2005-05-31 23:10:18 +00:00
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<title>Terminology</title>
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<h1>Terminology in the Quiz Module</h1>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
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<ul class="navigation">
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<li><a href='#description'>Purpose and Description</a></li>
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<li><a href='#terms'>Terms</a></li>
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</ul>
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<a name='description'></a><h2>Purpose and Description</h2>
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<p>
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In order to describe and understand the quiz module, it is necessary to
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understand the terminology that is used to describe its aspects. On this page
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the important terms are named and explained and in some cases linked to more
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detailed documentation.
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</p>
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<a name='terms'></a><h2>Terms</h2>
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<table>
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<tr>
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<th>Term</th>
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<th>Description</th>
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<th>Related Links</th>
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</tr>
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2005-07-06 15:30:13 +00:00
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><a name="#adaptive_item"></a>adaptive question (QTI
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speak: adaptive item)
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</td>
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<td>Adaptive questions are questions that walk the user through a
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directed graph of question states depending on the user's responses.
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E.g. a complicated mathematical question that is answered incorrectly,
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but is likely to be incorrect because of a common mistake, could provide
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the user with a hint towards this mistake, apply a penalty and allow a
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second attempt at this question.<br />
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Quizzes can be run in adaptive mode, which provides buttons to mark each
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question individually.
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</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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2005-05-31 23:10:18 +00:00
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<tr>
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2005-07-01 21:00:52 +00:00
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<td valign="top"><a name="#answers"></a>answer(s)</td>
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<td>The term answer is used exclusively for the teacher defined answers
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of a question. These answers are usually stored in the
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<code>quiz_answers</code> table and are compared to the responses for
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grading.
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</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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2005-07-01 21:00:52 +00:00
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<td valign="top"><a name="#attempts"></a>attempt(s)</td>
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<td>The term attempt is used in the sense of "Attempt at the quiz".
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Depending on the quiz settings, a student may be allowed several
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attempts at a quiz. An attempt is finished when the student clicks on
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the corresponding button on the attempt page. Students do not have to
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complete an attempt in one visit. They can navigate away from
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the quiz page and return later to continue the same attempt.<br />
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Within one and the same quiz attempt a student may make several attempts
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at answering a particular question, at least if the questiontype allows
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2005-07-06 15:30:13 +00:00
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it and the quiz is set up in adaptive mode. These will always be
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referred to as "attempts at a question", never just as
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"attempts".
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</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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2005-07-06 15:30:13 +00:00
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><a name="#event"></a>event</td>
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<td>The $stateobject (and the <code>quiz_states</code> table) has a
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field <code>event</code>, which indicates the event that led to the
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creation of the state. The field can take the value of any of the
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following constants (defined in locallib.php):
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<ul>
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<li>EVENTOPEN: The attempt has just been opened and this is the
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initial state of a question, i.e. the user has seen the question did
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not interact with it yet.</li>
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<li>EVENTSAVE: The responses are just being saved, either because the
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student requested this explicitly or because the student navigated to
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another quiz page.</li>
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<li>EVENTVALIDATE: The student requested a validation of the
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responses. (This is not supported by all questiontypes.)</li>
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<li>EVENTGRADE: The responses are being graded but the question
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session is not closed. This is generally the case for adaptive
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questions.</li>
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<li>EVENTCLOSE: The responses are being graded and the question
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session is closed. Usually this happens because the whole attempt
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closes, either because the student requests it or because the time is
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up or because we are beyond the due date.</li>
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<li>EVENTDUPLICATEGRADE: This is a strange one. It indicates that the
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responses would have been graded had they not been found to be
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identical to previous responses.</li>
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</ul>
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When new responses are being processed by the function <code>
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quiz_process_responses</code>, then this function is being passed the
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event type in <code>$action->event</code> while the responses are in
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<code>$action->responses</code>.
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</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><a name="#question"></a>question(s)</td>
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<td>Strictly, a question in the context of the quiz module is the set of
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definitions (question name, question text, possible answers, feedback,
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etc.) that constitute a reusable item. Therefore a question itself is a
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static entity. All data related to interactions with a particular
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question (in a particular attempt on a particular quiz) is stored in its
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corresponding states.
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</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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2005-07-01 21:00:52 +00:00
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><a name="#questiontype"></a>questiontype</td>
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<td>There are several questiontypes built into the quiz module, however,
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due to the plugin architecture of the quiz module, it is possible to
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2005-05-31 23:10:18 +00:00
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define custom questiontypes. Existing questiontypes include true/false,
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multiple choice, short answer, numerical and calculated questions.
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</td>
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<td><a href="http://moodle.org/mod/wiki/view.php?id=2935&page=Guidelines+for+converting+existing+questiontypes">conversion guide</a></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><a name="#responses"></a>responses</td>
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<td>Conceptually these are the students' responses to a question. This
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is always used in plural, although for some questiontypes there is only
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one possible response. In the runtime <code>$state</code> object there
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is a field <code>$state->responses</code>, which holds an array of a
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student's responses to a question.
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</td>
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<td><a href="responsestorage.html">response storage</a></td>
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</tr>
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2005-07-06 15:30:13 +00:00
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><a name="#state"></a>state</td>
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<td>Question states are saved in the table <code>quiz_states</code>.
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States always "belong" to a question within a particular attempt and are
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therefore also user specific. The first state in a question's life cycle
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during an attempt records the fact that the user has seen the question.
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This state is never modified, however, it can be superseded by a new
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state, which represents a user interaction. Different user interactions
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are defined by the events, a set of constants, one
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for each possible type of user interaction.
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</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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2005-05-31 23:10:18 +00:00
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2005-07-06 15:30:13 +00:00
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<tr>
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<td valign="top"><a name="#session"></a>session</td>
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<td>A question session is the complete history of question states that
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the question is taken through. Usually only the most recent state and
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the last graded state are of interest though.
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</td>
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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2005-05-31 23:10:18 +00:00
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</body>
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</html>
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