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content/07-conditionals.md

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+When writing code, there will be times when you need to perform actions only under certain circumstances.
+There are several ways to control execution in PHP.
+We will start with an if statement.
+```php
+<?php
+
+$animal = 'cow';
+if ($animal == 'cow') {
+    echo "Moooooo.....\n";
+}
+```
+
+All conditionals check to see if a statement evaluates to true or false.
+In the case above, since `$animal` equals 'cow', the statement returns true and the contents of the if statement are executed.
+
+An if statement can have multiple conditions chained together.
+If the first if statement returns false, then PHP will check each `elseif`.
+If none of the checks return true, then the `else` block will be executed.
+```php
+$animal = 'bird';
+if ($animal == 'dog') {
+    echo "Woof! 🐶\n";
+} elseif ($animal == 'cat') {
+    echo "Meow!? 🐱\n";
+} elseif ($animal == 'bird') {
+    echo "Chirp! 🐦\n";
+} else {
+    echo "I am not a dog, cat or bird\n";
+}
+```
+
+An alternative to the if statement is the switch.
+A switch statement has multiple cases  to check if the value in parentheses equals something.
+In this statement, since `$food` equals 'apples', the switch will echo "Eating an apple".
+The default case will be run if no other case evaluates to true, like an else statement.
+```php
+$food = 'apples';
+switch ($food) {
+    case 'apples':
+        echo "Eating an apple\n";
+        break;
+    case 'oranges':
+        echo "Eating an orange\n";
+        break;
+    case 'peaches':
+        echo "Eating a peach\n";
+        break;
+    default:
+        echo "No food, I am hungry\n";
+}
+```
+
+Breaks are a special keyword that tell PHP to stop execution once a case passes.
+If you do not use a break, PHP will continue to execute all following cases.
+In this switch, both "Drinking water" and "Drinking tea" will be executed since there is no break in the 'water' case.
+```php
+$drink = 'water';
+switch ($drink) {
+    case 'water':
+        echo "Drinking water\n";
+    case 'tea':
+        echo "Drinking tea\n";
+        break;
+}
+```
+
+PHP also supports single line conditionals called a ternary.
+In a ternary, the condition is followed by a question mark before the value that should be returned if the condition is true and then another colon and a value to return if the condition is false.
+```php
+$language = 'english';
+echo $language == 'spanish' ? "hola\n" : "hello\n";
+```
+
+Lastly, there is another form of a ternary that checks if a value is set and then returns the value to the right of the two question marks if the value is null.
+```php
+echo $IDoNotExist ?? "Variable not set\n";
+```
+
+You can also chain multiple checks in a row.
+```php
+$IExist = "Variable exists\n";
+echo $IDoNotExist ?? $IExist ?? "Neither variable is set\n";
+```