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71 lines
4.0 KiB
HTML
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Forum Ratings</B></P>
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<P>Individual posts can be rated using a scale based on the theory of
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<strong>separate and connected knowing</strong>.
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<p>This theory may help you to look at human interactions
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in a new way. It describes two different ways that we can evaluate and learn
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about the things we see and hear.
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<p>Although each of us may use these two methods in different amounts at different
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times, it may be useful to imagine two people as examples, one who is a mostly
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separate knower (Jim) and the other a mostly connected knower (Mary).</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Jim likes to remain as 'objective' as possible without including his feelings
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and emotions. When in a discussion with other people who may have different
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ideas, he likes to defend his own ideas, using logic to find holes in his
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opponent's ideas. He is critical of new ideas unless they are proven facts
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from reputable sources such as textbooks, respected teachers or his own direct
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experience. Jim is a very <strong>separate knower</strong>.<br><br>
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</li>
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<li>Mary is more sensitive to other people. She is skilled at empathy and tends
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to listen and ask questions until she feels she can connect and "understand
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things from their point of view". She learns by trying to share the experiences
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that led to the knowledge she finds in other people. When talking to others,
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she avoids confrontation and will often try to help the other person if she
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can see a way to do so, using logical suggestions. Mary is a very <strong>connected
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knower</strong>.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Did you notice in these examples that the separate knower is male and the connected
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knower is female? Some studies have shown that statistically this tends to be
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the case, however individual people can be anywhere in the spectrum between
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these two extremes. </p>
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<p>For a collaborative and effective group of learners it may be best if everyone
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were able to use BOTH ways of knowing.</p>
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<p>In a particular situation like an online forum, a single post by a person may
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exhibit either of these characteristics, or even both. Someone who is generally
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very connected may post a very separate-sounding message, and vice versa. The
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purpose of rating each post using this scale is to:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>a) help you think about these issues when reading other posts<br>
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b) provide feedback to each author on how they are being seen by others</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>The results are not used towards student assessment in any way, they are just
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to help improve communication and learning.</p>
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<hr>
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<p><br>
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In case you're interested, here are some references to papers by the authors
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who originally developed these ideas:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Belenky, M.F., Clinchy, B.M., Goldberger, N.R., & Tarule, J.M. (1986).
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Women's ways of knowing: the development of self, voice, and mind. New York,
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NY: Basic Books.</li>
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<li>Clinchy, B.M. (1989a). The development of thoughtfulness in college women:
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Integrating reason and care. American Behavioural Scientist, 32(6), 647-657.</li>
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<li>Clinchy, B.M. (1989b). On critical thinking & connected knowing. Liberal
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education, 75(5), 14-19.</li>
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<li>Clinchy, B.M. (1996). Connected and separate knowing; Toward a marriage
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of two minds. In N.R. Goldberger, Tarule, J.M., Clinchy, B.M. &</li>
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<li>Belenky, M.F. (Eds.), Knowledge, Difference, and Power; Essays inspired
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by “Women’s Ways of Knowing” (pp. 205-247). New York, NY:
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Basic Books.</li>
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<li>Galotti, K. M., Clinchy, B. M., Ainsworth, K., Lavin, B., & Mansfield,
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A. F. (1999). A New Way of Assessing Ways of Knowing: The Attitudes Towards
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Thinking and Learning Survey (ATTLS). Sex Roles, 40(9/10), 745-766.</li>
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<li>Galotti, K. M., Reimer, R. L., & Drebus, D. W. (2001). Ways of knowing
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as learning styles: Learning MAGIC with a partner. Sex Roles, 44(7/8), 419-436.
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<br>
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</li>
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</ul>
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