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383 lines
8.1 KiB
Markdown
383 lines
8.1 KiB
Markdown
# You Don't Need GUI
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[](https://spectrum.chat/you-dont-need/GUI)
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<details>
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It's for noobs :)
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</details>
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<br />
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Graphical user interfaces are super friendly to computer users. They were introduced in reaction to the perceived steep learning curve of command-line interfaces (CLIs).
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However, they often require more resources, are less powerful and hard to automate via scripting.
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As a computer expert, we want to be more efficient and do our jobs better. We know that command words may not be easily discoverable or mnemonic, so we try to list some common tasks that you might be tempted to do in GUI.
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## Quick links
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1. [copy a file](#copy-a-file)
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1. [duplicate a file](#duplicate-a-file)
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1. [copy a folder](#copy-a-folder)
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1. [duplicate a folder](#duplicate-a-folder)
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1. [move a file](#move-a-file)
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1. [rename a file](#rename-a-file)
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1. [move a folder](#move-a-folder)
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1. [rename a folder](#rename-a-folder)
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1. [merge folders](#merge-folders)
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1. [create a new file](#create-a-new-file)
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1. [create a new folder](#create-a-new-folder)
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1. [show file/folder size](#show-filefolder-size)
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1. [show file/folder info](#show-filefolder-info)
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1. [open a file with the default program](#open-a-file-with-the-default-program)
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1. [zip a folder](#zip-a-folder)
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1. [unzip a folder](#unzip-a-folder)
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1. [peek files in a zip file](#peek-files-in-a-zip-file)
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1. [remove a file](#remove-a-file)
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1. [remove a folder](#remove-a-folder)
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1. [list folder contents](#list-folder-contents)
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1. [tree view a folder and its subfolders](#tree-view-a-folder-and-its-subfolders)
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1. [find a stale file](#find-a-stale-file)
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1. [show a calendar](#show-a-calendar)
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1. [find a future date](#find-a-future-date)
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1. [use a calculator](#use-a-calculator)
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1. [force quit a program](#force-quit-a-program)
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1. [check server response](#check-server-response)
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1. [view content of a file](#view-content-of-a-file)
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1. [search for a text](#search-for-a-text)
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1. [view an image](#view-an-image)
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1. [show disk size](#show-disk-size)
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1. [check performance of your computer](#check-performance-of-your-computer)
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1. [Quick tips](#quick-tips)
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1. [Hotkeys](#hotkeys)
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1. [I can't remember these cryptic commands]()
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## copy a file
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**STOP DRAG AND DROPING A FILE, OR CMD/CTRL + C, CMD/CTRL + V A FILE** :-1:
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Copy `readme.txt` to the `documents` folder
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```shell
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cp readme.txt documents/
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```
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## duplicate a file
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**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND DUPLICATE A FILE** :-1:
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```shell
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cp readme.txt readme.bak.txt
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```
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## copy a folder
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**STOP DRAG AND DROPING A FOLDER, OR CMD/CTRL + C, CMD/CTRL + V A FOLDER** :-1:
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Copy `myMusic` folder to the `myMedia` folder
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```shell
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cp -a myMusic myMedia/
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# or
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cp -a myMusic/ myMedia/myMusic/
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```
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## duplicate a folder
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**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND DUPLICATE A FOLDER** :-1:
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```shell
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cp -a myMusic/ myMedia/
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# or if `myMedia` folder doesn't exist
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cp -a myMusic myMedia/
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```
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## move a file
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**STOP DRAG AND DROPING A FILE, OR CMD/CTRL + X, CMD/CTRL + V A FILE** :-1:
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```shell
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mv readme.txt documents/
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```
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**Always** use a trailing slash when moving files, [for this reason](http://unix.stackexchange.com/a/50533).
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## rename a file
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**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND RENAME A FILE** :-1:
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```shell
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mv readme.txt README.md
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```
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## move a folder
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**STOP DRAG AND DROPING A FOLDER, OR CMD/CTRL + X, CMD/CTRL + V A FOLDER** :-1:
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```shell
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mv myMedia myMusic/
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# or
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mv myMedia/ myMusic/myMedia
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```
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## rename a folder
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**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND RENAME A FOLDER** :-1:
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```shell
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mv myMedia/ myMusic/
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```
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## merge folders
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**STOP DRAG AND DROPING TO MERGE FOLDERS** :-1:
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```shell
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rsync -a /images/ /images2/
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```
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## create a new file
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**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND CREATE A NEW FILE** :-1:
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```shell
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touch 'new file' # updates the file's access and modification timestamp if it already exists
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# or
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> 'new file' # erase the content if it already exists
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```
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## create a new folder
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**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND CREATE A NEW FOLDER** :-1:
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```shell
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mkdir 'untitled folder'
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# or
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mkdir -p 'path/may/not/exist/untitled folder'
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```
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## show file/folder size
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**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND SHOW FILE/FOLDER INFO** :-1:
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```shell
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du -sh node_modules/
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```
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## show file/folder info
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**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND SHOW FILE/FOLDER INFO** :-1:
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```shell
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stat -x readme.md
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```
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## open a file with the default program
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**STOP DOUBLE CLICKING ON A FILE** :-1:
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```shell
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xdg-open file # on Linux
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open file # on MacOS
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```
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## zip a folder
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**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND COMPRESS FOLDER** :-1:
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```shell
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zip -r archive_name.zip folder_to_compress
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```
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## unzip a folder
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**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND UNCOMPRESS FOLDER** :-1:
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```shell
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unzip archive_name.zip
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```
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## peek files in a zip file
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**STOP USING WinRAR** :-1:
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```shell
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zipinfo archive_name.zip
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# or
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unzip -l archive_name.zip
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```
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## remove a file
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**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND DELETE A FILE PERMANENTLY** :-1:
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```shell
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rm my_useless_file
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```
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IMPORTANT: The rm command deletes my_useless_file permanently, which is equivalent to move my_useless_file to Recycle Bin and hit Empty Recycle Bin.
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## remove a folder
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**STOP RIGHT CLICKING AND DELETE A FOLDER PERMANENTLY** :-1:
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```shell
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rm -r my_useless_folder
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```
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## list folder contents
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**STOP OPENING YOUR FINDER OR FILE EXPLORER** :-1:
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```shell
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ls -la my_folder
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```
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## tree view a folder and its subfolders
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**STOP OPENING YOUR FINDER OR FILE EXPLORER** :-1:
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```shell
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tree # on Linux
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find . -print | sed -e 's;[^/]*/;|____;g;s;____|; |;g' # on MacOS
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```
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## find a stale file
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**STOP USING YOUR FILE EXPLORER TO FIND A FILE** :-1:
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Find all files modified more than 5 days ago
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```shell
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find my_folder -mtime +5
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```
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## show a calendar
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**STOP LOOKING UP WHAT THIS MONTH LOOKS LIKE BY CALENDAR WIDGETS** :-1:
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Display a text calendar
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```shell
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cal
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```
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Display selected month and year calendar
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```shell
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cal 11 2018
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```
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## find a future date
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**STOP USING WEBAPPS TO CALCULATE FUTURE DATES** :-1:
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What is todays date?
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```shell
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date +%m/%d/%Y
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```
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What about a week from now?
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```shell
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date -d "+7 days" # on Linux
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date -j -v+7d # on MacOS
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```
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## use a calculator
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**STOP USING CALCULATOR WIDGET** :-1:
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```shell
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bc
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```
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## force quit a program
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**STOP CTRL + ALT + DELETE and choose the program to kill** :-1:
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```shell
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killall program_name
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```
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## check server response
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**STOP OPENING A BROWSER** :-1:
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```shell
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ping umair.surge.sh
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```
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## view content of a file
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**STOP DOUBLE CLICKING A FILE** :-1:
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```shell
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cat apps/settings.py
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```
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## search for a text
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**STOP CMD/CTRL + F IN A FOLDER** :-1:
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```shell
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grep -ir "Query" file.txt
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```
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## view an image
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**STOP USING PREVIEW** :-1:
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```shell
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imgcat image.png
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```
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## show disk size
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**STOP RIGHT CLICKING DISK ICON OR OPENING DISK UTILITY** :-1:
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```shell
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df -h
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```
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## check performance of your computer
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**STOP OPENING YOUR ACTIVITY MONITOR OR TASK MANAGER** :-1:
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```shell
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top
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```
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## Quick tips
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## Hotkeys
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```
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Ctrl + A Go to the beginning of the line you are currently typing on
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Ctrl + E Go to the end of the line you are currently typing on
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Ctrl + L Clears the Screen, similar to the clear command
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Ctrl + U Clears the line before the cursor position. If you are at the end of the line, clears the entire line.
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Ctrl + H Same as backspace
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Ctrl + R Let’s you search through previously used commands
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Ctrl + C Kill whatever you are running
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Ctrl + D Exit the current shell
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Ctrl + Z Puts whatever you are running into a suspended background process. fg restores it.
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Ctrl + W Delete the word before the cursor
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Ctrl + K Clear the line after the cursor
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Ctrl + T Swap the last two characters before the cursor
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Esc + T Swap the last two words before the cursor
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Alt + F Move cursor forward one word on the current line
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Alt + B Move cursor backward one word on the current line
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Tab Auto-complete files and folder names
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```
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## I can't remember these cryptic commands
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You can always google or `man` the commands you are not familiar with. Or, checkout [tldr](https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr), a collection of simplified and community-driven man pages.
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