diff --git a/config/set/phpunit/phpunit70.yaml b/config/set/phpunit/phpunit70.yaml
index 9602144a207..b99b6139ee6 100644
--- a/config/set/phpunit/phpunit70.yaml
+++ b/config/set/phpunit/phpunit70.yaml
@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ services:
     Rector\Renaming\Rector\Annotation\RenameAnnotationRector:
         PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase:
             scenario: 'test'
+    Rector\PHPUnit\Rector\Class_\RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector: ~
diff --git a/packages/PHPUnit/src/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector.php b/packages/PHPUnit/src/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f953fe1a03b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/PHPUnit/src/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector.php
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Rector\Class_;
+
+use Nette\Utils\Strings;
+use PhpParser\Comment\Doc;
+use PhpParser\Node;
+use PhpParser\Node\Stmt\Class_;
+use Rector\Rector\AbstractPHPUnitRector;
+use Rector\RectorDefinition\CodeSample;
+use Rector\RectorDefinition\RectorDefinition;
+
+/**
+ * @see https://stackoverflow.com/a/46693675/1348344
+ *
+ * @see \Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\Rector\Class_\RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector\RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRectorTest
+ */
+final class RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector extends AbstractPHPUnitRector
+{
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private const DATA_PROVIDER_ANNOTATION_PATTERN = '#(@dataProvider\s+)(?<providerMethodName>test\w+)#';
+
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    private const DATA_PROVIDER_EXACT_NAME_PATTERN = '#(@dataProvider\s+)(%s)#';
+
+    /**
+     * @var string[]
+     */
+    private $providerMethodNamesToNewNames = [];
+
+    public function getDefinition(): RectorDefinition
+    {
+        return new RectorDefinition('Data provider methods cannot start with "test" prefix', [
+            new CodeSample(
+                <<<'PHP'
+class SomeClass extends PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider testProvideData()
+     */
+    public function test()
+    {
+        $nothing = 5;
+    }
+
+    public function testProvideData()
+    {
+        return ['123'];
+    }
+}
+PHP
+                ,
+                <<<'PHP'
+class SomeClass extends PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider provideData()
+     */
+    public function test()
+    {
+        $nothing = 5;
+    }
+
+    public function provideData()
+    {
+        return ['123'];
+    }
+}
+PHP
+            ),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return string[]
+     */
+    public function getNodeTypes(): array
+    {
+        return [Class_::class];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param Class_ $node
+     */
+    public function refactor(Node $node): ?Node
+    {
+        if (! $this->isInTestClass($node)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $this->providerMethodNamesToNewNames = [];
+
+        $this->renameDataProviderAnnotationsAndCollectRenamedMethods($node);
+
+        $this->renameProviderMethods($node);
+
+        return $node;
+    }
+
+    private function renameDataProviderAnnotationsAndCollectRenamedMethods(Class_ $class): void
+    {
+        foreach ($class->getMethods() as $classMethod) {
+            if ($classMethod->getDocComment() === null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $docCommentText = $classMethod->getDocComment()->getText();
+            if (! Strings::match($docCommentText, self::DATA_PROVIDER_ANNOTATION_PATTERN)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // replace the name in the doc
+            $matches = Strings::matchAll($docCommentText, self::DATA_PROVIDER_ANNOTATION_PATTERN);
+            foreach ($matches as $match) {
+                $currentProviderMethodName = $match['providerMethodName'];
+
+                $newMethodName = Strings::substring($currentProviderMethodName, strlen('test'));
+                $newMethodName = lcfirst($newMethodName);
+
+                $currentMethodPattern = sprintf(self::DATA_PROVIDER_EXACT_NAME_PATTERN, $currentProviderMethodName);
+
+                $docCommentText = Strings::replace($docCommentText, $currentMethodPattern, '$1' . $newMethodName);
+
+                $this->providerMethodNamesToNewNames[$currentProviderMethodName] = $newMethodName;
+            }
+
+            $classMethod->setDocComment(new Doc($docCommentText));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function renameProviderMethods(Class_ $class): void
+    {
+        foreach ($class->getMethods() as $classMethod) {
+            foreach ($this->providerMethodNamesToNewNames as $oldName => $newName) {
+                if (! $this->isName($classMethod, $oldName)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $classMethod->name = new Node\Identifier($newName);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/packages/PHPUnit/tests/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector/Fixture/fixture.php.inc b/packages/PHPUnit/tests/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector/Fixture/fixture.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20375b1f439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/PHPUnit/tests/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector/Fixture/fixture.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\Rector\Class_\RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector\Fixture;
+
+class SomeClass extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider testProvideData()
+     */
+    public function test()
+    {
+        $nothing = 5;
+    }
+
+    public function testProvideData()
+    {
+        return ['123'];
+    }
+}
+
+?>
+-----
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\Rector\Class_\RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector\Fixture;
+
+class SomeClass extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider provideData()
+     */
+    public function test()
+    {
+        $nothing = 5;
+    }
+
+    public function provideData()
+    {
+        return ['123'];
+    }
+}
+
+?>
diff --git a/packages/PHPUnit/tests/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector/Fixture/multiple_data_providers.php.inc b/packages/PHPUnit/tests/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector/Fixture/multiple_data_providers.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8285e25633a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/PHPUnit/tests/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector/Fixture/multiple_data_providers.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\Rector\Class_\RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector\Fixture;
+
+class MultipleDataProviders extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider testProvideData()
+     * @dataProvider testNextProvideData2()
+     * @dataProvider testNextProvideData()
+     */
+    public function test()
+    {
+        $nothing = 5;
+    }
+
+    public function testProvideData()
+    {
+        return ['123'];
+    }
+
+    public function testNextProvideData2()
+    {
+        return ['123'];
+    }
+
+    public function testNextProvideData()
+    {
+        return ['123'];
+    }
+}
+
+?>
+-----
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\Rector\Class_\RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector\Fixture;
+
+class MultipleDataProviders extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider provideData()
+     * @dataProvider nextProvideData2()
+     * @dataProvider nextProvideData()
+     */
+    public function test()
+    {
+        $nothing = 5;
+    }
+
+    public function provideData()
+    {
+        return ['123'];
+    }
+
+    public function nextProvideData2()
+    {
+        return ['123'];
+    }
+
+    public function nextProvideData()
+    {
+        return ['123'];
+    }
+}
+
+?>
diff --git a/packages/PHPUnit/tests/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector/Fixture/with_test_annotation.php.inc b/packages/PHPUnit/tests/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector/Fixture/with_test_annotation.php.inc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a311f56b862
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/PHPUnit/tests/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector/Fixture/with_test_annotation.php.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\Rector\Class_\RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector\Fixture;
+
+class WithTestAnnotation extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @test
+     * @dataProvider testProvideDataForWithATestAnnotation()
+     */
+    public function test()
+    {
+        $nothing = 5;
+    }
+
+    public function testProvideDataForWithATestAnnotation()
+    {
+        return ['123'];
+    }
+}
+
+?>
+-----
+<?php
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\Rector\Class_\RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector\Fixture;
+
+class WithTestAnnotation extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @test
+     * @dataProvider provideDataForWithATestAnnotation()
+     */
+    public function test()
+    {
+        $nothing = 5;
+    }
+
+    public function provideDataForWithATestAnnotation()
+    {
+        return ['123'];
+    }
+}
+
+?>
diff --git a/packages/PHPUnit/tests/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRectorTest.php b/packages/PHPUnit/tests/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRectorTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3aa796835c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/PHPUnit/tests/Rector/Class_/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector/RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRectorTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Rector\PHPUnit\Tests\Rector\Class_\RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector;
+
+use Iterator;
+use Rector\PHPUnit\Rector\Class_\RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector;
+use Rector\Testing\PHPUnit\AbstractRectorTestCase;
+
+final class RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRectorTest extends AbstractRectorTestCase
+{
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider provideDataForTest()
+     */
+    public function test(string $file): void
+    {
+        $this->doTestFile($file);
+    }
+
+    public function provideDataForTest(): Iterator
+    {
+        yield [__DIR__ . '/Fixture/fixture.php.inc'];
+        yield [__DIR__ . '/Fixture/with_test_annotation.php.inc'];
+        yield [__DIR__ . '/Fixture/multiple_data_providers.php.inc'];
+    }
+
+    protected function getRectorClass(): string
+    {
+        return RemoveDataProviderTestPrefixRector::class;
+    }
+}