Update to v083 release.

byuu says:

This release adds preliminary Nintendo / Famicom emulation. It's only
a week or two old, so a lot of work still needs to be done before it can
compete with the most popular NES emulators.

It's important to clarify: bsnes is primarily an SNES emulator. That
will always be its forte and my core focus. I have added Game Boy
support previously for Super Game Boy emulation, and I've added NES
support mostly for something fun to work on to break up the monotony of
working on one system for seven years now. Obviously, I'd like the
emulation to be accurate and highly compatible, but I simply cannot
afford to invest the same amount of time and money into any other
systems.

Still, either way the NES and GB emulation serve as fun side-diversions,
and allow for a unified emulator interface with all of bsnes' unique
features applied to all systems. My personal favorite feature is
mightymo's extended built-in cheat code database that now also includes
NES and Game Boy codes. And it even works in Super Game Boy mode now,
too!

I'm also not worried about speed at all: so long as NES/GB are faster
than SNES/compatibility, it's fine by me. Note that due to the NES audio
running at 1.78MHz, and Game Boy audio at 4MHz stereo, a more
sophisticated audio resampler was needed: Ryphecha (Mednafen author) has
graciously written a first-rate resampler: it is a band-limited
Kaiser-windowed polyphase sinc resampler. It is combined with two
highpass filters to remove DC bias. The filter itself is SSE optimized,
but even still, approximately 50% of CPU usage for NES/GB emulation goes
to the audio filtering alone. However, you now have the best sound
possible for NES and Game Boy emulation as a result.

The GUI has also been heavily re-structured to accommodate multiple
emulators from the same interface. As such, it's quite likely a few bugs
are still lurking here and there. Please report them and I'll iron them
out for the next release.

Changelog:
- license is now GPLv3
- re-structured GUI as a multi-system emulator
- added NES emulation [byuu, Ryphecha]
- added NES ICs: MMC1, MMC2, MMC3, MMC4, MMC5, VRC4, VRC6+audio, VRC7,
  Sunsoft-5B+audio, Bandai-LZ93D50
- added NES boards: AxROM, BNROM, CNROM, ExROM, FxROM, GxROM, NROM,
  PxROM, SxROM, TxROM, UxROM
- Game Boy emulation improvements [Jonas Quinn]
- SNES core outputs full 19-bit color (4-bit luma included) for more
  accurate color reproduction (~5% speed hit)
- audio resampler is now a band-limited polyphase resampler [Ryphecha]
- cheat database includes NES+GB codes as well [mightymo, tukuyomi]
- lots of other changes

bsnes/Makefile

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 include nall/Makefile
+
+nes := nes
 snes := snes
 gameboy := gameboy
 profile := accuracy
 ui := ui
 
-# debugger
-options :=
+# options += console
+# options += debugger
 
 # compiler
 c       := $(compiler) -std=gnu99
@@ -14,28 +16,33 @@ flags   := -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -I.
 link    :=
 objects := libco
 
-# profile-guided instrumentation
-# flags += -fprofile-generate
-# link += -lgcov
+# profile-guided optimization mode
+# pgo := instrument
+# pgo := optimize
 
-# profile-guided optimization
-# flags += -fprofile-use
-
-flags := $(flags) $(foreach o,$(call strupper,$(options)),-D$o)
+ifeq ($(pgo),instrument)
+  flags += -fprofile-generate
+  link += -lgcov
+else ifeq ($(pgo),optimize)
+  flags += -fprofile-use
+endif
 
 # platform
 ifeq ($(platform),x)
+  # tree vectorization causes code generation errors with Linux/GCC 4.6.1
+  flags += -fno-tree-vectorize
   link += -s -ldl -lX11 -lXext
 else ifeq ($(platform),osx)
 else ifeq ($(platform),win)
-  link += -mwindows
-# link += -mconsole
+  link += $(if $(findstring console,$(options)),-mconsole,-mwindows)
   link += -mthreads -s -luuid -lkernel32 -luser32 -lgdi32 -lcomctl32 -lcomdlg32 -lshell32 -lole32
-  link += -enable-stdcall-fixup -Wl,-enable-auto-import -Wl,-enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc
+  link += -Wl,-enable-auto-import -Wl,-enable-runtime-pseudo-reloc
 else
   unknown_platform: help;
 endif
 
+flags := $(flags) $(foreach o,$(call strupper,$(options)),-D$o)
+
 # implicit rules
 compile = \
   $(strip \
@@ -70,6 +77,6 @@ clean:
 	-@$(call delete,*.manifest)
 
 archive-all:
-	tar -cjf bsnes.tar.bz2 data gameboy libco nall obj out phoenix ruby snes ui ui-gameboy ui-libsnes Makefile cc.bat clean.bat sync.sh
+	tar -cjf bsnes.tar.bz2 data gameboy libco nall nes obj out phoenix ruby snes ui ui-libsnes Makefile cc.bat clean.bat sync.sh
 
 help:;

bsnes/gameboy/Makefile

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-gameboy_objects := gameboy-system gameboy-scheduler
+gameboy_objects := gameboy-interface gameboy-system gameboy-scheduler
 gameboy_objects += gameboy-memory gameboy-cartridge
 gameboy_objects += gameboy-cpu gameboy-apu gameboy-lcd
+gameboy_objects += gameboy-cheat
 objects += $(gameboy_objects)
 
+obj/gameboy-interface.o: $(gameboy)/interface/interface.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/interface/)
 obj/gameboy-system.o: $(gameboy)/system/system.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/system/)
 obj/gameboy-scheduler.o: $(gameboy)/scheduler/scheduler.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/scheduler/)
 obj/gameboy-cartridge.o: $(gameboy)/cartridge/cartridge.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/cartridge/)
@@ -10,3 +12,4 @@ obj/gameboy-memory.o: $(gameboy)/memory/memory.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/m
 obj/gameboy-cpu.o: $(gameboy)/cpu/cpu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/cpu/)
 obj/gameboy-apu.o: $(gameboy)/apu/apu.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/apu/)
 obj/gameboy-lcd.o: $(gameboy)/lcd/lcd.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/lcd/)
+obj/gameboy-cheat.o: $(gameboy)/cheat/cheat.cpp $(call rwildcard,$(gameboy)/cheat/)

bsnes/gameboy/apu/apu.cpp

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ void APU::main() {
     noise.run();
     master.run();
 
-    system.interface->audio_sample(master.center, master.left, master.right);
+    interface->audioSample(master.center, master.left, master.right);
     if(++clock >= 0) co_switch(scheduler.active_thread = cpu.thread);
   }
 }
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void APU::power() {
   create(Main, 4194304);
   for(unsigned n = 0xff10; n <= 0xff3f; n++) bus.mmio[n] = this;
 
-  foreach(n, mmio_data) n = 0x00;
+  for(auto &n : mmio_data) n = 0x00;
   sequencer_base = 0;
   sequencer_step = 0;
 
@@ -80,10 +80,10 @@ uint8 APU::mmio_read(uint16 addr) {
 
   if(addr == 0xff26) {
     uint8 data = master.enable << 7;
-    if(square1.counter && square1.length) data |= 0x01;
-    if(square2.counter && square2.length) data |= 0x02;
-    if(   wave.counter &&    wave.length) data |= 0x04;
-    if(  noise.counter &&   noise.length) data |= 0x08;
+    if(square1.enable) data |= 0x01;
+    if(square2.enable) data |= 0x02;
+    if(   wave.enable) data |= 0x04;
+    if(  noise.enable) data |= 0x08;
     return data | table[addr - 0xff10];
   }
 

bsnes/gameboy/apu/master/master.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 #ifdef APU_CPP
 
 void APU::Master::run() {
+  static int16_t volume[] = {
+    -16384, -14336, -12288, -10240,  -8192,  -6144,  -4096,  -2048,
+     +2048,  +4096,  +6144,  +8192, +10240, +12288, +14336, +16384,
+  };
+
   if(enable == false) {
     center = 0;
     left   = 0;
@@ -14,13 +19,7 @@ void APU::Master::run() {
   sample +=    apu.wave.output;
   sample +=   apu.noise.output;
   sample >>= 2;
-  center = sclamp<16>(sample);
-
-  if(left_enable == false && right_enable == false) {
-    left  = center;
-    right = center;
-    return;
-  }
+  center = volume[sample];
 
   sample = 0;
   channels = 0;
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ void APU::Master::run() {
   if(channel3_left_enable) { sample +=    apu.wave.output; channels++; }
   if(channel4_left_enable) { sample +=   apu.noise.output; channels++; }
   if(channels) sample /= channels;
-  left = sclamp<16>(sample);
+  left = volume[sample];
 
   switch(left_volume) {
     case 0: left >>= 3;                       break;  // 12.5%
@@ -41,7 +40,6 @@ void APU::Master::run() {
     case 6: left -= (left >> 3);              break;  // 87.5%
   //case 7:                                   break;  //100.0%
   }
-  if(left_enable == false) left = 0;
 
   sample = 0;
   channels = 0;
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ void APU::Master::run() {
   if(channel3_right_enable) { sample +=    apu.wave.output; channels++; }
   if(channel4_right_enable) { sample +=   apu.noise.output; channels++; }
   if(channels) sample /= channels;
-  right = sclamp<16>(sample);
+  right = volume[sample];
 
   switch(right_volume) {
     case 0: right >>= 3;                         break;  // 12.5%
@@ -62,18 +60,17 @@ void APU::Master::run() {
     case 6: right -= (right >> 3);               break;  // 87.5%
   //case 7:                                      break;  //100.0%
   }
-  if(right_enable == false) right = 0;
 }
 
 void APU::Master::write(unsigned r, uint8 data) {
-  if(r == 0) {
-    left_enable  = data & 0x80;
-    left_volume  = (data >> 4) & 7;
-    right_enable = data & 0x08;
-    right_volume = (data >> 0) & 7;
+  if(r == 0) {  //$ff24  NR50
+    left_in_enable  = data & 0x80;
+    left_volume     = (data >> 4) & 7;
+    right_in_enable = data & 0x08;
+    right_volume    = (data >> 0) & 7;
   }
 
-  if(r == 1) {
+  if(r == 1) {  //$ff25  NR51
     channel4_left_enable  = data & 0x80;
     channel3_left_enable  = data & 0x40;
     channel2_left_enable  = data & 0x20;
@@ -84,15 +81,15 @@ void APU::Master::write(unsigned r, uint8 data) {
     channel1_right_enable = data & 0x01;
   }
 
-  if(r == 2) {
+  if(r == 2) {  //$ff26  NR52
     enable = data & 0x80;
   }
 }
 
 void APU::Master::power() {
-  left_enable = 0;
+  left_in_enable = 0;
   left_volume = 0;
-  right_enable = 0;
+  right_in_enable = 0;
   right_volume = 0;
   channel4_left_enable  = 0;
   channel3_left_enable  = 0;
@@ -110,9 +107,9 @@ void APU::Master::power() {
 }
 
 void APU::Master::serialize(serializer &s) {
-  s.integer(left_enable);
+  s.integer(left_in_enable);
   s.integer(left_volume);
-  s.integer(right_enable);
+  s.integer(right_in_enable);
   s.integer(right_volume);
   s.integer(channel4_left_enable);
   s.integer(channel3_left_enable);

bsnes/gameboy/apu/master/master.hpp

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 struct Master {
-  bool left_enable;
-  unsigned left_volume;
-  bool right_enable;
-  unsigned right_volume;
+  bool left_in_enable;
+  uint3 left_volume;
+  bool right_in_enable;
+  uint3 right_volume;
   bool channel4_left_enable;
   bool channel3_left_enable;
   bool channel2_left_enable;

bsnes/gameboy/apu/noise/noise.cpp

@@ -1,27 +1,32 @@
 #ifdef APU_CPP
 
+bool APU::Noise::dac_enable() {
+  return (envelope_volume || envelope_direction);
+}
+
 void APU::Noise::run() {
   if(period && --period == 0) {
     period = divisor << frequency;
     if(frequency < 14) {
       bool bit = (lfsr ^ (lfsr >> 1)) & 1;
-      lfsr = (lfsr >> 1) ^ (bit << 14);
-      if(narrow_lfsr) lfsr |= (bit << 6);
+      lfsr = (lfsr >> 1) ^ (bit << (narrow_lfsr ? 6 : 14));
     }
   }
 
-  uint4 sample = (lfsr & 1) ? 0 : volume;
-  if(counter && length == 0) sample = 0;
+  uint4 sample = (lfsr & 1) ? (uint4)0 : volume;
+  if(enable == false) sample = 0;
 
-  output = (sample * 4369) - 32768;
+  output = sample;
 }
 
 void APU::Noise::clock_length() {
-  if(counter && length) length--;
+  if(counter && length) {
+    if(--length == 0) enable = false;
+  }
 }
 
 void APU::Noise::clock_envelope() {
-  if(envelope_period && --envelope_period == 0) {
+  if(enable && envelope_frequency && --envelope_period == 0) {
     envelope_period = envelope_frequency;
     if(envelope_direction == 0 && volume >  0) volume--;
     if(envelope_direction == 1 && volume < 15) volume++;
@@ -29,42 +34,42 @@ void APU::Noise::clock_envelope() {
 }
 
 void APU::Noise::write(unsigned r, uint8 data) {
-  if(r == 1) {
-    initial_length = 64 - (data & 0x3f);
-
-    length = initial_length;
+  if(r == 1) {  //$ff20  NR41
+    length = 64 - (data & 0x3f);
   }
 
-  if(r == 2) {
+  if(r == 2) {  //$ff21  NR42
     envelope_volume = data >> 4;
     envelope_direction = data & 0x08;
     envelope_frequency = data & 0x07;
+    if(dac_enable() == false) enable = false;
   }
 
-  if(r == 3) {
+  if(r == 3) {  //$ff22  NR43
     frequency = data >> 4;
     narrow_lfsr = data & 0x08;
     divisor = (data & 0x07) << 4;
     if(divisor == 0) divisor = 8;
-
     period = divisor << frequency;
   }
 
-  if(r == 4) {
+  if(r == 4) {  //$ff34  NR44
     bool initialize = data & 0x80;
     counter = data & 0x40;
 
     if(initialize) {
+      enable = dac_enable();
       lfsr = ~0U;
-      length = initial_length;
       envelope_period = envelope_frequency;
       volume = envelope_volume;
+      if(length == 0) length = 64;
     }
   }
 }
 
 void APU::Noise::power() {
-  initial_length = 0;
+  enable = 0;
+
   envelope_volume = 0;
   envelope_direction = 0;
   envelope_frequency = 0;
@@ -82,7 +87,8 @@ void APU::Noise::power() {
 }
 
 void APU::Noise::serialize(serializer &s) {
-  s.integer(initial_length);
+  s.integer(enable);
+
   s.integer(envelope_volume);
   s.integer(envelope_direction);
   s.integer(envelope_frequency);

bsnes/gameboy/apu/noise/noise.hpp

@@ -1,20 +1,23 @@
 struct Noise {
-  unsigned initial_length;
-  unsigned envelope_volume;
+  bool enable;
+
+  uint4 envelope_volume;
   bool envelope_direction;
-  unsigned envelope_frequency;
-  unsigned frequency;
+  uint3 envelope_frequency;
+  uint4 frequency;
   bool narrow_lfsr;
   unsigned divisor;
   bool counter;
 
   int16 output;
   unsigned length;
-  unsigned envelope_period;
-  unsigned volume;
+  uint3 envelope_period;
+  uint4 volume;
   unsigned period;
   uint15 lfsr;
 
+  bool dac_enable();
+
   void run();
   void clock_length();
   void clock_envelope();

bsnes/gameboy/apu/square1/square1.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 #ifdef APU_CPP
 
+bool APU::Square1::dac_enable() {
+  return (envelope_volume || envelope_direction);
+}
+
 void APU::Square1::run() {
   if(period && --period == 0) {
     period = 4 * (2048 - frequency);
-    phase = (phase + 1) & 7;
+    phase++;
     switch(duty) {
       case 0: duty_output = (phase == 6); break;  //______-_
       case 1: duty_output = (phase >= 6); break;  //______--
@@ -12,45 +16,44 @@ void APU::Square1::run() {
     }
   }
 
-  uint4 sample = (duty_output ? volume : 0);
-  if(counter && length == 0) sample = 0;
+  uint4 sample = (duty_output ? volume : (uint4)0);
+  if(enable == false) sample = 0;
 
-  output = (sample * 4369) - 32768;
+  output = sample;
 }
 
-void APU::Square1::sweep() {
-  if(enable == false) return;
+void APU::Square1::sweep(bool update) {
+  if(sweep_enable == false) return;
 
-  signed offset = frequency_shadow >> sweep_shift;
-  if(sweep_direction) offset = -offset;
-  frequency_shadow += offset;
+  sweep_negate = sweep_direction;
+  unsigned delta = frequency_shadow >> sweep_shift;
+  signed freq = frequency_shadow + (sweep_negate ? -delta : delta);
 
-  if(frequency_shadow < 0) {
-    frequency_shadow = 0;
-  } else if(frequency_shadow > 2047) {
-    frequency_shadow = 2048;
+  if(freq > 2047) {
     enable = false;
-  }
-
-  if(frequency_shadow <= 2047 && sweep_shift) {
-    frequency = frequency_shadow;
+  } else if(sweep_shift && update) {
+    frequency_shadow = freq;
+    frequency = freq & 2047;
     period = 4 * (2048 - frequency);
   }
 }
 
 void APU::Square1::clock_length() {
-  if(counter && length) length--;
+  if(counter && length) {
+    if(--length == 0) enable = false;
+  }
 }
 
 void APU::Square1::clock_sweep() {
-  if(sweep_frequency && sweep_period && --sweep_period == 0) {
+  if(enable && sweep_frequency && --sweep_period == 0) {
     sweep_period = sweep_frequency;
-    sweep();
+    sweep(1);
+    sweep(0);
   }
 }
 
 void APU::Square1::clock_envelope() {
-  if(envelope_period && --envelope_period == 0) {
+  if(enable && envelope_frequency && --envelope_period == 0) {
     envelope_period = envelope_frequency;
     if(envelope_direction == 0 && volume >  0) volume--;
     if(envelope_direction == 1 && volume < 15) volume++;
@@ -58,39 +61,44 @@ void APU::Square1::clock_envelope() {
 }
 
 void APU::Square1::write(unsigned r, uint8 data) {
-  if(r == 0) {
+  if(r == 0) {  //$ff10  NR10
+    if(sweep_negate && sweep_direction && !(data & 0x08)) enable = false;
     sweep_frequency = (data >> 4) & 7;
     sweep_direction = data & 0x08;
     sweep_shift = data & 0x07;
   }
 
-  if(r == 1) {
+  if(r == 1) {  //$ff11  NR11
     duty = data >> 6;
-    length = data & 0x3f;
+    length = 64 - (data & 0x3f);
   }
 
-  if(r == 2) {
+  if(r == 2) {  //$ff12  NR12
     envelope_volume = data >> 4;
     envelope_direction = data & 0x08;
     envelope_frequency = data & 0x07;
+    if(dac_enable() == false) enable = false;
   }
 
-  if(r == 3) {
+  if(r == 3) {  //$ff13  NR13
     frequency = (frequency & 0x0700) | data;
   }
 
-  if(r == 4) {
+  if(r == 4) {  //$ff14  NR14
     bool initialize = data & 0x80;
     counter = data & 0x40;
     frequency = ((data & 7) << 8) | (frequency & 0x00ff);
 
     if(initialize) {
+      enable = dac_enable();
       envelope_period = envelope_frequency;
       volume = envelope_volume;
       frequency_shadow = frequency;
       sweep_period = sweep_frequency;
-      enable = sweep_period || sweep_shift;
-      if(sweep_shift) sweep();
+      sweep_enable = sweep_period || sweep_shift;
+      sweep_negate = false;
+      if(sweep_shift) sweep(0);
+      if(length == 0) length = 64;
     }
   }
 
@@ -98,9 +106,12 @@ void APU::Square1::write(unsigned r, uint8 data) {
 }
 
 void APU::Square1::power() {
+  enable = 0;
+
   sweep_frequency = 0;
   sweep_direction = 0;
   sweep_shift = 0;
+  sweep_negate = 0;
   duty = 0;
   length = 0;
   envelope_volume = 0;
@@ -116,14 +127,17 @@ void APU::Square1::power() {
   envelope_period = 0;
   sweep_period = 0;
   frequency_shadow = 0;
-  enable = 0;
+  sweep_enable = 0;
   volume = 0;
 }
 
 void APU::Square1::serialize(serializer &s) {
+  s.integer(enable);
+
   s.integer(sweep_frequency);
   s.integer(sweep_direction);
   s.integer(sweep_shift);
+  s.integer(sweep_negate);
   s.integer(duty);
   s.integer(length);
   s.integer(envelope_volume);
@@ -139,7 +153,7 @@ void APU::Square1::serialize(serializer &s) {
   s.integer(envelope_period);
   s.integer(sweep_period);
   s.integer(frequency_shadow);
-  s.integer(enable);
+  s.integer(sweep_enable);
   s.integer(volume);
 }
 

bsnes/gameboy/apu/square1/square1.hpp

@@ -1,27 +1,32 @@
 struct Square1 {
-  unsigned sweep_frequency;
-  unsigned sweep_direction;
-  unsigned sweep_shift;
-  unsigned duty;
+  bool enable;
+
+  uint3 sweep_frequency;
+  bool sweep_direction;
+  uint3 sweep_shift;
+  bool sweep_negate;
+  uint2 duty;
   unsigned length;
-  unsigned envelope_volume;
-  unsigned envelope_direction;
-  unsigned envelope_frequency;
-  unsigned frequency;
-  unsigned counter;
+  uint4 envelope_volume;
+  bool envelope_direction;
+  uint3 envelope_frequency;
+  uint11 frequency;
+  bool counter;
 
   int16 output;
   bool duty_output;
-  unsigned phase;
+  uint3 phase;
   unsigned period;
-  unsigned envelope_period;
-  unsigned sweep_period;
+  uint3 envelope_period;
+  uint3 sweep_period;
   signed frequency_shadow;
-  bool enable;
-  unsigned volume;
+  bool sweep_enable;
+  uint4 volume;
+
+  bool dac_enable();
 
   void run();
-  void sweep();
+  void sweep(bool update);
   void clock_length();
   void clock_sweep();
   void clock_envelope();

bsnes/gameboy/apu/square2/square2.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 #ifdef APU_CPP
 
+bool APU::Square2::dac_enable() {
+  return (envelope_volume || envelope_direction);
+}
+
 void APU::Square2::run() {
   if(period && --period == 0) {
     period = 4 * (2048 - frequency);
-    phase = (phase + 1) & 7;
+    phase++;
     switch(duty) {
       case 0: duty_output = (phase == 6); break;  //______-_
       case 1: duty_output = (phase >= 6); break;  //______--
@@ -12,18 +16,20 @@ void APU::Square2::run() {
     }
   }
 
-  uint4 sample = (duty_output ? volume : 0);
-  if(counter && length == 0) sample = 0;
+  uint4 sample = (duty_output ? volume : (uint4)0);
+  if(enable == false) sample = 0;
 
-  output = (sample * 4369) - 32768;
+  output = sample;
 }
 
 void APU::Square2::clock_length() {
-  if(counter && length) length--;
+  if(counter && length) {
+    if(--length == 0) enable = false;
+  }
 }
 
 void APU::Square2::clock_envelope() {
-  if(envelope_period && --envelope_period == 0) {
+  if(enable && envelope_frequency && --envelope_period == 0) {
     envelope_period = envelope_frequency;
     if(envelope_direction == 0 && volume >  0) volume--;
     if(envelope_direction == 1 && volume < 15) volume++;
@@ -31,29 +37,32 @@ void APU::Square2::clock_envelope() {
 }
 
 void APU::Square2::write(unsigned r, uint8 data) {
-  if(r == 1) {
+  if(r == 1) {  //$ff16  NR21
     duty = data >> 6;
-    length = data & 0x3f;
+    length = 64 - (data & 0x3f);
   }
 
-  if(r == 2) {
+  if(r == 2) {  //$ff17  NR22
     envelope_volume = data >> 4;
     envelope_direction = data & 0x08;
     envelope_frequency = data & 0x07;
+    if(dac_enable() == false) enable = false;
   }
 
-  if(r == 3) {
+  if(r == 3) {  //$ff18  NR23
     frequency = (frequency & 0x0700) | data;
   }
 
-  if(r == 4) {
+  if(r == 4) {  //$ff19  NR24
     bool initialize = data & 0x80;
     counter = data & 0x40;
     frequency = ((data & 7) << 8) | (frequency & 0x00ff);
 
     if(initialize) {
+      enable = dac_enable();
       envelope_period = envelope_frequency;
       volume = envelope_volume;
+      if(length == 0) length = 64;
     }
   }
 
@@ -61,6 +70,8 @@ void APU::Square2::write(unsigned r, uint8 data) {
 }
 
 void APU::Square2::power() {
+  enable = 0;
+
   duty = 0;
   length = 0;
   envelope_volume = 0;
@@ -78,6 +89,8 @@ void APU::Square2::power() {
 }
 
 void APU::Square2::serialize(serializer &s) {
+  s.integer(enable);
+
   s.integer(duty);
   s.integer(length);
   s.integer(envelope_volume);

bsnes/gameboy/apu/square2/square2.hpp

@@ -1,18 +1,22 @@
 struct Square2 {
-  unsigned duty;
+  bool enable;
+
+  uint2 duty;
   unsigned length;
-  unsigned envelope_volume;
-  unsigned envelope_direction;
-  unsigned envelope_frequency;
-  unsigned frequency;
-  unsigned counter;
+  uint4 envelope_volume;
+  bool envelope_direction;
+  uint3 envelope_frequency;
+  uint11 frequency;
+  bool counter;
 
   int16 output;
   bool duty_output;
-  unsigned phase;
+  uint3 phase;
   unsigned period;
-  unsigned envelope_period;
-  unsigned volume;
+  uint3 envelope_period;
+  uint4 volume;
+
+  bool dac_enable();
 
   void run();
   void clock_length();

bsnes/gameboy/apu/wave/wave.cpp

@@ -3,57 +3,53 @@
 void APU::Wave::run() {
   if(period && --period == 0) {
     period = 2 * (2048 - frequency);
-    pattern_offset = (pattern_offset + 1) & 31;
-    pattern_sample = pattern[pattern_offset];
+    pattern_sample = pattern[++pattern_offset];
   }
 
-  uint4 sample = pattern_sample;
-  if(counter && length == 0) sample = 0;
+  uint4 sample = pattern_sample >> volume_shift;
   if(enable == false) sample = 0;
 
-  output = (sample * 4369) - 32768;
-  output >>= volume;
+  output = sample;
 }
 
 void APU::Wave::clock_length() {
-  if(counter && length) length--;
+  if(counter && length) {
+    if(--length == 0) enable = false;
+  }
 }
 
 void APU::Wave::write(unsigned r, uint8 data) {
-  if(r == 0) {
+  if(r == 0) {  //$ff1a  NR30
     dac_enable = data & 0x80;
-
     if(dac_enable == false) enable = false;
   }
 
-  if(r == 1) {
-    initial_length = 256 - data;
-
-    length = initial_length;
+  if(r == 1) {  //$ff1b  NR31
+    length = 256 - data;
   }
 
-  if(r == 2) {
+  if(r == 2) {  //$ff1c  NR32
     switch((data >> 5) & 3) {
-      case 0: volume = 16; break;  //  0%
-      case 1: volume =  0; break;  //100%
-      case 2: volume =  1; break;  // 50%
-      case 3: volume =  2; break;  // 25%
+      case 0: volume_shift = 4; break;  //  0%
+      case 1: volume_shift = 0; break;  //100%
+      case 2: volume_shift = 1; break;  // 50%
+      case 3: volume_shift = 2; break;  // 25%
     }
   }
 
-  if(r == 3) {
+  if(r == 3) {  //$ff1d  NR33
     frequency = (frequency & 0x0700) | data;
   }
 
-  if(r == 4) {
+  if(r == 4) {  //$ff1e  NR34
     bool initialize = data & 0x80;
     counter = data & 0x40;
     frequency = ((data & 7) << 8) | (frequency & 0x00ff);
 
-    if(initialize && dac_enable) {
-      enable = true;
+    if(initialize) {
+      enable = dac_enable;
       pattern_offset = 0;
-      length = initial_length;
+      if(length == 0) length = 256;
     }
   }
 
@@ -67,17 +63,17 @@ void APU::Wave::write_pattern(unsigned p, uint8 data) {
 }
 
 void APU::Wave::power() {
+  enable = 0;
+
   dac_enable = 0;
-  initial_length = 0;
-  volume = 0;
+  volume_shift = 0;
   frequency = 0;
   counter = 0;
 
-  random_cyclic r;
-  foreach(n, pattern) n = r() & 15;
+  random_lfsr r;
+  for(auto &n : pattern) n = r() & 15;
 
   output = 0;
-  enable = 0;
   length = 0;
   period = 0;
   pattern_offset = 0;
@@ -85,15 +81,15 @@ void APU::Wave::power() {
 }
 
 void APU::Wave::serialize(serializer &s) {
+  s.integer(enable);
+
   s.integer(dac_enable);
-  s.integer(initial_length);
-  s.integer(volume);
+  s.integer(volume_shift);
   s.integer(frequency);
   s.integer(counter);
   s.array(pattern);
 
   s.integer(output);
-  s.integer(enable);
   s.integer(length);
   s.integer(period);
   s.integer(pattern_offset);

bsnes/gameboy/apu/wave/wave.hpp

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 struct Wave {
+  bool enable;
+
   bool dac_enable;
-  unsigned initial_length;
-  unsigned volume;
-  unsigned frequency;
+  unsigned volume_shift;
+  uint11 frequency;
   bool counter;
   uint8 pattern[32];
 
   int16 output;
-  bool enable;
   unsigned length;
   unsigned period;
-  unsigned pattern_offset;
-  unsigned pattern_sample;
+  uint5 pattern_offset;
+  uint4 pattern_sample;
 
   void run();
   void clock_length();

bsnes/gameboy/cartridge/cartridge.cpp

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ namespace GameBoy {
 #include "serialization.cpp"
 Cartridge cartridge;
 
-void Cartridge::load(const string &xml, const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+void Cartridge::load(const string &markup, const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   if(size == 0) size = 32768;
   romdata = allocate<uint8>(romsize = size, 0xff);
   if(data) memcpy(romdata, data, size);
@@ -33,42 +33,24 @@ void Cartridge::load(const string &xml, const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   info.romsize = 0;
   info.ramsize = 0;
 
-  xml_element document = xml_parse(xml);
-  foreach(head, document.element) {
-    if(head.name == "cartridge") {
-      foreach(attr, head.attribute) {
-        if(attr.name == "mapper") {
-          if(attr.content == "none")  info.mapper = Mapper::MBC0;
-          if(attr.content == "MBC1")  info.mapper = Mapper::MBC1;
-          if(attr.content == "MBC2")  info.mapper = Mapper::MBC2;
-          if(attr.content == "MBC3")  info.mapper = Mapper::MBC3;
-          if(attr.content == "MBC5")  info.mapper = Mapper::MBC5;
-          if(attr.content == "MMM01") info.mapper = Mapper::MMM01;
-          if(attr.content == "HuC1")  info.mapper = Mapper::HuC1;
-          if(attr.content == "HuC3")  info.mapper = Mapper::HuC3;
-        }
+  BML::Document document(markup);
 
-        if(attr.name == "rtc") info.rtc = (attr.content == "true" ? true : false);
-        if(attr.name == "rumble") info.rumble = (attr.content == "true" ? true : false);
-      }
+  auto &mapperid = document["cartridge"]["mapper"].value;
+  if(mapperid == "none" ) info.mapper = Mapper::MBC0;
+  if(mapperid == "MBC1" ) info.mapper = Mapper::MBC1;
+  if(mapperid == "MBC2" ) info.mapper = Mapper::MBC2;
+  if(mapperid == "MBC3" ) info.mapper = Mapper::MBC3;
+  if(mapperid == "MBC5" ) info.mapper = Mapper::MBC5;
+  if(mapperid == "MMM01") info.mapper = Mapper::MMM01;
+  if(mapperid == "HuC1" ) info.mapper = Mapper::HuC1;
+  if(mapperid == "HuC3" ) info.mapper = Mapper::HuC3;
 
-      foreach(elem, head.element) {
-        if(elem.name == "rom") {
-          foreach(attr, elem.attribute) {
-            if(attr.name == "size") info.romsize = hex(attr.content);
-          }
-        }
+  info.rtc = document["cartridge"]["rtc"].exists();
+  info.rumble = document["cartridge"]["rumble"].exists();
 
-        if(elem.name == "ram") {
-          info.ram = true;
-          foreach(attr, elem.attribute) {
-            if(attr.name == "size") info.ramsize = hex(attr.content);
-            if(attr.name == "battery") info.battery = (attr.content == "true" ? true : false);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
+  info.romsize = hex(document["cartridge"]["rom"]["size"].value);
+  info.ramsize = hex(document["cartridge"]["ram"]["size"].value);
+  info.battery = document["cartridge"]["ram"]["non-volatile"].exists();
 
   switch(info.mapper) { default:
     case Mapper::MBC0:  mapper = &mbc0;  break;
@@ -83,7 +65,9 @@ void Cartridge::load(const string &xml, const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
 
   ramdata = new uint8_t[ramsize = info.ramsize]();
   system.load();
+
   loaded = true;
+  sha256 = nall::sha256(romdata, romsize);
 }
 
 void Cartridge::unload() {

bsnes/gameboy/cartridge/cartridge.hpp

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ struct Cartridge : MMIO, property<Cartridge> {
   } info;
 
   readonly<bool> loaded;
+  readonly<string> sha256;
 
   uint8_t *romdata;
   unsigned romsize;
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ struct Cartridge : MMIO, property<Cartridge> {
   MMIO *mapper;
   bool bootrom_enable;
 
-  void load(const string &xml, const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  void load(const string &markup, const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
   void unload();
 
   uint8 rom_read(unsigned addr);

bsnes/gameboy/cartridge/mmm01/mmm01.cpp

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void Cartridge::MMM01::mmio_write(uint16 addr, uint8 data) {
 
 void Cartridge::MMM01::power() {
   rom_mode = 0;
-  rom_base = 0x00;
+  rom_base = 0;
 
   ram_enable = false;
   rom_select = 0x01;

bsnes/gameboy/cheat/cheat.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#include <gameboy/gameboy.hpp>
+
+namespace GameBoy {
+
+Cheat cheat;
+
+bool Cheat::decode(const string &code_, unsigned &addr, unsigned &data, unsigned &comp) {
+  static bool initialize = false;
+  static uint8 mapProActionReplay[256], mapGameGenie[256];
+
+  if(initialize == false) {
+    initialize = true;
+
+    for(auto &n : mapProActionReplay) n = ~0;
+    mapProActionReplay['0'] =  0; mapProActionReplay['1'] =  1; mapProActionReplay['2'] =  2; mapProActionReplay['3'] =  3;
+    mapProActionReplay['4'] =  4; mapProActionReplay['5'] =  5; mapProActionReplay['6'] =  6; mapProActionReplay['7'] =  7;
+    mapProActionReplay['8'] =  8; mapProActionReplay['9'] =  9; mapProActionReplay['A'] = 10; mapProActionReplay['B'] = 11;
+    mapProActionReplay['C'] = 12; mapProActionReplay['D'] = 13; mapProActionReplay['E'] = 14; mapProActionReplay['F'] = 15;
+
+    for(auto &n : mapGameGenie) n = ~0;
+    mapGameGenie['0'] =  0; mapGameGenie['1'] =  1; mapGameGenie['2'] =  2; mapGameGenie['3'] =  3;
+    mapGameGenie['4'] =  4; mapGameGenie['5'] =  5; mapGameGenie['6'] =  6; mapGameGenie['7'] =  7;
+    mapGameGenie['8'] =  8; mapGameGenie['9'] =  9; mapGameGenie['A'] = 10; mapGameGenie['B'] = 11;
+    mapGameGenie['C'] = 12; mapGameGenie['D'] = 13; mapGameGenie['E'] = 14; mapGameGenie['F'] = 15;
+  }
+
+  string code = code_;
+  code.upper();
+  unsigned length = code.length(), bits = 0;
+
+  if(code.wildcard("????:??")) {
+    code = { substr(code, 0, 4), substr(code, 5, 2) };
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < 6; n++) if(mapProActionReplay[code[n]] > 15) return false;
+    bits = hex(code);
+    addr = (bits >> 8) & 0xffff;
+    data = (bits >> 0) & 0xff;
+    comp = ~0;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if(code.wildcard("????:??:??")) {
+    code = { substr(code, 0, 4), substr(code, 5, 2), substr(code, 8, 2) };
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < 8; n++) if(mapProActionReplay[code[n]] > 15) return false;
+    bits = hex(code);
+    addr = (bits >> 16) & 0xffff;
+    data = (bits >>  8) & 0xff;
+    comp = (bits >>  0) & 0xff;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if(code.wildcard("???" "-" "???")) {
+    code = { substr(code, 0, 3), substr(code, 4, 3) };
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < 6; n++) if(mapGameGenie[code[n]] > 15) return false;
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < 6; n++) bits |= mapGameGenie[code[n]] << (20 - n * 4);
+
+    addr = (bits >>  0) & 0xffff;
+    data = (bits >> 16) & 0xff;
+    comp = ~0;
+
+    addr = (((addr >> 4) | (addr << 12)) & 0xffff) ^ 0xf000;
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if(code.wildcard("???" "-" "???" "-" "???")) {
+    code = { substr(code, 0, 3), substr(code, 4, 3), substr(code, 8, 1), substr(code, 10, 1) };
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < 8; n++) if(mapGameGenie[code[n]] > 15) return false;
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < 8; n++) bits |= mapGameGenie[code[n]] << (28 - n * 4);
+
+    addr = (bits >>  8) & 0xffff;
+    data = (bits >> 24) & 0xff;
+    comp = (bits >>  0) & 0xff;
+
+    addr = (((addr >> 4) | (addr << 12)) & 0xffff) ^ 0xf000;
+    comp = (((comp >> 2) | (comp << 6)) & 0xff) ^ 0xba;
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+void Cheat::synchronize() {
+  for(auto &n : override) n = false;
+
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < size(); n++) {
+    override[operator[](n).addr] = true;
+  }
+}
+
+}

bsnes/gameboy/cheat/cheat.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+struct CheatCode {
+  unsigned addr;
+  unsigned data;
+  unsigned comp;
+};
+
+struct Cheat : public linear_vector<CheatCode> {
+  static bool decode(const string &code, unsigned &addr, unsigned &data, unsigned &comp);
+
+  void synchronize();
+  bool override[65536];
+};
+
+extern Cheat cheat;

bsnes/gameboy/cpu/core/core.cpp

@@ -580,7 +580,8 @@ void CPU::op_di() {
 }
 
 void CPU::op_ei() {
-  status.ime = 1;
+  status.ei = true;
+//status.ime = 1;
 }
 
 //jump commands

bsnes/gameboy/cpu/cpu.cpp

@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ void CPU::power() {
   status.clock = 0;
   status.halt = false;
   status.stop = false;
+  status.ei = false;
   status.ime = 0;
 
   status.p15 = 0;

bsnes/gameboy/cpu/cpu.hpp

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ struct CPU : Processor, MMIO {
     unsigned clock;
     bool halt;
     bool stop;
+    bool ei;
     bool ime;
 
     //$ff00  JOYP

bsnes/gameboy/cpu/mmio/mmio.cpp

@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@
 void CPU::mmio_joyp_poll() {
   unsigned button = 0, dpad = 0;
 
-  button |= system.interface->input_poll((unsigned)Input::Start) << 3;
-  button |= system.interface->input_poll((unsigned)Input::Select) << 2;
-  button |= system.interface->input_poll((unsigned)Input::B) << 1;
-  button |= system.interface->input_poll((unsigned)Input::A) << 0;
+  button |= interface->inputPoll((unsigned)Input::Start) << 3;
+  button |= interface->inputPoll((unsigned)Input::Select) << 2;
+  button |= interface->inputPoll((unsigned)Input::B) << 1;
+  button |= interface->inputPoll((unsigned)Input::A) << 0;
 
-  dpad |= system.interface->input_poll((unsigned)Input::Down) << 3;
-  dpad |= system.interface->input_poll((unsigned)Input::Up) << 2;
-  dpad |= system.interface->input_poll((unsigned)Input::Left) << 1;
-  dpad |= system.interface->input_poll((unsigned)Input::Right) << 0;
+  dpad |= interface->inputPoll((unsigned)Input::Down) << 3;
+  dpad |= interface->inputPoll((unsigned)Input::Up) << 2;
+  dpad |= interface->inputPoll((unsigned)Input::Left) << 1;
+  dpad |= interface->inputPoll((unsigned)Input::Right) << 0;
 
   status.joyp = 0x0f;
   if(status.p15 == 1 && status.p14 == 1) status.joyp -= status.mlt_req;
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ void CPU::mmio_write(uint16 addr, uint8 data) {
   if(addr == 0xff00) {  //JOYP
     status.p15 = data & 0x20;
     status.p14 = data & 0x10;
-    system.interface->joyp_write(status.p15, status.p14);
+    interface->joypWrite(status.p15, status.p14);
     mmio_joyp_poll();
     return;
   }

bsnes/gameboy/cpu/serialization.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ void CPU::serialize(serializer &s) {
   s.integer(status.clock);
   s.integer(status.halt);
   s.integer(status.stop);
+  s.integer(status.ei);
   s.integer(status.ime);
 
   s.integer(status.p15);

bsnes/gameboy/cpu/timing/opcode.cpp

@@ -1,18 +1,28 @@
 #ifdef CPU_CPP
 
 void CPU::op_io() {
+  cycle_edge();
   add_clocks(4);
 }
 
 uint8 CPU::op_read(uint16 addr) {
+  cycle_edge();
   uint8 r = bus.read(addr);
   add_clocks(4);
   return r;
 }
 
 void CPU::op_write(uint16 addr, uint8 data) {
+  cycle_edge();
   bus.write(addr, data);
   add_clocks(4);
 }
 
+void CPU::cycle_edge() {
+  if(status.ei) {
+    status.ei = false;
+    status.ime = 1;
+  }
+}
+
 #endif

bsnes/gameboy/cpu/timing/timing.hpp

@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ void timer_4096hz();
 void op_io();
 uint8 op_read(uint16 addr);
 void op_write(uint16 addr, uint8 data);
+void cycle_edge();

bsnes/gameboy/gameboy.hpp

@@ -1,18 +1,22 @@
-//bgameboy
-//author: byuu
-//project started: 2010-12-27
+#ifndef GAMEBOY_HPP
+#define GAMEBOY_HPP
 
 namespace GameBoy {
   namespace Info {
     static const char Name[] = "bgameboy";
-    static const char Version[] = "000.19";
-    static unsigned SerializerVersion = 1;
+    static const unsigned SerializerVersion = 2;
   }
 }
 
+/*
+  bgameboy - Game Boy emulator
+  author: byuu
+  license: GPLv3
+  project started: 2010-12-27
+*/
+
 #include <libco/libco.h>
 
-#include <nall/foreach.hpp>
 #include <nall/platform.hpp>
 #include <nall/property.hpp>
 #include <nall/random.hpp>
@@ -83,7 +87,7 @@ namespace GameBoy {
       clock = 0;
     }
 
-    inline Processor() : thread(0) {}
+    inline Processor() : thread(nullptr) {}
   };
 
   #include <gameboy/memory/memory.hpp>
@@ -93,4 +97,7 @@ namespace GameBoy {
   #include <gameboy/cpu/cpu.hpp>
   #include <gameboy/apu/apu.hpp>
   #include <gameboy/lcd/lcd.hpp>
+  #include <gameboy/cheat/cheat.hpp>
 };
+
+#endif

bsnes/gameboy/interface/interface.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#include <gameboy/gameboy.hpp>
+
+namespace GameBoy {
+
+Interface *interface = 0;
+
+void Interface::lcdScanline() {
+}
+
+void Interface::joypWrite(bool p15, bool p14) {
+}
+
+void Interface::videoRefresh(const uint8_t *data) {
+}
+
+void Interface::audioSample(int16_t center, int16_t left, int16_t right) {
+}
+
+bool Interface::inputPoll(unsigned id) {
+  return false;
+}
+
+void Interface::initialize(Interface *derived_interface) {
+  interface = derived_interface;
+  system.init();
+}
+
+bool Interface::cartridgeLoaded() {
+  return cartridge.loaded();
+}
+
+void Interface::loadCartridge(const string &markup, const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  cartridge.load(markup, data, size);
+  system.power();
+}
+
+void Interface::unloadCartridge() {
+  cartridge.unload();
+}
+
+unsigned Interface::memorySize(Memory memory) {
+  if(memory == Memory::RAM) return cartridge.ramsize;
+  return 0u;
+}
+
+uint8_t* Interface::memoryData(Memory memory) {
+  if(memory == Memory::RAM) return cartridge.ramdata;
+  return 0u;
+}
+
+void Interface::power() {
+  system.power();
+}
+
+void Interface::run() {
+  do {
+    system.run();
+  } while(scheduler.exit_reason() != Scheduler::ExitReason::FrameEvent);
+}
+
+serializer Interface::serialize() {
+  system.runtosave();
+  return system.serialize();
+}
+
+bool Interface::unserialize(serializer &s) {
+  return system.unserialize(s);
+}
+
+void Interface::setCheats(const lstring &list) {
+  cheat.reset();
+  for(auto &code : list) {
+    lstring codelist;
+    codelist.split("+", code);
+    for(auto &part : codelist) {
+      unsigned addr, data, comp;
+      if(Cheat::decode(part, addr, data, comp)) {
+        cheat.append({ addr, data, comp });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  cheat.synchronize();
+}
+
+void Interface::message(const string &text) {
+  print(text, "\n");
+}
+
+}

bsnes/gameboy/interface/interface.hpp

@@ -1,11 +1,34 @@
 class Interface {
 public:
-  virtual void joyp_write(bool p15, bool p14) {}
+  virtual void lcdScanline();
+  virtual void joypWrite(bool p15, bool p14);
 
-  virtual void video_refresh(const uint8_t *data) {}
-  virtual void audio_sample(int16_t center, int16_t left, int16_t right) {}
-  virtual void input_poll() {}
-  virtual bool input_poll(unsigned id) {}
+  virtual void videoRefresh(const uint8_t *data);
+  virtual void audioSample(int16_t center, int16_t left, int16_t right);
+  virtual bool inputPoll(unsigned id);
 
-  virtual void message(const string &text) { print(text, "\n"); }
+  virtual void initialize(Interface*);
+
+  virtual bool cartridgeLoaded();
+  virtual void loadCartridge(const string &markup, const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  virtual void unloadCartridge();
+
+  enum class Memory : unsigned {
+    RAM,
+  };
+
+  virtual unsigned memorySize(Memory);
+  virtual uint8_t* memoryData(Memory);
+
+  virtual void power();
+  virtual void run();
+
+  virtual serializer serialize();
+  virtual bool unserialize(serializer&);
+
+  virtual void setCheats(const lstring &list = lstring{});
+
+  virtual void message(const string &text);
 };
+
+extern Interface *interface;

bsnes/gameboy/lcd/lcd.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ namespace GameBoy {
 #include "serialization.cpp"
 LCD lcd;
 
+static unsigned linectr;
+
 void LCD::Main() {
   lcd.main();
 }
@@ -18,21 +20,20 @@ void LCD::main() {
     }
 
     add_clocks(4);
+    status.lx += 4;
+    if(status.lx >= 456) scanline();
 
-    if(status.lx == 0) {
+    if(status.display_enable && status.lx == 0) {
       if(status.interrupt_oam) cpu.interrupt_raise(CPU::Interrupt::Stat);
     }
 
-    if(status.lx == 252) {
+    if(status.display_enable && status.lx == 252) {
       if(status.interrupt_hblank) cpu.interrupt_raise(CPU::Interrupt::Stat);
     }
   }
 }
 
 void LCD::add_clocks(unsigned clocks) {
-  status.lx += clocks;
-  if(status.lx >= 456) scanline();
-
   clock += clocks;
   if(clock >= 0 && scheduler.sync != Scheduler::SynchronizeMode::All) {
     co_switch(scheduler.active_thread = cpu.thread);
@@ -43,29 +44,32 @@ void LCD::scanline() {
   status.lx -= 456;
   if(++status.ly == 154) frame();
 
-  if(status.interrupt_lyc == true) {
+  if(status.display_enable && status.interrupt_lyc == true) {
     if(status.ly == status.lyc) cpu.interrupt_raise(CPU::Interrupt::Stat);
   }
 
   if(status.ly < 144) render();
 
-  if(status.ly == 144) {
+  if(status.display_enable && status.ly == 144) {
     cpu.interrupt_raise(CPU::Interrupt::Vblank);
     if(status.interrupt_vblank) cpu.interrupt_raise(CPU::Interrupt::Stat);
   }
 }
 
 void LCD::frame() {
-  system.interface->video_refresh(screen);
-  system.interface->input_poll();
+  interface->videoRefresh(screen);
   cpu.mmio_joyp_poll();
 
   status.ly = 0;
+  status.wyc = 0;
   scheduler.exit(Scheduler::ExitReason::FrameEvent);
 }
 
 void LCD::render() {
-  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 160; n++) line[n] = 0x00;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 160; n++) {
+    line[n] = 0x00;
+    origin[n] = Origin::None;
+  }
 
   if(status.display_enable == true) {
     if(status.bg_enable == true) render_bg();
@@ -74,7 +78,8 @@ void LCD::render() {
   }
 
   uint8_t *output = screen + status.ly * 160;
-  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 160; n++) output[n] = (3 - line[n]) * 0x55;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 160; n++) output[n] = line[n];
+  interface->lcdScanline();
 }
 
 uint16 LCD::read_tile(bool select, unsigned x, unsigned y) {
@@ -97,7 +102,9 @@ void LCD::render_bg() {
   for(unsigned ox = 0; ox < 160; ox++) {
     uint8 palette = ((data & (0x0080 >> tx)) ? 1 : 0)
                   | ((data & (0x8000 >> tx)) ? 2 : 0);
+
     line[ox] = status.bgp[palette];
+    origin[ox] = Origin::BG;
 
     ix = (ix + 1) & 255;
     tx = (tx + 1) & 7;
@@ -107,15 +114,19 @@ void LCD::render_bg() {
 }
 
 void LCD::render_window() {
-  if(status.ly - status.wy >= 144U) return;
-  unsigned iy = status.ly - status.wy;
-  unsigned ix = (status.wx - 7) & 255, tx = ix & 7;
+  if(status.ly - status.wy >= 144u) return;
+  if(status.wx >= 167u) return;
+  unsigned iy = status.wyc++;
+  unsigned ix = (7 - status.wx) & 255, tx = ix & 7;
   unsigned data = read_tile(status.window_tilemap_select, ix, iy);
 
   for(unsigned ox = 0; ox < 160; ox++) {
     uint8 palette = ((data & (0x0080 >> tx)) ? 1 : 0)
                   | ((data & (0x8000 >> tx)) ? 2 : 0);
-    if(ox - (status.wx - 7) < 160U) line[ox] = status.bgp[palette];
+    if(ox - (status.wx - 7) < 160U) {
+      line[ox] = status.bgp[palette];
+      origin[ox] = Origin::Window;
+    }
 
     ix = (ix + 1) & 255;
     tx = (tx + 1) & 7;
@@ -125,6 +136,8 @@ void LCD::render_window() {
 }
 
 void LCD::render_obj() {
+  enum : unsigned { Priority = 0x80, YFlip = 0x40, XFlip = 0x20, Palette = 0x10 };
+
   unsigned obj_size = (status.obj_size == 0 ? 8 : 16);
 
   unsigned sprite[10], sprites = 0;
@@ -164,26 +177,29 @@ void LCD::render_obj() {
 
     sy = status.ly - sy;
     if(sy >= obj_size) continue;
-    if(attribute & 0x40) sy ^= (obj_size - 1);
+    if(attribute & YFlip) sy ^= (obj_size - 1);
 
     unsigned tdaddr = (tile << 4) + (sy << 1);
     uint8 d0 = vram[tdaddr + 0];
     uint8 d1 = vram[tdaddr + 1];
-    unsigned xflip = attribute & 0x20 ? 7 : 0;
+    unsigned xflip = attribute & XFlip ? 7 : 0;
 
     for(unsigned tx = 0; tx < 8; tx++) {
       uint8 palette = ((d0 & (0x80 >> tx)) ? 1 : 0)
                     | ((d1 & (0x80 >> tx)) ? 2 : 0);
       if(palette == 0) continue;
 
-      palette = status.obp[(bool)(attribute & 0x10)][palette];
+      palette = status.obp[(bool)(attribute & Palette)][palette];
       unsigned ox = sx + (tx ^ xflip);
 
       if(ox <= 159) {
-        if(attribute & 0x80) {
-          if(line[ox] > 0) continue;
+        if(attribute & Priority) {
+          if(origin[ox] == Origin::BG || origin[ox] == Origin::Window) {
+            if(line[ox] > 0) continue;
+          }
         }
         line[ox] = palette;
+        origin[ox] = Origin::OBJ;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -202,6 +218,7 @@ void LCD::power() {
   for(unsigned n = 0; n < 160 * 144; n++) screen[n] = 0x00;
 
   status.lx = 0;
+  status.wyc = 0;
 
   status.display_enable = 0;
   status.window_tilemap_select = 0;

bsnes/gameboy/lcd/lcd.hpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ struct LCD : Processor, MMIO {
 
   struct Status {
     unsigned lx;
+    unsigned wyc;
 
     //$ff40  LCDC
     bool display_enable;
@@ -51,6 +52,9 @@ struct LCD : Processor, MMIO {
   uint8 oam[160];
   uint8 line[160];
 
+  struct Origin { enum : unsigned { None, BG, Window, OBJ }; };
+  uint8 origin[160];
+
   static void Main();
   void main();
   void add_clocks(unsigned clocks);

bsnes/gameboy/lcd/mmio/mmio.cpp

@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ uint8 LCD::mmio_read(uint16 addr) {
 
   if(addr == 0xff41) {  //STAT
     unsigned mode;
-    if(status.ly >= 144) mode = 1;      //Vblank
-    else if(status.lx < 80) mode = 2;   //OAM
+    if(status.ly >= 144) mode = 1;  //Vblank
+    else if(status.lx < 80) mode = 2;  //OAM
     else if(status.lx < 252) mode = 3;  //LCD
-    else mode = 0;                      //Hblank
+    else mode = 0;  //Hblank
 
     return (status.interrupt_lyc << 6)
          | (status.interrupt_oam << 5)
@@ -83,6 +83,10 @@ void LCD::mmio_write(uint16 addr, uint8 data) {
   if(addr >= 0xfe00 && addr <= 0xfe9f) { oam[addr & 0xff] = data; return; }
 
   if(addr == 0xff40) {  //LCDC
+    if(status.display_enable == false && (data & 0x80)) {
+      status.lx = 0;  //unverified behavior; fixes Super Mario Land 2 - Tree Zone
+    }
+
     status.display_enable = data & 0x80;
     status.window_tilemap_select = data & 0x40;
     status.window_display_enable = data & 0x20;

bsnes/gameboy/lcd/serialization.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 void LCD::serialize(serializer &s) {
   s.integer(status.lx);
+  s.integer(status.wyc);
 
   s.integer(status.display_enable);
   s.integer(status.window_tilemap_select);
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ void LCD::serialize(serializer &s) {
   s.array(vram);
   s.array(oam);
   s.array(line);
+  s.array(origin);
 }
 
 #endif

bsnes/gameboy/memory/memory.cpp

@@ -42,7 +42,20 @@ Memory::~Memory() {
 //
 
 uint8 Bus::read(uint16 addr) {
-  return mmio[addr]->mmio_read(addr);
+  uint8 data = mmio[addr]->mmio_read(addr);
+
+  if(cheat.override[addr]) {
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < cheat.size(); n++) {
+      if(cheat[n].addr == addr) {
+        if(cheat[n].comp > 255 || cheat[n].comp == data) {
+          data = cheat[n].data;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return data;
 }
 
 void Bus::write(uint16 addr, uint8 data) {

bsnes/gameboy/system/system.cpp

@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ void System::runthreadtosave() {
   }
 }
 
-void System::init(Interface *interface_) {
-  interface = interface_;
+void System::init() {
+  assert(interface != 0);
 }
 
 void System::load() {

bsnes/gameboy/system/system.hpp

@@ -14,11 +14,10 @@ struct System {
   void runtosave();
   void runthreadtosave();
 
-  void init(Interface*);
+  void init();
   void load();
   void power();
 
-  Interface *interface;
   unsigned clocks_executed;
 
   //serialization.cpp

bsnes/nall/Makefile

@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ ifeq ($(compiler),)
   ifeq ($(platform),win)
     compiler := gcc
   else ifeq ($(platform),osx)
-    compiler := gcc-mp-4.5
+    compiler := gcc-mp-4.6
   else
-    compiler := gcc-4.5
+    compiler := gcc-4.6
   endif
 endif
 

bsnes/nall/array.hpp

@@ -2,13 +2,12 @@
 #define NALL_ARRAY_HPP
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 #include <nall/algorithm.hpp>
 #include <nall/bit.hpp>
-#include <nall/concept.hpp>
-#include <nall/foreach.hpp>
 #include <nall/utility.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ namespace nall {
 
     void reset() {
       if(pool) free(pool);
-      pool = 0;
+      pool = nullptr;
       poolsize = 0;
       buffersize = 0;
     }
@@ -54,15 +53,12 @@ namespace nall {
       operator[](buffersize) = data;
     }
 
-    template<typename U> void insert(unsigned index, const U list) {
-      unsigned listsize = container_size(list);
-      resize(buffersize + listsize);
-      memmove(pool + index + listsize, pool + index, (buffersize - index) * sizeof(T));
-      foreach(item, list) pool[index++] = item;
+    void append(const T data[], unsigned length) {
+      for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) operator[](buffersize) = data[n];
     }
 
-    void insert(unsigned index, const T item) {
-      insert(index, array<T>{ item });
+    void remove() {
+      if(size > 0) resize(size - 1);  //remove last element only
     }
 
     void remove(unsigned index, unsigned count = 1) {
@@ -82,10 +78,10 @@ namespace nall {
       memset(pool, 0, buffersize * sizeof(T));
     }
 
-    array() : pool(0), poolsize(0), buffersize(0) {
+    array() : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), buffersize(0) {
     }
 
-    array(std::initializer_list<T> list) : pool(0), poolsize(0), buffersize(0) {
+    array(std::initializer_list<T> list) : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), buffersize(0) {
       for(const T *p = list.begin(); p != list.end(); ++p) append(*p);
     }
 
@@ -103,7 +99,7 @@ namespace nall {
       return *this;
     }
 
-    array(const array &source) : pool(0), poolsize(0), buffersize(0) {
+    array(const array &source) : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), buffersize(0) {
       operator=(source);
     }
 
@@ -113,12 +109,12 @@ namespace nall {
       pool = source.pool;
       poolsize = source.poolsize;
       buffersize = source.buffersize;
-      source.pool = 0;
+      source.pool = nullptr;
       source.reset();
       return *this;
     }
 
-    array(array &&source) : pool(0), poolsize(0), buffersize(0) {
+    array(array &&source) : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), buffersize(0) {
       operator=(std::move(source));
     }
 
@@ -133,9 +129,13 @@ namespace nall {
       if(index >= buffersize) throw "array[] out of bounds";
       return pool[index];
     }
-  };
 
-  template<typename T> struct has_size<array<T>> { enum { value = true }; };
+    //iteration
+    T* begin() { return &pool[0]; }
+    T* end() { return &pool[buffersize]; }
+    const T* begin() const { return &pool[0]; }
+    const T* end() const { return &pool[buffersize]; }
+  };
 }
 
 #endif

bsnes/nall/atoi.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#ifndef NALL_ATOI_HPP
+#define NALL_ATOI_HPP
+
+namespace nall {
+
+//note: this header is intended to form the base for user-defined literals;
+//once they are supported by GCC. eg:
+//unsigned operator "" b(const char *s) { return binary(s); }
+//-> signed data = 1001b;
+//(0b1001 is nicer, but is not part of the C++ standard)
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t binary_(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+  return (
+    *s == '0' || *s == '1' ? binary_(s + 1, (sum << 1) | *s - '0') :
+    sum
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t octal_(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+  return (
+    *s >= '0' && *s <= '7' ? octal_(s + 1, (sum << 3) | *s - '0') :
+    sum
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t decimal_(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+  return (
+    *s >= '0' && *s <= '9' ? decimal_(s + 1, (sum * 10) + *s - '0') :
+    sum
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t hex_(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+  return (
+    *s >= 'A' && *s <= 'F' ? hex_(s + 1, (sum << 4) | *s - 'A' + 10) :
+    *s >= 'a' && *s <= 'f' ? hex_(s + 1, (sum << 4) | *s - 'a' + 10) :
+    *s >= '0' && *s <= '9' ? hex_(s + 1, (sum << 4) | *s - '0') :
+    sum
+  );
+}
+
+//
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t binary(const char *s) {
+  return (
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'B' ? binary_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'b' ? binary_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '%' ? binary_(s + 1) :
+    binary_(s)
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t octal(const char *s) {
+  return (
+    octal_(s)
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline intmax_t integer(const char *s) {
+  return (
+    *s == '+' ? +decimal_(s + 1) :
+    *s == '-' ? -decimal_(s + 1) :
+    decimal_(s)
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t decimal(const char *s) {
+  return (
+    decimal_(s)
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t hex(const char *s) {
+  return (
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'X' ? hex_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'x' ? hex_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '$' ? hex_(s + 1) :
+    hex_(s)
+  );
+}
+
+inline double fp(const char *s) {
+  return atof(s);
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/base64.hpp

@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 #include <nall/stdint.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
-  class base64 {
-  public:
+  struct base64 {
     static bool encode(char *&output, const uint8_t* input, unsigned inlength) {
       output = new char[inlength * 8 / 6 + 6]();
 
@@ -72,6 +71,7 @@ namespace nall {
 
   private:
     static char enc(uint8_t n) {
+      //base64 for URL encodings
       static char lookup_table[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_";
       return lookup_table[n & 63];
     }

bsnes/nall/bit.hpp

@@ -2,39 +2,39 @@
 #define NALL_BIT_HPP
 
 namespace nall {
-  template<int bits> inline unsigned uclamp(const unsigned x) {
+  template<int bits> constexpr inline unsigned uclamp(const unsigned x) {
     enum { y = (1U << (bits - 1)) + ((1U << (bits - 1)) - 1) };
     return y + ((x - y) & -(x < y));  //min(x, y);
   }
 
-  template<int bits> inline unsigned uclip(const unsigned x) {
+  template<int bits> constexpr inline unsigned uclip(const unsigned x) {
     enum { m = (1U << (bits - 1)) + ((1U << (bits - 1)) - 1) };
     return (x & m);
   }
 
-  template<int bits> inline signed sclamp(const signed x) {
+  template<int bits> constexpr inline signed sclamp(const signed x) {
     enum { b = 1U << (bits - 1), m = (1U << (bits - 1)) - 1 };
     return (x > m) ? m : (x < -b) ? -b : x;
   }
 
-  template<int bits> inline signed sclip(const signed x) {
+  template<int bits> constexpr inline signed sclip(const signed x) {
     enum { b = 1U << (bits - 1), m = (1U << bits) - 1 };
     return ((x & m) ^ b) - b;
   }
 
   namespace bit {
     //lowest(0b1110) == 0b0010
-    template<typename T> inline T lowest(const T x) {
+    template<typename T> constexpr inline T lowest(const T x) {
       return x & -x;
     }
 
     //clear_lowest(0b1110) == 0b1100
-    template<typename T> inline T clear_lowest(const T x) {
+    template<typename T> constexpr inline T clear_lowest(const T x) {
       return x & (x - 1);
     }
 
     //set_lowest(0b0101) == 0b0111
-    template<typename T> inline T set_lowest(const T x) {
+    template<typename T> constexpr inline T set_lowest(const T x) {
       return x | (x + 1);
     }
 

bsnes/nall/bmp.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#ifndef NALL_BMP_HPP
+#define NALL_BMP_HPP
+
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+
+//BMP reader / writer
+//author: byuu
+//note: only 24-bit RGB and 32-bit ARGB uncompressed images supported
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct bmp {
+  inline static bool read(const string &filename, uint32_t *&data, unsigned &width, unsigned &height);
+  inline static bool write(const string &filename, const uint32_t *data, unsigned width, unsigned height, unsigned pitch, bool alpha = false);
+};
+
+bool bmp::read(const string &filename, uint32_t *&data, unsigned &width, unsigned &height) {
+  file fp;
+  if(fp.open(filename, file::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  if(fp.size() < 0x36) return false;
+
+  if(fp.readm(2) != 0x424d) return false;
+  fp.seek(0x000a);
+  unsigned offset = fp.readl(4);
+  unsigned dibsize = fp.readl(4);
+  if(dibsize != 40) return false;
+  signed headerWidth = fp.readl(4);
+  if(headerWidth < 0) return false;
+  signed headerHeight = fp.readl(4);
+  fp.readl(2);
+  unsigned bitsPerPixel = fp.readl(2);
+  if(bitsPerPixel != 24 && bitsPerPixel != 32) return false;
+  unsigned compression = fp.readl(4);
+  if(compression != 0) return false;
+  fp.seek(offset);
+
+  bool noFlip = headerHeight < 0;
+  width = headerWidth, height = abs(headerHeight);
+  data = new uint32_t[width * height];
+
+  unsigned bytesPerPixel = bitsPerPixel / 8;
+  unsigned alignedWidth  = width * bytesPerPixel;
+  unsigned paddingLength = 0;
+  while(alignedWidth % 4) alignedWidth++, paddingLength++;
+
+  for(unsigned y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+    uint32_t *p = noFlip ? data + y * width : data + (height - 1 - y) * width;
+    for(unsigned x = 0; x < width; x++, p++) {
+      *p = fp.readl(bytesPerPixel);
+      if(bytesPerPixel == 3) *p |= 255 << 24;
+    }
+    if(paddingLength) fp.readl(paddingLength);
+  }
+
+  fp.close();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool bmp::write(const string &filename, const uint32_t *data, unsigned width, unsigned height, unsigned pitch, bool alpha) {
+  file fp;
+  if(fp.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
+
+  unsigned bitsPerPixel  = alpha ? 32 : 24;
+  unsigned bytesPerPixel = bitsPerPixel / 8;
+  unsigned alignedWidth  = width * bytesPerPixel;
+  unsigned paddingLength = 0;
+  unsigned imageSize     = alignedWidth * height;
+  unsigned fileSize      = 0x36 + imageSize;
+  while(alignedWidth % 4) alignedWidth++, paddingLength++;
+
+  fp.writem(0x424d, 2);        //signature
+  fp.writel(fileSize, 4);      //file size
+  fp.writel(0, 2);             //reserved
+  fp.writel(0, 2);             //reserved
+  fp.writel(0x36, 4);          //offset
+
+  fp.writel(40, 4);            //DIB size
+  fp.writel(width, 4);         //width
+  fp.writel(-height, 4);       //height
+  fp.writel(1, 2);             //color planes
+  fp.writel(bitsPerPixel, 2);  //bits per pixel
+  fp.writel(0, 4);             //compression method (BI_RGB)
+  fp.writel(imageSize, 4);     //image data size
+  fp.writel(3780, 4);          //horizontal resolution
+  fp.writel(3780, 4);          //vertical resolution
+  fp.writel(0, 4);             //palette size
+  fp.writel(0, 4);             //important color count
+
+  for(unsigned y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+    const uint32_t *p = (const uint32_t*)((const uint8_t*)data + y * pitch);
+    for(unsigned x = 0; x < width; x++) fp.writel(*p++, bytesPerPixel);
+    if(paddingLength) fp.writel(0, paddingLength);
+  }
+
+  fp.close();
+  return true;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/bps/delta.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+#ifndef NALL_BPS_DELTA_HPP
+#define NALL_BPS_DELTA_HPP
+
+#include <nall/crc32.hpp>
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/filemap.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct bpsdelta {
+  inline void source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline void target(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+
+  inline bool source(const string &filename);
+  inline bool target(const string &filename);
+  inline bool create(const string &filename, const string &metadata = "");
+
+protected:
+  enum : unsigned { SourceRead, TargetRead, SourceCopy, TargetCopy };
+  enum : unsigned { Granularity = 1 };
+
+  struct Node {
+    unsigned offset;
+    Node *next;
+    inline Node() : offset(0), next(nullptr) {}
+    inline ~Node() { if(next) delete next; }
+  };
+
+  filemap sourceFile;
+  const uint8_t *sourceData;
+  unsigned sourceSize;
+
+  filemap targetFile;
+  const uint8_t *targetData;
+  unsigned targetSize;
+};
+
+void bpsdelta::source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  sourceData = data;
+  sourceSize = size;
+}
+
+void bpsdelta::target(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  targetData = data;
+  targetSize = size;
+}
+
+bool bpsdelta::source(const string &filename) {
+  if(sourceFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  source(sourceFile.data(), sourceFile.size());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool bpsdelta::target(const string &filename) {
+  if(targetFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  target(targetFile.data(), targetFile.size());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool bpsdelta::create(const string &filename, const string &metadata) {
+  file modifyFile;
+  if(modifyFile.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
+
+  uint32_t sourceChecksum = ~0, modifyChecksum = ~0;
+  unsigned sourceRelativeOffset = 0, targetRelativeOffset = 0, outputOffset = 0;
+
+  auto write = [&](uint8_t data) {
+    modifyFile.write(data);
+    modifyChecksum = crc32_adjust(modifyChecksum, data);
+  };
+
+  auto encode = [&](uint64_t data) {
+    while(true) {
+      uint64_t x = data & 0x7f;
+      data >>= 7;
+      if(data == 0) {
+        write(0x80 | x);
+        break;
+      }
+      write(x);
+      data--;
+    }
+  };
+
+  write('B');
+  write('P');
+  write('S');
+  write('1');
+
+  encode(sourceSize);
+  encode(targetSize);
+
+  unsigned markupSize = metadata.length();
+  encode(markupSize);
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < markupSize; n++) write(metadata[n]);
+
+  Node *sourceTree[65536], *targetTree[65536];
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 65536; n++) sourceTree[n] = 0, targetTree[n] = 0;
+
+  //source tree creation
+  for(unsigned offset = 0; offset < sourceSize; offset++) {
+    uint16_t symbol = sourceData[offset + 0];
+    sourceChecksum = crc32_adjust(sourceChecksum, symbol);
+    if(offset < sourceSize - 1) symbol |= sourceData[offset + 1] << 8;
+    Node *node = new Node;
+    node->offset = offset;
+    node->next = sourceTree[symbol];
+    sourceTree[symbol] = node;
+  }
+
+  unsigned targetReadLength = 0;
+
+  auto targetReadFlush = [&]() {
+    if(targetReadLength) {
+      encode(TargetRead | ((targetReadLength - 1) << 2));
+      unsigned offset = outputOffset - targetReadLength;
+      while(targetReadLength) write(targetData[offset++]), targetReadLength--;
+    }
+  };
+
+  while(outputOffset < targetSize) {
+    unsigned maxLength = 0, maxOffset = 0, mode = TargetRead;
+
+    uint16_t symbol = targetData[outputOffset + 0];
+    if(outputOffset < targetSize - 1) symbol |= targetData[outputOffset + 1] << 8;
+
+    { //source read
+      unsigned length = 0, offset = outputOffset;
+      while(offset < sourceSize && offset < targetSize && sourceData[offset] == targetData[offset]) {
+        length++;
+        offset++;
+      }
+      if(length > maxLength) maxLength = length, mode = SourceRead;
+    }
+
+    { //source copy
+      Node *node = sourceTree[symbol];
+      while(node) {
+        unsigned length = 0, x = node->offset, y = outputOffset;
+        while(x < sourceSize && y < targetSize && sourceData[x++] == targetData[y++]) length++;
+        if(length > maxLength) maxLength = length, maxOffset = node->offset, mode = SourceCopy;
+        node = node->next;
+      }
+    }
+
+    { //target copy
+      Node *node = targetTree[symbol];
+      while(node) {
+        unsigned length = 0, x = node->offset, y = outputOffset;
+        while(y < targetSize && targetData[x++] == targetData[y++]) length++;
+        if(length > maxLength) maxLength = length, maxOffset = node->offset, mode = TargetCopy;
+        node = node->next;
+      }
+
+      //target tree append
+      node = new Node;
+      node->offset = outputOffset;
+      node->next = targetTree[symbol];
+      targetTree[symbol] = node;
+    }
+
+    { //target read
+      if(maxLength < 4) {
+        maxLength = min((unsigned)Granularity, targetSize - outputOffset);
+        mode = TargetRead;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if(mode != TargetRead) targetReadFlush();
+
+    switch(mode) {
+    case SourceRead:
+      encode(SourceRead | ((maxLength - 1) << 2));
+      break;
+    case TargetRead:
+      //delay write to group sequential TargetRead commands into one
+      targetReadLength += maxLength;
+      break;
+    case SourceCopy:
+    case TargetCopy:
+      encode(mode | ((maxLength - 1) << 2));
+      signed relativeOffset;
+      if(mode == SourceCopy) {
+        relativeOffset = maxOffset - sourceRelativeOffset;
+        sourceRelativeOffset = maxOffset + maxLength;
+      } else {
+        relativeOffset = maxOffset - targetRelativeOffset;
+        targetRelativeOffset = maxOffset + maxLength;
+      }
+      encode((relativeOffset < 0) | (abs(relativeOffset) << 1));
+      break;
+    }
+
+    outputOffset += maxLength;
+  }
+
+  targetReadFlush();
+
+  sourceChecksum = ~sourceChecksum;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) write(sourceChecksum >> n);
+  uint32_t targetChecksum = crc32_calculate(targetData, targetSize);
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) write(targetChecksum >> n);
+  uint32_t outputChecksum = ~modifyChecksum;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) write(outputChecksum >> n);
+
+  modifyFile.close();
+  return true;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/bps/linear.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#ifndef NALL_BPS_LINEAR_HPP
+#define NALL_BPS_LINEAR_HPP
+
+#include <nall/crc32.hpp>
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/filemap.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct bpslinear {
+  inline void source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline void target(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+
+  inline bool source(const string &filename);
+  inline bool target(const string &filename);
+  inline bool create(const string &filename, const string &metadata = "");
+
+protected:
+  enum : unsigned { SourceRead, TargetRead, SourceCopy, TargetCopy };
+  enum : unsigned { Granularity = 1 };
+
+  filemap sourceFile;
+  const uint8_t *sourceData;
+  unsigned sourceSize;
+
+  filemap targetFile;
+  const uint8_t *targetData;
+  unsigned targetSize;
+};
+
+void bpslinear::source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  sourceData = data;
+  sourceSize = size;
+}
+
+void bpslinear::target(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  targetData = data;
+  targetSize = size;
+}
+
+bool bpslinear::source(const string &filename) {
+  if(sourceFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  source(sourceFile.data(), sourceFile.size());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool bpslinear::target(const string &filename) {
+  if(targetFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  target(targetFile.data(), targetFile.size());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool bpslinear::create(const string &filename, const string &metadata) {
+  file modifyFile;
+  if(modifyFile.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
+
+  uint32_t modifyChecksum = ~0;
+  unsigned targetRelativeOffset = 0, outputOffset = 0;
+
+  auto write = [&](uint8_t data) {
+    modifyFile.write(data);
+    modifyChecksum = crc32_adjust(modifyChecksum, data);
+  };
+
+  auto encode = [&](uint64_t data) {
+    while(true) {
+      uint64_t x = data & 0x7f;
+      data >>= 7;
+      if(data == 0) {
+        write(0x80 | x);
+        break;
+      }
+      write(x);
+      data--;
+    }
+  };
+
+  unsigned targetReadLength = 0;
+
+  auto targetReadFlush = [&]() {
+    if(targetReadLength) {
+      encode(TargetRead | ((targetReadLength - 1) << 2));
+      unsigned offset = outputOffset - targetReadLength;
+      while(targetReadLength) write(targetData[offset++]), targetReadLength--;
+    }
+  };
+
+  write('B');
+  write('P');
+  write('S');
+  write('1');
+
+  encode(sourceSize);
+  encode(targetSize);
+
+  unsigned markupSize = metadata.length();
+  encode(markupSize);
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < markupSize; n++) write(metadata[n]);
+
+  while(outputOffset < targetSize) {
+    unsigned sourceLength = 0;
+    for(unsigned n = 0; outputOffset + n < min(sourceSize, targetSize); n++) {
+      if(sourceData[outputOffset + n] != targetData[outputOffset + n]) break;
+      sourceLength++;
+    }
+
+    unsigned rleLength = 0;
+    for(unsigned n = 1; outputOffset + n < targetSize; n++) {
+      if(targetData[outputOffset] != targetData[outputOffset + n]) break;
+      rleLength++;
+    }
+
+    if(rleLength >= 4) {
+      //write byte to repeat
+      targetReadLength++;
+      outputOffset++;
+      targetReadFlush();
+
+      //copy starting from repetition byte
+      encode(TargetCopy | ((rleLength - 1) << 2));
+      unsigned relativeOffset = (outputOffset - 1) - targetRelativeOffset;
+      encode(relativeOffset << 1);
+      outputOffset += rleLength;
+      targetRelativeOffset = outputOffset - 1;
+    } else if(sourceLength >= 4) {
+      targetReadFlush();
+      encode(SourceRead | ((sourceLength - 1) << 2));
+      outputOffset += sourceLength;
+    } else {
+      targetReadLength += Granularity;
+      outputOffset += Granularity;
+    }
+  }
+
+  targetReadFlush();
+
+  uint32_t sourceChecksum = crc32_calculate(sourceData, sourceSize);
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) write(sourceChecksum >> n);
+  uint32_t targetChecksum = crc32_calculate(targetData, targetSize);
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) write(targetChecksum >> n);
+  uint32_t outputChecksum = ~modifyChecksum;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) write(outputChecksum >> n);
+
+  modifyFile.close();
+  return true;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/bps/metadata.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#ifndef NALL_BPS_METADATA_HPP
+#define NALL_BPS_METADATA_HPP
+
+#include <nall/crc32.hpp>
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/filemap.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct bpsmetadata {
+  inline bool load(const string &filename);
+  inline bool save(const string &filename, const string &metadata);
+  inline string metadata() const;
+
+protected:
+  file sourceFile;
+  string metadataString;
+};
+
+bool bpsmetadata::load(const string &filename) {
+  if(sourceFile.open(filename, file::mode::read) == false) return false;
+
+  auto read = [&]() -> uint8_t {
+    return sourceFile.read();
+  };
+
+  auto decode = [&]() -> uint64_t {
+    uint64_t data = 0, shift = 1;
+    while(true) {
+      uint8_t x = read();
+      data += (x & 0x7f) * shift;
+      if(x & 0x80) break;
+      shift <<= 7;
+      data += shift;
+    }
+    return data;
+  };
+
+  if(read() != 'B') return false;
+  if(read() != 'P') return false;
+  if(read() != 'S') return false;
+  if(read() != '1') return false;
+  decode();
+  decode();
+  unsigned metadataSize = decode();
+  char data[metadataSize + 1];
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < metadataSize; n++) data[n] = read();
+  data[metadataSize] = 0;
+  metadataString = (const char*)data;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool bpsmetadata::save(const string &filename, const string &metadata) {
+  file targetFile;
+  if(targetFile.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
+  if(sourceFile.open() == false) return false;
+  sourceFile.seek(0);
+
+  auto read = [&]() -> uint8_t {
+    return sourceFile.read();
+  };
+
+  auto decode = [&]() -> uint64_t {
+    uint64_t data = 0, shift = 1;
+    while(true) {
+      uint8_t x = read();
+      data += (x & 0x7f) * shift;
+      if(x & 0x80) break;
+      shift <<= 7;
+      data += shift;
+    }
+    return data;
+  };
+
+  uint32_t checksum = ~0;
+
+  auto write = [&](uint8_t data) {
+    targetFile.write(data);
+    checksum = crc32_adjust(checksum, data);
+  };
+
+  auto encode = [&](uint64_t data) {
+    while(true) {
+      uint64_t x = data & 0x7f;
+      data >>= 7;
+      if(data == 0) {
+        write(0x80 | x);
+        break;
+      }
+      write(x);
+      data--;
+    }
+  };
+
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 4; n++) write(read());
+  encode(decode());
+  encode(decode());
+  unsigned sourceLength = decode();
+  unsigned targetLength = metadata.length();
+  encode(targetLength);
+  sourceFile.seek(sourceLength, file::index::relative);
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < targetLength; n++) write(metadata[n]);
+  unsigned length = sourceFile.size() - sourceFile.offset() - 4;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) write(read());
+  uint32_t outputChecksum = ~checksum;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) write(outputChecksum >> n);
+
+  targetFile.close();
+  return true;
+}
+
+string bpsmetadata::metadata() const {
+  return metadataString;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/bps/patch.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+#ifndef NALL_BPS_PATCH_HPP
+#define NALL_BPS_PATCH_HPP
+
+#include <nall/crc32.hpp>
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/filemap.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct bpspatch {
+  inline bool modify(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline void source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline void target(uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+
+  inline bool modify(const string &filename);
+  inline bool source(const string &filename);
+  inline bool target(const string &filename);
+
+  inline string metadata() const;
+  inline unsigned size() const;
+
+  enum result : unsigned {
+    unknown,
+    success,
+    patch_too_small,
+    patch_invalid_header,
+    source_too_small,
+    target_too_small,
+    source_checksum_invalid,
+    target_checksum_invalid,
+    patch_checksum_invalid,
+  };
+
+  inline result apply();
+
+protected:
+  enum : unsigned { SourceRead, TargetRead, SourceCopy, TargetCopy };
+
+  filemap modifyFile;
+  const uint8_t *modifyData;
+  unsigned modifySize;
+
+  filemap sourceFile;
+  const uint8_t *sourceData;
+  unsigned sourceSize;
+
+  filemap targetFile;
+  uint8_t *targetData;
+  unsigned targetSize;
+
+  unsigned modifySourceSize;
+  unsigned modifyTargetSize;
+  unsigned modifyMarkupSize;
+  string metadataString;
+};
+
+bool bpspatch::modify(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  if(size < 19) return false;
+  modifyData = data;
+  modifySize = size;
+
+  unsigned offset = 4;
+  auto decode = [&]() -> uint64_t {
+    uint64_t data = 0, shift = 1;
+    while(true) {
+      uint8_t x = modifyData[offset++];
+      data += (x & 0x7f) * shift;
+      if(x & 0x80) break;
+      shift <<= 7;
+      data += shift;
+    }
+    return data;
+  };
+
+  modifySourceSize = decode();
+  modifyTargetSize = decode();
+  modifyMarkupSize = decode();
+
+  char buffer[modifyMarkupSize + 1];
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < modifyMarkupSize; n++) buffer[n] = modifyData[offset++];
+  buffer[modifyMarkupSize] = 0;
+  metadataString = (const char*)buffer;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void bpspatch::source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  sourceData = data;
+  sourceSize = size;
+}
+
+void bpspatch::target(uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  targetData = data;
+  targetSize = size;
+}
+
+bool bpspatch::modify(const string &filename) {
+  if(modifyFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  return modify(modifyFile.data(), modifyFile.size());
+}
+
+bool bpspatch::source(const string &filename) {
+  if(sourceFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  source(sourceFile.data(), sourceFile.size());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool bpspatch::target(const string &filename) {
+  file fp;
+  if(fp.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
+  fp.truncate(modifyTargetSize);
+  fp.close();
+
+  if(targetFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::readwrite) == false) return false;
+  target(targetFile.data(), targetFile.size());
+  return true;
+}
+
+string bpspatch::metadata() const {
+  return metadataString;
+}
+
+unsigned bpspatch::size() const {
+  return modifyTargetSize;
+}
+
+bpspatch::result bpspatch::apply() {
+  if(modifySize < 19) return result::patch_too_small;
+
+  uint32_t modifyChecksum = ~0, targetChecksum = ~0;
+  unsigned modifyOffset = 0, sourceRelativeOffset = 0, targetRelativeOffset = 0, outputOffset = 0;
+
+  auto read = [&]() -> uint8_t {
+    uint8_t data = modifyData[modifyOffset++];
+    modifyChecksum = crc32_adjust(modifyChecksum, data);
+    return data;
+  };
+
+  auto decode = [&]() -> uint64_t {
+    uint64_t data = 0, shift = 1;
+    while(true) {
+      uint8_t x = read();
+      data += (x & 0x7f) * shift;
+      if(x & 0x80) break;
+      shift <<= 7;
+      data += shift;
+    }
+    return data;
+  };
+
+  auto write = [&](uint8_t data) {
+    targetData[outputOffset++] = data;
+    targetChecksum = crc32_adjust(targetChecksum, data);
+  };
+
+  if(read() != 'B') return result::patch_invalid_header;
+  if(read() != 'P') return result::patch_invalid_header;
+  if(read() != 'S') return result::patch_invalid_header;
+  if(read() != '1') return result::patch_invalid_header;
+
+  modifySourceSize = decode();
+  modifyTargetSize = decode();
+  modifyMarkupSize = decode();
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < modifyMarkupSize; n++) read();
+
+  if(modifySourceSize > sourceSize) return result::source_too_small;
+  if(modifyTargetSize > targetSize) return result::target_too_small;
+
+  while(modifyOffset < modifySize - 12) {
+    unsigned length = decode();
+    unsigned mode = length & 3;
+    length = (length >> 2) + 1;
+
+    switch(mode) {
+    case SourceRead:
+      while(length--) write(sourceData[outputOffset]);
+      break;
+    case TargetRead:
+      while(length--) write(read());
+      break;
+    case SourceCopy:
+    case TargetCopy:
+      signed offset = decode();
+      bool negative = offset & 1;
+      offset >>= 1;
+      if(negative) offset = -offset;
+
+      if(mode == SourceCopy) {
+        sourceRelativeOffset += offset;
+        while(length--) write(sourceData[sourceRelativeOffset++]);
+      } else {
+        targetRelativeOffset += offset;
+        while(length--) write(targetData[targetRelativeOffset++]);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  uint32_t modifySourceChecksum = 0, modifyTargetChecksum = 0, modifyModifyChecksum = 0;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) modifySourceChecksum |= read() << n;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) modifyTargetChecksum |= read() << n;
+  uint32_t checksum = ~modifyChecksum;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) modifyModifyChecksum |= read() << n;
+
+  uint32_t sourceChecksum = crc32_calculate(sourceData, modifySourceSize);
+  targetChecksum = ~targetChecksum;
+
+  if(sourceChecksum != modifySourceChecksum) return result::source_checksum_invalid;
+  if(targetChecksum != modifyTargetChecksum) return result::target_checksum_invalid;
+  if(checksum != modifyModifyChecksum) return result::patch_checksum_invalid;
+
+  return result::success;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/compositor.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#ifndef NALL_COMPOSITOR_HPP
+#define NALL_COMPOSITOR_HPP
+
+#include <nall/intrinsics.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct compositor {
+  inline static bool enabled();
+  inline static bool enable(bool status);
+};
+
+#if defined(PLATFORM_X)
+
+bool compositor::enabled() {
+  FILE *fp = popen("xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p '/general/use_compositing'", "r");
+  if(fp == 0) return false;
+
+  char buffer[512];
+  if(fgets(buffer, sizeof buffer, fp) == 0) return false;
+
+  if(!memcmp(buffer, "true", 4)) return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool compositor::enable(bool status) {
+  FILE *fp;
+  if(status) {
+    fp = popen("xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p '/general/use_compositing' -t 'bool' -s 'true'", "r");
+  } else {
+    fp = popen("xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p '/general/use_compositing' -t 'bool' -s 'false'", "r");
+  }
+  if(fp == 0) return false;
+  pclose(fp);
+  return true;
+}
+
+#elif defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+
+bool compositor::enabled() {
+  HMODULE module = GetModuleHandleW(L"dwmapi");
+  if(module == 0) module = LoadLibraryW(L"dwmapi");
+  if(module == 0) return false;
+
+  auto pDwmIsCompositionEnabled = (HRESULT (WINAPI*)(BOOL*))GetProcAddress(module, "DwmIsCompositionEnabled");
+  if(pDwmIsCompositionEnabled == 0) return false;
+
+  BOOL result;
+  if(pDwmIsCompositionEnabled(&result) != S_OK) return false;
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool compositor::enable(bool status) {
+  HMODULE module = GetModuleHandleW(L"dwmapi");
+  if(module == 0) module = LoadLibraryW(L"dwmapi");
+  if(module == 0) return false;
+
+  auto pDwmEnableComposition = (HRESULT (WINAPI*)(UINT))GetProcAddress(module, "DwmEnableComposition");
+  if(pDwmEnableComposition == 0) return false;
+
+  if(pDwmEnableComposition(status) != S_OK) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+#else
+
+bool compositor::enabled() {
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool compositor::enable(bool) {
+  return false;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/concept.hpp

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef NALL_CONCEPT_HPP
-#define NALL_CONCEPT_HPP
-
-#include <nall/static.hpp>
-#include <nall/utility.hpp>
-
-namespace nall {
-  //unsigned count() const;
-  template<typename T> struct has_count { enum { value = false }; };
-
-  //unsigned length() const;
-  template<typename T> struct has_length { enum { value = false }; };
-
-  //unsigned size() const;
-  template<typename T> struct has_size { enum { value = false }; };
-
-  template<typename T> unsigned container_size(const T& object, typename mp_enable_if<has_count<T>>::type = 0) {
-    return object.count();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T> unsigned container_size(const T& object, typename mp_enable_if<has_length<T>>::type = 0) {
-    return object.length();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T> unsigned container_size(const T& object, typename mp_enable_if<has_size<T>>::type = 0) {
-    return object.size();
-  }
-
-  template<typename T> unsigned container_size(const T& object, typename mp_enable_if<std::is_array<T>>::type = 0) {
-    return sizeof(T) / sizeof(typename std::remove_extent<T>::type);
-  }
-}
-
-#endif

bsnes/nall/config.hpp

@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ namespace nall {
 
       string get() const {
         switch(type) {
-          case boolean_t:  return string() << *(bool*)data;
-          case signed_t:   return string() << *(signed*)data;
-          case unsigned_t: return string() << *(unsigned*)data;
-          case double_t:   return string() << *(double*)data;
-          case string_t:   return string() << "\"" << *(string*)data << "\"";
+          case boolean_t:  return { *(bool*)data };
+          case signed_t:   return { *(signed*)data };
+          case unsigned_t: return { *(unsigned*)data };
+          case double_t:   return { *(double*)data };
+          case string_t:   return { "\"", *(string*)data, "\"" };
         }
         return "???";
       }
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ namespace nall {
       else list[n].type = unknown_t;
     }
 
-    virtual bool load(const char *filename) {
+    virtual bool load(const string &filename) {
       string data;
       if(data.readfile(filename) == true) {
         data.replace("\r", "");
@@ -100,14 +100,14 @@ namespace nall {
       }
     }
 
-    virtual bool save(const char *filename) const {
+    virtual bool save(const string &filename) const {
       file fp;
       if(fp.open(filename, file::mode::write)) {
         for(unsigned i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
           string output;
-          output << list[i].name << " = " << list[i].get();
-          if(list[i].desc != "") output << " # " << list[i].desc;
-          output << "\r\n";
+          output.append(list[i].name, " = ", list[i].get());
+          if(list[i].desc != "") output.append(" # ", list[i].desc);
+          output.append("\r\n");
           fp.print(output);
         }
 

bsnes/nall/detect.hpp

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef NALL_DETECT_HPP
-#define NALL_DETECT_HPP
-
-/* Compiler detection */
-
-#if defined(__GNUC__)
-  #define COMPILER_GCC
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-  #define COMPILER_VISUALC
-#endif
-
-/* Platform detection */
-
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-  #define PLATFORM_WIN
-#elif defined(__APPLE__)
-  #define PLATFORM_OSX
-#elif defined(linux) || defined(__sun__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
-  #define PLATFORM_X
-#endif
-
-/* Endian detection */
-
-#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_AMD64)
-  #define ARCH_LSB
-#elif defined(__powerpc__) || defined(_M_PPC) || defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__)
-  #define ARCH_MSB
-#endif
-
-#endif

bsnes/nall/dictionary.hpp

@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef NALL_DICTIONARY_HPP
-#define NALL_DICTIONARY_HPP
-
-#include <nall/array.hpp>
-#include <nall/string.hpp>
-#include <nall/utility.hpp>
-
-namespace nall {
-  class dictionary {
-  public:
-    string operator[](const char *input) {
-      for(unsigned i = 0; i < index_input.size(); i++) {
-        if(index_input[i] == input) return index_output[i];
-      }
-
-      //no match, use input; remove input identifier, if one exists
-      if(strbegin(input, "{{")) {
-        if(auto pos = strpos(input, "}}")) {
-          string temp = substr(input, pos() + 2);
-          return temp;
-        }
-      }
-
-      return input;
-    }
-
-    bool import(const char *filename) {
-      string data;
-      if(data.readfile(filename) == false) return false;
-      data.ltrim<1>("\xef\xbb\xbf"); //remove UTF-8 marker, if it exists
-      data.replace("\r", "");
-
-      lstring line;
-      line.split("\n", data);
-      for(unsigned i = 0; i < line.size(); i++) {
-        lstring part;
-        //format: "Input" = "Output"
-        part.qsplit("=", line[i]);
-        if(part.size() != 2) continue;
-
-        //remove whitespace
-        part[0].trim();
-        part[1].trim();
-
-        //remove quotes
-        part[0].trim<1>("\"");
-        part[1].trim<1>("\"");
-
-        unsigned n = index_input.size();
-        index_input[n]  = part[0];
-        index_output[n] = part[1];
-      }
-
-      return true;
-    }
-
-    void reset() {
-      index_input.reset();
-      index_output.reset();
-    }
-
-    ~dictionary() {
-      reset();
-    }
-
-    dictionary& operator=(const dictionary&) = delete;
-    dictionary(const dictionary&) = delete;
-
-  protected:
-    lstring index_input;
-    lstring index_output;
-  };
-}
-
-#endif

bsnes/nall/directory.hpp

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 #ifndef NALL_DIRECTORY_HPP
 #define NALL_DIRECTORY_HPP
 
-#include <nall/foreach.hpp>
+#include <nall/intrinsics.hpp>
 #include <nall/sort.hpp>
 #include <nall/string.hpp>
+#include <nall/vector.hpp>
 
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-  #include <nall/utf8.hpp>
+#if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+  #include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
 #else
   #include <dirent.h>
   #include <stdio.h>
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ struct directory {
   static lstring contents(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*");
 };
 
-#if defined(_WIN32)
+#if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
   inline bool directory::exists(const string &pathname) {
     DWORD result = GetFileAttributes(utf16_t(pathname));
     if(result == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) return false;
@@ -42,20 +43,21 @@ struct directory {
       if(wcscmp(data.cFileName, L".") && wcscmp(data.cFileName, L"..")) {
         if(data.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
           string name = (const char*)utf8_t(data.cFileName);
-          if(wildcard(name, pattern)) list.append(string(name, "/"));
+          if(wildcard(name, pattern)) list.append(name);
         }
       }
       while(FindNextFile(handle, &data) != false) {
         if(wcscmp(data.cFileName, L".") && wcscmp(data.cFileName, L"..")) {
           if(data.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
             string name = (const char*)utf8_t(data.cFileName);
-            if(wildcard(name, pattern)) list.append(string(name, "/"));
+            if(wildcard(name, pattern)) list.append(name);
           }
         }
       }
       FindClose(handle);
     }
     if(list.size() > 0) sort(&list[0], list.size());
+    for(auto &name : list) name.append("/");  //must append after sorting
     return list;
   }
 
@@ -88,7 +90,7 @@ struct directory {
   inline lstring directory::contents(const string &pathname, const string &pattern) {
     lstring folders = directory::folders(pathname);  //pattern search of contents() should only filter files
     lstring files = directory::files(pathname, pattern);
-    foreach(file, files) folders.append(file);
+    for(auto &file : files) folders.append(file);
     return folders;
   }
 #else
@@ -109,14 +111,14 @@ struct directory {
         if(!strcmp(ep->d_name, ".")) continue;
         if(!strcmp(ep->d_name, "..")) continue;
         if(ep->d_type & DT_DIR) {
-          if(wildcard(ep->d_name, pattern)) list.append(string(ep->d_name, "/"));
+          if(wildcard(ep->d_name, pattern)) list.append(ep->d_name);
         }
       }
       closedir(dp);
     }
     if(list.size() > 0) sort(&list[0], list.size());
+    for(auto &name : list) name.append("/");  //must append after sorting
     return list;
-
   }
 
   inline lstring directory::files(const string &pathname, const string &pattern) {
@@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ struct directory {
   inline lstring directory::contents(const string &pathname, const string &pattern) {
     lstring folders = directory::folders(pathname);  //pattern search of contents() should only filter files
     lstring files = directory::files(pathname, pattern);
-    foreach(file, files) folders.append(file);
+    for(auto &file : files) folders.append(file);
     return folders;
   }
 #endif

bsnes/nall/dl.hpp

@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@
 
 //dynamic linking support
 
-#include <nall/detect.hpp>
+#include <nall/intrinsics.hpp>
 #include <nall/stdint.hpp>
 #include <nall/string.hpp>
 #include <nall/utility.hpp>
 
 #if defined(PLATFORM_X) || defined(PLATFORM_OSX)
   #include <dlfcn.h>
-#elif defined(PLATFORM_WIN)
+#elif defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
   #include <windows.h>
-  #include <nall/utf8.hpp>
+  #include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
 #endif
 
 namespace nall {
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace nall {
     dlclose((void*)handle);
     handle = 0;
   }
-  #elif defined(PLATFORM_WIN)
+  #elif defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
   inline bool library::open(const char *name, const char *path) {
     if(handle) close();
     string filepath(path, *path && !strend(path, "/") && !strend(path, "\\") ? "\\" : "", name, ".dll");

bsnes/nall/dsp.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef NALL_DSP_HPP
+#define NALL_DSP_HPP
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#ifdef __SSE__
+  #include <xmmintrin.h>
+#endif
+
+#define NALL_DSP_INTERNAL_HPP
+#include <nall/dsp/core.hpp>
+#undef NALL_DSP_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/dsp/buffer.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#ifdef NALL_DSP_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+struct Buffer {
+  double **sample;
+  uint16_t rdoffset;
+  uint16_t wroffset;
+  unsigned channels;
+
+  void setChannels(unsigned channels) {
+    for(unsigned c = 0; c < this->channels; c++) {
+      if(sample[c]) delete[] sample[c];
+    }
+    if(sample) delete[] sample;
+
+    this->channels = channels;
+    if(channels == 0) return;
+
+    sample = new double*[channels];
+    for(unsigned c = 0; c < channels; c++) {
+      sample[c] = new double[65536]();
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline double& read(unsigned channel, signed offset = 0) {
+    return sample[channel][(uint16_t)(rdoffset + offset)];
+  }
+
+  inline double& write(unsigned channel, signed offset = 0) {
+    return sample[channel][(uint16_t)(wroffset + offset)];
+  }
+
+  inline void clear() {
+    for(unsigned c = 0; c < channels; c++) {
+      for(unsigned n = 0; n < 65536; n++) {
+        sample[c][n] = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    rdoffset = 0;
+    wroffset = 0;
+  }
+
+  Buffer() {
+    channels = 0;
+  }
+
+  ~Buffer() {
+    setChannels(0);
+  }
+};
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/dsp/core.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#ifdef NALL_DSP_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+//precision: can be float, double or long double
+#define real float
+
+struct DSP;
+
+struct Resampler {
+  DSP &dsp;
+  real frequency;
+
+  virtual void setFrequency() = 0;
+  virtual void clear() = 0;
+  virtual void sample() = 0;
+  Resampler(DSP &dsp) : dsp(dsp) {}
+};
+
+struct DSP {
+  enum class ResampleEngine : unsigned {
+    Nearest,
+    Linear,
+    Cosine,
+    Cubic,
+    Hermite,
+    Average,
+    Sinc,
+  };
+
+  inline void setChannels(unsigned channels);
+  inline void setPrecision(unsigned precision);
+  inline void setFrequency(real frequency);  //inputFrequency
+  inline void setVolume(real volume);
+  inline void setBalance(real balance);
+
+  inline void setResampler(ResampleEngine resamplingEngine);
+  inline void setResamplerFrequency(real frequency);  //outputFrequency
+
+  inline void sample(signed channel[]);
+  inline bool pending();
+  inline void read(signed channel[]);
+
+  inline void clear();
+  inline DSP();
+  inline ~DSP();
+
+protected:
+  friend class ResampleNearest;
+  friend class ResampleLinear;
+  friend class ResampleCosine;
+  friend class ResampleCubic;
+  friend class ResampleAverage;
+  friend class ResampleHermite;
+  friend class ResampleSinc;
+
+  struct Settings {
+    unsigned channels;
+    unsigned precision;
+    real frequency;
+    real volume;
+    real balance;
+
+    //internal
+    real intensity;
+    real intensityInverse;
+  } settings;
+
+  Resampler *resampler;
+  inline void write(real channel[]);
+
+  #include "buffer.hpp"
+  Buffer buffer;
+  Buffer output;
+
+  inline void adjustVolume();
+  inline void adjustBalance();
+  inline signed clamp(const unsigned bits, const signed x);
+};
+
+#include "resample/nearest.hpp"
+#include "resample/linear.hpp"
+#include "resample/cosine.hpp"
+#include "resample/cubic.hpp"
+#include "resample/hermite.hpp"
+#include "resample/average.hpp"
+#include "resample/sinc.hpp"
+#include "settings.hpp"
+
+void DSP::sample(signed channel[]) {
+  for(unsigned c = 0; c < settings.channels; c++) {
+    buffer.write(c) = (real)channel[c] * settings.intensityInverse;
+  }
+  buffer.wroffset++;
+  resampler->sample();
+}
+
+bool DSP::pending() {
+  return output.rdoffset != output.wroffset;
+}
+
+void DSP::read(signed channel[]) {
+  adjustVolume();
+  adjustBalance();
+
+  for(unsigned c = 0; c < settings.channels; c++) {
+    channel[c] = clamp(settings.precision, output.read(c) * settings.intensity);
+  }
+  output.rdoffset++;
+}
+
+void DSP::write(real channel[]) {
+  for(unsigned c = 0; c < settings.channels; c++) {
+    output.write(c) = channel[c];
+  }
+  output.wroffset++;
+}
+
+void DSP::adjustVolume() {
+  for(unsigned c = 0; c < settings.channels; c++) {
+    output.read(c) *= settings.volume;
+  }
+}
+
+void DSP::adjustBalance() {
+  if(settings.channels != 2) return;  //TODO: support > 2 channels
+  if(settings.balance < 0.0) output.read(1) *= 1.0 + settings.balance;
+  if(settings.balance > 0.0) output.read(0) *= 1.0 - settings.balance;
+}
+
+signed DSP::clamp(const unsigned bits, const signed x) {
+  const signed b = 1U << (bits - 1);
+  const signed m = (1U << (bits - 1)) - 1;
+  return (x > m) ? m : (x < -b) ? -b : x;
+}
+
+void DSP::clear() {
+  buffer.clear();
+  output.clear();
+  resampler->clear();
+}
+
+DSP::DSP() {
+  setResampler(ResampleEngine::Hermite);
+  setResamplerFrequency(44100.0);
+
+  setChannels(2);
+  setPrecision(16);
+  setFrequency(44100.0);
+  setVolume(1.0);
+  setBalance(0.0);
+
+  clear();
+}
+
+DSP::~DSP() {
+  if(resampler) delete resampler;
+}
+
+#undef real
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/dsp/resample/average.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#ifdef NALL_DSP_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+struct ResampleAverage : Resampler {
+  inline void setFrequency();
+  inline void clear();
+  inline void sample();
+  inline void sampleLinear();
+  ResampleAverage(DSP &dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
+
+  real fraction;
+  real step;
+};
+
+void ResampleAverage::setFrequency() {
+  fraction = 0.0;
+  step = dsp.settings.frequency / frequency;
+}
+
+void ResampleAverage::clear() {
+  fraction = 0.0;
+}
+
+void ResampleAverage::sample() {
+  //can only average if input frequency >= output frequency
+  if(step < 1.0) return sampleLinear();
+
+  fraction += 1.0;
+
+  real scalar = 1.0;
+  if(fraction > step) scalar = 1.0 - (fraction - step);
+
+  for(unsigned c = 0; c < dsp.settings.channels; c++) {
+    dsp.output.write(c) += dsp.buffer.read(c) * scalar;
+  }
+
+  if(fraction >= step) {
+    for(unsigned c = 0; c < dsp.settings.channels; c++) {
+      dsp.output.write(c) /= step;
+    }
+    dsp.output.wroffset++;
+
+    fraction -= step;
+    for(unsigned c = 0; c < dsp.settings.channels; c++) {
+      dsp.output.write(c) = dsp.buffer.read(c) * fraction;
+    }
+  }
+
+  dsp.buffer.rdoffset++;
+}
+
+void ResampleAverage::sampleLinear() {
+  while(fraction <= 1.0) {
+    real channel[dsp.settings.channels];
+
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < dsp.settings.channels; n++) {
+      real a = dsp.buffer.read(n, -1);
+      real b = dsp.buffer.read(n, -0);
+
+      real mu = fraction;
+
+      channel[n] = a * (1.0 - mu) + b * mu;
+    }
+
+    dsp.write(channel);
+    fraction += step;
+  }
+
+  dsp.buffer.rdoffset++;
+  fraction -= 1.0;
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/dsp/resample/cosine.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#ifdef NALL_DSP_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+struct ResampleCosine : Resampler {
+  inline void setFrequency();
+  inline void clear();
+  inline void sample();
+  ResampleCosine(DSP &dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
+
+  real fraction;
+  real step;
+};
+
+void ResampleCosine::setFrequency() {
+  fraction = 0.0;
+  step = dsp.settings.frequency / frequency;
+}
+
+void ResampleCosine::clear() {
+  fraction = 0.0;
+}
+
+void ResampleCosine::sample() {
+  while(fraction <= 1.0) {
+    real channel[dsp.settings.channels];
+
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < dsp.settings.channels; n++) {
+      real a = dsp.buffer.read(n, -1);
+      real b = dsp.buffer.read(n, -0);
+
+      real mu = fraction;
+      mu = (1.0 - cos(mu * 3.14159265)) / 2.0;
+
+      channel[n] = a * (1.0 - mu) + b * mu;
+    }
+
+    dsp.write(channel);
+    fraction += step;
+  }
+
+  dsp.buffer.rdoffset++;
+  fraction -= 1.0;
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/dsp/resample/cubic.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#ifdef NALL_DSP_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+struct ResampleCubic : Resampler {
+  inline void setFrequency();
+  inline void clear();
+  inline void sample();
+  ResampleCubic(DSP &dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
+
+  real fraction;
+  real step;
+};
+
+void ResampleCubic::setFrequency() {
+  fraction = 0.0;
+  step = dsp.settings.frequency / frequency;
+}
+
+void ResampleCubic::clear() {
+  fraction = 0.0;
+}
+
+void ResampleCubic::sample() {
+  while(fraction <= 1.0) {
+    real channel[dsp.settings.channels];
+
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < dsp.settings.channels; n++) {
+      real a = dsp.buffer.read(n, -3);
+      real b = dsp.buffer.read(n, -2);
+      real c = dsp.buffer.read(n, -1);
+      real d = dsp.buffer.read(n, -0);
+
+      real mu = fraction;
+
+      real A = d - c - a + b;
+      real B = a - b - A;
+      real C = c - a;
+      real D = b;
+
+      channel[n] = A * (mu * 3) + B * (mu * 2) + C * mu + D;
+    }
+
+    dsp.write(channel);
+    fraction += step;
+  }
+
+  dsp.buffer.rdoffset++;
+  fraction -= 1.0;
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/dsp/resample/hermite.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#ifdef NALL_DSP_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+struct ResampleHermite : Resampler {
+  inline void setFrequency();
+  inline void clear();
+  inline void sample();
+  ResampleHermite(DSP &dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
+
+  real fraction;
+  real step;
+};
+
+void ResampleHermite::setFrequency() {
+  fraction = 0.0;
+  step = dsp.settings.frequency / frequency;
+}
+
+void ResampleHermite::clear() {
+  fraction = 0.0;
+}
+
+void ResampleHermite::sample() {
+  while(fraction <= 1.0) {
+    real channel[dsp.settings.channels];
+
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < dsp.settings.channels; n++) {
+      real a = dsp.buffer.read(n, -3);
+      real b = dsp.buffer.read(n, -2);
+      real c = dsp.buffer.read(n, -1);
+      real d = dsp.buffer.read(n, -0);
+
+      const real tension = 0.0;  //-1 = low, 0 = normal, +1 = high
+      const real bias = 0.0;  //-1 = left, 0 = even, +1 = right
+
+      real mu1, mu2, mu3, m0, m1, a0, a1, a2, a3;
+
+      mu1 = fraction;
+      mu2 = mu1 * mu1;
+      mu3 = mu2 * mu1;
+
+      m0  = (b - a) * (1.0 + bias) * (1.0 - tension) / 2.0;
+      m0 += (c - b) * (1.0 - bias) * (1.0 - tension) / 2.0;
+      m1  = (c - b) * (1.0 + bias) * (1.0 - tension) / 2.0;
+      m1 += (d - c) * (1.0 - bias) * (1.0 - tension) / 2.0;
+
+      a0 = +2 * mu3 - 3 * mu2 + 1;
+      a1 =      mu3 - 2 * mu2 + mu1;
+      a2 =      mu3 -     mu2;
+      a3 = -2 * mu3 + 3 * mu2;
+
+      channel[n] = (a0 * b) + (a1 * m0) + (a2 * m1) + (a3 * c);
+    }
+
+    dsp.write(channel);
+    fraction += step;
+  }
+
+  dsp.buffer.rdoffset++;
+  fraction -= 1.0;
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/dsp/resample/lib/sinc.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,600 @@
+// If these types are changed to anything other than "float", you should comment out the SSE detection directives below
+// so that the SSE code is not used.
+
+typedef float resample_coeff_t;	// note: sizeof(resample_coeff_t) must be == to a power of 2, and not larger than 16
+typedef float resample_samp_t;
+
+
+// ...but don't comment this single RESAMPLE_SSEREGPARM define out when disabling SSE.
+#define RESAMPLE_SSEREGPARM	
+
+#if defined(__SSE__)
+  #define SINCRESAMPLE_USE_SSE 1
+  #ifndef __x86_64__
+    #undef RESAMPLE_SSEREGPARM
+    #define RESAMPLE_SSEREGPARM __attribute__((sseregparm))
+  #endif
+#else
+  // TODO: altivec here
+#endif
+
+namespace ResampleUtility
+{
+ inline void kaiser_window(double* io, int count, double beta);
+ inline void gen_sinc(double* out, int size, double cutoff, double kaiser);
+ inline void gen_sinc_os(double* out, int size, double cutoff, double kaiser);
+ inline void normalize(double* io, int size, double gain = 1.0);
+
+ inline void* make_aligned(void* ptr, unsigned boundary);	// boundary must be a power of 2
+}
+
+class SincResampleHR
+{
+ private:
+
+ inline void Init(unsigned ratio_arg, double desired_bandwidth, double beta, double d);
+
+ inline void write(resample_samp_t sample) RESAMPLE_SSEREGPARM;
+ inline resample_samp_t read(void) RESAMPLE_SSEREGPARM;
+ inline bool output_avail(void);
+
+ private:
+
+ inline resample_samp_t mac(const resample_samp_t *wave, const resample_coeff_t *coeff, unsigned count);
+
+ unsigned ratio;
+ unsigned num_convolutions;
+
+ resample_coeff_t *coeffs;
+ std::vector<unsigned char> coeffs_mem;
+
+ // second half of ringbuffer should be copy of first half.
+ resample_samp_t *rb;
+ std::vector<unsigned char> rb_mem;
+
+ signed rb_readpos;
+ signed rb_writepos;
+ signed rb_in;
+ signed rb_eff_size;
+
+ friend class SincResample;
+};
+
+class SincResample
+{
+ public:
+
+ enum
+ {
+  QUALITY_LOW = 0,
+  QUALITY_MEDIUM = 2,
+  QUALITY_HIGH = 4
+ };
+
+ inline SincResample(double input_rate, double output_rate, double desired_bandwidth, unsigned quality = QUALITY_HIGH);
+
+ inline void write(resample_samp_t sample) RESAMPLE_SSEREGPARM;
+ inline resample_samp_t read(void) RESAMPLE_SSEREGPARM;
+ inline bool output_avail(void);
+
+ private:
+
+ inline void Init(double input_rate, double output_rate, double desired_bandwidth, double beta, double d, unsigned pn_nume, unsigned phases_min);
+
+ inline resample_samp_t mac(const resample_samp_t *wave, const resample_coeff_t *coeffs_a, const resample_coeff_t *coeffs_b, const double ffract, unsigned count) RESAMPLE_SSEREGPARM;
+
+ unsigned num_convolutions;
+ unsigned num_phases;
+
+ unsigned step_int;
+ double step_fract;
+
+ double input_pos_fract;
+
+
+ std::vector<resample_coeff_t *> coeffs;	// Pointers into coeff_mem.
+ std::vector<unsigned char> coeff_mem;
+
+
+ std::vector<resample_samp_t> rb;	// second half should be copy of first half.
+ signed rb_readpos;
+ signed rb_writepos;
+ signed rb_in;
+
+ bool hr_used;
+ SincResampleHR hr;
+};
+
+
+//
+// Code:
+//
+//#include "resample.hpp"
+
+#if 0
+namespace bit
+{
+    inline unsigned round(unsigned x) {
+      if((x & (x - 1)) == 0) return x;
+      while(x & (x - 1)) x &= x - 1;
+      return x << 1;
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+void SincResampleHR::Init(unsigned ratio_arg, double desired_bandwidth, double beta, double d)
+{
+ const unsigned align_boundary = 16;
+ std::vector<double> coeffs_tmp;
+ double cutoff;	// 1.0 = f/2
+
+ ratio = ratio_arg;
+
+ //num_convolutions = ((unsigned)ceil(d / ((1.0 - desired_bandwidth) / ratio)) + 1) &~ 1;	// round up to be even
+ num_convolutions = ((unsigned)ceil(d / ((1.0 - desired_bandwidth) / ratio)) | 1);
+
+ cutoff = (1.0 / ratio) - (d / num_convolutions);
+
+//printf("%d %d %.20f\n", ratio, num_convolutions, cutoff);
+ assert(num_convolutions > ratio);
+
+
+ // Generate windowed sinc of POWER
+ coeffs_tmp.resize(num_convolutions);
+ //ResampleUtility::gen_sinc(&coeffs_tmp[0], num_convolutions, cutoff, beta);
+ ResampleUtility::gen_sinc_os(&coeffs_tmp[0], num_convolutions, cutoff, beta);
+ ResampleUtility::normalize(&coeffs_tmp[0], num_convolutions);
+
+ // Copy from coeffs_tmp to coeffs~
+ // We multiply many coefficients at a time in the mac loop, so make sure the last few that don't really
+ // exist are allocated, zero'd mem.
+
+ coeffs_mem.resize(((num_convolutions + 7) &~ 7) * sizeof(resample_coeff_t) + (align_boundary - 1));
+ coeffs = (resample_coeff_t *)ResampleUtility::make_aligned(&coeffs_mem[0], align_boundary);
+
+
+ for(unsigned i = 0; i < num_convolutions; i++)
+  coeffs[i] = coeffs_tmp[i];
+
+ rb_eff_size = nall::bit::round(num_convolutions * 2) >> 1;
+ rb_readpos = 0;
+ rb_writepos = 0;
+ rb_in = 0;
+
+ rb_mem.resize(rb_eff_size * 2 * sizeof(resample_samp_t) + (align_boundary - 1));
+ rb = (resample_samp_t *)ResampleUtility::make_aligned(&rb_mem[0], align_boundary);
+}
+
+
+inline bool SincResampleHR::output_avail(void)
+{
+ return(rb_in >= (signed)num_convolutions);
+}
+
+inline void SincResampleHR::write(resample_samp_t sample)
+{
+ assert(!output_avail());
+
+ rb[rb_writepos] = sample;
+ rb[rb_writepos + rb_eff_size] = sample;
+ rb_writepos = (rb_writepos + 1) & (rb_eff_size - 1);
+ rb_in++;
+}
+
+resample_samp_t SincResampleHR::mac(const resample_samp_t *wave, const resample_coeff_t *coeff, unsigned count)
+{
+#if SINCRESAMPLE_USE_SSE
+ __m128 accum_veca[2] = { _mm_set1_ps(0), _mm_set1_ps(0) };
+ 
+ resample_samp_t accum;
+
+ for(unsigned c = 0; c < count; c += 8)
+ {
+  for(unsigned i = 0; i < 2; i++)
+  {
+   __m128 co[2];
+   __m128 w[2];
+
+   co[i] = _mm_load_ps(&coeff[c + i * 4]);
+   w[i] = _mm_load_ps(&wave[c + i * 4]);
+
+   w[i] = _mm_mul_ps(w[i], co[i]);
+
+   accum_veca[i] = _mm_add_ps(w[i], accum_veca[i]);
+  }
+ }
+
+ __m128 accum_vec = _mm_add_ps(accum_veca[0], accum_veca[1]); //_mm_add_ps(_mm_add_ps(accum_veca[0], accum_veca[1]), _mm_add_ps(accum_veca[2], accum_veca[3]));
+
+ accum_vec = _mm_add_ps(accum_vec, _mm_shuffle_ps(accum_vec, accum_vec, (3 << 0) | (2 << 2) | (1 << 4) | (0 << 6)));
+ accum_vec = _mm_add_ps(accum_vec, _mm_shuffle_ps(accum_vec, accum_vec, (1 << 0) | (0 << 2) | (1 << 4) | (0 << 6)));
+
+ _mm_store_ss(&accum, accum_vec);
+
+ return accum;
+#else
+ resample_samp_t accum[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+
+ for(unsigned c = 0; c < count; c+= 4)
+ {
+  accum[0] += wave[c + 0] * coeff[c + 0];
+  accum[1] += wave[c + 1] * coeff[c + 1];
+  accum[2] += wave[c + 2] * coeff[c + 2];
+  accum[3] += wave[c + 3] * coeff[c + 3];
+ }
+
+ return (accum[0] + accum[1]) + (accum[2] + accum[3]);	// don't mess with parentheses(assuming compiler doesn't already, which it may...
+
+#endif
+}
+
+
+resample_samp_t SincResampleHR::read(void)
+{
+ assert(output_avail());
+ resample_samp_t ret;
+
+ ret = mac(&rb[rb_readpos], &coeffs[0], num_convolutions);
+
+ rb_readpos = (rb_readpos + ratio) & (rb_eff_size - 1);
+ rb_in -= ratio;
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+SincResample::SincResample(double input_rate, double output_rate, double desired_bandwidth, unsigned quality)
+{
+ const struct
+ {
+  double beta;
+  double d;
+  unsigned pn_nume;
+  unsigned phases_min;
+ } qtab[5] =
+ {
+  { 5.658, 3.62, 4096, 4 },
+  { 6.764, 4.32, 8192, 4 },
+  { 7.865, 5.0, 16384, 8 },
+  { 8.960, 5.7, 32768, 16 },
+  { 10.056, 6.4, 65536, 32 }
+ };
+
+ // Sanity checks
+ assert(ceil(input_rate) > 0);
+ assert(ceil(output_rate) > 0);
+ assert(ceil(input_rate / output_rate) <= 1024);
+ assert(ceil(output_rate / input_rate) <= 1024);
+
+ // The simplistic number-of-phases calculation code doesn't work well enough for when desired_bandwidth is close to 1.0 and when
+ // upsampling.
+ assert(desired_bandwidth >= 0.25 && desired_bandwidth < 0.96);
+ assert(quality >= 0 && quality <= 4);
+
+ hr_used = false;
+
+#if 1
+ // Round down to the nearest multiple of 4(so wave buffer remains aligned)
+ // It also adjusts the effective intermediate sampling rate up slightly, so that the upper frequencies below f/2
+ // aren't overly attenuated so much.  In the future, we might want to do an FFT or something to choose the intermediate rate more accurately
+ // to virtually eliminate over-attenuation.
+ unsigned ioratio_rd = (unsigned)floor(input_rate / (output_rate * (1.0 + (1.0 - desired_bandwidth) / 2) )) & ~3;
+
+ if(ioratio_rd >= 8)
+ {
+  hr.Init(ioratio_rd, desired_bandwidth, qtab[quality].beta, qtab[quality].d); //10.056, 6.4); 
+  hr_used = true;
+
+  input_rate /= ioratio_rd;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ Init(input_rate, output_rate, desired_bandwidth, qtab[quality].beta, qtab[quality].d, qtab[quality].pn_nume, qtab[quality].phases_min);
+}
+
+void SincResample::Init(double input_rate, double output_rate, double desired_bandwidth, double beta, double d, unsigned pn_nume, unsigned phases_min)
+{
+ const unsigned max_mult_atatime = 8;	// multiply "granularity".  must be power of 2.
+ const unsigned max_mult_minus1 = (max_mult_atatime - 1);
+ const unsigned conv_alignment_bytes = 16;	// must be power of 2
+ const double input_to_output_ratio = input_rate / output_rate;
+ const double output_to_input_ratio = output_rate / input_rate;
+ double cutoff;		// 1.0 = input_rate / 2
+ std::vector<double> coeff_init_buffer;
+
+ // Round up num_convolutions to be even.
+ if(output_rate > input_rate)
+  num_convolutions = ((unsigned)ceil(d / (1.0 - desired_bandwidth)) + 1) & ~1;
+ else
+  num_convolutions = ((unsigned)ceil(d / (output_to_input_ratio * (1.0 - desired_bandwidth))) + 1) & ~1;
+
+ if(output_rate > input_rate)	// Upsampling
+  cutoff = desired_bandwidth;
+ else	// Downsampling
+  cutoff = output_to_input_ratio * desired_bandwidth;
+
+ // Round up to be even.
+ num_phases = (std::max<unsigned>(pn_nume / num_convolutions, phases_min) + 1) &~1;
+
+ // Adjust cutoff to account for the multiple phases.
+ cutoff = cutoff / num_phases;
+
+ assert((num_convolutions & 1) == 0);
+ assert((num_phases & 1) == 0);
+
+// fprintf(stderr, "num_convolutions=%u, num_phases=%u, total expected coeff byte size=%lu\n", num_convolutions, num_phases,
+//        (long)((num_phases + 2) * ((num_convolutions + max_mult_minus1) & ~max_mult_minus1) * sizeof(float) + conv_alignment_bytes));
+
+ coeff_init_buffer.resize(num_phases * num_convolutions);
+
+ coeffs.resize(num_phases + 1 + 1);
+
+ coeff_mem.resize((num_phases + 1 + 1) * ((num_convolutions + max_mult_minus1) &~ max_mult_minus1) * sizeof(resample_coeff_t) + conv_alignment_bytes);
+
+ // Assign aligned pointers into coeff_mem
+ {
+  resample_coeff_t *base_ptr = (resample_coeff_t *)ResampleUtility::make_aligned(&coeff_mem[0], conv_alignment_bytes);
+
+  for(unsigned phase = 0; phase < (num_phases + 1 + 1); phase++)
+  {
+   coeffs[phase] = base_ptr + (((num_convolutions + max_mult_minus1) & ~max_mult_minus1) * phase);
+  }
+ }
+
+ ResampleUtility::gen_sinc(&coeff_init_buffer[0], num_phases * num_convolutions, cutoff, beta);
+ ResampleUtility::normalize(&coeff_init_buffer[0], num_phases * num_convolutions, num_phases);
+
+ // Reorder coefficients to allow for more efficient convolution.
+ for(int phase = -1; phase < ((int)num_phases + 1); phase++)
+ {
+  for(int conv = 0; conv < (int)num_convolutions; conv++)
+  {
+   double coeff;
+
+   if(phase == -1 && conv == 0)
+    coeff = 0;
+   else if(phase == (int)num_phases && conv == ((int)num_convolutions - 1))
+    coeff = 0;
+   else
+    coeff = coeff_init_buffer[conv * num_phases + phase];
+
+   coeffs[phase + 1][conv] = coeff;
+  }
+ }
+
+ // Free a bit of mem
+ coeff_init_buffer.resize(0);
+
+ step_int = floor(input_to_output_ratio);
+ step_fract = input_to_output_ratio - step_int;
+
+ input_pos_fract = 0;
+
+ // Do NOT use rb.size() later in the code, since it'll include the padding.
+ // We should only need one "max_mult_minus1" here, not two, since it won't matter if it over-reads(due to doing "max_mult_atatime" multiplications at a time
+ // rather than just 1, in which case this over-read wouldn't happen), from the first half into the duplicated half,
+ // since those corresponding coefficients will be zero anyway; this is just to handle the case of reading off the end of the duplicated half to
+ // prevent illegal memory accesses.
+ rb.resize(num_convolutions * 2 + max_mult_minus1);
+
+ rb_readpos = 0;
+ rb_writepos = 0;
+ rb_in = 0;
+}
+
+resample_samp_t SincResample::mac(const resample_samp_t *wave, const resample_coeff_t *coeffs_a, const resample_coeff_t *coeffs_b, const double ffract, unsigned count)
+{
+ resample_samp_t accum = 0;
+#if SINCRESAMPLE_USE_SSE
+ __m128 accum_vec_a[2] = { _mm_set1_ps(0), _mm_set1_ps(0) };
+ __m128 accum_vec_b[2] = { _mm_set1_ps(0), _mm_set1_ps(0) };
+
+ for(unsigned c = 0; c < count; c += 8) //8) //4)
+ {
+  __m128 coeff_a[2];
+  __m128 coeff_b[2];
+  __m128 w[2];
+  __m128 result_a[2], result_b[2];
+
+  for(unsigned i = 0; i < 2; i++)
+  {
+   coeff_a[i] = _mm_load_ps(&coeffs_a[c + (i * 4)]);
+   coeff_b[i] = _mm_load_ps(&coeffs_b[c + (i * 4)]);
+   w[i] = _mm_loadu_ps(&wave[c + (i * 4)]);
+
+   result_a[i] = _mm_mul_ps(coeff_a[i], w[i]);
+   result_b[i] = _mm_mul_ps(coeff_b[i], w[i]);
+
+   accum_vec_a[i] = _mm_add_ps(result_a[i], accum_vec_a[i]);
+   accum_vec_b[i] = _mm_add_ps(result_b[i], accum_vec_b[i]);
+  }
+ }
+
+ __m128 accum_vec, av_a, av_b;
+ __m128 mult_a_vec = _mm_set1_ps(1.0 - ffract);
+ __m128 mult_b_vec = _mm_set1_ps(ffract);
+
+ av_a = _mm_mul_ps(mult_a_vec, /*accum_vec_a[0]);*/ _mm_add_ps(accum_vec_a[0], accum_vec_a[1]));
+ av_b = _mm_mul_ps(mult_b_vec, /*accum_vec_b[0]);*/ _mm_add_ps(accum_vec_b[0], accum_vec_b[1]));
+
+ accum_vec = _mm_add_ps(av_a, av_b);
+
+ accum_vec = _mm_add_ps(accum_vec, _mm_shuffle_ps(accum_vec, accum_vec, (3 << 0) | (2 << 2) | (1 << 4) | (0 << 6)));
+ accum_vec = _mm_add_ps(accum_vec, _mm_shuffle_ps(accum_vec, accum_vec, (1 << 0) | (0 << 2) | (1 << 4) | (0 << 6)));
+
+ _mm_store_ss(&accum, accum_vec);
+#else
+ resample_coeff_t mult_a = 1.0 - ffract;
+ resample_coeff_t mult_b = ffract;
+
+ for(unsigned c = 0; c < count; c += 4)
+ {
+  accum += wave[c + 0] * (coeffs_a[c + 0] * mult_a + coeffs_b[c + 0] * mult_b);
+  accum += wave[c + 1] * (coeffs_a[c + 1] * mult_a + coeffs_b[c + 1] * mult_b);
+  accum += wave[c + 2] * (coeffs_a[c + 2] * mult_a + coeffs_b[c + 2] * mult_b);
+  accum += wave[c + 3] * (coeffs_a[c + 3] * mult_a + coeffs_b[c + 3] * mult_b);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ return accum;
+}
+
+inline bool SincResample::output_avail(void)
+{
+ return(rb_in >= (int)num_convolutions);
+}
+
+resample_samp_t SincResample::read(void)
+{
+ assert(output_avail());
+ double phase = input_pos_fract * num_phases - 0.5;
+ signed phase_int = (signed)floor(phase);
+ double phase_fract = phase - phase_int;
+ unsigned phase_a = num_phases - 1 - phase_int;
+ unsigned phase_b = phase_a - 1;
+ resample_samp_t ret;
+
+ ret = mac(&rb[rb_readpos], &coeffs[phase_a + 1][0], &coeffs[phase_b + 1][0], phase_fract, num_convolutions);
+
+ unsigned int_increment = step_int;
+
+ input_pos_fract += step_fract;
+ int_increment += floor(input_pos_fract);
+ input_pos_fract -= floor(input_pos_fract);
+
+ rb_readpos = (rb_readpos + int_increment) % num_convolutions;
+ rb_in -= int_increment;
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+inline void SincResample::write(resample_samp_t sample)
+{
+ assert(!output_avail());
+
+ if(hr_used)
+ {
+  hr.write(sample);
+
+  if(hr.output_avail())
+  {
+   sample = hr.read();
+  }
+  else
+  {
+   return;
+  }
+ }
+
+ rb[rb_writepos + 0 * num_convolutions] = sample;
+ rb[rb_writepos + 1 * num_convolutions] = sample;
+ rb_writepos = (rb_writepos + 1) % num_convolutions;
+ rb_in++;
+}
+
+void ResampleUtility::kaiser_window( double* io, int count, double beta)
+{
+        int const accuracy = 24; //16; //12;
+
+        double* end = io + count;
+
+        double beta2    = beta * beta * (double) -0.25;
+        double to_fract = beta2 / ((double) count * count);
+        double i        = 0;
+        double rescale = 0; // Doesn't need an initializer, to shut up gcc
+
+        for ( ; io < end; ++io, i += 1 )
+        {
+                double x = i * i * to_fract - beta2;
+                double u = x;
+                double k = x + 1;
+
+                double n = 2;
+                do
+                {
+                        u *= x / (n * n);
+                        n += 1;
+                        k += u;
+                }
+                while ( k <= u * (1 << accuracy) );
+
+                if ( !i )
+                        rescale = 1 / k; // otherwise values get large
+
+                *io *= k * rescale;
+        }
+}
+
+void ResampleUtility::gen_sinc(double* out, int size, double cutoff, double kaiser)
+{
+        assert( size % 2 == 0 ); // size must be even
+ 
+        int const half_size = size / 2;
+        double* const mid = &out [half_size];
+ 
+        // Generate right half of sinc
+        for ( int i = 0; i < half_size; i++ )
+        {
+                double angle = (i * 2 + 1) * (M_PI / 2);
+                mid [i] = sin( angle * cutoff ) / angle;
+        }
+ 
+        kaiser_window( mid, half_size, kaiser );
+ 
+        // Mirror for left half
+        for ( int i = 0; i < half_size; i++ )
+                out [i] = mid [half_size - 1 - i];
+}
+
+void ResampleUtility::gen_sinc_os(double* out, int size, double cutoff, double kaiser)
+{
+        assert( size % 2 == 1); // size must be odd
+ 
+	for(int i = 0; i < size; i++)
+	{
+         if(i == (size / 2))
+          out[i] = 2 * M_PI * (cutoff / 2); //0.078478; //1.0; //sin(2 * M_PI * (cutoff / 2) * (i - size / 2)) / (i - (size / 2));
+	 else
+ 	  out[i] = sin(2 * M_PI * (cutoff / 2) * (i - size / 2)) / (i - (size / 2));
+
+//	 out[i] *= 0.3635819 - 0.4891775 * cos(2 * M_PI * i / (size - 1)) + 0.1365995 * cos(4 * M_PI * i / (size - 1)) - 0.0106411 * cos(6 * M_PI * i / (size - 1));
+//0.42 - 0.5 * cos(2 * M_PI * i / (size - 1)) + 0.08 * cos(4 * M_PI * i / (size - 1));
+
+//         printf("%d %f\n", i, out[i]);
+	}
+
+	kaiser_window(&out[size / 2], size / 2 + 1, kaiser);
+
+        // Mirror for left half
+        for ( int i = 0; i < size / 2; i++ )
+                out [i] = out [size - 1 - i];
+
+}
+
+void ResampleUtility::normalize(double* io, int size, double gain)
+{
+        double sum = 0;
+        for ( int i = 0; i < size; i++ )
+                sum += io [i];
+
+        double scale = gain / sum;
+        for ( int i = 0; i < size; i++ )
+                io [i] *= scale;
+}
+
+void* ResampleUtility::make_aligned(void* ptr, unsigned boundary)
+{
+ unsigned char* null_ptr = (unsigned char *)NULL;
+ unsigned char* uc_ptr = (unsigned char *)ptr;
+
+ uc_ptr += (boundary - ((uc_ptr - null_ptr) & (boundary - 1))) & (boundary - 1);
+
+ //while((uc_ptr - null_ptr) & (boundary - 1))
+ // uc_ptr++;
+
+ //printf("%16llx %16llx\n", (unsigned long long)ptr, (unsigned long long)uc_ptr);
+
+ assert((uc_ptr - (unsigned char *)ptr) < boundary && (uc_ptr >= (unsigned char *)ptr));
+
+ return uc_ptr;
+}

bsnes/nall/dsp/resample/linear.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#ifdef NALL_DSP_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+struct ResampleLinear : Resampler {
+  inline void setFrequency();
+  inline void clear();
+  inline void sample();
+  ResampleLinear(DSP &dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
+
+  real fraction;
+  real step;
+};
+
+void ResampleLinear::setFrequency() {
+  fraction = 0.0;
+  step = dsp.settings.frequency / frequency;
+}
+
+void ResampleLinear::clear() {
+  fraction = 0.0;
+}
+
+void ResampleLinear::sample() {
+  while(fraction <= 1.0) {
+    real channel[dsp.settings.channels];
+
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < dsp.settings.channels; n++) {
+      real a = dsp.buffer.read(n, -1);
+      real b = dsp.buffer.read(n, -0);
+
+      real mu = fraction;
+
+      channel[n] = a * (1.0 - mu) + b * mu;
+    }
+
+    dsp.write(channel);
+    fraction += step;
+  }
+
+  dsp.buffer.rdoffset++;
+  fraction -= 1.0;
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/dsp/resample/nearest.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#ifdef NALL_DSP_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+struct ResampleNearest : Resampler {
+  inline void setFrequency();
+  inline void clear();
+  inline void sample();
+  ResampleNearest(DSP &dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {}
+
+  real fraction;
+  real step;
+};
+
+void ResampleNearest::setFrequency() {
+  fraction = 0.0;
+  step = dsp.settings.frequency / frequency;
+}
+
+void ResampleNearest::clear() {
+  fraction = 0.0;
+}
+
+void ResampleNearest::sample() {
+  while(fraction <= 1.0) {
+    real channel[dsp.settings.channels];
+
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < dsp.settings.channels; n++) {
+      real a = dsp.buffer.read(n, -1);
+      real b = dsp.buffer.read(n, -0);
+
+      real mu = fraction;
+
+      channel[n] = mu < 0.5 ? a : b;
+    }
+
+    dsp.write(channel);
+    fraction += step;
+  }
+
+  dsp.buffer.rdoffset++;
+  fraction -= 1.0;
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/dsp/resample/sinc.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#ifdef NALL_DSP_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+#include "lib/sinc.hpp"
+
+struct ResampleSinc : Resampler {
+  inline void setFrequency();
+  inline void clear();
+  inline void sample();
+  inline ResampleSinc(DSP &dsp);
+
+private:
+  inline void remakeSinc();
+  SincResample *sinc_resampler[8];
+};
+
+void ResampleSinc::setFrequency() {
+  remakeSinc();
+}
+
+void ResampleSinc::clear() {
+  remakeSinc();
+}
+
+void ResampleSinc::sample() {
+  for(unsigned c = 0; c < dsp.settings.channels; c++) {
+    sinc_resampler[c]->write(dsp.buffer.read(c));
+  }
+
+  if(sinc_resampler[0]->output_avail()) {
+    do {
+      for(unsigned c = 0; c < dsp.settings.channels; c++) {
+        dsp.output.write(c) = sinc_resampler[c]->read();
+      }
+      dsp.output.wroffset++;
+    } while(sinc_resampler[0]->output_avail());
+  }
+
+  dsp.buffer.rdoffset++;
+}
+
+ResampleSinc::ResampleSinc(DSP &dsp) : Resampler(dsp) {
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 8; n++) sinc_resampler[n] = 0;
+}
+
+void ResampleSinc::remakeSinc() {
+  assert(dsp.settings.channels < 8);
+
+  for(unsigned c = 0; c < dsp.settings.channels; c++) {
+    if(sinc_resampler[c]) delete sinc_resampler[c];
+    sinc_resampler[c] = new SincResample(dsp.settings.frequency, frequency, 0.85, SincResample::QUALITY_HIGH);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/dsp/settings.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#ifdef NALL_DSP_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+void DSP::setChannels(unsigned channels) {
+  assert(channels > 0);
+  buffer.setChannels(channels);
+  output.setChannels(channels);
+  settings.channels = channels;
+}
+
+void DSP::setPrecision(unsigned precision) {
+  settings.precision = precision;
+  settings.intensity = 1 << (settings.precision - 1);
+  settings.intensityInverse = 1.0 / settings.intensity;
+}
+
+void DSP::setFrequency(real frequency) {
+  settings.frequency = frequency;
+  resampler->setFrequency();
+}
+
+void DSP::setVolume(real volume) {
+  settings.volume = volume;
+}
+
+void DSP::setBalance(real balance) {
+  settings.balance = balance;
+}
+
+void DSP::setResampler(ResampleEngine engine) {
+  if(resampler) delete resampler;
+
+  switch(engine) {
+  case ResampleEngine::Nearest: resampler = new ResampleNearest(*this); return;
+  case ResampleEngine::Linear:  resampler = new ResampleLinear (*this); return;
+  case ResampleEngine::Cosine:  resampler = new ResampleCosine (*this); return;
+  case ResampleEngine::Cubic:   resampler = new ResampleCubic  (*this); return;
+  case ResampleEngine::Hermite: resampler = new ResampleHermite(*this); return;
+  case ResampleEngine::Average: resampler = new ResampleAverage(*this); return;
+  case ResampleEngine::Sinc:    resampler = new ResampleSinc   (*this); return;
+  }
+
+  throw;
+}
+
+void DSP::setResamplerFrequency(real frequency) {
+  resampler->frequency = frequency;
+  resampler->setFrequency();
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/endian.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 #ifndef NALL_ENDIAN_HPP
 #define NALL_ENDIAN_HPP
 
-#if !defined(ARCH_MSB)
+#include <nall/intrinsics.hpp>
+
+#if defined(ENDIAN_LSB)
   //little-endian: uint8_t[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 } == 0x04030201
   #define order_lsb2(a,b)             a,b
   #define order_lsb3(a,b,c)           a,b,c
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@
   #define order_msb6(a,b,c,d,e,f)     f,e,d,c,b,a
   #define order_msb7(a,b,c,d,e,f,g)   g,f,e,d,c,b,a
   #define order_msb8(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h) h,g,f,e,d,c,b,a
-#else
+#elif defined(ENDIAN_MSB)
   //big-endian:    uint8_t[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 } == 0x01020304
   #define order_lsb2(a,b)             b,a
   #define order_lsb3(a,b,c)           c,b,a
@@ -33,6 +35,8 @@
   #define order_msb6(a,b,c,d,e,f)     a,b,c,d,e,f
   #define order_msb7(a,b,c,d,e,f,g)   a,b,c,d,e,f,g
   #define order_msb8(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h) a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h
+#else
+  #error "Unknown endian. Please specify in nall/intrinsics.hpp"
 #endif
 
 #endif

bsnes/nall/file.hpp

@@ -1,22 +1,14 @@
 #ifndef NALL_FILE_HPP
 #define NALL_FILE_HPP
 
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#if !defined(_WIN32)
-  #include <unistd.h>
-#else
-  #include <io.h>
-#endif
-
+#include <nall/platform.hpp>
 #include <nall/stdint.hpp>
 #include <nall/string.hpp>
-#include <nall/utf8.hpp>
 #include <nall/utility.hpp>
+#include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
-  inline FILE* fopen_utf8(const char *utf8_filename, const char *mode) {
+  inline FILE* fopen_utf8(const string &utf8_filename, const char *mode) {
     #if !defined(_WIN32)
     return fopen(utf8_filename, mode);
     #else
@@ -28,6 +20,30 @@ namespace nall {
   public:
     enum class mode : unsigned { read, write, readwrite, writeread };
     enum class index : unsigned { absolute, relative };
+    enum class time : unsigned { create, modify, access };
+
+    static bool read(const string &filename, uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size) {
+      data = 0;
+      file fp;
+      if(fp.open(filename, mode::read) == false) return false;
+      size = fp.size();
+      data = new uint8_t[size];
+      fp.read(data, size);
+      fp.close();
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool read(const string &filename, const uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size) {
+      return file::read(filename, (uint8_t*&)data, size);
+    }
+
+    static bool write(const string &filename, const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+      file fp;
+      if(fp.open(filename, mode::write) == false) return false;
+      fp.write(data, size);
+      fp.close();
+      return true;
+    }
 
     uint8_t read() {
       if(!fp) return 0xff;                       //file not open
@@ -142,52 +158,60 @@ namespace nall {
       return file_offset >= file_size;
     }
 
-    static bool exists(const char *fn) {
+    static bool exists(const string &filename) {
       #if !defined(_WIN32)
-      FILE *fp = fopen(fn, "rb");
+      struct stat64 data;
+      return stat64(filename, &data) == 0;
       #else
-      FILE *fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(fn), L"rb");
+      struct __stat64 data;
+      return _wstat64(utf16_t(filename), &data) == 0;
       #endif
-      if(fp) {
-        fclose(fp);
-        return true;
-      }
-      return false;
     }
 
-    static unsigned size(const char *fn) {
+    static uintmax_t size(const string &filename) {
       #if !defined(_WIN32)
-      FILE *fp = fopen(fn, "rb");
+      struct stat64 data;
+      stat64(filename, &data);
       #else
-      FILE *fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(fn), L"rb");
+      struct __stat64 data;
+      _wstat64(utf16_t(filename), &data);
       #endif
-      unsigned filesize = 0;
-      if(fp) {
-        fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
-        filesize = ftell(fp);
-        fclose(fp);
+      return S_ISREG(data.st_mode) ? data.st_size : 0u;
+    }
+
+    static time_t timestamp(const string &filename, file::time mode = file::time::create) {
+      #if !defined(_WIN32)
+      struct stat64 data;
+      stat64(filename, &data);
+      #else
+      struct __stat64 data;
+      _wstat64(utf16_t(filename), &data);
+      #endif
+      switch(mode) { default:
+        case file::time::create: return data.st_ctime;
+        case file::time::modify: return data.st_mtime;
+        case file::time::access: return data.st_atime;
       }
-      return filesize;
     }
 
     bool open() {
       return fp;
     }
 
-    bool open(const char *fn, mode mode_) {
+    bool open(const string &filename, mode mode_) {
       if(fp) return false;
 
       switch(file_mode = mode_) {
         #if !defined(_WIN32)
-        case mode::read:      fp = fopen(fn, "rb");  break;
-        case mode::write:     fp = fopen(fn, "wb+"); break;  //need read permission for buffering
-        case mode::readwrite: fp = fopen(fn, "rb+"); break;
-        case mode::writeread: fp = fopen(fn, "wb+"); break;
+        case mode::read:      fp = fopen(filename, "rb" ); break;
+        case mode::write:     fp = fopen(filename, "wb+"); break;  //need read permission for buffering
+        case mode::readwrite: fp = fopen(filename, "rb+"); break;
+        case mode::writeread: fp = fopen(filename, "wb+"); break;
         #else
-        case mode::read:      fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(fn), L"rb");  break;
-        case mode::write:     fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(fn), L"wb+"); break;
-        case mode::readwrite: fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(fn), L"rb+"); break;
-        case mode::writeread: fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(fn), L"wb+"); break;
+        case mode::read:      fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"rb" ); break;
+        case mode::write:     fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"wb+"); break;
+        case mode::readwrite: fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"rb+"); break;
+        case mode::writeread: fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"wb+"); break;
         #endif
       }
       if(!fp) return false;

bsnes/nall/filemap.hpp

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define NALL_FILEMAP_HPP
 
 #include <nall/stdint.hpp>
-#include <nall/utf8.hpp>
+#include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace nall {
   public:
     enum class mode : unsigned { read, write, readwrite, writeread };
 
-    bool opened() const { return p_opened(); }
+    bool open() const { return p_open(); }
     bool open(const char *filename, mode mode_) { return p_open(filename, mode_); }
     void close() { return p_close(); }
     unsigned size() const { return p_size; }
@@ -42,11 +42,17 @@ namespace nall {
 
     HANDLE p_filehandle, p_maphandle;
 
-    bool p_opened() const {
+    bool p_open() const {
       return p_handle;
     }
 
     bool p_open(const char *filename, mode mode_) {
+      if(file::exists(filename) && file::size(filename) == 0) {
+        p_handle = 0;
+        p_size = 0;
+        return true;
+      }
+
       int desired_access, creation_disposition, flprotect, map_access;
 
       switch(mode_) {
@@ -128,11 +134,17 @@ namespace nall {
 
     int p_fd;
 
-    bool p_opened() const {
+    bool p_open() const {
       return p_handle;
     }
 
     bool p_open(const char *filename, mode mode_) {
+      if(file::exists(filename) && file::size(filename) == 0) {
+        p_handle = 0;
+        p_size = 0;
+        return true;
+      }
+
       int open_flags, mmap_flags;
 
       switch(mode_) {

bsnes/nall/foreach.hpp

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef NALL_FOREACH_HPP
-#define NALL_FOREACH_HPP
-
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <nall/concept.hpp>
-
-#undef foreach
-
-#define foreach2(iter, object) foreach3(iter, object, foreach_counter)
-#define foreach3(iter, object, foreach_counter) \
-  for(unsigned foreach_counter = 0, foreach_limit = container_size(object), foreach_once = 0, foreach_broken = 0; foreach_counter < foreach_limit && foreach_broken == 0; foreach_counter++, foreach_once = 0) \
-    for(auto &iter = object[foreach_counter]; foreach_once == 0 && (foreach_broken = 1); foreach_once++, foreach_broken = 0)
-
-#define foreach_impl(...) foreach_decl(__VA_ARGS__, foreach3(__VA_ARGS__), foreach2(__VA_ARGS__), foreach_too_few_arguments)
-#define foreach_decl(_1, _2, _3, N, ...) N
-#define foreach(...) foreach_impl(__VA_ARGS__)
-
-#endif

bsnes/nall/function.hpp

@@ -36,19 +36,19 @@ namespace nall {
   public:
     operator bool() const { return callback; }
     R operator()(P... p) const { return (*callback)(std::forward<P>(p)...); }
-    void reset() { if(callback) { delete callback; callback = 0; } }
+    void reset() { if(callback) { delete callback; callback = nullptr; } }
 
     function& operator=(const function &source) {
       if(this != &source) {
-        if(callback) { delete callback; callback = 0; }
+        if(callback) { delete callback; callback = nullptr; }
         if(source.callback) callback = source.callback->copy();
       }
       return *this;
     }
 
-    function(const function &source) : callback(0) { operator=(source); }
-    function() : callback(0) {}
-    function(void *function) : callback(0) { if(function) callback = new global((R (*)(P...))function); }
+    function(const function &source) : callback(nullptr) { operator=(source); }
+    function() : callback(nullptr) {}
+    function(void *function) : callback(nullptr) { if(function) callback = new global((R (*)(P...))function); }
     function(R (*function)(P...)) { callback = new global(function); }
     template<typename C> function(R (C::*function)(P...), C *object) { callback = new member<C>(function, object); }
     template<typename C> function(R (C::*function)(P...) const, C *object) { callback = new member<C>((R (C::*)(P...))function, object); }

bsnes/nall/gameboy/cartridge.hpp

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ namespace nall {
 
 class GameBoyCartridge {
 public:
-  string xml;
-  inline GameBoyCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  string markup;
+  inline GameBoyCartridge(uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
 
 //private:
   struct Information {
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ public:
   } info;
 };
 
-GameBoyCartridge::GameBoyCartridge(const uint8_t *romdata, unsigned romsize) {
-  xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+GameBoyCartridge::GameBoyCartridge(uint8_t *romdata, unsigned romsize) {
+  markup = "";
   if(romsize < 0x4000) return;
 
   info.mapper = "unknown";
@@ -34,6 +34,20 @@ GameBoyCartridge::GameBoyCartridge(const uint8_t *romdata, unsigned romsize) {
   info.romsize = 0;
   info.ramsize = 0;
 
+  unsigned base = romsize - 0x8000;
+  if(romdata[base + 0x0104] == 0xce && romdata[base + 0x0105] == 0xed
+  && romdata[base + 0x0106] == 0x66 && romdata[base + 0x0107] == 0x66
+  && romdata[base + 0x0108] == 0xcc && romdata[base + 0x0109] == 0x0d
+  && romdata[base + 0x0147] >= 0x0b && romdata[base + 0x0147] <= 0x0d
+  ) {
+    //MMM01 stores header at bottom of image
+    //flip this around for consistency with all other mappers
+    uint8_t header[0x8000];
+    memcpy(header, romdata + base, 0x8000);
+    memmove(romdata + 0x8000, romdata, romsize - 0x8000);
+    memcpy(romdata, header, 0x8000);
+  }
+
   switch(romdata[0x0147]) {
     case 0x00: info.mapper = "none";  break;
     case 0x01: info.mapper = "MBC1";  break;
@@ -86,18 +100,15 @@ GameBoyCartridge::GameBoyCartridge(const uint8_t *romdata, unsigned romsize) {
 
   if(info.mapper == "MBC2") info.ramsize = 512;  //512 x 4-bit
 
-  xml << "<cartridge mapper='" << info.mapper << "'";
-  if(info.rtc) xml << " rtc='true'";
-  if(info.rumble) xml << " rumble='true'";
-  xml << ">\n";
+  markup.append("cartridge mapper=", info.mapper);
+  if(info.rtc) markup.append(" rtc");
+  if(info.rumble) markup.append(" rumble");
+  markup.append("\n");
 
-  xml << "  <rom size='" << hex(romsize) << "'/>\n";  //TODO: trust/check info.romsize?
+  markup.append("\t" "rom size=", hex(romsize), "\n");  //TODO: trust/check info.romsize?
 
   if(info.ramsize > 0)
-  xml << "  <ram size='" << hex(info.ramsize) << "' battery='" << info.battery << "'/>\n";
-
-  xml << "</cartridge>\n";
-  xml.transform("'", "\"");
+  markup.append("\t" "ram size=", hex(info.ramsize), info.battery ? " non-volatile\n" : "\n");
 }
 
 }

bsnes/nall/gzip.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#ifndef NALL_GZIP_HPP
+#define NALL_GZIP_HPP
+
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/inflate.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct gzip {
+  string filename;
+  uint8_t *data;
+  unsigned size;
+
+  bool decompress(const string &filename);
+  bool decompress(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+
+  gzip();
+  ~gzip();
+};
+
+bool gzip::decompress(const string &filename) {
+  uint8_t *data;
+  unsigned size;
+  if(file::read(filename, data, size) == false) return false;
+  bool result = decompress(data, size);
+  delete[] data;
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool gzip::decompress(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  if(size < 18) return false;
+  if(data[0] != 0x1f) return false;
+  if(data[1] != 0x8b) return false;
+  unsigned cm = data[2];
+  unsigned flg = data[3];
+  unsigned mtime = data[4];
+  mtime |= data[5] << 8;
+  mtime |= data[6] << 16;
+  mtime |= data[7] << 24;
+  unsigned xfl = data[8];
+  unsigned os = data[9];
+  unsigned p = 10;
+  unsigned isize = data[size - 4];
+  isize |= data[size - 3] << 8;
+  isize |= data[size - 2] << 16;
+  isize |= data[size - 1] << 24;
+  filename = "";
+
+  if(flg & 0x04) {  //FEXTRA
+    unsigned xlen = data[p + 0];
+    xlen |= data[p + 1] << 8;
+    p += 2 + xlen;
+  }
+
+  if(flg & 0x08) {  //FNAME
+    char buffer[PATH_MAX];
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < PATH_MAX; n++, p++) {
+      buffer[n] = data[p];
+      if(data[p] == 0) break;
+    }
+    if(data[p++]) return false;
+    filename = buffer;
+  }
+
+  if(flg & 0x10) {  //FCOMMENT
+    while(data[p++]);
+  }
+
+  if(flg & 0x02) {  //FHCRC
+    p += 2;
+  }
+
+  this->size = isize;
+  this->data = new uint8_t[this->size];
+  return inflate(this->data, this->size, data + p, size - p - 8);
+}
+
+gzip::gzip() : data(nullptr) {
+}
+
+gzip::~gzip() {
+  if(data) delete[] data;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/http.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#ifndef NALL_HTTP_HPP
+#define NALL_HTTP_HPP
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
+  #include <sys/types.h>
+  #include <sys/socket.h>
+  #include <netinet/in.h>
+  #include <netdb.h>
+#else
+  #include <windows.h>
+  #include <winsock2.h>
+  #include <ws2tcpip.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <nall/platform.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct http {
+  string hostname;
+  addrinfo *serverinfo;
+  int serversocket;
+  string header;
+
+  inline void download(const string &path, uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size) {
+    data = 0;
+    size = 0;
+
+    send({
+      "GET ", path, " HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+      "Host: ", hostname, "\r\n"
+      "Connection: close\r\n"
+      "\r\n"
+    });
+
+    header = downloadHeader();
+    downloadContent(data, size);
+  }
+
+  inline bool connect(string host, unsigned port) {
+    hostname = host;
+
+    addrinfo hints;
+    memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(addrinfo));
+    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+    hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
+
+    int status = getaddrinfo(hostname, string(port), &hints, &serverinfo);
+    if(status != 0) return false;
+
+    serversocket = socket(serverinfo->ai_family, serverinfo->ai_socktype, serverinfo->ai_protocol);
+    if(serversocket == -1) return false;
+
+    int result = ::connect(serversocket, serverinfo->ai_addr, serverinfo->ai_addrlen);
+    if(result == -1) return false;
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline bool send(const string &data) {
+    return send((const uint8_t*)(const char*)data, data.length());
+  }
+
+  inline bool send(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+    while(size) {
+      int length = ::send(serversocket, (const char*)data, size, 0);
+      if(length == -1) return false;
+      data += length;
+      size -= length;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline string downloadHeader() {
+    string output;
+    do {
+      char buffer[2];
+      int length = recv(serversocket, buffer, 1, 0);
+      if(length <= 0) return output;
+      buffer[1] = 0;
+      output.append(buffer);
+    } while(output.endswith("\r\n\r\n") == false);
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  inline string downloadChunkLength() {
+    string output;
+    do {
+      char buffer[2];
+      int length = recv(serversocket, buffer, 1, 0);
+      if(length <= 0) return output;
+      buffer[1] = 0;
+      output.append(buffer);
+    } while(output.endswith("\r\n") == false);
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  inline void downloadContent(uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size) {
+    unsigned capacity = 0;
+
+    if(header.iposition("\r\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n")) {
+      while(true) {
+        unsigned length = hex(downloadChunkLength());
+        if(length == 0) break;
+        capacity += length;
+        data = (uint8_t*)realloc(data, capacity);
+
+        char buffer[length];
+        while(length) {
+          int packetlength = recv(serversocket, buffer, length, 0);
+          if(packetlength <= 0) break;
+          memcpy(data + size, buffer, packetlength);
+          size += packetlength;
+          length -= packetlength;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if(auto position = header.iposition("\r\nContent-Length: ")) {
+      unsigned length = decimal((const char*)header + position() + 16);
+      while(length) {
+        char buffer[256];
+        int packetlength = recv(serversocket, buffer, min(256, length), 0);
+        if(packetlength <= 0) break;
+        capacity += packetlength;
+        data = (uint8_t*)realloc(data, capacity);
+        memcpy(data + size, buffer, packetlength);
+        size += packetlength;
+        length -= packetlength;
+      }
+    } else {
+      while(true) {
+        char buffer[256];
+        int packetlength = recv(serversocket, buffer, 256, 0);
+        if(packetlength <= 0) break;
+        capacity += packetlength;
+        data = (uint8_t*)realloc(data, capacity);
+        memcpy(data + size, buffer, packetlength);
+        size += packetlength;
+      }
+    }
+
+    data = (uint8_t*)realloc(data, capacity + 1);
+    data[capacity] = 0;
+  }
+
+  inline void disconnect() {
+    close(serversocket);
+    freeaddrinfo(serverinfo);
+    serverinfo = 0;
+    serversocket = -1;
+  }
+
+  #ifdef _WIN32
+  inline int close(int sock) {
+    return closesocket(sock);
+  }
+
+  inline http() {
+    int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
+    if(sock == INVALID_SOCKET && WSAGetLastError() == WSANOTINITIALISED) {
+      WSADATA wsaData;
+      if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0) {
+        WSACleanup();
+        return;
+      }
+    } else {
+      close(sock);
+    }
+  }
+  #endif
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/inflate.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+#ifndef NALL_INFLATE_HPP
+#define NALL_INFLATE_HPP
+
+#include <setjmp.h>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+namespace puff {
+  inline int puff(
+    unsigned char *dest, unsigned long *destlen,
+    unsigned char *source, unsigned long *sourcelen
+  );
+}
+
+inline bool inflate(
+  uint8_t *target, unsigned targetLength,
+  const uint8_t *source, unsigned sourceLength
+) {
+  unsigned long tl = targetLength, sl = sourceLength;
+  int result = puff::puff((unsigned char*)target, &tl, (unsigned char*)source, &sl);
+  return result == 0;
+}
+
+namespace puff {
+
+//zlib/contrib/puff.c
+//version 2.1*
+//author: Mark Adler
+//license: zlib
+//ported by: byuu
+
+//* I have corrected a bug in fixed(), where it was accessing uninitialized
+//  memory: calling construct() with lencode prior to initializing lencode.count
+
+enum {
+  MAXBITS   =  15,
+  MAXLCODES = 286,
+  MAXDCODES =  30,
+  FIXLCODES = 288,
+  MAXCODES  = MAXLCODES + MAXDCODES,
+};
+
+struct state {
+  unsigned char *out;
+  unsigned long outlen;
+  unsigned long outcnt;
+
+  unsigned char *in;
+  unsigned long inlen;
+  unsigned long incnt;
+  int bitbuf;
+  int bitcnt;
+
+  jmp_buf env;
+};
+
+struct huffman {
+  short *count;
+  short *symbol;
+};
+
+inline int bits(state *s, int need) {
+  long val;
+
+  val = s->bitbuf;
+  while(s->bitcnt < need) {
+    if(s->incnt == s->inlen) longjmp(s->env, 1);
+    val |= (long)(s->in[s->incnt++]) << s->bitcnt;
+    s->bitcnt += 8;
+  }
+
+  s->bitbuf = (int)(val >> need);
+  s->bitcnt -= need;
+
+  return (int)(val & ((1L << need) - 1));
+}
+
+inline int stored(state *s) {
+  unsigned len;
+
+  s->bitbuf = 0;
+  s->bitcnt = 0;
+
+  if(s->incnt + 4 > s->inlen) return 2;
+  len  = s->in[s->incnt++];
+  len |= s->in[s->incnt++] << 8;
+  if(s->in[s->incnt++] != (~len & 0xff) ||
+     s->in[s->incnt++] != ((~len >> 8) & 0xff)
+  ) return 2;
+
+  if(s->incnt + len > s->inlen) return 2;
+  if(s->out != 0) {
+    if(s->outcnt + len > s->outlen) return 1;
+    while(len--) s->out[s->outcnt++] = s->in[s->incnt++];
+  } else {
+    s->outcnt += len;
+    s->incnt += len;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+inline int decode(state *s, huffman *h) {
+  int len, code, first, count, index, bitbuf, left;
+  short *next;
+
+  bitbuf = s->bitbuf;
+  left = s->bitcnt;
+  code = first = index = 0;
+  len = 1;
+  next = h->count + 1;
+  while(true) {
+    while(left--) {
+      code |= bitbuf & 1;
+      bitbuf >>= 1;
+      count = *next++;
+      if(code - count < first) {
+        s->bitbuf = bitbuf;
+        s->bitcnt = (s->bitcnt - len) & 7;
+        return h->symbol[index + (code - first)];
+      }
+      index += count;
+      first += count;
+      first <<= 1;
+      code <<= 1;
+      len++;
+    }
+    left = (MAXBITS + 1) - len;
+    if(left == 0) break;
+    if(s->incnt == s->inlen) longjmp(s->env, 1);
+    bitbuf = s->in[s->incnt++];
+    if(left > 8) left = 8;
+  }
+
+  return -10;
+}
+
+inline int construct(huffman *h, short *length, int n) {
+  int symbol, len, left;
+  short offs[MAXBITS + 1];
+
+  for(len = 0; len <= MAXBITS; len++) h->count[len] = 0;
+  for(symbol = 0; symbol < n; symbol++) h->count[length[symbol]]++;
+  if(h->count[0] == n) return 0;
+
+  left = 1;
+  for(len = 1; len <= MAXBITS; len++) {
+    left <<= 1;
+    left -= h->count[len];
+    if(left < 0) return left;
+  }
+
+  offs[1] = 0;
+  for(len = 1; len < MAXBITS; len++) offs[len + 1] = offs[len] + h->count[len];
+
+  for(symbol = 0; symbol < n; symbol++) {
+    if(length[symbol] != 0) h->symbol[offs[length[symbol]]++] = symbol;
+  }
+
+  return left;
+}
+
+inline int codes(state *s, huffman *lencode, huffman *distcode) {
+  int symbol, len;
+  unsigned dist;
+  static const short lens[29] = {
+    3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 23, 27, 31,
+    35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 83, 99, 115, 131, 163, 195, 227, 258
+  };
+  static const short lext[29] = {
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2,
+    3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 0
+  };
+  static const short dists[30] = {
+    1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 17, 25, 33, 49, 65, 97, 129, 193,
+    257, 385, 513, 769, 1025, 1537, 2049, 3073, 4097, 6145,
+    8193, 12289, 16385, 24577
+  };
+  static const short dext[30] = {
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6,
+    7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11,
+    12, 12, 13, 13
+  };
+
+  do {
+    symbol = decode(s, lencode);
+    if(symbol < 0) return symbol;
+    if(symbol < 256) {
+      if(s->out != 0) {
+        if(s->outcnt == s->outlen) return 1;
+        s->out[s->outcnt] = symbol;
+      }
+      s->outcnt++;
+    } else if(symbol > 256) {
+      symbol -= 257;
+      if(symbol >= 29) return -10;
+      len = lens[symbol] + bits(s, lext[symbol]);
+
+      symbol = decode(s, distcode);
+      if(symbol < 0) return symbol;
+      dist = dists[symbol] + bits(s, dext[symbol]);
+      #ifndef INFLATE_ALLOW_INVALID_DISTANCE_TOO_FAR
+      if(dist > s->outcnt) return -11;
+      #endif
+
+      if(s->out != 0) {
+        if(s->outcnt + len > s->outlen) return 1;
+        while(len--) {
+          s->out[s->outcnt] =
+          #ifdef INFLATE_ALLOW_INVALID_DISTANCE_TOO_FAR
+          dist > s->outcnt ? 0 :
+          #endif
+          s->out[s->outcnt - dist];
+          s->outcnt++;
+        }
+      } else {
+        s->outcnt += len;
+      }
+    }
+  } while(symbol != 256);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+inline int fixed(state *s) {
+  static int virgin = 1;
+  static short lencnt[MAXBITS + 1], lensym[FIXLCODES];
+  static short distcnt[MAXBITS + 1], distsym[MAXDCODES];
+  static huffman lencode, distcode;
+
+  if(virgin) {
+    int symbol = 0;
+    short lengths[FIXLCODES];
+
+    lencode.count = lencnt;
+    lencode.symbol = lensym;
+    distcode.count = distcnt;
+    distcode.symbol = distsym;
+
+    for(; symbol <       144; symbol++) lengths[symbol] = 8;
+    for(; symbol <       256; symbol++) lengths[symbol] = 9;
+    for(; symbol <       280; symbol++) lengths[symbol] = 7;
+    for(; symbol < FIXLCODES; symbol++) lengths[symbol] = 8;
+    construct(&lencode, lengths, FIXLCODES);
+
+    for(symbol = 0; symbol < MAXDCODES; symbol++) lengths[symbol] = 5;
+    construct(&distcode, lengths, MAXDCODES);
+
+    virgin = 0;
+  }
+
+  return codes(s, &lencode, &distcode);
+}
+
+inline int dynamic(state *s) {
+  int nlen, ndist, ncode, index, err;
+  short lengths[MAXCODES];
+  short lencnt[MAXBITS + 1], lensym[MAXLCODES];
+  short distcnt[MAXBITS + 1], distsym[MAXDCODES];
+  huffman lencode, distcode;
+  static const short order[19] = {
+    16, 17, 18, 0, 8, 7, 9, 6, 10, 5, 11, 4, 12, 3, 13, 2, 14, 1, 15
+  };
+
+  lencode.count = lencnt;
+  lencode.symbol = lensym;
+  distcode.count = distcnt;
+  distcode.symbol = distsym;
+
+  nlen = bits(s, 5) + 257;
+  ndist = bits(s, 5) + 1;
+  ncode = bits(s, 4) + 4;
+  if(nlen > MAXLCODES || ndist > MAXDCODES) return -3;
+
+  for(index = 0; index < ncode; index++) lengths[order[index]] = bits(s, 3);
+  for(; index < 19; index++) lengths[order[index]] = 0;
+
+  err = construct(&lencode, lengths, 19);
+  if(err != 0) return -4;
+
+  index = 0;
+  while(index < nlen + ndist) {
+    int symbol, len;
+
+    symbol = decode(s, &lencode);
+    if(symbol < 16) {
+      lengths[index++] = symbol;
+    } else {
+      len = 0;
+      if(symbol == 16) {
+        if(index == 0) return -5;
+        len = lengths[index - 1];
+        symbol = 3 + bits(s, 2);
+      } else if(symbol == 17) {
+        symbol = 3 + bits(s, 3);
+      } else {
+        symbol = 11 + bits(s, 7);
+      }
+      if(index + symbol > nlen + ndist) return -6;
+      while(symbol--) lengths[index++] = len;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(lengths[256] == 0) return -9;
+
+  err = construct(&lencode, lengths, nlen);
+  if(err < 0 || (err > 0 && nlen - lencode.count[0] != 1)) return -7;
+
+  err = construct(&distcode, lengths + nlen, ndist);
+  if(err < 0 || (err > 0 && ndist - distcode.count[0] != 1)) return -8;
+
+  return codes(s, &lencode, &distcode);
+}
+
+inline int puff(
+  unsigned char *dest, unsigned long *destlen,
+  unsigned char *source, unsigned long *sourcelen
+) {
+  state s;
+  int last, type, err;
+
+  s.out = dest;
+  s.outlen = *destlen;
+  s.outcnt = 0;
+
+  s.in = source;
+  s.inlen = *sourcelen;
+  s.incnt = 0;
+  s.bitbuf = 0;
+  s.bitcnt = 0;
+
+  if(setjmp(s.env) != 0) {
+    err = 2;
+  } else {
+    do {
+      last = bits(&s, 1);
+      type = bits(&s, 2);
+      err = type == 0 ? stored(&s)
+          : type == 1 ? fixed(&s)
+          : type == 2 ? dynamic(&s)
+          : -1;
+      if(err != 0) break;
+    } while(!last);
+  }
+
+  if(err <= 0) {
+    *destlen = s.outcnt;
+    *sourcelen = s.incnt;
+  }
+
+  return err;
+}
+
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/input.hpp

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ struct Keyboard {
         break;
       }
     }
-    return string() << "KB" << ID << "::" << KeyboardScancodeName[index];
+    return { "KB", ID, "::", KeyboardScancodeName[index] };
   }
 
   uint16_t operator[](Scancode code) const { return Base + ID * Size + code; }
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ struct Mouse {
         break;
       }
     }
-    return string() << "MS" << ID << "::" << MouseScancodeName[index];
+    return { "MS", ID, "::", MouseScancodeName[index] };
   }
 
   uint16_t operator[](Scancode code) const { return Base + ID * Size + code; }
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ struct Joypad {
         index = code - (Base + Size * i);
       }
     }
-    return string() << "JP" << ID << "::" << JoypadScancodeName[index];
+    return { "JP", ID, "::", JoypadScancodeName[index] };
   }
 
   uint16_t operator[](Scancode code) const { return Base + ID * Size + code; }

bsnes/nall/intrinsics.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#ifndef NALL_INTRINSICS_HPP
+#define NALL_INTRINSICS_HPP
+
+struct Intrinsics {
+  enum class Compiler : unsigned { GCC, VisualC, Unknown };
+  enum class Platform : unsigned { X, OSX, Windows, Unknown };
+  enum class Endian : unsigned { LSB, MSB, Unknown };
+
+  static inline Compiler compiler();
+  static inline Platform platform();
+  static inline Endian endian();
+};
+
+/* Compiler detection */
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+  #define COMPILER_GCC
+  Intrinsics::Compiler Intrinsics::compiler() { return Intrinsics::Compiler::GCC; }
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+  #define COMPILER_VISUALC
+  Intrinsics::Compiler Intrinsics::compiler() { return Intrinsics::Compiler::VisualC; }
+#else
+  #define COMPILER_UNKNOWN
+  Intrinsics::Compiler Intrinsics::compiler() { return Intrinsics::Compiler::Unknown; }
+#endif
+
+/* Platform detection */
+
+#if defined(linux) || defined(__sun__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__FreeBSD_kernel__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
+  #define PLATFORM_X
+  Intrinsics::Platform Intrinsics::platform() { return Intrinsics::Platform::X; }
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+  #define PLATFORM_OSX
+  Intrinsics::Platform Intrinsics::platform() { return Intrinsics::Platform::OSX; }
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+  #define PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+  #define PLATFORM_WIN
+  Intrinsics::Platform Intrinsics::platform() { return Intrinsics::Platform::Windows; }
+#else
+  #define PLATFORM_UNKNOWN
+  
+#endif
+
+/* Endian detection */
+
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_AMD64)
+  #define ENDIAN_LSB
+  #define ARCH_LSB
+  Intrinsics::Endian Intrinsics::endian() { return Intrinsics::Endian::LSB; }
+#elif defined(__powerpc__) || defined(_M_PPC) || defined(__BIG_ENDIAN__)
+  #define ENDIAN_MSB
+  #define ARCH_MSB
+  Intrinsics::Endian Intrinsics::endian() { return Intrinsics::Endian::MSB; }
+#else
+  #define ENDIAN_UNKNOWN
+  #define ARCH_UNKNOWN
+  Intrinsics::Endian Intrinsics::endia() { return Intrinsics::Endian::Unknown; }
+#endif
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/ips.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#ifndef NALL_IPS_HPP
+#define NALL_IPS_HPP
+
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct ips {
+  inline bool apply();
+  inline void source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline void modify(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline bool source(const string &filename);
+  inline bool modify(const string &filename);
+  inline ips();
+  inline ~ips();
+
+  uint8_t *data;
+  unsigned size;
+  const uint8_t *sourceData;
+  unsigned sourceSize;
+  const uint8_t *modifyData;
+  unsigned modifySize;
+};
+
+bool ips::apply() {
+  if(modifySize < 8) return false;
+  if(modifyData[0] != 'P') return false;
+  if(modifyData[1] != 'A') return false;
+  if(modifyData[2] != 'T') return false;
+  if(modifyData[3] != 'C') return false;
+  if(modifyData[4] != 'H') return false;
+
+  if(data) delete[] data;
+  data = new uint8_t[16 * 1024 * 1024 + 65536]();  //maximum size of IPS patch + single-tag padding
+  size = sourceSize;
+  memcpy(data, sourceData, sourceSize);
+  unsigned offset = 5;
+
+  while(true) {
+    unsigned address, length;
+
+    if(offset > modifySize - 3) break;
+    address  = modifyData[offset++] << 16;
+    address |= modifyData[offset++] <<  8;
+    address |= modifyData[offset++] <<  0;
+
+    if(address == 0x454f46) {  //EOF
+      if(offset == modifySize) return true;
+      if(offset == modifySize - 3) {
+        size  = modifyData[offset++] << 16;
+        size |= modifyData[offset++] <<  8;
+        size |= modifyData[offset++] <<  0;
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if(offset > modifySize - 2) break;
+    length  = modifyData[offset++] << 8;
+    length |= modifyData[offset++] << 0;
+
+    if(length) {  //Copy
+      if(offset > modifySize - length) break;
+      while(length--) data[address++] = modifyData[offset++];
+    } else {  //RLE
+      if(offset > modifySize - 3) break;
+      length  = modifyData[offset++] << 8;
+      length |= modifyData[offset++] << 0;
+      if(length == 0) break;  //illegal
+      while(length--) data[address++] = modifyData[offset];
+      offset++;
+    }
+
+    size = max(size, address);
+  }
+
+  delete[] data;
+  data = nullptr;
+  return false;
+}
+
+void ips::source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  sourceData = data, sourceSize = size;
+}
+
+void ips::modify(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  modifyData = data, modifySize = size;
+}
+
+bool ips::source(const string &filename) {
+  return file::read(filename, sourceData, sourceSize);
+}
+
+bool ips::modify(const string &filename) {
+  return file::read(filename, modifyData, modifySize);
+}
+
+ips::ips() : data(nullptr), sourceData(nullptr), modifyData(nullptr) {
+}
+
+ips::~ips() {
+  if(data) delete[] data;
+  if(sourceData) delete[] sourceData;
+  if(modifyData) delete[] modifyData;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/lzss.hpp

@@ -1,81 +1,165 @@
 #ifndef NALL_LZSS_HPP
 #define NALL_LZSS_HPP
 
-#include <nall/array.hpp>
-#include <nall/new.hpp>
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/filemap.hpp>
 #include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
-  class lzss {
-  public:
-    static bool encode(uint8_t *&output, unsigned &outlength, const uint8_t *input, unsigned inlength) {
-      output = new(zeromemory) uint8_t[inlength * 9 / 8 + 9];
 
-      unsigned i = 0, o = 0;
-      while(i < inlength) {
-        unsigned flagoffset = o++;
-        uint8_t flag = 0x00;
+//19:5 pulldown
+//8:1 marker: d7-d0
+//length: { 4 - 35 }, offset: { 1 - 0x80000 }
+//4-byte file size header
+//little-endian encoding
+struct lzss {
+  inline void source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline bool source(const string &filename);
+  inline unsigned size() const;
+  inline bool compress(const string &filename);
+  inline bool decompress(uint8_t *targetData, unsigned targetSize);
+  inline bool decompress(const string &filename);
 
-        for(unsigned b = 0; b < 8 && i < inlength; b++) {
-          unsigned longest = 0, pointer;
-          for(unsigned index = 1; index < 4096; index++) {
-            unsigned count = 0;
-            while(true) {
-              if(count >= 15 + 3) break;                               //verify pattern match is not longer than max length
-              if(i + count >= inlength) break;                         //verify pattern match does not read past end of input
-              if(i + count < index) break;                             //verify read is not before start of input
-              if(input[i + count] != input[i + count - index]) break;  //verify pattern still matches
-              count++;
-            }
+protected:
+  struct Node {
+    unsigned offset;
+    Node *next;
+    inline Node() : offset(0), next(nullptr) {}
+    inline ~Node() { if(next) delete next; }
+  } *tree[65536];
 
-            if(count > longest) {
-              longest = count;
-              pointer = index;
-            }
-          }
+  filemap sourceFile;
+  const uint8_t *sourceData;
+  unsigned sourceSize;
 
-          if(longest < 3) output[o++] = input[i++];
-          else {
-            flag |= 1 << b;
-            uint16_t x = ((longest - 3) << 12) + pointer;
-            output[o++] = x;
-            output[o++] = x >> 8;
-            i += longest;
-          }
+public:
+  inline lzss() : sourceData(nullptr), sourceSize(0) {}
+};
+
+void lzss::source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  sourceData = data;
+  sourceSize = size;
+}
+
+bool lzss::source(const string &filename) {
+  if(sourceFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  sourceData = sourceFile.data();
+  sourceSize = sourceFile.size();
+  return true;
+}
+
+unsigned lzss::size() const {
+  unsigned size = 0;
+  if(sourceSize < 4) return size;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) size |= sourceData[n >> 3] << n;
+  return size;
+}
+
+bool lzss::compress(const string &filename) {
+  file targetFile;
+  if(targetFile.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
+
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) targetFile.write(sourceSize >> n);
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 65536; n++) tree[n] = 0;
+
+  uint8_t buffer[25];
+  unsigned sourceOffset = 0;
+
+  while(sourceOffset < sourceSize) {
+    uint8_t mask = 0x00;
+    unsigned bufferOffset = 1;
+
+    for(unsigned iteration = 0; iteration < 8; iteration++) {
+      if(sourceOffset >= sourceSize) break;
+
+      uint16_t symbol = sourceData[sourceOffset + 0];
+      if(sourceOffset < sourceSize - 1) symbol |= sourceData[sourceOffset + 1] << 8;
+      Node *node = tree[symbol];
+      unsigned maxLength = 0, maxOffset = 0;
+
+      while(node) {
+        if(node->offset < sourceOffset - 0x80000) {
+          //out-of-range: all subsequent nodes will also be, so free up their memory
+          if(node->next) { delete node->next; node->next = 0; }
+          break;
         }
 
-        output[flagoffset] = flag;
+        unsigned length = 0, x = sourceOffset, y = node->offset;
+        while(length < 35 && x < sourceSize && sourceData[x++] == sourceData[y++]) length++;
+        if(length > maxLength) maxLength = length, maxOffset = node->offset;
+        if(length == 35) break;
+
+        node = node->next;
       }
 
-      outlength = o;
-      return true;
-    }
+      //attach current symbol to top of tree for subsequent searches
+      node = new Node;
+      node->offset = sourceOffset;
+      node->next = tree[symbol];
+      tree[symbol] = node;
 
-    static bool decode(uint8_t *&output, const uint8_t *input, unsigned length) {
-      output = new(zeromemory) uint8_t[length];
-
-      unsigned i = 0, o = 0;
-      while(o < length) {
-        uint8_t flag = input[i++];
-
-        for(unsigned b = 0; b < 8 && o < length; b++) {
-          if(!(flag & (1 << b))) output[o++] = input[i++];
-          else {
-            uint16_t offset = input[i++];
-            offset += input[i++] << 8;
-            uint16_t lookuplength = (offset >> 12) + 3;
-            offset &= 4095;
-            for(unsigned index = 0; index < lookuplength && o + index < length; index++) {
-              output[o + index] = output[o + index - offset];
-            }
-            o += lookuplength;
-          }
-        }
+      if(maxLength < 4) {
+        buffer[bufferOffset++] = sourceData[sourceOffset++];
+      } else {
+        unsigned output = ((maxLength - 4) << 19) | (sourceOffset - 1 - maxOffset);
+        for(unsigned n = 0; n < 24; n += 8) buffer[bufferOffset++] = output >> n;
+        mask |= 0x80 >> iteration;
+        sourceOffset += maxLength;
       }
-
-      return true;
     }
-  };
+
+    buffer[0] = mask;
+    targetFile.write(buffer, bufferOffset);
+  }
+
+  sourceFile.close();
+  targetFile.close();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool lzss::decompress(uint8_t *targetData, unsigned targetSize) {
+  if(targetSize < size()) return false;
+
+  unsigned sourceOffset = 4, targetOffset = 0;
+  while(sourceOffset < sourceSize) {
+    uint8_t mask = sourceData[sourceOffset++];
+
+    for(unsigned iteration = 0; iteration < 8; iteration++) {
+      if(sourceOffset >= sourceSize) break;
+
+      if((mask & (0x80 >> iteration)) == 0) {
+        targetData[targetOffset++] = sourceData[sourceOffset++];
+      } else {
+        unsigned code = 0;
+        for(unsigned n = 0; n < 24; n += 8) code |= sourceData[sourceOffset++] << n;
+        unsigned length = (code >> 19) + 4;
+        unsigned offset = targetOffset - 1 - (code & 0x7ffff);
+        while(length--) targetData[targetOffset++] = targetData[offset++];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool lzss::decompress(const string &filename) {
+  if(sourceSize < 4) return false;
+  unsigned targetSize = size();
+
+  file fp;
+  if(fp.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
+  fp.truncate(targetSize);
+  fp.close();
+
+  filemap targetFile;
+  if(targetFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::readwrite) == false) return false;
+  uint8_t *targetData = targetFile.data();
+
+  bool result = decompress(targetData, targetSize);
+  sourceFile.close();
+  targetFile.close();
+  return result;
+}
+
 }
 
 #endif

bsnes/nall/platform.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 #ifndef NALL_PLATFORM_HPP
 #define NALL_PLATFORM_HPP
 
-#include <nall/utf8.hpp>
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  //minimum version needed for _wstat64, etc
+  #undef  __MSVCRT_VERSION__
+  #define __MSVCRT_VERSION__ 0x0601
+  #include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
+#endif
 
 //=========================
 //standard platform headers
@@ -18,16 +23,19 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <time.h>
 
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
 #if defined(_WIN32)
   #include <io.h>
   #include <direct.h>
   #include <shlobj.h>
+  #include <wchar.h>
   #undef interface
   #define dllexport __declspec(dllexport)
 #else
   #include <unistd.h>
   #include <pwd.h>
-  #include <sys/stat.h>
   #define dllexport
 #endif
 
@@ -53,11 +61,11 @@
 #if defined(_WIN32)
   #define getcwd      _getcwd
   #define ftruncate   _chsize
-  #define putenv      _putenv
   #define mkdir(n, m) _wmkdir(nall::utf16_t(n))
+  #define putenv      _putenv
   #define rmdir       _rmdir
-  #define vsnprintf   _vsnprintf
   #define usleep(n)   Sleep(n / 1000)
+  #define vsnprintf   _vsnprintf
 #endif
 
 //================
@@ -87,6 +95,7 @@
     wchar_t fn[_MAX_PATH] = L"";
     _wfullpath(fn, nall::utf16_t(filename), _MAX_PATH);
     strcpy(resolvedname, nall::utf8_t(fn));
+    for(unsigned n = 0; resolvedname[n]; n++) if(resolvedname[n] == '\\') resolvedname[n] = '/';
     return resolvedname;
   }
 
@@ -94,6 +103,9 @@
     wchar_t fp[_MAX_PATH] = L"";
     SHGetFolderPathW(0, CSIDL_APPDATA | CSIDL_FLAG_CREATE, 0, 0, fp);
     strcpy(path, nall::utf8_t(fp));
+    for(unsigned n = 0; path[n]; n++) if(path[n] == '\\') path[n] = '/';
+    unsigned length = strlen(path);
+    if(path[length] != '/') strcpy(path + length, "/");
     return path;
   }
 
@@ -101,6 +113,9 @@
     wchar_t fp[_MAX_PATH] = L"";
     _wgetcwd(fp, _MAX_PATH);
     strcpy(path, nall::utf8_t(fp));
+    for(unsigned n = 0; path[n]; n++) if(path[n] == '\\') path[n] = '/';
+    unsigned length = strlen(path);
+    if(path[length] != '/') strcpy(path + length, "/");
     return path;
   }
 #else
@@ -110,11 +125,16 @@
     *path = 0;
     struct passwd *userinfo = getpwuid(getuid());
     if(userinfo) strcpy(path, userinfo->pw_dir);
+    unsigned length = strlen(path);
+    if(path[length] != '/') strcpy(path + length, "/");
     return path;
   }
 
   inline char *getcwd(char *path) {
-    return getcwd(path, PATH_MAX);
+    auto unused = getcwd(path, PATH_MAX);
+    unsigned length = strlen(path);
+    if(path[length] != '/') strcpy(path + length, "/");
+    return path;
   }
 #endif
 

bsnes/nall/png.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+#ifndef NALL_PNG_HPP
+#define NALL_PNG_HPP
+
+//PNG image decoder
+//author: byuu
+
+#include <nall/inflate.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct png {
+  uint32_t *data;
+  unsigned size;
+
+  struct Info {
+    unsigned width;
+    unsigned height;
+    unsigned bitDepth;
+    unsigned colorType;
+    unsigned compressionMethod;
+    unsigned filterType;
+    unsigned interlaceMethod;
+
+    unsigned bytesPerPixel;
+    unsigned pitch;
+
+    uint8_t palette[256][3];
+  } info;
+
+  uint8_t *rawData;
+  unsigned rawSize;
+
+  inline bool decode(const string &filename);
+  inline bool decode(const uint8_t *sourceData, unsigned sourceSize);
+  inline void transform();
+  inline void alphaTransform(uint32_t rgb = 0xffffff);
+  inline png();
+  inline ~png();
+
+protected:
+  enum class FourCC : unsigned {
+    IHDR = 0x49484452,
+    PLTE = 0x504c5445,
+    IDAT = 0x49444154,
+    IEND = 0x49454e44,
+  };
+
+  unsigned bitpos;
+
+  inline unsigned interlace(unsigned pass, unsigned index);
+  inline unsigned inflateSize();
+  inline bool deinterlace(const uint8_t *&inputData, unsigned pass);
+  inline bool filter(uint8_t *outputData, const uint8_t *inputData, unsigned width, unsigned height);
+  inline unsigned read(const uint8_t *data, unsigned length);
+  inline unsigned decode(const uint8_t *&data);
+  inline unsigned readbits(const uint8_t *&data);
+  inline unsigned scale(unsigned n);
+};
+
+bool png::decode(const string &filename) {
+  uint8_t *data;
+  unsigned size;
+  if(file::read(filename, data, size) == false) return false;
+  bool result = decode(data, size);
+  delete[] data;
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool png::decode(const uint8_t *sourceData, unsigned sourceSize) {
+  if(sourceSize < 8) return false;
+  if(read(sourceData + 0, 4) != 0x89504e47) return false;
+  if(read(sourceData + 4, 4) != 0x0d0a1a0a) return false;
+
+  uint8_t *compressedData = 0;
+  unsigned compressedSize = 0;
+
+  unsigned offset = 8;
+  while(offset < sourceSize) {
+    unsigned length   = read(sourceData + offset + 0, 4);
+    unsigned fourCC   = read(sourceData + offset + 4, 4);
+    unsigned checksum = read(sourceData + offset + 8 + length, 4);
+
+    if(fourCC == (unsigned)FourCC::IHDR) {
+      info.width             = read(sourceData + offset +  8, 4);
+      info.height            = read(sourceData + offset + 12, 4);
+      info.bitDepth          = read(sourceData + offset + 16, 1);
+      info.colorType         = read(sourceData + offset + 17, 1);
+      info.compressionMethod = read(sourceData + offset + 18, 1);
+      info.filterType        = read(sourceData + offset + 19, 1);
+      info.interlaceMethod   = read(sourceData + offset + 20, 1);
+
+      if(info.bitDepth == 0 || info.bitDepth > 16) return false;
+      if(info.bitDepth & (info.bitDepth - 1)) return false;  //not a power of two
+      if(info.compressionMethod != 0) return false;
+      if(info.filterType != 0) return false;
+      if(info.interlaceMethod != 0 && info.interlaceMethod != 1) return false;
+
+      switch(info.colorType) {
+      case 0: info.bytesPerPixel = info.bitDepth * 1; break;  //L
+      case 2: info.bytesPerPixel = info.bitDepth * 3; break;  //R,G,B
+      case 3: info.bytesPerPixel = info.bitDepth * 1; break;  //P
+      case 4: info.bytesPerPixel = info.bitDepth * 2; break;  //L,A
+      case 6: info.bytesPerPixel = info.bitDepth * 4; break;  //R,G,B,A
+      default: return false;
+      }
+
+      if(info.colorType == 2 || info.colorType == 4 || info.colorType == 6)
+        if(info.bitDepth != 8 && info.bitDepth != 16) return false;
+      if(info.colorType == 3 && info.bitDepth == 16) return false;
+
+      info.bytesPerPixel = (info.bytesPerPixel + 7) / 8;
+      info.pitch = (int)info.width * info.bytesPerPixel;
+    }
+
+    if(fourCC == (unsigned)FourCC::PLTE) {
+      if(length % 3) return false;
+      for(unsigned n = 0, p = offset + 8; n < length / 3; n++) {
+        info.palette[n][0] = sourceData[p++];
+        info.palette[n][1] = sourceData[p++];
+        info.palette[n][2] = sourceData[p++];
+      }
+    }
+
+    if(fourCC == (unsigned)FourCC::IDAT) {
+      compressedData = (uint8_t*)realloc(compressedData, compressedSize + length);
+      memcpy(compressedData + compressedSize, sourceData + offset + 8, length);
+      compressedSize += length;
+    }
+
+    if(fourCC == (unsigned)FourCC::IEND) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    offset += 4 + 4 + length + 4;
+  }
+
+  unsigned interlacedSize = inflateSize();
+  uint8_t *interlacedData = new uint8_t[interlacedSize];
+
+  bool result = inflate(interlacedData, interlacedSize, compressedData + 2, compressedSize - 6);
+  delete[] compressedData;
+
+  if(result == false) {
+    delete[] interlacedData;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  rawSize = info.width * info.height * info.bytesPerPixel;
+  rawData = new uint8_t[rawSize];
+
+  if(info.interlaceMethod == 0) {
+    if(filter(rawData, interlacedData, info.width, info.height) == false) {
+      delete[] interlacedData;
+      delete[] rawData;
+      rawData = 0;
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    const uint8_t *passData = interlacedData;
+    for(unsigned pass = 0; pass < 7; pass++) {
+      if(deinterlace(passData, pass) == false) {
+        delete[] interlacedData;
+        delete[] rawData;
+        rawData = 0;
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  delete[] interlacedData;
+  return true;
+}
+
+unsigned png::interlace(unsigned pass, unsigned index) {
+  static const unsigned data[7][4] = {
+    //x-distance, y-distance, x-origin, y-origin
+    { 8, 8, 0, 0 },
+    { 8, 8, 4, 0 },
+    { 4, 8, 0, 4 },
+    { 4, 4, 2, 0 },
+    { 2, 4, 0, 2 },
+    { 2, 2, 1, 0 },
+    { 1, 2, 0, 1 },
+  };
+  return data[pass][index];
+}
+
+unsigned png::inflateSize() {
+  if(info.interlaceMethod == 0) {
+    return info.width * info.height * info.bytesPerPixel + info.height;
+  }
+
+  unsigned size = 0;
+  for(unsigned pass = 0; pass < 7; pass++) {
+    unsigned xd = interlace(pass, 0), yd = interlace(pass, 1);
+    unsigned xo = interlace(pass, 2), yo = interlace(pass, 3);
+    unsigned width  = (info.width  + (xd - xo - 1)) / xd;
+    unsigned height = (info.height + (yd - yo - 1)) / yd;
+    if(width == 0 || height == 0) continue;
+    size += width * height * info.bytesPerPixel + height;
+  }
+  return size;
+}
+
+bool png::deinterlace(const uint8_t *&inputData, unsigned pass) {
+  unsigned xd = interlace(pass, 0), yd = interlace(pass, 1);
+  unsigned xo = interlace(pass, 2), yo = interlace(pass, 3);
+  unsigned width  = (info.width  + (xd - xo - 1)) / xd;
+  unsigned height = (info.height + (yd - yo - 1)) / yd;
+  if(width == 0 || height == 0) return true;
+
+  unsigned outputSize = width * height * info.bytesPerPixel;
+  uint8_t *outputData = new uint8_t[outputSize];
+  bool result = filter(outputData, inputData, width, height);
+
+  const uint8_t *rd = outputData;
+  for(unsigned y = yo; y < info.height; y += yd) {
+    uint8_t *wr = rawData + y * info.pitch;
+    for(unsigned x = xo; x < info.width; x += xd) {
+      for(unsigned b = 0; b < info.bytesPerPixel; b++) {
+        wr[x * info.bytesPerPixel + b] = *rd++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  inputData += outputSize + height;
+  delete[] outputData;
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool png::filter(uint8_t *outputData, const uint8_t *inputData, unsigned width, unsigned height) {
+  uint8_t *wr = outputData;
+  const uint8_t *rd = inputData;
+  int bpp = info.bytesPerPixel, pitch = width * bpp;
+  for(int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+    uint8_t filter = *rd++;
+
+    switch(filter) {
+    case 0x00:  //None
+      for(int x = 0; x < pitch; x++) {
+        wr[x] = rd[x];
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 0x01:  //Subtract
+      for(int x = 0; x < pitch; x++) {
+        wr[x] = rd[x] + (x - bpp < 0 ? 0 : wr[x - bpp]);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 0x02:  //Above
+      for(int x = 0; x < pitch; x++) {
+        wr[x] = rd[x] + (y - 1 < 0 ? 0 : wr[x - pitch]);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 0x03:  //Average
+      for(int x = 0; x < pitch; x++) {
+        short a = x - bpp < 0 ? 0 : wr[x - bpp];
+        short b = y - 1 < 0 ? 0 : wr[x - pitch];
+
+        wr[x] = rd[x] + (uint8_t)((a + b) / 2);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 0x04:  //Paeth
+      for(int x = 0; x < pitch; x++) {
+        short a = x - bpp < 0 ? 0 : wr[x - bpp];
+        short b = y - 1 < 0 ? 0 : wr[x - pitch];
+        short c = x - bpp < 0 || y - 1 < 0 ? 0 : wr[x - pitch - bpp];
+
+        short p = a + b - c;
+        short pa = p > a ? p - a : a - p;
+        short pb = p > b ? p - b : b - p;
+        short pc = p > c ? p - c : c - p;
+
+        uint8_t paeth = (uint8_t)((pa <= pb && pa <= pc) ? a : (pb <= pc) ? b : c);
+
+        wr[x] = rd[x] + paeth;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    default:  //Invalid
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    rd += pitch;
+    wr += pitch;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+unsigned png::read(const uint8_t *data, unsigned length) {
+  unsigned result = 0;
+  while(length--) result = (result << 8) | (*data++);
+  return result;
+}
+
+unsigned png::decode(const uint8_t *&data) {
+  unsigned p, r, g, b, a;
+
+  switch(info.colorType) {
+  case 0:  //L
+    r = g = b = scale(readbits(data));
+    a = 0xff;
+    break;
+  case 2:  //R,G,B
+    r = scale(readbits(data));
+    g = scale(readbits(data));
+    b = scale(readbits(data));
+    a = 0xff;
+    break;
+  case 3:  //P
+    p = readbits(data);
+    r = info.palette[p][0];
+    g = info.palette[p][1];
+    b = info.palette[p][2];
+    a = 0xff;
+    break;
+  case 4:  //L,A
+    r = g = b = scale(readbits(data));
+    a = scale(readbits(data));
+    break;
+  case 6:  //R,G,B,A
+    r = scale(readbits(data));
+    g = scale(readbits(data));
+    b = scale(readbits(data));
+    a = scale(readbits(data));
+    break;
+  }
+
+  return (a << 24) | (r << 16) | (g << 8) | (b << 0);
+}
+
+unsigned png::readbits(const uint8_t *&data) {
+  unsigned result = 0;
+  switch(info.bitDepth) {
+  case 1:
+    result = (*data >> bitpos) & 1;
+    bitpos++;
+    if(bitpos == 8) { data++; bitpos = 0; }
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    result = (*data >> bitpos) & 3;
+    bitpos += 2;
+    if(bitpos == 8) { data++; bitpos = 0; }
+    break;
+  case 4:
+    result = (*data >> bitpos) & 15;
+    bitpos += 4;
+    if(bitpos == 8) { data++; bitpos = 0; }
+    break;
+  case 8:
+    result = *data++;
+    break;
+  case 16:
+    result = (data[0] << 8) | (data[1] << 0);
+    data += 2;
+    break;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+unsigned png::scale(unsigned n) {
+  switch(info.bitDepth) {
+  case  1: return n ? 0xff : 0x00;
+  case  2: return n * 0x55;
+  case  4: return n * 0x11;
+  case  8: return n;
+  case 16: return n >> 8;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void png::transform() {
+  if(data) delete[] data;
+  data = new uint32_t[info.width * info.height];
+
+  bitpos = 0;
+  const uint8_t *rd = rawData;
+  for(unsigned y = 0; y < info.height; y++) {
+    uint32_t *wr = data + y * info.width;
+    for(unsigned x = 0; x < info.width; x++) {
+      wr[x] = decode(rd);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void png::alphaTransform(uint32_t rgb) {
+  transform();
+
+  uint8_t ir = rgb >> 16;
+  uint8_t ig = rgb >>  8;
+  uint8_t ib = rgb >>  0;
+
+  uint32_t *p = data;
+  for(unsigned y = 0; y < info.height; y++) {
+    for(unsigned x = 0; x < info.width; x++) {
+      uint32_t pixel = *p;
+      uint8_t a = pixel >> 24;
+      uint8_t r = pixel >> 16;
+      uint8_t g = pixel >>  8;
+      uint8_t b = pixel >>  0;
+
+      r = (r * a) + (ir * (255 - a)) >> 8;
+      g = (g * a) + (ig * (255 - a)) >> 8;
+      b = (b * a) + (ib * (255 - a)) >> 8;
+
+      *p++ = (255 << 24) | (r << 16) | (g << 8) | (b << 0);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+png::png() : data(nullptr), rawData(nullptr) {
+}
+
+png::~png() {
+  if(data) delete[] data;
+  if(rawData) delete[] rawData;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/priorityqueue.hpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace nall {
   //priority queue implementation using binary min-heap array;
   //does not require normalize() function.
   //O(1)     find   (tick)
-  //O(log n) insert (enqueue)
+  //O(log n) append (enqueue)
   //O(log n) remove (dequeue)
   template<typename type_t> class priority_queue {
   public:

bsnes/nall/property.hpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 //  readwrite<int> y;
 //};
 
-//return types are const T& (byref) instead fo T (byval) to avoid major speed
+//return types are const T& (byref) instead of T (byval) to avoid major speed
 //penalties for objects with expensive copy constructors
 
 //operator-> provides access to underlying object type:

bsnes/nall/random.hpp

@@ -8,12 +8,20 @@ namespace nall {
     return n = (n >> 1) ^ (((n & 1) - 1) & 0xedb88320);
   }
 
-  struct random_cyclic {
-    unsigned seed;
-    inline unsigned operator()() {
-      return seed = (seed >> 1) ^ (((seed & 1) - 1) & 0xedb88320);
+  struct random_lfsr {
+    inline void seed(unsigned seed__) {
+      seed_ = seed__;
     }
-    random_cyclic() : seed(0) {}
+
+    inline unsigned operator()() {
+      return seed_ = (seed_ >> 1) ^ (((seed_ & 1) - 1) & 0xedb88320);
+    }
+
+    random_lfsr() : seed_(0) {
+    }
+
+  private:
+    unsigned seed_;
   };
 }
 

bsnes/nall/reference_array.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #ifndef NALL_REFERENCE_ARRAY_HPP
 #define NALL_REFERENCE_ARRAY_HPP
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <nall/bit.hpp>
-#include <nall/concept.hpp>
 
 namespace nall {
   template<typename T> struct reference_array {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace nall {
 
     void reset() {
       if(pool) free(pool);
-      pool = 0;
+      pool = nullptr;
       poolsize = 0;
       buffersize = 0;
     }
@@ -36,13 +36,29 @@ namespace nall {
       buffersize = newsize;
     }
 
-    void append(const T data) {
+    bool append(const T data) {
+      for(unsigned index = 0; index < buffersize; index++) {
+        if(pool[index] == &data) return false;
+      }
+
       unsigned index = buffersize++;
       if(index >= poolsize) resize(index + 1);
       pool[index] = &data;
+      return true;
     }
 
-    template<typename... Args> reference_array(Args&... args) : pool(0), poolsize(0), buffersize(0) {
+    bool remove(const T data) {
+      for(unsigned index = 0; index < buffersize; index++) {
+        if(pool[index] == &data) {
+          for(unsigned i = index; i < buffersize - 1; i++) pool[i] = pool[i + 1];
+          resize(buffersize - 1);
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    template<typename... Args> reference_array(Args&... args) : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), buffersize(0) {
       construct(args...);
     }
 
@@ -64,7 +80,7 @@ namespace nall {
       pool = source.pool;
       poolsize = source.poolsize;
       buffersize = source.buffersize;
-      source.pool = 0;
+      source.pool = nullptr;
       source.reset();
       return *this;
     }
@@ -79,6 +95,22 @@ namespace nall {
       return *pool[index];
     }
 
+    //iteration
+    struct iterator {
+      bool operator!=(const iterator &source) const { return index != source.index; }
+      T& operator*() { return array.operator[](index); }
+      iterator& operator++() { index++; return *this; }
+      iterator(const reference_array &array, unsigned index) : array(array), index(index) {}
+    private:
+      const reference_array &array;
+      unsigned index;
+    };
+
+    iterator begin() { return iterator(*this, 0); }
+    iterator end() { return iterator(*this, buffersize); }
+    const iterator begin() const { return iterator(*this, 0); }
+    const iterator end() const { return iterator(*this, buffersize); }
+
   private:
     void construct() {
     }
@@ -96,8 +128,6 @@ namespace nall {
       construct(args...);
     }
   };
-
-  template<typename T> struct has_size<reference_array<T>> { enum { value = true }; };
 }
 
 #endif

bsnes/nall/resource.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#ifndef NALL_RESOURCE_HPP
+#define NALL_RESOURCE_HPP
+
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/zip.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct resource {
+  //create resource with "zip -9 resource.zip resource"
+  static bool encode(const char *outputFilename, const char *inputFilename) {
+    file fp;
+    if(fp.open(inputFilename, file::mode::read) == false) return false;
+    unsigned size = fp.size();
+    uint8_t *data = new uint8_t[size];
+    fp.read(data, size);
+    fp.close();
+
+    fp.open(outputFilename, file::mode::write);
+    fp.print("static const uint8_t data[", size, "] = {\n");
+    uint8_t *p = data;
+    while(size) {
+      fp.print("  ");
+      for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32 && size; n++, size--) {
+        fp.print((unsigned)*p++, ",");
+      }
+      fp.print("\n");
+    }
+    fp.print("};\n");
+    fp.close();
+
+    delete[] data;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t *data;
+  unsigned size;
+
+  //extract first file from ZIP archive
+  bool decode(const uint8_t *cdata, unsigned csize) {
+    if(data) delete[] data;
+
+    zip archive;
+    if(archive.open(cdata, csize) == false) return false;
+    if(archive.file.size() == 0) return false;
+    bool result = archive.extract(archive.file[0], data, size);
+    archive.close();
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  resource() : data(0), size(0) {
+  }
+
+  ~resource() {
+    if(data) delete[] data;
+  }
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/sha256.hpp

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 //author: vladitx
 
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+
 namespace nall {
   #define PTR(t, a) ((t*)(a))
 
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ namespace nall {
     uint64_t len;
   };
 
-  void sha256_init(sha256_ctx *p) {
+  inline void sha256_init(sha256_ctx *p) {
     memset(p, 0, sizeof(sha256_ctx));
     memcpy(p->h, T_H, sizeof(T_H));
   }
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ namespace nall {
     p->inlen = 0;
   }
 
-  void sha256_chunk(sha256_ctx *p, const uint8_t *s, unsigned len) {
+  inline void sha256_chunk(sha256_ctx *p, const uint8_t *s, unsigned len) {
     unsigned l;
     p->len += len;
 
@@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ namespace nall {
     }
   }
 
-  void sha256_final(sha256_ctx *p) {
+  inline void sha256_final(sha256_ctx *p) {
     uint64_t len;
     p->in[p->inlen++] = 0x80;
 
@@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ namespace nall {
     sha256_block(p);
   }
 
-  void sha256_hash(sha256_ctx *p, uint8_t *s) {
+  inline void sha256_hash(sha256_ctx *p, uint8_t *s) {
     uint32_t *t = (uint32_t*)s;
     for(unsigned i = 0; i < 8; i++) ST32BE(t++, p->h[i]);
   }

bsnes/nall/snes/cartridge.hpp

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 
 namespace nall {
 
-class SNESCartridge {
+class SnesCartridge {
 public:
-  string xmlMemoryMap;
-  inline SNESCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  string markup;
+  inline SnesCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
 
 //private:
   inline void read_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
@@ -105,432 +105,346 @@ public:
   bool has_st018;
 };
 
-SNESCartridge::SNESCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+#define T "\t"
+
+SnesCartridge::SnesCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   read_header(data, size);
 
-  string xml = "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>\n";
+  string xml;
+  markup = "";
 
   if(type == TypeBsx) {
-    xml << "<cartridge/>";
-    xmlMemoryMap = xml.transform("'", "\"");
+    markup.append("cartridge");
     return;
   }
 
   if(type == TypeSufamiTurbo) {
-    xml << "<cartridge/>";
-    xmlMemoryMap = xml.transform("'", "\"");
+    markup.append("cartridge");
     return;
   }
 
   if(type == TypeGameBoy) {
-    xml << "<cartridge rtc='" << gameboy_has_rtc(data, size) << "'>\n";
+    markup.append("cartridge rtc=", gameboy_has_rtc(data, size), "\n");
     if(gameboy_ram_size(data, size) > 0) {
-      xml << "  <ram size='" << hex(gameboy_ram_size(data, size)) << "'/>\n";
+      markup.append(T "ram size=0x", hex(gameboy_ram_size(data, size)), "\n");
     }
-    xml << "</cartridge>\n";
-    xmlMemoryMap = xml.transform("'", "\"");
     return;
   }
 
-  xml << "<cartridge";
-  if(region == NTSC) {
-    xml << " region='NTSC'";
-  } else {
-    xml << " region='PAL'";
-  }
-  xml << ">\n";
+  markup.append("cartridge region=", region == NTSC ? "NTSC\n" : "PAL\n");
 
   if(type == TypeSuperGameBoy1Bios) {
-    xml << "  <rom>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='00-7f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='80-ff:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </rom>\n";
-    xml << "  <icd2 revision='1'>\n";
-    xml << "    <map address='00-3f:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map address='80-bf:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </icd2>\n";
+    markup.append(T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=00-7f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=80-ff:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T "icd2 revision=1\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map address=00-3f:6000-7fff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map address=80-bf:6000-7fff\n");
   } else if(type == TypeSuperGameBoy2Bios) {
-    xml << "  <rom>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='00-7f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='80-ff:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </rom>\n";
-    xml << "  <icd2 revision='2'>\n";
-    xml << "    <map address='00-3f:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map address='80-bf:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </icd2>\n";
+    markup.append(T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=00-7f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=80-ff:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T "icd2 revision=1\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map address=00-3f:6000-7fff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map address=80-bf:6000-7fff\n");
+  } else if(has_cx4) {
+    markup.append(T "hitachidsp model=HG51B169 frequency=20000000 firmware=cx4.bin sha256=ae8d4d1961b93421ff00b3caa1d0f0ce7783e749772a3369c36b3dbf0d37ef18\n");
+    markup.append(T T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=00-7f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=80-ff:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "mmio\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=00-3f:6000-7fff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=80-bf:6000-7fff\n");
   } else if(has_spc7110) {
-    xml << "  <rom>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='shadow' address='00-0f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='shadow' address='80-bf:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='c0-cf:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </rom>\n";
+    markup.append(T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=shadow address=00-0f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=shadow address=80-bf:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=c0-cf:0000-ffff\n");
 
-    xml << "  <spc7110>\n";
-    xml << "    <mcu>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='d0-ff:0000-ffff' offset='100000' size='" << hex(size - 0x100000) << "'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </mcu>\n";
-    xml << "    <ram size='" << hex(ram_size) << "'>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='00:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='30:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </ram>\n";
-    xml << "    <mmio>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='00-3f:4800-483f'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='80-bf:4800-483f'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </mmio>\n";
+    markup.append(T "spc7110\n");
+    markup.append(T T "mcu\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=d0-ff:0000-ffff offset=0x100000 size=0x", hex(size - 0x100000), "\n");
+    markup.append(T T "ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=00:6000-7fff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=30:6000-7fff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "mmio\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=00-3f:4800-483f\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=80-bf:4800-483f\n");
     if(has_spc7110rtc) {
-      xml << "    <rtc>\n";
-      xml << "      <map address='00-3f:4840-4842'/>\n";
-      xml << "      <map address='80-bf:4840-4842'/>\n";
-      xml << "    </rtc>\n";
+      markup.append(T T "rtc\n");
+      markup.append(T T T "map address=00-3f:4840-4842\n");
+      markup.append(T T T "map address=80-bf:4840-4842\n");
     }
-    xml << "    <dcu>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='50:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </dcu>\n";
-    xml << "  </spc7110>\n";
+    markup.append(T T "dcu\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=50:0000-ffff\n");
   } else if(mapper == LoROM) {
-    xml << "  <rom>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='00-7f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='80-ff:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </rom>\n";
+    markup.append(T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=00-7f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=80-ff:8000-ffff\n");
 
     if(ram_size > 0) {
-      xml << "  <ram size='" << hex(ram_size) << "'>\n";
-      xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='20-3f:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-      xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='a0-bf:6000-7fff'/>\n";
+      markup.append(T "ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n");
+      markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=20-3f:6000-7fff\n");
+      markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=a0-bf:6000-7fff\n");
       if((rom_size > 0x200000) || (ram_size > 32 * 1024)) {
-        xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='70-7f:0000-7fff'/>\n";
-        xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='f0-ff:0000-7fff'/>\n";
+        markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=70-7f:0000-7fff\n");
+        markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=f0-ff:0000-7fff\n");
       } else {
-        xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='70-7f:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-        xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='f0-ff:0000-ffff'/>\n";
+        markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=70-7f:0000-ffff\n");
+        markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=f0-ff:0000-ffff\n");
       }
-      xml << "  </ram>\n";
     }
   } else if(mapper == HiROM) {
-    xml << "  <rom>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='shadow' address='00-3f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='40-7f:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='shadow' address='80-bf:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='c0-ff:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </rom>\n";
+    markup.append(T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=shadow address=00-3f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=40-7f:0000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=shadow address=80-bf:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=c0-ff:0000-ffff\n");
 
     if(ram_size > 0) {
-      xml << "  <ram size='" << hex(ram_size) << "'>\n";
-      xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='20-3f:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-      xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='a0-bf:6000-7fff'/>\n";
+      markup.append(T "ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n");
+      markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=20-3f:6000-7fff\n");
+      markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=a0-bf:6000-7fff\n");
       if((rom_size > 0x200000) || (ram_size > 32 * 1024)) {
-        xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='70-7f:0000-7fff'/>\n";
+        markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=70-7f:0000-7fff\n");
       } else {
-        xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='70-7f:0000-ffff'/>\n";
+        markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=70-7f:0000-ffff\n");
       }
-      xml << "  </ram>\n";
     }
   } else if(mapper == ExLoROM) {
-    xml << "  <rom>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='00-3f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='40-7f:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='80-bf:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </rom>\n";
+    markup.append(T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=00-3f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=40-7f:0000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=80-bf:8000-ffff\n");
 
     if(ram_size > 0) {
-      xml << "  <ram size='" << hex(ram_size) << "'>\n";
-      xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='20-3f:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-      xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='a0-bf:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-      xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='70-7f:0000-7fff'/>\n";
-      xml << "  </ram>\n";
+      markup.append(T "ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n");
+      markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=20-3f:6000-7fff\n");
+      markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=a0-bf:6000-7fff\n");
+      markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=70-7f:0000-7fff\n");
     }
   } else if(mapper == ExHiROM) {
-    xml << "  <rom>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='shadow' address='00-3f:8000-ffff' offset='400000'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='40-7f:0000-ffff' offset='400000'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='shadow' address='80-bf:8000-ffff' offset='000000'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='c0-ff:0000-ffff' offset='000000'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </rom>\n";
+    markup.append(T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=shadow address=00-3f:8000-ffff offset=0x400000\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=40-7f:0000-ffff offset=0x400000\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=shadow address=80-bf:8000-ffff offset=0x000000\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=c0-ff:0000-ffff offset=0x000000\n");
 
     if(ram_size > 0) {
-      xml << "  <ram size='" << hex(ram_size) << "'>\n";
-      xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='20-3f:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-      xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='a0-bf:6000-7fff'/>\n";
+      markup.append(T "ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n");
+      markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=20-3f:6000-7fff\n");
+      markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=a0-bf:6000-7fff\n");
       if((rom_size > 0x200000) || (ram_size > 32 * 1024)) {
-        xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='70-7f:0000-7fff'/>\n";
+        markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=70-7f:0000-7fff\n");
       } else {
-        xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='70-7f:0000-ffff'/>\n";
+        markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=70-7f:0000-ffff\n");
       }
-      xml << "  </ram>\n";
     }
   } else if(mapper == SuperFXROM) {
-    xml << "  <superfx revision='2'>\n";
-    xml << "    <rom>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='00-3f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='40-5f:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='80-bf:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='c0-df:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </rom>\n";
-    xml << "    <ram size='" << hex(ram_size) << "'>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='00-3f:6000-7fff' size='2000'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='60-7f:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='80-bf:6000-7fff' size='2000'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='e0-ff:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </ram>\n";
-    xml << "    <mmio>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='00-3f:3000-32ff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='80-bf:3000-32ff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </mmio>\n";
-    xml << "  </superfx>\n";
+    markup.append(T "superfx revision=2\n");
+    markup.append(T T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=00-3f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=40-5f:0000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=80-bf:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=c0-df:0000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=00-3f:6000-7fff size=0x2000\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=60-7f:0000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=80-bf:6000-7fff size=0x2000\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=e0-ff:0000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "mmio\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=00-3f:3000-32ff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=80-bf:3000-32ff\n");
   } else if(mapper == SA1ROM) {
-    xml << "  <sa1>\n";
-    xml << "    <mcu>\n";
-    xml << "      <rom>\n";
-    xml << "        <map mode='direct' address='00-3f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "        <map mode='direct' address='80-bf:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "        <map mode='direct' address='c0-ff:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      </rom>\n";
-    xml << "      <ram>\n";
-    xml << "        <map mode='direct' address='00-3f:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "        <map mode='direct' address='80-bf:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      </ram>\n";
-    xml << "    </mcu>\n";
-    xml << "    <iram size='800'>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='00-3f:3000-37ff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='80-bf:3000-37ff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </iram>\n";
-    xml << "    <bwram size='" << hex(ram_size) << "'>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='40-4f:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </bwram>\n";
-    xml << "    <mmio>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='00-3f:2200-23ff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='80-bf:2200-23ff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </mmio>\n";
-    xml << "  </sa1>\n";
+    markup.append(T "sa1\n");
+    markup.append(T T "mcu\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T T T "map mode=direct address=00-3f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T T "map mode=direct address=80-bf:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T T "map mode=direct address=c0-ff:0000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "ram\n");
+    markup.append(T T T T "map mode=direct address=00-3f:6000-7fff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T T "map mode=direct address=80-bf:6000-7fff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "iram size=0x800\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=00-3f:3000-37ff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=80-bf:3000-37ff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "bwram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=40-4f:0000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "mmio\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=00-3f:2200-23ff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=80-bf:2200-23ff\n");
   } else if(mapper == BSCLoROM) {
-    xml << "  <rom>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='00-1f:8000-ffff' offset='000000'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='20-3f:8000-ffff' offset='100000'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='80-9f:8000-ffff' offset='200000'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='a0-bf:8000-ffff' offset='100000'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </rom>\n";
-    xml << "  <ram size='" << hex(ram_size) << "'>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='70-7f:0000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='f0-ff:0000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </ram>\n";
-    xml << "  <bsx>\n";
-    xml << "    <slot>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='c0-ef:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </slot>\n";
-    xml << "  </bsx>\n";
+    markup.append(T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=00-1f:8000-ffff offset=0x000000\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=20-3f:8000-ffff offset=0x100000\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=80-9f:8000-ffff offset=0x200000\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=a0-bf:8000-ffff offset=0x100000\n");
+    markup.append(T "ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=70-7f:0000-7fff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=f0-ff:0000-7fff\n");
+    markup.append(T "bsx\n");
+    markup.append(T T "slot\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=c0-ef:0000-ffff\n");
   } else if(mapper == BSCHiROM) {
-    xml << "  <rom>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='shadow' address='00-1f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='40-5f:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='shadow' address='80-9f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='c0-df:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </rom>\n";
-    xml << "  <ram size='" << hex(ram_size) << "'>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='20-3f:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='a0-bf:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </ram>\n";
-    xml << "  <bsx>\n";
-    xml << "    <slot>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='shadow' address='20-3f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='60-7f:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='shadow' address='a0-bf:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map mode='linear' address='e0-ff:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </slot>\n";
-    xml << "  </bsx>\n";
+    markup.append(T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=shadow address=00-1f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=40-5f:0000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=shadow address=80-9f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=c0-df:0000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T "ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=20-3f:6000-7fff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=a0-bf:6000-7fff\n");
+    markup.append(T "bsx\n");
+    markup.append(T T "slot\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=shadow address=20-3f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=60-7f:0000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=shadow address=a0-bf:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map mode=linear address=e0-ff:0000-ffff\n");
   } else if(mapper == BSXROM) {
-    xml << "  <bsx>\n";
-    xml << "    <mcu>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='00-3f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='80-bf:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='40-7f:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='c0-ff:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='20-3f:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </mcu>\n";
-    xml << "    <mmio>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='00-3f:5000-5fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='80-bf:5000-5fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </mmio>\n";
-    xml << "  </bsx>\n";
+    markup.append(T "bsx\n");
+    markup.append(T T "mcu\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=00-3f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=80-bf:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=40-7f:0000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=c0-ff:0000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=20-3f:6000-7fff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "mmio\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=00-3f:5000-5fff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=80-bf:5000-5fff\n");
   } else if(mapper == STROM) {
-    xml << "  <rom>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='00-1f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map mode='linear' address='80-9f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </rom>\n";
-    xml << "  <sufamiturbo>\n";
-    xml << "    <slot id='A'>\n";
-    xml << "      <rom>\n";
-    xml << "        <map mode='linear' address='20-3f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "        <map mode='linear' address='a0-bf:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      </rom>\n";
-    xml << "      <ram size='20000'>\n";
-    xml << "        <map mode='linear' address='60-63:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "        <map mode='linear' address='e0-e3:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      </ram>\n";
-    xml << "    </slot>\n";
-    xml << "    <slot id='B'>\n";
-    xml << "      <rom>\n";
-    xml << "        <map mode='linear' address='40-5f:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "        <map mode='linear' address='c0-df:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      </rom>\n";
-    xml << "      <ram size='20000'>\n";
-    xml << "        <map mode='linear' address='70-73:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "        <map mode='linear' address='f0-f3:8000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      </ram>\n";
-    xml << "    </slot>\n";
-    xml << "  </sufamiturbo>\n";
+    markup.append(T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=00-1f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map mode=linear address=80-9f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T "sufamiturbo\n");
+    markup.append(T T "slot id=A\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T T T "map mode=linear address=20-3f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T T "map mode=linear address=a0-bf:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "ram size=0x20000\n");
+    markup.append(T T T T "map mode=linear address=60-63:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T T "map mode=linear address=e0-e3:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "slot id=B\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "rom\n");
+    markup.append(T T T T "map mode=linear address=40-5f:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T T "map mode=linear address=c0-df:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "ram size=0x20000\n");
+    markup.append(T T T T "map mode=linear address=70-73:8000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T T "map mode=linear address=f0-f3:8000-ffff\n");
   }
 
   if(has_srtc) {
-    xml << "  <srtc>\n";
-    xml << "    <map address='00-3f:2800-2801'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map address='80-bf:2800-2801'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </srtc>\n";
+    markup.append(T "srtc\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map address=00-3f:2800-2801\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map address=80-bf:2800-2801\n");
   }
 
   if(has_sdd1) {
-    xml << "  <sdd1>\n";
-    xml << "    <mcu>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='c0-ff:0000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </mcu>\n";
-    xml << "    <mmio>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='00-3f:4800-4807'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='80-bf:4800-4807'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </mmio>\n";
-    xml << "  </sdd1>\n";
-  }
-
-  if(has_cx4) {
-    xml << "  <cx4>\n";
-    xml << "    <map address='00-3f:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map address='80-bf:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </cx4>\n";
+    markup.append(T "sdd1\n");
+    markup.append(T T "mcu\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=c0-ff:0000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "mmio\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=00-3f:4800-4807\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=80-bf:4800-4807\n");
   }
 
   if(has_dsp1) {
-    xml << "  <necdsp revision='upd7725' frequency='8000000' program='dsp1b.bin' sha256='4d42db0f36faef263d6b93f508e8c1c4ae8fc2605fd35e3390ecc02905cd420c'>\n";
+    markup.append(T "necdsp model=uPD7725 frequency=8000000 firmware=dsp1b.bin sha256=4d42db0f36faef263d6b93f508e8c1c4ae8fc2605fd35e3390ecc02905cd420c\n");
     if(dsp1_mapper == DSP1LoROM1MB) {
-      xml << "    <dr>\n";
-      xml << "      <map address='20-3f:8000-bfff'/>\n";
-      xml << "      <map address='a0-bf:8000-bfff'/>\n";
-      xml << "    </dr>\n";
-      xml << "    <sr>\n";
-      xml << "      <map address='20-3f:c000-ffff'/>\n";
-      xml << "      <map address='a0-bf:c000-ffff'/>\n";
-      xml << "    </sr>\n";
+      markup.append(T T "dr\n");
+      markup.append(T T T "map address=20-3f:8000-bfff\n");
+      markup.append(T T T "map address=a0-bf:8000-bfff\n");
+      markup.append(T T "sr\n");
+      markup.append(T T T "map address=20-3f:c000-ffff\n");
+      markup.append(T T T "map address=a0-bf:c000-ffff\n");
     } else if(dsp1_mapper == DSP1LoROM2MB) {
-      xml << "    <dr>\n";
-      xml << "      <map address='60-6f:0000-3fff'/>\n";
-      xml << "      <map address='e0-ef:0000-3fff'/>\n";
-      xml << "    </dr>\n";
-      xml << "    <sr>\n";
-      xml << "      <map address='60-6f:4000-7fff'/>\n";
-      xml << "      <map address='e0-ef:4000-7fff'/>\n";
-      xml << "    </sr>\n";
+      markup.append(T T "dr\n");
+      markup.append(T T T "map address=60-6f:0000-3fff\n");
+      markup.append(T T T "map address=e0-ef:0000-3fff\n");
+      markup.append(T T "sr\n");
+      markup.append(T T T "map address=60-6f:4000-7fff\n");
+      markup.append(T T T "map address=e0-ef:4000-7fff\n");
     } else if(dsp1_mapper == DSP1HiROM) {
-      xml << "    <dr>\n";
-      xml << "      <map address='00-1f:6000-6fff'/>\n";
-      xml << "      <map address='80-9f:6000-6fff'/>\n";
-      xml << "    </dr>\n";
-      xml << "    <sr>\n";
-      xml << "      <map address='00-1f:7000-7fff'/>\n";
-      xml << "      <map address='80-9f:7000-7fff'/>\n";
-      xml << "    </sr>\n";
+      markup.append(T T "dr\n");
+      markup.append(T T T "map address=00-1f:6000-6fff\n");
+      markup.append(T T T "map address=80-9f:6000-6fff\n");
+      markup.append(T T "sr\n");
+      markup.append(T T T "map address=00-1f:7000-7fff\n");
+      markup.append(T T T "map address=80-9f:7000-7fff\n");
     }
-    xml << "  </necdsp>\n";
   }
 
   if(has_dsp2) {
-    xml << "  <necdsp revision='upd7725' frequency='8000000' program='dsp2.bin' sha256='5efbdf96ed0652790855225964f3e90e6a4d466cfa64df25b110933c6cf94ea1'>\n";
-    xml << "    <dr>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='20-3f:8000-bfff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='a0-bf:8000-bfff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </dr>\n";
-    xml << "    <sr>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='20-3f:c000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='a0-bf:c000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </sr>\n";
-    xml << "  </necdsp>\n";
+    markup.append(T "necdsp model=uPD7725 frequency=8000000 firmware=dsp2.bin sha256=5efbdf96ed0652790855225964f3e90e6a4d466cfa64df25b110933c6cf94ea1\n");
+    markup.append(T T "dr\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=20-3f:8000-bfff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=a0-bf:8000-bfff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "sr\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=20-3f:c000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=a0-bf:c000-ffff\n");
   }
 
   if(has_dsp3) {
-    xml << "  <necdsp revision='upd7725' frequency='8000000' program='dsp3.bin' sha256='2e635f72e4d4681148bc35429421c9b946e4f407590e74e31b93b8987b63ba90'>\n";
-    xml << "    <dr>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='20-3f:8000-bfff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='a0-bf:8000-bfff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </dr>\n";
-    xml << "    <sr>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='20-3f:c000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='a0-bf:c000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </sr>\n";
-    xml << "  </necdsp>\n";
+    markup.append(T "necdsp model=uPD7725 frequency=8000000 firmware=dsp3.bin sha256=2e635f72e4d4681148bc35429421c9b946e4f407590e74e31b93b8987b63ba90\n");
+    markup.append(T T "dr\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=20-3f:8000-bfff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=a0-bf:8000-bfff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "sr\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=20-3f:c000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=a0-bf:c000-ffff\n");
   }
 
   if(has_dsp4) {
-    xml << "  <necdsp revision='upd7725' frequency='8000000' program='dsp4.bin' sha256='63ede17322541c191ed1fdf683872554a0a57306496afc43c59de7c01a6e764a'>\n";
-    xml << "    <dr>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='30-3f:8000-bfff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='b0-bf:8000-bfff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </dr>\n";
-    xml << "    <sr>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='30-3f:c000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='b0-bf:c000-ffff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </sr>\n";
-    xml << "  </necdsp>\n";
+    markup.append(T "necdsp model=uPD7725 frequency=8000000 firmware=dsp4.bin sha256=63ede17322541c191ed1fdf683872554a0a57306496afc43c59de7c01a6e764a\n");
+    markup.append(T T "dr\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=30-3f:8000-bfff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=b0-bf:8000-bfff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "sr\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=30-3f:c000-ffff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=b0-bf:c000-ffff\n");
   }
 
   if(has_obc1) {
-    xml << "  <obc1>\n";
-    xml << "    <map address='00-3f:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map address='80-bf:6000-7fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </obc1>\n";
+    markup.append(T "obc1\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map address=00-3f:6000-7fff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map address=80-bf:6000-7fff\n");
   }
 
   if(has_st010) {
-    xml << "  <necdsp revision='upd96050' frequency='10000000' program='st0010.bin' sha256='55c697e864562445621cdf8a7bf6e84ae91361e393d382a3704e9aa55559041e'>\n";
-    xml << "    <dr>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='60:0000'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='e0:0000'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </dr>\n";
-    xml << "    <sr>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='60:0001'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='e0:0001'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </sr>\n";
-    xml << "    <dp>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='68-6f:0000-0fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='e8-ef:0000-0fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </dp>\n";
-    xml << "  </necdsp>\n";
+    markup.append(T "necdsp model=uPD96050 frequency=10000000 firmware=st0010.bin sha256=55c697e864562445621cdf8a7bf6e84ae91361e393d382a3704e9aa55559041e\n");
+    markup.append(T T "dr\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=60:0000\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=e0:0000\n");
+    markup.append(T T "sr\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=60:0001\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=e0:0001\n");
+    markup.append(T T "dp\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=68-6f:0000-0fff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=e8-ef:0000-0fff\n");
   }
 
   if(has_st011) {
-    xml << "  <necdsp revision='upd96050' frequency='15000000' program='st0011.bin' sha256='651b82a1e26c4fa8dd549e91e7f923012ed2ca54c1d9fd858655ab30679c2f0e'>\n";
-    xml << "    <dr>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='60:0000'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='e0:0000'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </dr>\n";
-    xml << "    <sr>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='60:0001'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='e0:0001'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </sr>\n";
-    xml << "    <dp>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='68-6f:0000-0fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "      <map address='e8-ef:0000-0fff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    </dp>\n";
-    xml << "  </necdsp>\n";
+    markup.append(T "necdsp model=uPD96050 frequency=15000000 firmware=st0011.bin sha256=651b82a1e26c4fa8dd549e91e7f923012ed2ca54c1d9fd858655ab30679c2f0e\n");
+    markup.append(T T "dr\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=60:0000\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=e0:0000\n");
+    markup.append(T T "sr\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=60:0001\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=e0:0001\n");
+    markup.append(T T "dp\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=68-6f:0000-0fff\n");
+    markup.append(T T T "map address=e8-ef:0000-0fff\n");
   }
 
   if(has_st018) {
-    xml << "  <setarisc program='ST-0018'>\n";
-    xml << "    <map address='00-3f:3800-38ff'/>\n";
-    xml << "    <map address='80-bf:3800-38ff'/>\n";
-    xml << "  </setarisc>\n";
+    markup.append(T "setarisc firmware=ST-0018\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map address=00-3f:3800-38ff\n");
+    markup.append(T T "map address=80-bf:3800-38ff\n");
   }
-
-  xml << "</cartridge>\n";
-  xmlMemoryMap = xml.transform("'", "\"");
 }
 
-void SNESCartridge::read_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+#undef T
+
+void SnesCartridge::read_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   type        = TypeUnknown;
   mapper      = LoROM;
   dsp1_mapper = DSP1Unmapped;
@@ -758,7 +672,7 @@ void SNESCartridge::read_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   }
 }
 
-unsigned SNESCartridge::find_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+unsigned SnesCartridge::find_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   unsigned score_lo = score_header(data, size, 0x007fc0);
   unsigned score_hi = score_header(data, size, 0x00ffc0);
   unsigned score_ex = score_header(data, size, 0x40ffc0);
@@ -773,7 +687,7 @@ unsigned SNESCartridge::find_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   }
 }
 
-unsigned SNESCartridge::score_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size, unsigned addr) {
+unsigned SnesCartridge::score_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size, unsigned addr) {
   if(size < addr + 64) return 0;  //image too small to contain header at this location?
   int score = 0;
 
@@ -854,7 +768,7 @@ unsigned SNESCartridge::score_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size, unsigne
   return score;
 }
 
-unsigned SNESCartridge::gameboy_ram_size(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+unsigned SnesCartridge::gameboy_ram_size(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   if(size < 512) return 0;
   switch(data[0x0149]) {
     case 0x00: return   0 * 1024;
@@ -867,7 +781,7 @@ unsigned SNESCartridge::gameboy_ram_size(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   }
 }
 
-bool SNESCartridge::gameboy_has_rtc(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+bool SnesCartridge::gameboy_has_rtc(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
   if(size < 512) return false;
   if(data[0x0147] == 0x0f ||data[0x0147] == 0x10) return true;
   return false;

bsnes/nall/stack.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#ifndef NALL_STACK_HPP
+#define NALL_STACK_HPP
+
+#include <nall/vector.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+  template<typename T> struct stack : public linear_vector<T> {
+    void push(const T &value) {
+      linear_vector<T>::append(value);
+    }
+
+    T pull() {
+      if(linear_vector<T>::size() == 0) throw;
+      T value = linear_vector<T>::operator[](linear_vector<T>::size() - 1);
+      linear_vector<T>::remove(linear_vector<T>::size() - 1);
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    T& operator()() {
+      if(linear_vector<T>::size() == 0) throw;
+      return linear_vector<T>::operator[](linear_vector<T>::size() - 1);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/string.hpp

@@ -1,16 +1,34 @@
 #ifndef NALL_STRING_HPP
 #define NALL_STRING_HPP
 
-#include <initializer_list>
-#include <nall/platform.hpp>
-#include <nall/utility.hpp>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <initializer_list>
+
+#include <nall/array.hpp>
+#include <nall/atoi.hpp>
+#include <nall/function.hpp>
+#include <nall/platform.hpp>
+#include <nall/sha256.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/utility.hpp>
+#include <nall/vector.hpp>
+
+#include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
+
+#define NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
 #include <nall/string/base.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/bml.hpp>
 #include <nall/string/bsv.hpp>
 #include <nall/string/core.hpp>
 #include <nall/string/cast.hpp>
 #include <nall/string/compare.hpp>
 #include <nall/string/convert.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/cstring.hpp>
 #include <nall/string/filename.hpp>
 #include <nall/string/math.hpp>
 #include <nall/string/platform.hpp>
@@ -23,10 +41,6 @@
 #include <nall/string/variadic.hpp>
 #include <nall/string/wrapper.hpp>
 #include <nall/string/xml.hpp>
-
-namespace nall {
-  template<> struct has_length<string> { enum { value = true }; };
-  template<> struct has_size<lstring> { enum { value = true }; };
-}
+#undef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
 
 #endif

bsnes/nall/string/base.hpp

@@ -1,32 +1,38 @@
-#ifndef NALL_STRING_BASE_HPP
-#define NALL_STRING_BASE_HPP
-
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <nall/concept.hpp>
-#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
-#include <nall/utf8.hpp>
-#include <nall/vector.hpp>
+#ifdef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
 
 namespace nall {
-  class string;
+  struct cstring;
+  struct string;
+  struct lstring;
   template<typename T> inline const char* to_string(T);
 
-  class string {
-  public:
+  struct cstring {
+    inline operator const char*() const;
+    inline unsigned length() const;
+    inline bool operator==(const char*) const;
+    inline bool operator!=(const char*) const;
+    inline optional<unsigned> position(const char *key) const;
+    inline optional<unsigned> iposition(const char *key) const;
+    inline cstring& operator=(const char *data);
+    inline cstring(const char *data);
+    inline cstring();
+
+  protected:
+    const char *data;
+  };
+
+  struct string {
     inline void reserve(unsigned);
 
     template<typename... Args> inline string& assign(Args&&... args);
     template<typename... Args> inline string& append(Args&&... args);
-    inline string& assign_(const char*);
-    inline string& append_(const char*);
 
     inline bool readfile(const string&);
 
-    inline string& replace (const char*, const char*);
-    inline string& qreplace(const char*, const char*);
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline string& replace(const char*, const char*);
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline string& ireplace(const char*, const char*);
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline string& qreplace(const char*, const char*);
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline string& iqreplace(const char*, const char*);
 
     inline unsigned length() const;
 
@@ -43,17 +49,18 @@ namespace nall {
 
     inline string& lower();
     inline string& upper();
+    inline string& qlower();
+    inline string& qupper();
     inline string& transform(const char *before, const char *after);
 
     template<unsigned limit = 0> inline string& ltrim(const char *key = " ");
     template<unsigned limit = 0> inline string& rtrim(const char *key = " ");
-    template<unsigned limit = 0> inline string& trim (const char *key = " ");
+    template<unsigned limit = 0> inline string& trim(const char *key = " ", const char *rkey = 0);
 
     inline optional<unsigned> position(const char *key) const;
+    inline optional<unsigned> iposition(const char *key) const;
     inline optional<unsigned> qposition(const char *key) const;
-
-    template<typename T> inline string& operator= (T value);
-    template<typename T> inline string& operator<<(T value);
+    inline optional<unsigned> iqposition(const char *key) const;
 
     inline operator const char*() const;
     inline char* operator()();
@@ -74,51 +81,66 @@ namespace nall {
     inline string(string&&);
     inline ~string();
 
+    inline char* begin() { return &data[0]; }
+    inline char* end() { return &data[length()]; }
+    inline const char* begin() const { return &data[0]; }
+    inline const char* end() const { return &data[length()]; }
+
+    //internal functions
+    inline string& assign_(const char*);
+    inline string& append_(const char*);
+
   protected:
     char *data;
     unsigned size;
 
+    template<unsigned Limit, bool Insensitive, bool Quoted> inline string& ureplace(const char*, const char*);
+
   #if defined(QSTRING_H)
   public:
     inline operator QString() const;
   #endif
   };
 
-  class lstring : public linear_vector<string> {
-  public:
+  struct lstring : public linear_vector<string> {
     template<typename T> inline lstring& operator<<(T value);
 
     inline optional<unsigned> find(const char*) const;
-    template<unsigned limit = 0> inline void split (const char*, const char*);
-    template<unsigned limit = 0> inline void qsplit(const char*, const char*);
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline lstring& split(const char*, const char*);
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline lstring& isplit(const char*, const char*);
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline lstring& qsplit(const char*, const char*);
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline lstring& iqsplit(const char*, const char*);
 
-    lstring();
-    lstring(std::initializer_list<string>);
+    inline bool operator==(const lstring&) const;
+    inline bool operator!=(const lstring&) const;
+
+    inline lstring();
+    inline lstring(std::initializer_list<string>);
+
+  protected:
+    template<unsigned Limit, bool Insensitive, bool Quoted> inline lstring& usplit(const char*, const char*);
   };
 
   //compare.hpp
   inline char chrlower(char c);
   inline char chrupper(char c);
-  inline int stricmp(const char *str1, const char *str2);
+  inline int istrcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2);
   inline bool wildcard(const char *str, const char *pattern);
   inline bool iwildcard(const char *str, const char *pattern);
-  inline bool strbegin (const char *str, const char *key);
-  inline bool stribegin(const char *str, const char *key);
-  inline bool strend (const char *str, const char *key);
-  inline bool striend(const char *str, const char *key);
+  inline bool strbegin(const char *str, const char *key);
+  inline bool istrbegin(const char *str, const char *key);
+  inline bool strend(const char *str, const char *key);
+  inline bool istrend(const char *str, const char *key);
 
   //convert.hpp
   inline char* strlower(char *str);
   inline char* strupper(char *str);
+  inline char* qstrlower(char *str);
+  inline char* qstrupper(char *str);
   inline char* strtr(char *dest, const char *before, const char *after);
-  inline uintmax_t hex    (const char *str);
-  inline intmax_t  integer(const char *str);
-  inline uintmax_t decimal(const char *str);
-  inline uintmax_t binary (const char *str);
-  inline double    fp     (const char *str);
 
   //math.hpp
-  inline bool strint (const char *str, int &result);
+  inline bool strint(const char *str, int &result);
   inline bool strmath(const char *str, int &result);
 
   //platform.hpp
@@ -132,26 +154,31 @@ namespace nall {
 
   //strpos.hpp
   inline optional<unsigned> strpos(const char *str, const char *key);
+  inline optional<unsigned> istrpos(const char *str, const char *key);
   inline optional<unsigned> qstrpos(const char *str, const char *key);
+  inline optional<unsigned> iqstrpos(const char *str, const char *key);
+  template<bool Insensitive = false, bool Quoted = false> inline optional<unsigned> ustrpos(const char *str, const char *key);
 
   //trim.hpp
   template<unsigned limit = 0> inline char* ltrim(char *str, const char *key = " ");
   template<unsigned limit = 0> inline char* rtrim(char *str, const char *key = " ");
-  template<unsigned limit = 0> inline char* trim (char *str, const char *key = " ");
+  template<unsigned limit = 0> inline char* trim(char *str, const char *key = " ", const char *rkey = 0);
 
   //utility.hpp
+  template<bool Insensitive> alwaysinline bool chrequal(char x, char y);
+  template<bool Quoted, typename T> alwaysinline bool quoteskip(T *&p);
+  template<bool Quoted, typename T> alwaysinline bool quotecopy(char *&t, T *&p);
   inline unsigned strlcpy(string &dest, const char *src, unsigned length);
   inline unsigned strlcat(string &dest, const char *src, unsigned length);
-  inline string substr(const char *src, unsigned start = 0, unsigned length = 0);
+  inline string substr(const char *src, unsigned start = 0, unsigned length = ~0u);
+  inline string sha256(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
 
-  inline string integer(intmax_t value);
-  template<unsigned length = 0> inline string linteger(intmax_t value);
-  template<unsigned length = 0> inline string rinteger(intmax_t value);
-  inline string decimal(uintmax_t value);
-  template<unsigned length = 0> inline string ldecimal(uintmax_t value);
-  template<unsigned length = 0> inline string rdecimal(uintmax_t value);
-  template<unsigned length = 0> inline string hex(uintmax_t value);
-  template<unsigned length = 0> inline string binary(uintmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = ' '> inline string integer(intmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = ' '> inline string linteger(intmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = ' '> inline string decimal(uintmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = ' '> inline string ldecimal(uintmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = '0'> inline string hex(uintmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = '0'> inline string binary(uintmax_t value);
   inline unsigned fp(char *str, double value);
   inline string fp(double value);
 

bsnes/nall/string/bml.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#ifdef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+//BML v1.0 parser
+//revision 0.05
+
+namespace nall {
+namespace BML {
+
+inline static string indent(const char *s, unsigned depth) {
+  array<char> output;
+  do {
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < depth; n++) output.append('\t');
+    do output.append(*s); while(*s && *s++ != '\n');
+  } while(*s);
+  return output.get();
+}
+
+struct Node {
+  cstring name;
+  cstring value;
+
+private:
+  linear_vector<Node> children;
+
+  inline bool valid(char p) const {  //A-Za-z0-9-.
+    return p - 'A' < 26u | p - 'a' < 26u | p - '0' < 10u | p - '-' < 2u;
+  }
+
+  inline unsigned parseDepth(char *&p) {
+    while(*p == '\n' || *p == '#') {
+      while(*p != '\n') *p++ = 0;
+      *p++ = 0;  //'\n'
+    }
+    unsigned depth = 0;
+    while(p[depth] == '\t') depth++;
+    return depth;
+  }
+
+  inline void parseName(char *&p) {
+    if(valid(*p) == false) throw "Missing node name";
+    name = p;
+    while(valid(*p)) p++;
+  }
+
+  inline void parseValue(char *&p) {
+    char terminal = *p == ':' ? '\n' : ' ';  //':' or '='
+    *p++ = 0;
+    value = p;
+    while(*p && *p != terminal && *p != '\n') p++;
+  }
+
+  inline void parseBlock(char *&p, unsigned depth) {
+    value = p;
+    char *w = p;
+    while(parseDepth(p) > depth) {
+      p += depth + 1;
+      while(*p && *p != '\n') *w++ = *p++;
+      if(*p && *p != '\n') throw "Multi-line value missing line feed";
+      *w++ = *p;
+    }
+    *(w - 1) = 0;  //'\n'
+  }
+
+  inline void parseLine(char *&p) {
+    unsigned depth = parseDepth(p);
+    while(*p == '\t') p++;
+
+    parseName(p);
+    bool multiLine = *p == '~';
+    if(multiLine) *p++ = 0;
+    else if(*p == ':' || *p == '=') parseValue(p);
+    if(*p && *p != ' ' && *p != '\n') throw "Invalid character encountered";
+
+    while(*p == ' ') {
+      *p++ = 0;
+      Node node;
+      node.parseName(p);
+      if(*p == ':' || *p == '=') node.parseValue(p);
+      if(*p && *p != ' ' && *p != '\n') throw "Invalid character after node";
+      if(*p == '\n') *p++ = 0;
+      children.append(node);
+    }
+
+    if(multiLine) return parseBlock(p, depth);
+
+    while(parseDepth(p) > depth) {
+      Node node;
+      node.parseLine(p);
+      children.append(node);
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline void parse(char *&p) {
+    while(*p) {
+      Node node;
+      node.parseLine(p);
+      children.append(node);
+    }
+  }
+
+public:
+  inline Node& operator[](const char *name) {
+    for(auto &node : children) {
+      if(node.name == name) return node;
+    }
+    static Node node;
+    node.name = nullptr;
+    return node;
+  }
+
+  inline bool exists() const { return name; }
+  unsigned size() const { return children.size(); }
+  Node* begin() { return children.begin(); }
+  Node* end() { return children.end(); }
+  const Node* begin() const { return children.begin(); }
+  const Node* end() const { return children.end(); }
+  inline Node() : name(""), value("") {}
+  friend class Document;
+};
+
+struct Document : Node {
+  cstring error;
+
+  inline bool load(const char *document) {
+    if(document == nullptr) return false;
+    this->document = strdup(document);
+    char *p = this->document;
+    try {
+      this->error = nullptr;
+      parse(p);
+    } catch(const char *error) {
+      this->error = error;
+      free(this->document);
+      this->document = nullptr;
+      children.reset();
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline Document(const char *document = "") : document(nullptr), error(nullptr) { if(*document) load(document); }
+  inline ~Document() { if(document) free(document); }
+
+private:
+  char *document;
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/string/bsv.hpp

@@ -1,74 +1,75 @@
-#ifndef NALL_STRING_BSV_HPP
-#define NALL_STRING_BSV_HPP
+#ifdef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
 
-//BSV parser
-//version 0.01
+//BSV v1.0 parser
+//revision 0.02
 
 namespace nall {
 
-inline string bsv_decode(const char *input) {
-  string output;
-  unsigned offset = 0;
-  while(*input) {
-    //illegal characters
-    if(*input == '}' ) return "";
-    if(*input == '\r') return "";
-    if(*input == '\n') return "";
+struct BSV {
+  static inline string decode(const char *input) {
+    string output;
+    unsigned offset = 0;
+    while(*input) {
+      //illegal characters
+      if(*input == '}' ) return "";
+      if(*input == '\r') return "";
+      if(*input == '\n') return "";
 
-    //normal characters
-    if(*input != '{') { output[offset++] = *input++;  continue; }
+      //normal characters
+      if(*input != '{') { output[offset++] = *input++;  continue; }
 
-    //entities
-    if(strbegin(input, "{lf}")) { output[offset++] = '\n'; input += 4; continue; }
-    if(strbegin(input, "{lb}")) { output[offset++] = '{';  input += 4; continue; }
-    if(strbegin(input, "{rb}")) { output[offset++] = '}';  input += 4; continue; }
+      //entities
+      if(strbegin(input, "{lf}")) { output[offset++] = '\n'; input += 4; continue; }
+      if(strbegin(input, "{lb}")) { output[offset++] = '{';  input += 4; continue; }
+      if(strbegin(input, "{rb}")) { output[offset++] = '}';  input += 4; continue; }
 
-    //illegal entities
-    return "";
+      //illegal entities
+      return "";
+    }
+    output[offset] = 0;
+    return output;
   }
-  output[offset] = 0;
-  return output;
-}
 
-inline string bsv_encode(const char *input) {
-  string output;
-  unsigned offset = 0;
-  while(*input) {
-    //illegal characters
-    if(*input == '\r') return "";
+  static inline string encode(const char *input) {
+    string output;
+    unsigned offset = 0;
+    while(*input) {
+      //illegal characters
+      if(*input == '\r') return "";
 
-    if(*input == '\n') {
-      output[offset++] = '{';
-      output[offset++] = 'l';
-      output[offset++] = 'f';
-      output[offset++] = '}';
-      input++;
-      continue;
+      if(*input == '\n') {
+        output[offset++] = '{';
+        output[offset++] = 'l';
+        output[offset++] = 'f';
+        output[offset++] = '}';
+        input++;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if(*input == '{') {
+        output[offset++] = '{';
+        output[offset++] = 'l';
+        output[offset++] = 'b';
+        output[offset++] = '}';
+        input++;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if(*input == '}') {
+        output[offset++] = '{';
+        output[offset++] = 'r';
+        output[offset++] = 'b';
+        output[offset++] = '}';
+        input++;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      output[offset++] = *input++;
     }
-
-    if(*input == '{') {
-      output[offset++] = '{';
-      output[offset++] = 'l';
-      output[offset++] = 'b';
-      output[offset++] = '}';
-      input++;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if(*input == '}') {
-      output[offset++] = '{';
-      output[offset++] = 'r';
-      output[offset++] = 'b';
-      output[offset++] = '}';
-      input++;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    output[offset++] = *input++;
+    output[offset] = 0;
+    return output;
   }
-  output[offset] = 0;
-  return output;
-}
+};
 
 }
 

bsnes/nall/string/cast.hpp

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
-#ifndef NALL_STRING_CAST_HPP
-#define NALL_STRING_CAST_HPP
+#ifdef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
 
 namespace nall {
 
 //this is needed, as C++0x does not support explicit template specialization inside classes
-template<> inline const char* to_string<bool>         (bool v)          { return v ? "true" : "false"; }
-template<> inline const char* to_string<signed int>   (signed int v)    { static char temp[256]; snprintf(temp, 255, "%+d", v); return temp; }
-template<> inline const char* to_string<unsigned int> (unsigned int v)  { static char temp[256]; snprintf(temp, 255,  "%u", v); return temp; }
-template<> inline const char* to_string<double>       (double v)        { static char temp[256]; snprintf(temp, 255,  "%f", v); return temp; }
-template<> inline const char* to_string<char*>        (char *v)         { return v; }
-template<> inline const char* to_string<const char*>  (const char *v)   { return v; }
-template<> inline const char* to_string<string>       (string v)        { return v; }
-template<> inline const char* to_string<const string&>(const string &v) { return v; }
-
-template<typename T> string& string::operator= (T value) { return assign(to_string<T>(value)); }
-template<typename T> string& string::operator<<(T value) { return append(to_string<T>(value)); }
+template<> inline const char* to_string<bool>          (bool v)           { return v ? "true" : "false"; }
+template<> inline const char* to_string<signed int>    (signed int v)     { static char temp[256]; snprintf(temp, 255, "%+d", v); return temp; }
+template<> inline const char* to_string<unsigned int>  (unsigned int v)   { static char temp[256]; snprintf(temp, 255, "%u", v); return temp; }
+template<> inline const char* to_string<intmax_t>      (intmax_t v)       { static char temp[256]; snprintf(temp, 255, "%+lld", (long long)v); return temp; }
+template<> inline const char* to_string<uintmax_t>     (uintmax_t v)      { static char temp[256]; snprintf(temp, 255, "%llu", (unsigned long long)v); return temp; }
+template<> inline const char* to_string<double>        (double v)         { static char temp[256]; snprintf(temp, 255, "%f", v); return temp; }
+template<> inline const char* to_string<char*>         (char *v)          { return v; }
+template<> inline const char* to_string<const char*>   (const char *v)    { return v; }
+template<> inline const char* to_string<string>        (string v)         { return v; }
+template<> inline const char* to_string<const string&> (const string &v)  { return v; }
+template<> inline const char* to_string<cstring>       (cstring v)        { return v; }
+template<> inline const char* to_string<const cstring&>(const cstring &v) { return v; }
 
 template<typename T> lstring& lstring::operator<<(T value) {
   operator[](size()).assign(to_string<T>(value));

bsnes/nall/string/compare.hpp

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-#ifndef NALL_STRING_COMPARE_HPP
-#define NALL_STRING_COMPARE_HPP
+#ifdef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
 
 namespace nall {
 
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ char chrupper(char c) {
   return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ? c - ('a' - 'A') : c;
 }
 
-int stricmp(const char *str1, const char *str2) {
+int istrcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2) {
   while(*str1) {
     if(chrlower(*str1) != chrlower(*str2)) break;
     str1++, str2++;
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ bool strbegin(const char *str, const char *key) {
   return (!memcmp(str, key, ksl));
 }
 
-bool stribegin(const char *str, const char *key) {
+bool istrbegin(const char *str, const char *key) {
   int ssl = strlen(str), ksl = strlen(key);
 
   if(ksl > ssl) return false;
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ bool strend(const char *str, const char *key) {
   return (!memcmp(str + ssl - ksl, key, ksl));
 }
 
-bool striend(const char *str, const char *key) {
+bool istrend(const char *str, const char *key) {
   int ssl = strlen(str), ksl = strlen(key);
 
   if(ksl > ssl) return false;

bsnes/nall/string/convert.hpp

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-#ifndef NALL_STRING_CONVERT_HPP
-#define NALL_STRING_CONVERT_HPP
+#ifdef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
 
 namespace nall {
 
@@ -23,6 +22,26 @@ char* strupper(char *str) {
   return str;
 }
 
+char* qstrlower(char *s) {
+  if(!s) return 0;
+  bool quoted = false;
+  while(*s) {
+    if(*s == '\"' || *s == '\'') quoted ^= 1;
+    if(quoted == false && *s >= 'A' && *s <= 'Z') *s += 0x20;
+    s++;
+  }
+}
+
+char* qstrupper(char *s) {
+  if(!s) return 0;
+  bool quoted = false;
+  while(*s) {
+    if(*s == '\"' || *s == '\'') quoted ^= 1;
+    if(quoted == false && *s >= 'a' && *s <= 'z') *s -= 0x20;
+    s++;
+  }
+}
+
 char* strtr(char *dest, const char *before, const char *after) {
   if(!dest || !before || !after) return dest;
   int sl = strlen(dest), bsl = strlen(before), asl = strlen(after);
@@ -40,86 +59,6 @@ char* strtr(char *dest, const char *before, const char *after) {
   return dest;
 }
 
-uintmax_t hex(const char *str) {
-  if(!str) return 0;
-  uintmax_t result = 0;
-
-  //skip hex identifiers 0x and $, if present
-  if(*str == '0' && (*(str + 1) == 'X' || *(str + 1) == 'x')) str += 2;
-  else if(*str == '$') str++;
-
-  while(*str) {
-    uint8_t x = *str++;
-    if(x >= '0' && x <= '9') x -= '0';
-    else if(x >= 'A' && x <= 'F') x -= 'A' - 10;
-    else if(x >= 'a' && x <= 'f') x -= 'a' - 10;
-    else break;  //stop at first invalid character
-    result = result * 16 + x;
-  }
-
-  return result;
-}
-
-intmax_t integer(const char *str) {
-  if(!str) return 0;
-  intmax_t result = 0;
-  bool negate = false;
-
-  //check for sign
-  if(*str == '+') {
-    negate = false;
-    str++;
-  } else if(*str == '-') {
-    negate = true;
-    str++;
-  }
-
-  while(*str) {
-    uint8_t x = *str++;
-    if(x >= '0' && x <= '9') x -= '0';
-    else break;  //stop at first invalid character
-    result = result * 10 + x;
-  }
-
-  return !negate ? result : -result;
-}
-
-uintmax_t decimal(const char *str) {
-  if(!str) return 0;
-  uintmax_t result = 0;
-
-  while(*str) {
-    uint8_t x = *str++;
-    if(x >= '0' && x <= '9') x -= '0';
-    else break;  //stop at first invalid character
-    result = result * 10 + x;
-  }
-
-  return result;
-}
-
-uintmax_t binary(const char *str) {
-  if(!str) return 0;
-  uintmax_t result = 0;
-
-  //skip bin identifiers 0b and %, if present
-  if(*str == '0' && (*(str + 1) == 'B' || *(str + 1) == 'b')) str += 2;
-  else if(*str == '%') str++;
-
-  while(*str) {
-    uint8_t x = *str++;
-    if(x == '0' || x == '1') x -= '0';
-    else break;  //stop at first invalid character
-    result = result * 2 + x;
-  }
-
-  return result;
-}
-
-double fp(const char *str) {
-  return atof(str);
-}
-
 }
 
 #endif

bsnes/nall/string/core.hpp

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-#ifndef NALL_STRING_CORE_HPP
-#define NALL_STRING_CORE_HPP
+#ifdef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
 
 namespace nall {
 
@@ -66,15 +65,17 @@ bool string::operator> (const char *str) const { return strcmp(data, str)  > 0;
 bool string::operator>=(const char *str) const { return strcmp(data, str) >= 0; }
 
 string& string::operator=(const string &value) {
+  if(&value == this) return *this;
   assign(value);
   return *this;
 }
 
 string& string::operator=(string &&source) {
+  if(&source == this) return *this;
   if(data) free(data);
   size = source.size;
   data = source.data;
-  source.data = 0;
+  source.data = nullptr;
   source.size = 0;
   return *this;
 }
@@ -87,14 +88,16 @@ template<typename... Args> string::string(Args&&... args) {
 }
 
 string::string(const string &value) {
+  if(&value == this) return;
   size = strlen(value);
   data = strdup(value);
 }
 
 string::string(string &&source) {
+  if(&source == this) return;
   size = source.size;
   data = source.data;
-  source.data = 0;
+  source.data = nullptr;
 }
 
 string::~string() {
@@ -131,6 +134,19 @@ optional<unsigned> lstring::find(const char *key) const {
   return { false, 0 };
 }
 
+bool lstring::operator==(const lstring &source) const {
+  if(this == &source) return true;
+  if(size() != source.size()) return false;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < size(); n++) {
+    if(operator[](n) != source[n]) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool lstring::operator!=(const lstring &source) const {
+  return !operator==(source);
+}
+
 inline lstring::lstring() {
 }
 

bsnes/nall/string/cstring.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#ifdef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+//const string:
+//bind a const char* pointer to an object that has various testing functionality;
+//yet lacks the memory allocation and modification functionality of the string class
+
+namespace nall {
+
+cstring::operator const char*() const { return data; }
+unsigned cstring::length() const { return strlen(data); }
+bool cstring::operator==(const char *s) const { return !strcmp(data, s); }
+bool cstring::operator!=(const char *s) const { return  strcmp(data, s); }
+optional<unsigned> cstring::position (const char *key) const { return  strpos(data, key); }
+optional<unsigned> cstring::iposition(const char *key) const { return istrpos(data, key); }
+cstring& cstring::operator=(const char *data) { this->data = data; return *this; }
+cstring::cstring(const char *data) : data(data) {}
+cstring::cstring() : data("") {}
+
+}
+
+#endif

bsnes/nall/string/filename.hpp

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-#ifndef NALL_FILENAME_HPP
-#define NALL_FILENAME_HPP
+#ifdef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
 
 namespace nall {
 

bsnes/nall/string/math.hpp

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-#ifndef NALL_STRING_MATH_HPP
-#define NALL_STRING_MATH_HPP
+#ifdef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
 
 namespace nall {
 
+static function<int64_t (const char *&)> eval_fallback;
+
 static int eval_integer(const char *&s) {
   if(!*s) throw "unrecognized_integer";
   int value = 0, x = *s, y = *(s + 1);
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ static int eval_integer(const char *&s) {
 }
 
 static int eval(const char *&s, int depth = 0) {
-  while(*s == ' ' || *s == '\t') s++; //trim whitespace
+  while(*s == ' ' || *s == '\t') s++;  //trim whitespace
   if(!*s) throw "unrecognized_token";
   int value = 0, x = *s, y = *(s + 1);
 
@@ -74,10 +75,12 @@ static int eval(const char *&s, int depth = 0) {
 
   else if((x >= '0' && x <= '9') || x == '\'') value = eval_integer(s);
 
+  else if(eval_fallback) value = eval_fallback(s);  //optional user-defined syntax parsing
+
   else throw "unrecognized_token";
 
   while(true) {
-    while(*s == ' ' || *s == '\t') s++; //trim whitespace
+    while(*s == ' ' || *s == '\t') s++;  //trim whitespace
     if(!*s) break;
     x = *s, y = *(s + 1);