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add inset and inside to attach(), tutorial updates
This commit is contained in:
Adrian Mariano
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ right(60)cylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25) attach(BOT,BOT) anchor_arrow(30);
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```openscad-3D
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include <BOSL2/std.scad>
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prismoid([50,50],[35,35],h=50,anchor=BOT)
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attach(RIGHT,BOT) ylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25);
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attach(RIGHT,BOT) cylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25);
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```
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In this case we attach the curved side of the cone to a cube by lining
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@@ -841,7 +841,32 @@ color_this("orange")
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}
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```
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The last feature provided by the double argument form of `attach()` is
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By default, `attach()` places the child exactly flush with the surface
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of the parent. Sometimes it's useful to have the child overlap the
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parent by translating it into the parent. You can do this with the
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`overlap=` argument to `attach()`. A positive value will cause the
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child to overlap the parent, and a negative value will move the child
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away from the parent, leaving a small gap, which may be helpful when
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doing differences. In the first example we use a very large value of
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overlap so the cube is sunk deeply into the parent. In the second
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example a large negative overlap value raises the child high above the
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parent.
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```openscad-3D
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include <BOSL2/std.scad>
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cuboid(50)
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attach(TOP,BOT,overlap=15)
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color("green")cuboid(20);
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```
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```openscad-3D
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include <BOSL2/std.scad>
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cube(50,center=true)
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attach(TOP,BOT,overlap=-20)
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cyl(d=20,h=20);
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```
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Another feature provided by the double argument form of `attach()` is
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alignment, which works in a similar way to `align()`. You can specify
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`align=` to align the attached child to an edge or corner. The
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example below shows five different alignments.
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@@ -889,51 +914,92 @@ cube(30)
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}
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```
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Attachment with CENTER anchors can be surprising because the anchors
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point upwards, so in the example below, the child's CENTER anchor
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points up, so it is inverted when it is attached to the parent cone.
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Note that the anchors are CENTER anchors, so the bases of the anchors are
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hidden in the middle of the objects.
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When using the `align` option to `attach()` you can also set `inset`,
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which works the same way as the `inset` parameter to `align()`. It
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shifts the child away from the edge or edges where it is aligned by
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the specified amount.
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```openscad-3D
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include <BOSL2/std.scad>
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cylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25) attach(CENTER) anchor_arrow(40);
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right(40)cylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25) attach(CENTER) anchor_arrow(40);
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prismoid([50,50],[50,25],25){
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attach(FWD,BOT,align=TOP,inset=3) color("lavender")cuboid(5);
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attach(FWD,BOT,align=BOT+RIGHT,inset=3) color("purple")cuboid(5);
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}
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```
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The last capability provided by `attach()` is to attach the child
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**inside** the parent object. This is useful if you want to subtract
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the child from the parent. Doing this requires using tagged
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operations with `diff()` which is explained in more detail below.
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For the examples here, note that the `diff()` and `tag()` operations
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that appear cause the child to be subtracted. We return to the
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example that started this section, with anchor arrows shown on the two
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objects.
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```openscad-3D
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include <BOSL2/std.scad>
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cylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25)
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attach(CENTER,CENTER)
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cylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25);
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cube(50,anchor=BOT) attach(TOP) anchor_arrow(30);
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right(60)cylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25) attach(TOP) anchor_arrow(30);
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```
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By default, `attach()` places the child exactly flush with the surface
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of the parent. Sometimes it's useful to have the child overlap the
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parent by translating it into the parent. You can do this with the
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`overlap=` argument to `attach()`. A positive value will cause the
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child to overlap the parent, and a negative value will move the child
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away from the parent, leaving a small gap, which may be helpful when
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doing differences. In the first example we use a very large value of
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overlap so the cube is sunk deeply into the parent. In the second
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example a large negative overlap value raises the child high above the
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parent.
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Inside attachment is activated using `inside=true` and it lines up the
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anchor arrows so they point together the **same** direction instead of
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opposite directions like regular outside attachment. The result in
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this case is appears below, where we have cut away the front half to
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show the interior:
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```openscad-3D
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include <BOSL2/std.scad>
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back_half(s=200)
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diff()
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cube(50,anchor=BOT)
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attach(TOP,TOP,inside=true)
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cylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25);
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```
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The top of the cavity has a thin layer on it, which occurs because the
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two objects share a face in the difference. To fix this you can use
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the `shiftout` parameter to `attach()`. In this case you could also
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use a negative `overlay` value, but the `shiftout` parameter shifts
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out in every direction that is needed, which may be three directions
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if you align the child at a corner. The above example looks like this
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with with the shift added:
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```openscad-3D
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include <BOSL2/std.scad>
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back_half(s=200)
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diff()
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cube(50,anchor=BOT)
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attach(TOP,TOP,inside=true,shiftout=0.01)
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cylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25);
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```
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Here is an example of connecting the same object on the right, but
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this time with the BOTTOM anchor. Note how the BOTTOM anchor is
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aligned to the RIGHT so it is parallel and pointing in the same
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direction as the RIGHT anchor.
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```openscad-3D
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include <BOSL2/std.scad>
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back_half(s=200)
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diff()
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cuboid(50)
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attach(TOP,BOT,overlap=15)
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color("green")cuboid(20);
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attach(RIGHT,BOT,inside=true,shiftout=0.01)
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cylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25);
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```
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Here is an example where alignment moves the object into the corner,
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and we benefit from shiftout providing 3 dimensions of adjustment:
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```openscad-3D
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include <BOSL2/std.scad>
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cube(50,center=true)
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attach(TOP,BOT,overlap=-20)
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cyl(d=20,h=20);
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diff()
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cuboid(10)
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attach(TOP,TOP,align=RIGHT+FWD,inside=true,shiftout=.01)
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cuboid([2,5,9]);
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```
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As with `position()`, you can still apply your own translations and
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As with `position()`, with any use of `attach()` you can still apply your own translations and
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other transformations even after attaching an object. However, the
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order of operations now matters. If you apply a translation outside
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of the anchor then it acts in the parent's global coordinate system, so the
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@@ -966,6 +1032,24 @@ cuboid(50){
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}
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```
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Attachment with CENTER anchors can be surprising because the anchors
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point upwards, so in the example below, the child's CENTER anchor
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points up, so it is inverted when it is attached to the parent cone.
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Note that the anchors are CENTER anchors, so the bases of the anchors are
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hidden in the middle of the objects.
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```openscad-3D
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include <BOSL2/std.scad>
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cylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25) attach(CENTER) anchor_arrow(40);
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right(40)cylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25) attach(CENTER) anchor_arrow(40);
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```
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```openscad-3D
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include <BOSL2/std.scad>
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cylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25)
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attach(CENTER,CENTER)
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cylinder(d1=30,d2=15,h=25);
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```
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## Parent Anchor Attachment (Single Argument Attachment)
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