Merge pull request #42 from restoreddev/HttpServerChapter

Http server chapter

assets/css/site.css

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ button {
 }
 code {
     background-color: #F0F0F0;
-    font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", monospace;
+    font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Noto Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", monospace !important;
     font-size: 14px;
     padding: 0.10em 0.25em;
 }
 pre, pre code {
     background-color: transparent;
-    font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", monospace;
+    font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Noto Mono", "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", monospace !important;
     font-size: 14px;
     margin: 0 !important;
     border-radius: 0 !important;

assets/templates/_table_of_contents.phtml

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
     <ol>
         <li><a href="<?= page_path('web/http') ?>">HTTP</a></li>
         <li><a href="<?= page_path('web/http-post') ?>">HTTP POST</a></li>
+        <li><a href="<?= page_path('web/http-server') ?>">PHP HTTP Server</a></li>
     </ol>
 
     <a href="<?= page_path('credits') ?>">Credits</a>

chapters/web/02-http-post.md

@@ -32,5 +32,3 @@ POST requests are used to send data to a server. A server will process the data
 We have been talking a lot about how a server can process requests and send responses. How do programmers develop a server to handle HTTP requests? With PHP!
 
 PHP was built with web server development in mind. Let us write our first PHP server script.
-
-

chapters/web/03-http-server.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+In PHP, you usually use a separate web server program that accepts HTTP requests and passes them to PHP to create a response. Common examples of separate web server programs are Apache and Nginx. However, PHP has a built in web server we can use during development.
+
+To use the development web server, open a terminal and a new folder for holding your code. Create a file called `index.php` and put this PHP code in it:
+```php
+<?php
+
+echo 'Hello World!';
+```
+Go back to your terminal and start a PHP web server using this command:
+```bash
+php -S localhost:8080
+```
+Now, you can open `localhost:8080` in your web browser and you will see 'Hello World!' in the content of the page.
+
+Next, we can use PHP to analyze all the information about the HTTP request sent from the browser to your PHP script. Change your `index.php` to have this code:
+```php
+<?php
+
+$method = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];
+$uri = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
+$protocol = $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'];
+$headers = getallheaders();
+
+echo "$method $uri $protocol <br/>";
+foreach ($headers as $key => $header) {
+    echo "$key: $header <br/>";
+}
+```
+Reload `localhost:8080` and you will see the main request line and all of the headers printed on the web page. The `<br/>` tag is HTML for a new line. Since we are outputting to a web browser, we can no longer use `"\n"` to create a new line.
+
+By default, PHP will generate the necessary response line and headers. If you open your browser console and open the network tab, you can see the response code and headers.
+```http
+HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+Host: localhost:8080
+Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2019 10:19:25 -0500
+Connection: close
+X-Powered-By: PHP/7.2.17
+Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
+```
+PHP set the response code to `200 OK` and the content type to `text/html`. Even though PHP will output good defaults, we can change them in our code if we want. Update your `index.php` file with this code:
+```php
+<?php
+
+http_response_code(404);
+header('Content-Type: text/plain');
+
+echo "Not Found!";
+```
+We are changing the status code to `404 Not Found` and the content type to plain text. If you open `localhost:8080` in your browser, you will now see this HTTP response in your console:
+```http
+HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
+Host: localhost:8080
+Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2019 10:26:40 -0500
+Connection: close
+X-Powered-By: PHP/7.2.17
+Content-type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8
+```
+PHP added the other necessary headers for the response, but this time used `404` in the main response line and set the `Content-type` header to `text/plain`.

config.php

@@ -165,6 +165,12 @@ return [
             'title' => 'HTTP POST',
             'subtitle' => 'Sending data to a server',
             'previous' => 'web/http',
+            'next' => 'web/http-server',
+        ]),
+        Page::create('web/http-server', 'web/03-http-server.md', [
+            'title' => 'PHP HTTP Server',
+            'subtitle' => 'Handling HTTP Requests in PHP',
+            'previous' => 'web/http-post',
             'next' => '',
         ]),
     ],

package-lock.json

@@ -3895,7 +3895,8 @@
         "ansi-regex": {
           "version": "2.1.1",
           "bundled": true,
-          "dev": true
+          "dev": true,
+          "optional": true
         },
         "aproba": {
           "version": "1.2.0",
@@ -3916,12 +3917,14 @@
         "balanced-match": {
           "version": "1.0.0",
           "bundled": true,
-          "dev": true
+          "dev": true,
+          "optional": true
         },
         "brace-expansion": {
           "version": "1.1.11",
           "bundled": true,
           "dev": true,
+          "optional": true,
           "requires": {
             "balanced-match": "^1.0.0",
             "concat-map": "0.0.1"
@@ -3936,17 +3939,20 @@
         "code-point-at": {
           "version": "1.1.0",
           "bundled": true,
-          "dev": true
+          "dev": true,
+          "optional": true
         },
         "concat-map": {
           "version": "0.0.1",
           "bundled": true,
-          "dev": true
+          "dev": true,
+          "optional": true
         },
         "console-control-strings": {
           "version": "1.1.0",
           "bundled": true,
-          "dev": true
+          "dev": true,
+          "optional": true
         },
         "core-util-is": {
           "version": "1.0.2",
@@ -4063,7 +4069,8 @@
         "inherits": {
           "version": "2.0.3",
           "bundled": true,
-          "dev": true
+          "dev": true,
+          "optional": true
         },
         "ini": {
           "version": "1.3.5",
@@ -4075,6 +4082,7 @@
           "version": "1.0.0",
           "bundled": true,
           "dev": true,
+          "optional": true,
           "requires": {
             "number-is-nan": "^1.0.0"
           }
@@ -4089,6 +4097,7 @@
           "version": "3.0.4",
           "bundled": true,
           "dev": true,
+          "optional": true,
           "requires": {
             "brace-expansion": "^1.1.7"
           }
@@ -4096,12 +4105,14 @@
         "minimist": {
           "version": "0.0.8",
           "bundled": true,
-          "dev": true
+          "dev": true,
+          "optional": true
         },
         "minipass": {
           "version": "2.2.4",
           "bundled": true,
           "dev": true,
+          "optional": true,
           "requires": {
             "safe-buffer": "^5.1.1",
             "yallist": "^3.0.0"
@@ -4120,6 +4131,7 @@
           "version": "0.5.1",
           "bundled": true,
           "dev": true,
+          "optional": true,
           "requires": {
             "minimist": "0.0.8"
           }
@@ -4200,7 +4212,8 @@
         "number-is-nan": {
           "version": "1.0.1",
           "bundled": true,
-          "dev": true
+          "dev": true,
+          "optional": true
         },
         "object-assign": {
           "version": "4.1.1",
@@ -4212,6 +4225,7 @@
           "version": "1.4.0",
           "bundled": true,
           "dev": true,
+          "optional": true,
           "requires": {
             "wrappy": "1"
           }
@@ -4297,7 +4311,8 @@
         "safe-buffer": {
           "version": "5.1.1",
           "bundled": true,
-          "dev": true
+          "dev": true,
+          "optional": true
         },
         "safer-buffer": {
           "version": "2.1.2",
@@ -4333,6 +4348,7 @@
           "version": "1.0.2",
           "bundled": true,
           "dev": true,
+          "optional": true,
           "requires": {
             "code-point-at": "^1.0.0",
             "is-fullwidth-code-point": "^1.0.0",
@@ -4352,6 +4368,7 @@
           "version": "3.0.1",
           "bundled": true,
           "dev": true,
+          "optional": true,
           "requires": {
             "ansi-regex": "^2.0.0"
           }
@@ -4395,12 +4412,14 @@
         "wrappy": {
           "version": "1.0.2",
           "bundled": true,
-          "dev": true
+          "dev": true,
+          "optional": true
         },
         "yallist": {
           "version": "3.0.2",
           "bundled": true,
-          "dev": true
+          "dev": true,
+          "optional": true
         }
       }
     },