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Examples fix

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merge primitives stuff into shapes*.scad
move text commands to shapes3d.scad
rename common.scad
This commit is contained in:
Adrian Mariano
2021-09-16 21:50:12 -04:00
parent e6a2ee2084
commit 935a113fcf
15 changed files with 654 additions and 660 deletions
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shapes3d.scad
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@@ -8,6 +8,78 @@
// Section: Cuboids
// Function&Module: cube()
// Topics: Shapes (3D), Attachable, VNF Generators
// Usage: As Module
// cube(size, [center], ...);
// Usage: With Attachments
// cube(size, [center], ...) { attachments }
// Usage: As Function
// vnf = cube(size, [center], ...);
// See Also: cuboid(), prismoid()
// Description:
// Creates a 3D cubic object with support for anchoring and attachments.
// This can be used as a drop-in replacement for the built-in `cube()` module.
// When called as a function, returns a [VNF](vnf.scad) for a cube.
// Arguments:
// size = The size of the cube.
// center = If given, overrides `anchor`. A true value sets `anchor=CENTER`, false sets `anchor=ALLNEG`.
// ---
// anchor = Translate so anchor point is at origin (0,0,0). See [anchor](attachments.scad#anchor). Default: `CENTER`
// spin = Rotate this many degrees around the Z axis after anchor. See [spin](attachments.scad#spin). Default: `0`
// orient = Vector to rotate top towards, after spin. See [orient](attachments.scad#orient). Default: `UP`
// Example: Simple cube.
// cube(40);
// Example: Rectangular cube.
// cube([20,40,50]);
// Example: Anchoring.
// cube([20,40,50], anchor=BOTTOM+FRONT);
// Example: Spin.
// cube([20,40,50], anchor=BOTTOM+FRONT, spin=30);
// Example: Orientation.
// cube([20,40,50], anchor=BOTTOM+FRONT, spin=30, orient=FWD);
// Example: Standard Connectors.
// cube(40, center=true) show_anchors();
// Example: Called as Function
// vnf = cube([20,40,50]);
// vnf_polyhedron(vnf);
module cube(size=1, center, anchor, spin=0, orient=UP)
{
anchor = get_anchor(anchor, center, ALLNEG, ALLNEG);
size = scalar_vec3(size);
attachable(anchor,spin,orient, size=size) {
if (size.z > 0) {
linear_extrude(height=size.z, center=true, convexity=2) {
square([size.x,size.y], center=true);
}
}
children();
}
}
function cube(size=1, center, anchor, spin=0, orient=UP) =
let(
siz = scalar_vec3(size),
anchor = get_anchor(anchor, center, ALLNEG, ALLNEG),
unscaled = [
[-1,-1,-1],[1,-1,-1],[1,1,-1],[-1,1,-1],
[-1,-1, 1],[1,-1, 1],[1,1, 1],[-1,1, 1],
]/2,
verts = is_num(size)? unscaled * size :
is_vector(size,3)? [for (p=unscaled) v_mul(p,size)] :
assert(is_num(size) || is_vector(size,3)),
faces = [
[0,1,2], [0,2,3], //BOTTOM
[0,4,5], [0,5,1], //FRONT
[1,5,6], [1,6,2], //RIGHT
[2,6,7], [2,7,3], //BACK
[3,7,4], [3,4,0], //LEFT
[6,4,7], [6,5,4] //TOP
]
) [reorient(anchor,spin,orient, size=siz, p=verts), faces];
// Module: cuboid()
//
// Usage: Standard Cubes
@@ -807,6 +879,105 @@ function right_triangle(size=[1,1,1], center, anchor, spin=0, orient=UP) =
// Section: Cylindroids
// Function&Module: cylinder()
// Topics: Shapes (3D), Attachable, VNF Generators
// Usage: As Module
// cylinder(h, r=/d=, [center=], ...);
// cylinder(h, r1/d1=, r2/d2=, [center=], ...);
// Usage: With Attachments
// cylinder(h, r=/d=, [center=]) {attachments}
// Usage: As Function
// vnf = cylinder(h, r=/d=, [center=], ...);
// vnf = cylinder(h, r1/d1=, r2/d2=, [center=], ...);
// See Also: cyl()
// Description:
// Creates a 3D cylinder or conic object with support for anchoring and attachments.
// This can be used as a drop-in replacement for the built-in `cylinder()` module.
// When called as a function, returns a [VNF](vnf.scad) for a cylinder.
// Arguments:
// l / h = The height of the cylinder.
// r1 = The bottom radius of the cylinder. (Before orientation.)
// r2 = The top radius of the cylinder. (Before orientation.)
// center = If given, overrides `anchor`. A true value sets `anchor=CENTER`, false sets `anchor=BOTTOM`.
// ---
// d1 = The bottom diameter of the cylinder. (Before orientation.)
// d2 = The top diameter of the cylinder. (Before orientation.)
// r = The radius of the cylinder.
// d = The diameter of the cylinder.
// anchor = Translate so anchor point is at origin (0,0,0). See [anchor](attachments.scad#anchor). Default: `CENTER`
// spin = Rotate this many degrees around the Z axis after anchor. See [spin](attachments.scad#spin). Default: `0`
// orient = Vector to rotate top towards, after spin. See [orient](attachments.scad#orient). Default: `UP`
// Example: By Radius
// xdistribute(30) {
// cylinder(h=40, r=10);
// cylinder(h=40, r1=10, r2=5);
// }
// Example: By Diameter
// xdistribute(30) {
// cylinder(h=40, d=25);
// cylinder(h=40, d1=25, d2=10);
// }
// Example(Med): Anchoring
// cylinder(h=40, r1=10, r2=5, anchor=BOTTOM+FRONT);
// Example(Med): Spin
// cylinder(h=40, r1=10, r2=5, anchor=BOTTOM+FRONT, spin=45);
// Example(Med): Orient
// cylinder(h=40, r1=10, r2=5, anchor=BOTTOM+FRONT, spin=45, orient=FWD);
// Example(Big): Standard Connectors
// xdistribute(40) {
// cylinder(h=30, d=25) show_anchors();
// cylinder(h=30, d1=25, d2=10) show_anchors();
// }
module cylinder(h, r1, r2, center, l, r, d, d1, d2, anchor, spin=0, orient=UP)
{
anchor = get_anchor(anchor, center, BOTTOM, BOTTOM);
r1 = get_radius(r1=r1, r=r, d1=d1, d=d, dflt=1);
r2 = get_radius(r1=r2, r=r, d1=d2, d=d, dflt=1);
l = first_defined([h, l, 1]);
sides = segs(max(r1,r2));
attachable(anchor,spin,orient, r1=r1, r2=r2, l=l) {
if (r1 > r2) {
if (l > 0) {
linear_extrude(height=l, center=true, convexity=2, scale=r2/r1) {
circle(r=r1);
}
}
} else {
zflip() {
if (l > 0) {
linear_extrude(height=l, center=true, convexity=2, scale=r1/r2) {
circle(r=r2);
}
}
}
}
children();
}
}
function cylinder(h, r1, r2, center, l, r, d, d1, d2, anchor, spin=0, orient=UP) =
let(
anchor = get_anchor(anchor, center, BOTTOM, BOTTOM),
r1 = get_radius(r1=r1, r=r, d1=d1, d=d, dflt=1),
r2 = get_radius(r1=r2, r=r, d1=d2, d=d, dflt=1),
l = first_defined([h, l, 1]),
sides = segs(max(r1,r2)),
verts = [
for (i=[0:1:sides-1]) let(a=360*(1-i/sides)) [r1*cos(a),r1*sin(a),-l/2],
for (i=[0:1:sides-1]) let(a=360*(1-i/sides)) [r2*cos(a),r2*sin(a), l/2],
],
faces = [
[for (i=[0:1:sides-1]) sides-1-i],
for (i=[0:1:sides-1]) [i, ((i+1)%sides)+sides, i+sides],
for (i=[0:1:sides-1]) [i, (i+1)%sides, ((i+1)%sides)+sides],
[for (i=[0:1:sides-1]) sides+i]
]
) [reorient(anchor,spin,orient, l=l, r1=r1, r2=r2, p=verts), faces];
// Module: cyl()
//
// Description:
@@ -1331,6 +1502,61 @@ module torus(
// Section: Spheroid
// Function&Module: sphere()
// Topics: Shapes (3D), Attachable, VNF Generators
// Usage: As Module
// sphere(r|d=, [circum=], [style=], ...);
// Usage: With Attachments
// sphere(r|d=, ...) { attachments }
// Usage: As Function
// vnf = sphere(r|d=, [circum=], [style=], ...);
// See Also: spheroid()
// Description:
// Creates a sphere object, with support for anchoring and attachments.
// This is a drop-in replacement for the built-in `sphere()` module.
// When called as a function, returns a [VNF](vnf.scad) for a sphere.
// Arguments:
// r = Radius of the sphere.
// ---
// d = Diameter of the sphere.
// circum = If true, the sphere is made large enough to circumscribe the sphere of the ideal side. Otherwise inscribes. Default: false (inscribes)
// style = The style of the sphere's construction. One of "orig", "aligned", "stagger", "octa", or "icosa". Default: "orig"
// anchor = Translate so anchor point is at origin (0,0,0). See [anchor](attachments.scad#anchor). Default: `CENTER`
// spin = Rotate this many degrees around the Z axis after anchor. See [spin](attachments.scad#spin). Default: `0`
// orient = Vector to rotate top towards, after spin. See [orient](attachments.scad#orient). Default: `UP`
// Example: By Radius
// sphere(r=50);
// Example: By Diameter
// sphere(d=100);
// Example: style="orig"
// sphere(d=100, style="orig", $fn=10);
// Example: style="aligned"
// sphere(d=100, style="aligned", $fn=10);
// Example: style="stagger"
// sphere(d=100, style="stagger", $fn=10);
// Example: style="icosa"
// sphere(d=100, style="icosa", $fn=10);
// // In "icosa" style, $fn is quantized
// // to the nearest multiple of 5.
// Example: Anchoring
// sphere(d=100, anchor=FRONT);
// Example: Spin
// sphere(d=100, anchor=FRONT, spin=45);
// Example: Orientation
// sphere(d=100, anchor=FRONT, spin=45, orient=FWD);
// Example: Standard Connectors
// sphere(d=50) show_anchors();
// Example: Called as Function
// vnf = sphere(d=100, style="icosa");
// vnf_polyhedron(vnf);
module sphere(r, d, circum=false, style="orig", anchor=CENTER, spin=0, orient=UP)
spheroid(r=r, d=d, circum=circum, style=style, anchor=anchor, spin=spin, orient=orient) children();
function sphere(r, d, circum=false, style="orig", anchor=CENTER, spin=0, orient=UP) =
spheroid(r=r, d=d, circum=circum, style=style, anchor=anchor, spin=spin, orient=orient);
// Function&Module: spheroid()
// Usage: Typical
// spheroid(r|d, [circum], [style]);
@@ -1697,6 +1923,273 @@ module onion(r, ang=45, cap_h, d, anchor=CENTER, spin=0, orient=UP)
}
// Section: Text
// Module: atext()
// Topics: Attachments, Text
// Usage:
// atext(text, [h], [size], [font]);
// Description:
// Creates a 3D text block that can be attached to other attachable objects.
// NOTE: This cannot have children attached to it.
// Arguments:
// text = The text string to instantiate as an object.
// h = The height to which the text should be extruded. Default: 1
// size = The font size used to create the text block. Default: 10
// font = The name of the font used to create the text block. Default: "Courier"
// ---
// anchor = Translate so anchor point is at origin (0,0,0). See [anchor](attachments.scad#anchor). Default: `"baseline"`
// spin = Rotate this many degrees around the Z axis. See [spin](attachments.scad#spin). Default: `0`
// orient = Vector to rotate top towards. See [orient](attachments.scad#orient). Default: `UP`
// See Also: attachable()
// Extra Anchors:
// "baseline" = Anchors at the baseline of the text, at the start of the string.
// str("baseline",VECTOR) = Anchors at the baseline of the text, modified by the X and Z components of the appended vector.
// Examples:
// atext("Foobar", h=3, size=10);
// atext("Foobar", h=2, size=12, font="Helvetica");
// atext("Foobar", h=2, anchor=CENTER);
// atext("Foobar", h=2, anchor=str("baseline",CENTER));
// atext("Foobar", h=2, anchor=str("baseline",BOTTOM+RIGHT));
// Example: Using line_of() distributor
// txt = "This is the string.";
// line_of(spacing=[10,-5],n=len(txt))
// atext(txt[$idx], size=10, anchor=CENTER);
// Example: Using arc_of() distributor
// txt = "This is the string";
// arc_of(r=50, n=len(txt), sa=0, ea=180)
// atext(select(txt,-1-$idx), size=10, anchor=str("baseline",CENTER), spin=-90);
module atext(text, h=1, size=9, font="Courier", anchor="baseline", spin=0, orient=UP) {
no_children($children);
dummy1 =
assert(is_undef(anchor) || is_vector(anchor) || is_string(anchor), str("Got: ",anchor))
assert(is_undef(spin) || is_vector(spin,3) || is_num(spin), str("Got: ",spin))
assert(is_undef(orient) || is_vector(orient,3), str("Got: ",orient));
anchor = default(anchor, CENTER);
spin = default(spin, 0);
orient = default(orient, UP);
geom = _attach_geom(size=[size,size,h]);
anch = !any([for (c=anchor) c=="["])? anchor :
let(
parts = str_split(str_split(str_split(anchor,"]")[0],"[")[1],","),
vec = [for (p=parts) str_float(str_strip_leading(p," "))]
) vec;
ha = anchor=="baseline"? "left" :
anchor==anch && is_string(anchor)? "center" :
anch.x<0? "left" :
anch.x>0? "right" :
"center";
va = starts_with(anchor,"baseline")? "baseline" :
anchor==anch && is_string(anchor)? "center" :
anch.y<0? "bottom" :
anch.y>0? "top" :
"center";
base = anchor=="baseline"? CENTER :
anchor==anch && is_string(anchor)? CENTER :
anch.z<0? BOTTOM :
anch.z>0? TOP :
CENTER;
m = _attach_transform(base,spin,orient,geom);
multmatrix(m) {
$parent_anchor = anchor;
$parent_spin = spin;
$parent_orient = orient;
$parent_geom = geom;
$parent_size = _attach_geom_size(geom);
$attach_to = undef;
do_show = _attachment_is_shown($tags);
if (do_show) {
if (is_undef($color)) {
linear_extrude(height=h, center=true)
text(text=text, size=size, halign=ha, valign=va, font=font);
} else color($color) {
$color = undef;
linear_extrude(height=h, center=true)
text(text=text, size=size, halign=ha, valign=va, font=font);
}
}
}
}
function _cut_interp(pathcut, path, data) =
[for(entry=pathcut)
let(
a = path[entry[1]-1],
b = path[entry[1]],
c = entry[0],
i = max_index(v_abs(b-a)),
factor = (c[i]-a[i])/(b[i]-a[i])
)
(1-factor)*data[entry[1]-1]+ factor * data[entry[1]]
];
// Module: path_text()
// Usage:
// path_text(path, text, [size], [thickness], [font], [lettersize], [offset], [reverse], [normal], [top], [textmetrics])
// Description:
// Place the text letter by letter onto the specified path using textmetrics (if available and requested)
// or user specified letter spacing. The path can be 2D or 3D. In 2D the text appears along the path with letters upright
// as determined by the path direction. In 3D by default letters are positioned on the tangent line to the path with the path normal
// pointing toward the reader. The path normal points away from the center of curvature (the opposite of the normal produced
// by path_normals()). Note that this means that if the center of curvature switches sides the text will flip upside down.
// If you want text on such a path you must supply your own normal or top vector.
// .
// Text appears starting at the beginning of the path, so if the 3D path moves right to left
// then a left-to-right reading language will display in the wrong order. (For a 2D path text will appear upside down.)
// The text for a 3D path appears positioned to be read from "outside" of the curve (from a point on the other side of the
// curve from the center of curvature). If you need the text to read properly from the inside, you can set reverse to
// true to flip the text, or supply your own normal.
// .
// If you do not have the experimental textmetrics feature enabled then you must specify the space for the letters
// using lettersize, which can be a scalar or array. You will have the easiest time getting good results by using
// a monospace font such as Courier. Note that even with text metrics, spacing may be different because path_text()
// doesn't do kerning to adjust positions of individual glyphs. Also if your font has ligatures they won't be used.
// .
// By default letters appear centered on the path. The offset can be specified to shift letters toward the reader (in
// the direction of the normal).
// .
// You can specify your own normal by setting `normal` to a direction or a list of directions. Your normal vector should
// point toward the reader. You can also specify
// top, which directs the top of the letters in a desired direction. If you specify your own directions and they
// are not perpendicular to the path then the direction you specify will take priority and the
// letters will not rest on the tangent line of the path. Note that the normal or top directions that you
// specify must not be parallel to the path.
// Arguments:
// path = path to place the text on
// text = text to create
// size = font size
// thickness = thickness of letters (not allowed for 2D path)
// font = font to use
// ---
// lettersize = scalar or array giving size of letters
// offset = distance to shift letters "up" (towards the reader). Not allowed for 2D path. Default: 0
// normal = direction or list of directions pointing towards the reader of the text. Not allowed for 2D path.
// top = direction or list of directions pointing toward the top of the text
// reverse = reverse the letters if true. Not allowed for 2D path. Default: false
// textmetrics = if set to true and lettersize is not given then use the experimental textmetrics feature. You must be running a dev snapshot that includes this feature and have the feature turned on in your preferences. Default: false
// Example: The examples use Courier, a monospaced font. The width is 1/1.2 times the specified size for this font. This text could wrap around a cylinder.
// path = path3d(arc(100, r=25, angle=[245, 370]));
// color("red")stroke(path, width=.3);
// path_text(path, "Example text", font="Courier", size=5, lettersize = 5/1.2);
// Example: By setting the normal to UP we can get text that lies flat, for writing around the edge of a disk:
// path = path3d(arc(100, r=25, angle=[245, 370]));
// color("red")stroke(path, width=.3);
// path_text(path, "Example text", font="Courier", size=5, lettersize = 5/1.2, normal=UP);
// Example: If we want text that reads from the other side we can use reverse. Note we have to reverse the direction of the path and also set the reverse option.
// path = reverse(path3d(arc(100, r=25, angle=[65, 190])));
// color("red")stroke(path, width=.3);
// path_text(path, "Example text", font="Courier", size=5, lettersize = 5/1.2, reverse=true);
// Example: text debossed onto a cylinder in a spiral. The text is 1 unit deep because it is half in, half out.
// text = ("A long text example to wrap around a cylinder, possibly for a few times.");
// L = 5*len(text);
// maxang = 360*L/(PI*50);
// spiral = [for(a=[0:1:maxang]) [25*cos(a), 25*sin(a), 10-30/maxang*a]];
// difference(){
// cyl(d=50, l=50, $fn=120);
// path_text(spiral, text, size=5, lettersize=5/1.2, font="Courier", thickness=2);
// }
// Example: Same example but text embossed. Make sure you have enough depth for the letters to fully overlap the object.
// text = ("A long text example to wrap around a cylinder, possibly for a few times.");
// L = 5*len(text);
// maxang = 360*L/(PI*50);
// spiral = [for(a=[0:1:maxang]) [25*cos(a), 25*sin(a), 10-30/maxang*a]];
// cyl(d=50, l=50, $fn=120);
// path_text(spiral, text, size=5, lettersize=5/1.2, font="Courier", thickness=2);
// Example: Here the text baseline sits on the path. (Note the default orientation makes text readable from below, so we specify the normal.)
// path = arc(100, points = [[-20, 0, 20], [0,0,5], [20,0,20]]);
// color("red")stroke(path,width=.2);
// path_text(path, "Example Text", size=5, lettersize=5/1.2, font="Courier", normal=FRONT);
// Example: If we use top to orient the text upward, the text baseline is no longer aligned with the path.
// path = arc(100, points = [[-20, 0, 20], [0,0,5], [20,0,20]]);
// color("red")stroke(path,width=.2);
// path_text(path, "Example Text", size=5, lettersize=5/1.2, font="Courier", top=UP);
// Example: This sine wave wrapped around the cylinder has a twisting normal that produces wild letter layout. We fix it with a custom normal which is different at every path point.
// path = [for(theta = [0:360]) [25*cos(theta), 25*sin(theta), 4*cos(theta*4)]];
// normal = [for(theta = [0:360]) [cos(theta), sin(theta),0]];
// zrot(-120)
// difference(){
// cyl(r=25, h=20, $fn=120);
// path_text(path, "A sine wave wiggles", font="Courier", lettersize=5/1.2, size=5, normal=normal);
// }
// Example: The path center of curvature changes, and the text flips.
// path = zrot(-120,p=path3d( concat(arc(100, r=25, angle=[0,90]), back(50,p=arc(100, r=25, angle=[268, 180])))));
// color("red")stroke(path,width=.2);
// path_text(path, "A shorter example", size=5, lettersize=5/1.2, font="Courier", thickness=2);
// Example: We can fix it with top:
// path = zrot(-120,p=path3d( concat(arc(100, r=25, angle=[0,90]), back(50,p=arc(100, r=25, angle=[268, 180])))));
// color("red")stroke(path,width=.2);
// path_text(path, "A shorter example", size=5, lettersize=5/1.2, font="Courier", thickness=2, top=UP);
// Example(2D): With a 2D path instead of 3D there's no ambiguity about direction and it works by default:
// path = zrot(-120,p=concat(arc(100, r=25, angle=[0,90]), back(50,p=arc(100, r=25, angle=[268, 180]))));
// color("red")stroke(path,width=.2);
// path_text(path, "A shorter example", size=5, lettersize=5/1.2, font="Courier");
module path_text(path, text, font, size, thickness, lettersize, offset=0, reverse=false, normal, top, textmetrics=false)
{
dummy2=assert(is_path(path,[2,3]),"Must supply a 2d or 3d path")
assert(num_defined([normal,top])<=1, "Cannot define both \"normal\" and \"top\"");
dim = len(path[0]);
normalok = is_undef(normal) || is_vector(normal,3) || (is_path(normal,3) && len(normal)==len(path));
topok = is_undef(top) || is_vector(top,dim) || (dim==2 && is_vector(top,3) && top[2]==0)
|| (is_path(top,dim) && len(top)==len(path));
dummy4 = assert(dim==3 || is_undef(thickness), "Cannot give a thickness with 2d path")
assert(dim==3 || !reverse, "Reverse not allowed with 2d path")
assert(dim==3 || offset==0, "Cannot give offset with 2d path")
assert(dim==3 || is_undef(normal), "Cannot define \"normal\" for a 2d path, only \"top\"")
assert(normalok,"\"normal\" must be a vector or path compatible with the given path")
assert(topok,"\"top\" must be a vector or path compatible with the given path");
thickness = first_defined([thickness,1]);
normal = is_vector(normal) ? repeat(normal, len(path))
: is_def(normal) ? normal
: undef;
top = is_vector(top) ? repeat(dim==2?point2d(top):top, len(path))
: is_def(top) ? top
: undef;
lsize = is_def(lettersize) ? force_list(lettersize, len(text))
: textmetrics ? [for(letter=text) let(t=textmetrics(letter, font=font, size=size)) t.advance[0]]
: assert(false, "textmetrics disabled: Must specify letter size");
dummy1 = assert(sum(lsize)<=path_length(path),"Path is too short for the text");
pts = path_cut_points(path, add_scalar([0, each cumsum(lsize)],lsize[0]/2), direction=true);
usernorm = is_def(normal);
usetop = is_def(top);
normpts = is_undef(normal) ? (reverse?1:-1)*subindex(pts,3) : _cut_interp(pts,path, normal);
toppts = is_undef(top) ? undef : _cut_interp(pts,path,top);
for(i=idx(text))
let( tangent = pts[i][2] )
assert(!usetop || !approx(tangent*toppts[i],norm(top[i])*norm(tangent)),
str("Specified top direction parallel to path at character ",i))
assert(usetop || !approx(tangent*normpts[i],norm(normpts[i])*norm(tangent)),
str("Specified normal direction parallel to path at character ",i))
let(
adjustment = usetop ? (tangent*toppts[i])*toppts[i]/(toppts[i]*toppts[i])
: usernorm ? (tangent*normpts[i])*normpts[i]/(normpts[i]*normpts[i])
: [0,0,0]
)
move(pts[i][0])
if(dim==3){
frame_map(x=tangent-adjustment,
z=usetop ? undef : normpts[i],
y=usetop ? toppts[i] : undef)
up(offset-thickness/2)
linear_extrude(height=thickness)
left(lsize[0]/2)text(text[i], font=font, size=size);
} else {
frame_map(x=point3d(tangent-adjustment), y=point3d(usetop ? toppts[i] : -normpts[i]))
left(lsize[0]/2)text(text[i], font=font, size=size);
}
}
// Section: Miscellaneous