moodle/lib/classes/encryption.php
Eloy Lafuente (stronk7) d676a8114e MDL-71420 environment: Add some strategic comments and todos.
This isn't really a deprecations where something is replaced
by another and all uses must adapt to. Instead it's just a
fallback functionality that will stop working in Moodle 4.2.

Because of that, I've tried to add TODO/@todo comments to
the places that will need to modified, always pointing to
MDL-71421 that is where the removal will happen.

Also, haven't added any debugging() output, after thinking
a lot about it, because this isn't anything that developers
can be using but a internal implementation detail (a fallback)
that we want to remove in some versions.
2021-05-06 14:29:33 +02:00

324 lines
12 KiB
PHP

<?php
// This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
//
// Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with Moodle. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
/**
* Class used to encrypt or decrypt data.
*
* @package core
* @copyright 2020 The Open University
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
*/
namespace core;
/**
* Class used to encrypt or decrypt data.
*
* @package core
* @copyright 2020 The Open University
* @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
* @deprecated since Moodle 3.11 MDL-71420 - the openssl part of the class only.
* @todo MDL-71421 Remove the openssl part in Moodle 4.2.
*/
class encryption {
/** @var string Encryption method: Sodium */
const METHOD_SODIUM = 'sodium';
// TODO: MDL-71421 - Remove the following openssl constants and all uses once sodium becomes a requirement in Moodle 4.2.
/** @var string Encryption method: hand-coded OpenSSL (less safe) */
const METHOD_OPENSSL = 'openssl-aes-256-ctr';
/** @var string OpenSSL cipher method */
const OPENSSL_CIPHER = 'AES-256-CTR';
/**
* Checks if Sodium is installed.
*
* @return bool True if the Sodium extension is available
*/
public static function is_sodium_installed(): bool {
return extension_loaded('sodium');
}
/**
* Gets the encryption method to use. We use the Sodium extension if it is installed, or
* otherwise, OpenSSL.
*
* @return string Current encryption method
*/
protected static function get_encryption_method(): string {
if (self::is_sodium_installed()) {
return self::METHOD_SODIUM;
} else {
return self::METHOD_OPENSSL;
}
}
/**
* Creates a key for the server.
*
* @param string|null $method Encryption method (only if you want to create a non-default key)
* @param bool $chmod If true, restricts the file access of the key
* @throws \moodle_exception If the server already has a key, or there is an error
*/
public static function create_key(?string $method = null, bool $chmod = true): void {
if ($method === null) {
$method = self::get_encryption_method();
}
if (self::key_exists($method)) {
throw new \moodle_exception('encryption_keyalreadyexists', 'error');
}
// Don't make it read-only in Behat or it will fail to clear for future runs.
if (defined('BEHAT_SITE_RUNNING')) {
$chmod = false;
}
// Generate the key.
switch ($method) {
case self::METHOD_SODIUM:
$key = sodium_crypto_secretbox_keygen();
break;
case self::METHOD_OPENSSL:
$key = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(32);
break;
default:
throw new \coding_exception('Unknown method: ' . $method);
}
// Store the key, making it readable only by server.
$folder = self::get_key_folder();
check_dir_exists($folder);
$keyfile = self::get_key_file($method);
file_put_contents($keyfile, $key);
if ($chmod) {
chmod($keyfile, 0400);
}
}
/**
* Gets the folder used to store the secret key.
*
* @return string Folder path
*/
protected static function get_key_folder(): string {
global $CFG;
return ($CFG->secretdataroot ?? $CFG->dataroot . '/secret') . '/key';
}
/**
* Gets the file path used to store the secret key. The filename contains the cipher method,
* so that if necessary to transition in future it would be possible to have multiple.
*
* @param string|null $method Encryption method (only if you want to get a non-default key)
* @return string Full path to file
*/
public static function get_key_file(?string $method = null): string {
if ($method === null) {
$method = self::get_encryption_method();
}
return self::get_key_folder() . '/' . $method . '.key';
}
/**
* Checks if there is a key file.
*
* @param string|null $method Encryption method (only if you want to check a non-default key)
* @return bool True if there is a key file
*/
public static function key_exists(?string $method = null): bool {
if ($method === null) {
$method = self::get_encryption_method();
}
return file_exists(self::get_key_file($method));
}
/**
* Gets the current key, automatically creating it if there isn't one yet.
*
* @param string|null $method Encryption method (only if you want to get a non-default key)
* @return string The key (binary)
* @throws \moodle_exception If there isn't one already (and creation is disabled)
*/
protected static function get_key(?string $method = null): string {
global $CFG;
if ($method === null) {
$method = self::get_encryption_method();
}
$keyfile = self::get_key_file($method);
if (!file_exists($keyfile) && empty($CFG->nokeygeneration)) {
self::create_key($method);
}
$result = @file_get_contents($keyfile);
if ($result === false) {
throw new \moodle_exception('encryption_nokey', 'error');
}
return $result;
}
/**
* Gets the length in bytes of the initial values data required.
*
* @param string $method Crypto method
* @return int Length in bytes
*/
protected static function get_iv_length(string $method): int {
switch ($method) {
case self::METHOD_SODIUM:
return SODIUM_CRYPTO_SECRETBOX_NONCEBYTES;
case self::METHOD_OPENSSL:
return openssl_cipher_iv_length(self::OPENSSL_CIPHER);
default:
throw new \coding_exception('Unknown method: ' . $method);
}
}
/**
* Encrypts data using the server's key.
*
* Note there is a special case - the empty string is not encrypted.
*
* @param string $data Data to encrypt, or empty string for no data
* @param string|null $method Encryption method (only if you want to use a non-default method)
* @return string Encrypted data, or empty string for no data
* @throws \moodle_exception If the key doesn't exist, or the string is too long
*/
public static function encrypt(string $data, ?string $method = null): string {
if ($data === '') {
return '';
} else {
if ($method === null) {
$method = self::get_encryption_method();
}
// Create IV.
$iv = random_bytes(self::get_iv_length($method));
// Encrypt data.
switch($method) {
case self::METHOD_SODIUM:
try {
$encrypted = sodium_crypto_secretbox($data, $iv, self::get_key($method));
} catch (\SodiumException $e) {
throw new \moodle_exception('encryption_encryptfailed', 'error', '', null, $e->getMessage());
}
break;
case self::METHOD_OPENSSL:
// This may not be a secure authenticated encryption implementation;
// administrators should enable the Sodium extension.
$key = self::get_key($method);
if (strlen($key) !== 32) {
throw new \moodle_exception('encryption_invalidkey', 'error');
}
$encrypted = @openssl_encrypt($data, self::OPENSSL_CIPHER, $key, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv);
if ($encrypted === false) {
throw new \moodle_exception('encryption_encryptfailed', 'error',
'', null, openssl_error_string());
}
$hmac = hash_hmac('sha256', $iv . $encrypted, $key, true);
$encrypted .= $hmac;
break;
default:
throw new \coding_exception('Unknown method: ' . $method);
}
// Encrypted data is cipher method plus IV plus encrypted data.
return $method . ':' . base64_encode($iv . $encrypted);
}
}
/**
* Decrypts data using the server's key. The decryption works with either supported method.
*
* @param string $data Data to decrypt
* @return string Decrypted data
*/
public static function decrypt(string $data): string {
if ($data === '') {
return '';
} else {
if (preg_match('~^(' . self::METHOD_OPENSSL . '|' . self::METHOD_SODIUM . '):~', $data, $matches)) {
$method = $matches[1];
} else {
throw new \moodle_exception('encryption_wrongmethod', 'error');
}
$realdata = base64_decode(substr($data, strlen($method) + 1), true);
if ($realdata === false) {
throw new \moodle_exception('encryption_decryptfailed', 'error',
'', null, 'Invalid base64 data');
}
$ivlength = self::get_iv_length($method);
if (strlen($realdata) < $ivlength + 1) {
throw new \moodle_exception('encryption_decryptfailed', 'error',
'', null, 'Insufficient data');
}
$iv = substr($realdata, 0, $ivlength);
$encrypted = substr($realdata, $ivlength);
switch ($method) {
case self::METHOD_SODIUM:
try {
$decrypted = sodium_crypto_secretbox_open($encrypted, $iv, self::get_key($method));
} catch (\SodiumException $e) {
throw new \moodle_exception('encryption_decryptfailed', 'error',
'', null, $e->getMessage());
}
// Sodium returns false if decryption fails because data is invalid.
if ($decrypted === false) {
throw new \moodle_exception('encryption_decryptfailed', 'error',
'', null, 'Integrity check failed');
}
break;
case self::METHOD_OPENSSL:
if (strlen($encrypted) < 33) {
throw new \moodle_exception('encryption_decryptfailed', 'error',
'', null, 'Insufficient data');
}
$hmac = substr($encrypted, -32);
$encrypted = substr($encrypted, 0, -32);
$key = self::get_key($method);
$expectedhmac = hash_hmac('sha256', $iv . $encrypted, $key, true);
if ($hmac !== $expectedhmac) {
throw new \moodle_exception('encryption_decryptfailed', 'error',
'', null, 'Integrity check failed');
}
$decrypted = @openssl_decrypt($encrypted, self::OPENSSL_CIPHER, $key, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $iv);
if ($decrypted === false) {
throw new \moodle_exception('encryption_decryptfailed', 'error',
'', null, openssl_error_string());
}
break;
default:
throw new \coding_exception('Unknown method: ' . $method);
}
return $decrypted;
}
}
}