" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Colors </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/display" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Display </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/flex" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Flex </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/float" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Float </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/interactions" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Interactions </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/link" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Link </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/object-fit" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Object fit </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/opacity" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Opacity </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/overflow" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Overflow </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/position" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Position </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/shadows" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Shadows </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/sizing" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Sizing </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/spacing" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Spacing </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/text" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Text </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/vertical-align" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Vertical align </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/visibility" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Visibility </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/utilities/z-index" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Z-index </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-blue);" aria-hidden="true"> <use  xlink:href="#tools"></use> </svg> Extend </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/extend/approach" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Approach </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/extend/icons" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Icons </a> </li> </ul> </li><li class="bd-links-group py-2"> <strong class="bd-links-heading d-flex w-100 align-items-center fw-semibold"> <svg class="bi me-2" style="color: var(--bs-indigo);" aria-hidden="true"> <use  xlink:href="#globe2"></use> </svg> About </strong> <ul class="list-unstyled fw-normal pb-2 small"> <li> <a href="/docs/5.3/about/overview" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Overview </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/about/team" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Team </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/about/brand" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Brand </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/about/license" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> License </a> </li><li> <a href="/docs/5.3/about/translations" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded"> Translations </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="bd-links-span-all mt-1 mb-3 mx-4 border-top"></li> <li class="bd-links-span-all"> <a href="/docs/5.3/migration/" class="bd-links-link d-inline-block rounded small"> Migration </a> </li>  </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </aside> <main class="bd-main order-1"> <div class="bd-intro pt-2 ps-lg-2"> <div class="d-md-flex flex-md-row-reverse align-items-center justify-content-between"> <div class="mb-3 mb-md-0 d-flex text-nowrap">  <a class="btn btn-sm btn-bd-light rounded-2" href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/v5.3.7/site/src/content/docs/layout/breakpoints.mdx" title="View and edit this file on GitHub" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
View on GitHub
</a> </div> <h1 class="bd-title mb-0" id="content">Breakpoints</h1> </div> <div class="bd-subtitle"> <p>Breakpoints are customizable widths that determine how your responsive layout behaves across device or viewport sizes in Bootstrap.</p>
 </div> </div> <div class="bd-toc mt-3 mb-5 my-lg-0 mb-lg-5 px-sm-1 text-body-secondary"> <button class="btn btn-link p-md-0 mb-2 mb-md-0 text-decoration-none bd-toc-toggle d-md-none" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#tocContents" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="tocContents">
On this page
<svg class="bi d-md-none ms-2" aria-hidden="true"> <use xlink:href="#chevron-expand"></use> </svg> </button>
            <strong class="d-none d-md-block h6 my-2 ms-3" id="docs-tocs">On this page</strong>
            <hr class="d-none d-md-block my-2 ms-3">
            <div class="collapse bd-toc-collapse" id="tocContents"> <nav id="TableOfContents" aria-labelledby="docs-tocs"> <ul> <li> <a href="#core-concepts">Core concepts</a>  </li><li> <a href="#available-breakpoints">Available breakpoints</a>  </li><li> <a href="#media-queries">Media queries</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#min-width">Min-width</a>  </li><li> <a href="#max-width">Max-width</a>  </li><li> <a href="#single-breakpoint">Single breakpoint</a>  </li><li> <a href="#between-breakpoints">Between breakpoints</a>  </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <script async src="https://cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?serve=CKYIKKJL&placement=getbootstrapcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script> </div> <div class="bd-content ps-lg-2">   <h2 id="core-concepts">Core concepts<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Core concepts" href="#core-concepts"> </a></h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Breakpoints are the building blocks of responsive design.</strong> Use them to control when your layout can be adapted at a particular viewport or device size.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Use media queries to architect your CSS by breakpoint.</strong> Media queries are a feature of CSS that allow you to conditionally apply styles based on a set of browser and operating system parameters. We most commonly use <code>min-width</code> in our media queries.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Mobile first, responsive design is the goal.</strong> Bootstrap’s CSS aims to apply the bare minimum of styles to make a layout work at the smallest breakpoint, and then layers on styles to adjust that design for larger devices. This optimizes your CSS, improves rendering time, and provides a great experience for your visitors.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="available-breakpoints">Available breakpoints<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Available breakpoints" href="#available-breakpoints"> </a></h2>
<p>Bootstrap includes six default breakpoints, sometimes referred to as <em>grid tiers</em>, for building responsively. These breakpoints can be customized if you’re using our source Sass files.</p>
<div class="table-responsive">


<table class="table"><thead><tr><th>Breakpoint</th><th>Class infix</th><th>Dimensions</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Extra small</td><td><em>None</em></td><td>&lt;576px</td></tr><tr><td>Small</td><td><code>sm</code></td><td>≥576px</td></tr><tr><td>Medium</td><td><code>md</code></td><td>≥768px</td></tr><tr><td>Large</td><td><code>lg</code></td><td>≥992px</td></tr><tr><td>Extra large</td><td><code>xl</code></td><td>≥1200px</td></tr><tr><td>Extra extra large</td><td><code>xxl</code></td><td>≥1400px</td></tr></tbody></table> </div>
<p>Each breakpoint was chosen to comfortably hold containers whose widths are multiples of 12. Breakpoints are also representative of a subset of common device sizes and viewport dimensions—they don’t specifically target every use case or device. Instead, the ranges provide a strong and consistent foundation to build on for nearly any device.</p>
<p>These breakpoints are customizable via Sass—you’ll find them in a Sass map in our <code>_variables.scss</code> stylesheet.</p>
<script type="module" src="/docs/5.3/assets/Code.astro_astro_type_script_index_0_lang.5BTJN8ix.js"></script> <div class="bd-code-snippet bd-example-snippet bd-file-ref"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center highlight-toolbar ps-3 pe-2 py-1 border-bottom"> <a class="font-monospace link-secondary link-underline-secondary link-underline-opacity-0 link-underline-opacity-100-hover small" href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/v5.3.7/scss/_variables.scss"> scss/_variables.scss </a> <div class="d-flex ms-auto"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard mt-0 me-0" title="Copy to clipboard"> <svg class="bi" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use></svg> </button> </div> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-scss"><code class="language-scss"><span class="token property"><span class="token variable">$grid-breakpoints</span></span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
  <span class="token property">xs</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">sm</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 576px<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">md</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 768px<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">lg</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 992px<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">xl</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1200px<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token property">xxl</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1400px
<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> </div> </div>
<p>For more information and examples on how to modify our Sass maps and variables, please refer to <a href="/docs/5.3/layout/grid#css">the CSS section of the Grid documentation</a>.</p>
<h2 id="media-queries">Media queries<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Media queries" href="#media-queries"> </a></h2>
<p>Since Bootstrap is developed to be mobile first, we use a handful of <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_media_queries/Using_media_queries">media queries</a> to create sensible breakpoints for our layouts and interfaces. These breakpoints are mostly based on minimum viewport widths and allow us to scale up elements as the viewport changes.</p>
<h3 id="min-width">Min-width<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Min-width" href="#min-width"> </a></h3>
<p>Bootstrap primarily uses the following media query ranges—or breakpoints—in our source Sass files for our layout, grid system, and components.</p>
 <div class="bd-code-snippet"> <div class="bd-clipboard"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard"> <svg class="bi" role="img" aria-label="Copy"> <use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-scss"><code is:raw class="language-scss"><span class="token comment">// Source mixins</span>

<span class="token comment">// No media query necessary for xs breakpoint as it’s effectively `@media (min-width: 0) { ... }`</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sm<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>md<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lg<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xl<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xxl<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// Usage</span>

<span class="token comment">// Example: Hide starting at `min-width: 0`, and then show at the `sm` breakpoint</span>
<span class="token selector">.custom-class </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-up</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sm<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token selector">.custom-class </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> block<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> </div> </div>
<p>These Sass mixins translate in our compiled CSS using the values declared in our Sass variables. For example:</p>
 <div class="bd-code-snippet"> <div class="bd-clipboard"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard"> <svg class="bi" role="img" aria-label="Copy"> <use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-scss"><code is:raw class="language-scss"><span class="token comment">// X-Small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)</span>
<span class="token comment">// No media query for `xs` since this is the default in Bootstrap</span>

<span class="token comment">// Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)</span>
<span class="token atrule"><span class="token rule">@media</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">min-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 576px<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)</span>
<span class="token atrule"><span class="token rule">@media</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">min-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 768px<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// Large devices (desktops, 992px and up)</span>
<span class="token atrule"><span class="token rule">@media</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">min-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 992px<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// X-Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)</span>
<span class="token atrule"><span class="token rule">@media</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">min-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1200px<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// XX-Large devices (larger desktops, 1400px and up)</span>
<span class="token atrule"><span class="token rule">@media</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">min-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1400px<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> </div> </div>
<h3 id="max-width">Max-width<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Max-width" href="#max-width"> </a></h3>
<p>We occasionally use media queries that go in the other direction (the given screen size <em>or smaller</em>):</p>
 <div class="bd-code-snippet"> <div class="bd-clipboard"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard"> <svg class="bi" role="img" aria-label="Copy"> <use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-scss"><code is:raw class="language-scss"><span class="token comment">// No media query necessary for xs breakpoint as it’s effectively `@media (max-width: 0) { ... }`</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sm<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>md<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lg<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xl<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xxl<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// Example: Style from medium breakpoint and down</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-down</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>md<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token selector">.custom-class </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">display</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> block<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> </div> </div>
<p>These mixins take those declared breakpoints, subtract <code>.02px</code> from them, and use them as our <code>max-width</code> values. For example:</p>
 <div class="bd-code-snippet"> <div class="bd-clipboard"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard"> <svg class="bi" role="img" aria-label="Copy"> <use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-scss"><code is:raw class="language-scss"><span class="token comment">// `xs` returns only a ruleset and no media query</span>
<span class="token comment">// ... { ... }</span>

<span class="token comment">// `sm` applies to x-small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)</span>
<span class="token atrule"><span class="token rule">@media</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">max-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 575.98px<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// `md` applies to small devices (landscape phones, less than 768px)</span>
<span class="token atrule"><span class="token rule">@media</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">max-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 767.98px<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// `lg` applies to medium devices (tablets, less than 992px)</span>
<span class="token atrule"><span class="token rule">@media</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">max-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 991.98px<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// `xl` applies to large devices (desktops, less than 1200px)</span>
<span class="token atrule"><span class="token rule">@media</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">max-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1199.98px<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// `xxl` applies to x-large devices (large desktops, less than 1400px)</span>
<span class="token atrule"><span class="token rule">@media</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">max-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1399.98px<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> </div> </div>
<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning"> <p><strong>Why subtract .02px?</strong> Browsers don’t currently support <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-4/#range-context">range context queries</a>, so we work around the limitations of <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/mediaqueries-4/#mq-min-max"><code>min-</code> and <code>max-</code> prefixes</a> and viewports with fractional widths (which can occur under certain conditions on high-dpi devices, for instance) by using values with higher precision.</p> </div>
<h3 id="single-breakpoint">Single breakpoint<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Single breakpoint" href="#single-breakpoint"> </a></h3>
<p>There are also media queries and mixins for targeting a single segment of screen sizes using the minimum and maximum breakpoint widths.</p>
 <div class="bd-code-snippet"> <div class="bd-clipboard"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard"> <svg class="bi" role="img" aria-label="Copy"> <use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-scss"><code is:raw class="language-scss"><span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xs<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sm<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>md<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lg<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xl<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-only</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xxl<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> </div> </div>
<p>For example the <code>@include media-breakpoint-only(md) { ... }</code> will result in :</p>
 <div class="bd-code-snippet"> <div class="bd-clipboard"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard"> <svg class="bi" role="img" aria-label="Copy"> <use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-scss"><code is:raw class="language-scss"><span class="token atrule"><span class="token rule">@media</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">min-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 768px<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">and</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">max-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 991.98px<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> </div> </div>
<h3 id="between-breakpoints">Between breakpoints<a class="anchor-link" aria-label="Link to this section: Between breakpoints" href="#between-breakpoints"> </a></h3>
<p>Similarly, media queries may span multiple breakpoint widths:</p>
 <div class="bd-code-snippet"> <div class="bd-clipboard"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard"> <svg class="bi" role="img" aria-label="Copy"> <use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-scss"><code is:raw class="language-scss"><span class="token keyword">@include</span> <span class="token function">media-breakpoint-between</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>md<span class="token punctuation">,</span> xl<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> </div> </div>
<p>Which results in:</p>
 <div class="bd-code-snippet"> <div class="bd-clipboard"> <button type="button" class="btn-clipboard"> <svg class="bi" role="img" aria-label="Copy"> <use xlink:href="#clipboard"></use> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="highlight"> <pre class="language-scss"><code is:raw class="language-scss"><span class="token comment">// Example</span>
<span class="token comment">// Apply styles starting from medium devices and up to extra large devices</span>
<span class="token atrule"><span class="token rule">@media</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">min-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 768px<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">and</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token property">max-width</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1199.98px<span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ... <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
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