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261 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
261 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
TileServer PHP: MapTiler and MBTiles maps via WMTS
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==================================================
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This server distributes maps to desktop, web, and mobile applications from
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a standard Apache+PHP web hosting.
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Try a live demo at: http://tileserver.maptiler.com/
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It is a free and open-source project implementing OGC WMTS standard for
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pre-rendered map tiles made with [MapTiler](http://www.maptiler.com/), GDAL2Tiles,
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or available as MBTiles files.
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It is the easiest and cheapest way how to serve zoomable maps in a
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standardized way - practically from any ordinary web hosting.
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It is easy to install - just copy the project files to a PHP-enabled
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directory along with your map data.
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It comes with an online interface showing the list of the maps and step-by-step guides for online mapping libraries (Google Maps API, Leaflet, OpenLayers, OL3, MapBox JS, ArcGIS JS) and various desktop GIS software:
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This project is developed in PHP, not because it is the best language for
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development of web applications, but because it maximally simplify the
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deployment on large number of web hosting providers including various free
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web hostings.
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Tiles are served directly by Apache with mod_rewrite rules as static files
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and therefore are very fast and with correct HTTP caching headers.
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Only XML metadata are delivered via PHP.
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MBTiles are served via PHP, and are therfore slower, unless they are unpacked with mbutil.
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[MapTiler](http://www.maptiler.com/) can render GeoTIFF, ECW, MrSID, GeoPDF into compatible map tiles. JPEG, PNG, GIF and TIFF with scanned maps or images without geolocation can be turned into standard map layers with the visual georeferencing functionality (http://youtu.be/eJxdCe9CNYg).
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[](http://www.maptiler.com/)
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Requirements:
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-------------
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- Apache webserver (with mod_rewrite / .htaccess supported)
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- PHP 5.2+ with SQLite module (php5-sqlite)
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(or another webserver implementing mod_rewrite rules and PHP)
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Installation:
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-------------
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Download the project files as a [zip archive](https://github.com/klokantech/tileserver-php/archive/master.zip) or source code from GitHub and unpack it into a web-hosting of your choice.
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If you access the web address relevant to the installation directory,
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the TileServer.php Server should display you a welcome message and further
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instructions.
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Then you can upload to the web hosting your mapping data - a directory with
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tiles rendered with [MapTiler](http://www.maptiler.com/).
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Tiles produced by open-source GDAL2Tiles or MapTiler and tiles in .mbtiles
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files can be easily converted to required structure (XYZ with top-left origin
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and metadata.json file). The open-source utility [mbutil](https://github.com/mapbox/mbutil) produces
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exactly the required format.
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Direct reading of .mbtiles files is supported, but with decreased performance
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compared to the static files in a directory. The advantage is easier data management,
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especially upload over FTP or similar protocols.
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Supported protocols:
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--------------------
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- OpenGIS WMTS 1.0.0
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The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Tile Service (WMTS)
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Both KVP and RESTful version 1.0.0:
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http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wmts/
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Target is maximal compliance to the standard.
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Exposed at http://[...]/wmts
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- OSGeo TMS 1.0.0
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The OSGeo Tile Maps Service, but with inverted y-coordinates:
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http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Tile_Map_Service_Specification
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This means request compatible with OpenStreetMap tile servers.
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Target is "InvertedTMS" implementation used by the ArcBruTile client
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which is available from http://arcbrutile.codeplex.com/ and uses
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flipped y-axis.
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Exposed at http://[...]/tms
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- TileJSON.js
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Metadata about the individual maps in a ready to use form for web
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clients following the standard http://mapbox.com/developers/tilejson/
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and with support for JSONP access.
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Exposed at http://[...]/layer.jsonp
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- Direct access with XYZ tile requests (to existing tiles in a directory
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or to .mbtiles)
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Compatible with Google Maps API / Bing SDK / OpenStreetMap clients.
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Exposed at http://[...]/layer/z/x/y.ext
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- MapBox UTFgrid request (for existing tiles in .mbtiles with UTFgrid support). Callback is supported
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Example https://www.mapbox.com/demo/visiblemap/
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Specification https://github.com/mapbox/utfgrid-spec
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Exposed at http://[...]/layer/z/x/y.grid.json
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To use the OGC WMTS standard point your client (desktop or web) to the URL
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of 'directory' where you installed tileserver.php project with suffix "wmts".
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For example: http://www.example.com/directory/wmts
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If you have installed the project into a root directory of a domain, then the address is: http://www.example.com/wmts
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The supported WMTS requests includes:
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GetCapabilities RESTful/KVP:
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http://[...]/1.0.0/WMTSCapabilities.xml
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http://[...]?service=wmts&request=getcapabilities&version=1.0.0
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GetTile RESTful/KVP:
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http://[...]/layer/[ANYTHING-OPTIONAL][z]/[x]/[y].[ext]
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http://[...]?service=wmts&request=getTile&layer=[layer]&tilematrix=[z]&tilerow=[y]&tilecol=[y]&format=[ext]
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Other example requests are mentioned in the .htaccess.
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Performance from the web clients
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--------------------------------
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It is highly recommended to map several domain names to the service, such as:
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http://a.example.com/, http://b.example.com/, http://c.example.com/.
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This can be done with DNS CNAME records pointing to your hosting.
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The reason for this is that traditionally browsers will not send more then two
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simultaneous http request to the same domain - with multiple domains for the
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same server you can better saturate the network and receive the maps faster.
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Performance
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-----------
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In case the data are available in a form of directory with XYZ tiles, then
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Apache webserver is serving these files directly as WMTS RESTful or KVP.
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This means performance is excellent, maps are delivered very fast and large
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number of concurrent visitors can be handled even with quite a low-end
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hardware or cheap/free web hosting providers.
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Mod_rewrite rules are utilized to ensure the HTTP requests defined in the OCG
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WMTS standard are served, and Apache preserve standard caching headers & eTag.
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The performance should be significantly better then performance of any other
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tile caching project (such as TileCache.org or GeoWebCache).
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Performance graph for "apache static" comparing other tile caching projects
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is available online at:
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http://code.google.com/p/mod-geocache/wiki/PreliminaryBenchmark
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Limits of actual implementation
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-------------------------------
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With intention, in this moment the project supports only:
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- Mercator tiles (a la OpenStreetMap) and Geodetic tiles (WGS84 unprojected)
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with known and described tiling scheme.
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- All tiles must be 256x256 pixels.
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- We enforce and require XYZ (top-left origin) tiling schema (even for TMS).
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Password protection
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-------------------
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HTTP Simple Authentication can be easily added to the server.
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Edit the .htaccess and add these lines:
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AuthUserFile /full/path/to/.htpasswd
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AuthType Basic
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AuthName "Secure WMTS"
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Require valid-user
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Create a file called .htpasswd with user:password format.
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You can use a command-line utility:
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$ htpasswd -c .htpasswd [your-user-login]
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Or an online service:
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http://www.htaccesstools.com/htpasswd-generator/
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HTTPS / SSL support
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-------------------
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TileServer.php can run without any problems over HTTPS, if required.
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Microsoft Windows web-hosting
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-----------------------------
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The TileServer.php should run on Windows-powered webservers with Apache
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installation if PHP 5.2+ and mod_rewrite are available.
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With the IIS webserver hosting, you may need PHP and IIRF module
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(http://iirf.codeplex.com/) and alter appropriately the rewrite rules.
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Credits / Contributors
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----------------------
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Project developed initially by Klokan Technologies GmbH, Switzerland in
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cooperation with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA, USA.
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- Petr Pridal - Klokan Technologies GmbH <petr.pridal@klokantech.com>
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- Jason Woolard - NOAA <jason.woolard@noaa.gov>
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- Jon Sellars - NOAA <jon.sellars@noaa.gov>
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- Dalibor Janak - Klokan Technologies GmbH <dalibor.janak@klokantech.com>
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Tested WMTS/TMS clients
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-----------------------
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- QuantumGIS Desktop 1.9+ - open with Layer->Add WMS layer
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http://www.qgis.org/
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- ESRI ArcGIS Desktop 10.1+ - native WMTS implementation supported
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http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgis-for-desktop
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- ESRI ArcGIS Online - loading via WMTS protocol
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http://www.arcgis.com/
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- ArcBruTiles plugin for ArcGIS 9.3+ - via TMS endpoint
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http://arcbrutile.codeplex.com/
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- OpenLayers WMTS Layer - including parsing GetCapabilities
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http://www.openlayers.org/
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- GAIA - native WMTS (issues with 3857 to be fixed)
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http://www.thecarbonproject.com/gaia.php
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- MapBox.js - the loading of maps via TileJSON, interaction layer supported
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https://www.mapbox.com/mapbox.js
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BSD License
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-----------
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Copyright (C) 2015 Klokan Technologies GmbH (http://www.klokantech.com/)
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All rights reserved.
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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
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1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
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list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
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this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
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and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
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ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
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WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
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DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
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ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
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(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
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LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
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ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
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SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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