Test image pixel differences due to switch to winter computer

core.scad

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 //
 
 //
-// Include this file to use the miniumum library plus screws, nuts and washers
+// Include this file to use the minimum library plus screws, nuts and washers
 //
 include <utils/core/core.scad>
 //

global_defs.scad

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ $exploded       = is_undef($explode)         ? 0      : $explode;         // 1 f
 layer_height    = is_undef($layer_height)    ? 0.25   : $layer_height;    // layer heigth when printing
 extrusion_width = is_undef($extrusion_width) ? 0.5    : $extrusion_width; // filament width when printing
 nozzle          = is_undef($nozzle)          ? 0.45   : $nozzle;          // 3D printer nozzle
-cnc_bit_r       = is_undef($cnc_bit_r)       ? 1.2    : $cnc_bit_r;       // miniumum tool radius when milling 2D objects
+cnc_bit_r       = is_undef($cnc_bit_r)       ? 1.2    : $cnc_bit_r;       // minimum tool radius when milling 2D objects
 pp1_colour      = is_undef($pp1_colour)      ? [0, 146/255, 0] : $pp1_colour; // printed part colour 1, RepRap logo colour
 pp2_colour      = is_undef($pp2_colour)      ? "red"  : $pp2_colour;      // printed part colour 2
 pp3_colour      = is_undef($pp3_colour)      ? "blue" : $pp3_colour;      // printed part colour 3

readme.md

@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ PCB mounted buttons. Can optionally have a coloured cap
 ## Cable_strips
 A strip of polypropylene used with ribbon cable to make a cable flexible in one direction only.
 
-Modelled with a Bezier spline, which is not quite the same as a miniumum energy curve but very close, epecially
+Modelled with a Bezier spline, which is not quite the same as a minimum energy curve but very close, epecially
 near the extreme positions, where the model needs to be accurate.
 
 When the sides are constrained then a circular model is more accurate.
@@ -2332,14 +2332,14 @@ PCBs and perfboard with optional components. The shape can be a rectangle with o
 |   1 | ```pcb(EnviroPlus)``` |  Enviro+ |
 |   1 | ```pcb(ExtruderPCB)``` |  Extruder connection PCB |
 |   1 | ```pcb(Keyes5p1)``` |  Keyes5.1 Arduino Uno expansion board |
+|   1 | ```pcb(MP1584EN)``` |  MP1584EN 3A buck converter |
 |   1 | ```pcb(MT3608)``` |  MT3608 boost converter module |
-|   1 | ```pcb(Melzi)``` |  Melzi electronics |
-|   5 |  |  Micro SD card |
+|   4 |  |  Micro SD card |
 |   1 | ```molex_254(2)``` |  Molex KK header 2 way |
 |   1 | ```molex_254(3)``` |  Molex KK header 3 way |
 |  16 | ```nut(M2_nut, nyloc = true)``` |  Nut M2 x 1.6mm nyloc |
 |  34 | ```nut(M2p5_nut, nyloc = true)``` |  Nut M2.5 x 2.2mm nyloc |
-|  16 | ```nut(M3_nut, nyloc = true)``` |  Nut M3 x 2.4mm nyloc |
+|  12 | ```nut(M3_nut, nyloc = true)``` |  Nut M3 x 2.4mm nyloc |
 |  12 | ```nut(M4_nut, nyloc = true)``` |  Nut M4 x 3.2mm nyloc |
 |   1 | ```pcb(PI_IO)``` |  PI_IO V2 |
 |   1 | ```pcb(PSU12V1A)``` |  PSU 12V 1A |
@@ -2355,24 +2355,21 @@ PCBs and perfboard with optional components. The shape can be a rectangle with o
 |   1 | ```pcb(RPI0)``` |  Raspberry Pi Zero |
 |  12 | ```screw(M2_cap_screw, 16)``` |  Screw M2 cap x 16mm |
 |   4 | ```screw(M2_cap_screw, 20)``` |  Screw M2 cap x 20mm |
-|   2 | ```screw(M2p5_cap_screw, 16)``` |  Screw M2.5 cap x 16mm |
-|   4 | ```screw(M2p5_cap_screw, 20)``` |  Screw M2.5 cap x 20mm |
-|   4 | ```screw(M2p5_cap_screw, 25)``` |  Screw M2.5 cap x 25mm |
+|   2 | ```screw(M2p5_cap_screw, 20)``` |  Screw M2.5 cap x 20mm |
+|   8 | ```screw(M2p5_cap_screw, 25)``` |  Screw M2.5 cap x 25mm |
 |   8 | ```screw(M2p5_cap_screw, 30)``` |  Screw M2.5 cap x 30mm |
 |   4 | ```screw(M2p5_pan_screw, 20)``` |  Screw M2.5 pan x 20mm |
 |  12 | ```screw(M2p5_pan_screw, 25)``` |  Screw M2.5 pan x 25mm |
 |   4 | ```screw(M3_cap_screw, 16)``` |  Screw M3 cap x 16mm |
 |   8 | ```screw(M3_cap_screw, 30)``` |  Screw M3 cap x 30mm |
-|   4 | ```screw(M3_cap_screw, 35)``` |  Screw M3 cap x 35mm |
 |  12 | ```screw(M4_cap_screw, 35)``` |  Screw M4 cap x 35mm |
 |   1 | ```pcb(TP4056)``` |  TP4056 Li-lon Battery charger module |
 |   3 | ```terminal_35(2)``` |  Terminal block 2 way 3.5mm |
 |   2 | ```green_terminal(gt_2p54, 4)``` |  Terminal block 4 way 0.1" |
-|   1 |  |  USB A to Mini B lead |
 |   1 | ```pcb(WD2002SJ)``` |  WD2002SJ Buck Boost DC-DC converter |
 |  16 | ```washer(M2_washer)``` |  Washer  M2 x 5mm x 0.3mm |
 |  34 | ```washer(M2p5_washer)``` |  Washer  M2.5 x 5.9mm x 0.5mm |
-|  16 | ```washer(M3_washer)``` |  Washer  M3 x 7mm x 0.5mm |
+|  12 | ```washer(M3_washer)``` |  Washer  M3 x 7mm x 0.5mm |
 |  12 | ```washer(M4_washer)``` |  Washer  M4 x 9mm x 0.8mm |
 |   1 | ```pcb(ZC_A0591)``` |  ZC-A0591 ULN2003 driver PCB |
 
@@ -2383,22 +2380,21 @@ PCBs and perfboard with optional components. The shape can be a rectangle with o
 |   4 | pcb_spacer2070.stl |
 |   4 | pcb_spacer2080.stl |
 |   4 | pcb_spacer2090.stl |
-|   4 | pcb_spacer25100.stl |
 |   4 | pcb_spacer25110.stl |
 |   4 | pcb_spacer25120.stl |
-|   4 | pcb_spacer25130_2.stl |
+|   4 | pcb_spacer25130.stl |
 |   4 | pcb_spacer25140_2.stl |
 |   4 | pcb_spacer25150_2.stl |
-|   4 | pcb_spacer25180.stl |
+|   4 | pcb_spacer25160_2.stl |
 |   4 | pcb_spacer25190.stl |
-|   2 | pcb_spacer2570.stl |
-|   4 | pcb_spacer30160.stl |
+|   4 | pcb_spacer25200.stl |
+|   2 | pcb_spacer2580.stl |
 |   4 | pcb_spacer30170.stl |
-|   4 | pcb_spacer30230.stl |
+|   4 | pcb_spacer30180.stl |
 |   4 | pcb_spacer3050.stl |
-|   4 | pcb_spacer40200.stl |
 |   4 | pcb_spacer40210.stl |
 |   4 | pcb_spacer40220.stl |
+|   4 | pcb_spacer40230.stl |
 
 
 <a href="#top">Top</a>
@@ -5268,7 +5264,7 @@ The coordinates of the lowest point on the curve can be retrieved by calling ```
 |:--- |:--- |
 | ```catenary(t, a)``` | Parametric catenary function linear along the length of the curve. |
 | ```catenary_ds_by_da(d, a)``` | First derivative of the length with respect to ```a```. |
-| ```catenary_find_a(d, l, a = 1)``` | Find the catenary constant ```a```, given half the horizontal span and the length. |
+| ```catenary_find_a(d, l, a = 1, best_e = inf, best_a = 1)``` | Find the catenary constant ```a```, given half the horizontal span and the length. |
 | ```catenary_points(l, x, y, steps = 100)``` | Returns a list of 2D points on the curve that goes from the origin to ```(x,y)``` and has length ```l```. |
 | ```catenary_s(d, a)``` | Length of a symmetric catenary with width ```2d```. |
 
@@ -5391,6 +5387,8 @@ Method to print holes in mid air. See <https://hydraraptor.blogspot.com/2014/03/
 ## Horiholes
 Utilities for depicting the staircase slicing of horizontal holes made with [`teardrop_plus()`](#teardrops), see <https://hydraraptor.blogspot.com/2020/07/horiholes-2.html>
 
+```horicylinder()``` makes cylinders that fit inside a round hole. Layers that are less than 2 filaments wide and layers that need more than a 45 degree overhang are omitted.
+
 
 [utils/horiholes.scad](utils/horiholes.scad) Implementation.
 
@@ -5399,11 +5397,13 @@ Utilities for depicting the staircase slicing of horizontal holes made with [`te
 ### Functions
 | Function | Description |
 |:--- |:--- |
+| ```teardrop_minus_x(r, y, h)``` | Calculate the ordinate of a compensated teardrop given y and layer height. |
 | ```teardrop_plus_x(r, y, h)``` | Calculate the ordinate of a compensated teardrop given y and layer height. |
 
 ### Modules
 | Module | Description |
 |:--- |:--- |
+| ```horicylinder(r, z, h = 0, center = true)``` | For making horizontal cylinders that don't need support material and are correct dimensions |
 | ```horihole(r, z, h = 0, center = true)``` | For making horizontal holes that don't need support material and are correct dimensions |
 
 ![horiholes](tests/png/horiholes.png)
@@ -5455,6 +5455,7 @@ Maths utilities for manipulating vectors and matrices.
 | ```argsinh(x)``` | inverse hyperbolic sine |
 | ```argtanh(x)``` | inverse hyperbolic tangent |
 | ```augment(m)``` | Augment a matrix by adding an identity matrix to the right |
+| ```circle_intersect(c1, r1, c2, r2)``` | Calculate one point where two circles in the X-Z plane intersect, clockwise around c1 |
 | ```cosh(x)``` | hyperbolic cosine |
 | ```coth(x)``` | hyperbolic cotangent |
 | ```degrees(radians)``` | Convert degrees to radians |

tests/horiholes.scad

@@ -69,9 +69,13 @@ module horiholes() {
             color(silver)
                 cylinder(r = $r, h = eps, center = true, $fn = 360);
 
+    hole_positions()
+        color("blue")
+            horicylinder(r = $r, z = $z, h = 2 * eps, center = true, $fn = 360);
+
     hole_positions()
         color("red")
-            linear_extrude(2 * eps, center = true)
+            linear_extrude(3 * eps, center = true)
                 intersection() {
                     difference() {
                         square(8, center = true);

tests/maths.scad

@@ -69,6 +69,33 @@ module maths() {
     // Test Euler
     //
     assert(euler(rotate(r)) == r, "euler() failed");
+    //
+    // Circle intersect
+    //
+    r1 = 10;
+    c1 = [50, 0, 10];
+    r2 = 20;
+    c2 = [67, 0, 0];
+    p1 = circle_intersect(c1, r1, c2, r2);
+    p2 = circle_intersect(c2, r2, c1, r1);
+
+    rotate(90) {
+        color(grey(90))
+            translate(c1) rotate([90, 0, 0]) cylinder(r = r1, h = 4 * eps, center = true);
+
+        color(grey(80))
+            translate(c2) rotate([90, 0, 0]) cylinder(r = r2, h = eps, center = true);
+
+        color("red")
+            translate(p1) rotate([90, 0, 0]) cylinder(r = 0.1, h = 6 * eps, center = true);
+
+        color("blue")
+            translate(p2) rotate([90, 0, 0]) cylinder(r = 0.1, h = 6 * eps, center = true);
+
+        translate(p1) arrow();
+
+        translate(p2) vflip() arrow();
+    }
 }
 
 rotate(45)

utils/catenary.scad

@@ -33,21 +33,20 @@ function catenary(t, a) = let(u = argsinh(t)) a * [u, cosh(u)]; //! Parametric c
 function catenary_s(d, a) = 2 * a * sinh(d / a); //! Length of a symmetric catenary with width ```2d```.
 function catenary_ds_by_da(d, a) = 2 * sinh(d / a) - 2 * d / a * cosh(d / a); //! First derivative of the length with respect to ```a```.
 
-function catenary_find_a(d, l, a = 1) =  //! Find the catenary constant ```a```, given half the horizontal span and the length.
-     assert(l > 2 * d, "Not long enough to span the gap") assert(d)
-     abs(catenary_s(d, a) - l) < 0.0001 ? a
-                                        : catenary_find_a(d, l, max(a - (catenary_s(d, a) - l) / catenary_ds_by_da(d, a), 0.001));
+function catenary_find_a(d, l, a = 1, best_e = inf, best_a = 1) =  //! Find the catenary constant ```a```, given half the horizontal span and the length.
+     assert(l > 2 * d, "Not long enough to span the gap") assert(d) let(error = abs(catenary_s(d, a) - l))
+     error >= best_e && error < 0.0001 ? best_a
+                                       : catenary_find_a(d, l, max(a - (catenary_s(d, a) - l) / catenary_ds_by_da(d, a), d / argsinh(1e99)), error, a);
 
 function catenary_points(l, x, y, steps = 100) = //! Returns a list of 2D points on the curve that goes from the origin to ```(x,y)``` and has length ```l```.
     let(
         d = x / 2,
-        a = catenary_find_a(d, sqrt(sqr(l) - sqr(y)), d / 2),   // Find a to get the correct length
+        a = catenary_find_a(d, sqrt(sqr(l) - sqr(y))),   // Find a to get the correct length
         offset = argsinh(y / catenary_s(d, a)),
         t0 = sinh(-d / a + offset),
         t1 = sinh( d / a + offset),
         h = a * cosh(-d / a + offset) - a,
         lowest = offset > d / a ? [0, 0] : offset < -d / a ? [x, y] : [d - offset * a, -h],
-        //dummy = echo(l = l, d = d, a = a, t0=t0, t1=t1, sinh(d / a), s = catenary_s(d, a), offset = offset * a, h = h),
         p0 = catenary(t0, a)
     )
     steps ? [for(t = [t0 : (t1 - t0) / steps : t1]) catenary(t, a) - p0] : lowest;

utils/core/core.scad

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 //
 
 //
-// Include this file to use the miniumum library
+// Include this file to use the minimum library
 //
 include <../../global_defs.scad>
 //

utils/horiholes.scad

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 //
 //! Utilities for depicting the staircase slicing of horizontal holes made with [`teardrop_plus()`](#teardrops), see <https://hydraraptor.blogspot.com/2020/07/horiholes-2.html>
+//!
+//! ```horicylinder()``` makes cylinders that fit inside a round hole. Layers that are less than 2 filaments wide and layers that need more than a 45 degree overhang are omitted.
 //
 include <../utils/core/core.scad>
 
@@ -53,3 +55,29 @@ module horihole(r, z, h = 0, center = true) { //! For making horizontal holes th
                         }
              }
 }
+
+function teardrop_minus_x(r, y, h) = //! Calculate the ordinate of a compensated teardrop given y and layer height.
+    let(fr = h / 2,
+        hpot = r - fr,
+        x2 = sqr(hpot) - sqr(y),
+        x = x2 > 0 ? sqrt(x2) : 0,
+        X = y >= -hpot / sqrt(2) ? x + fr : 0
+    )
+    X >= extrusion_width ? X : 0;
+
+module horicylinder(r, z, h = 0, center = true) { //! For making horizontal cylinders that don't need support material and are correct dimensions
+    bot_layer = floor((z - r) / layer_height);
+    top_layer = ceil((z + r) / layer_height);
+    render(convexity = 5)
+        extrude_if(h, center)
+            for(i = [bot_layer : top_layer]) {
+                Z = i * layer_height;
+                y = Z - z + layer_height / 2;
+                x = teardrop_minus_x(r, y, layer_height);
+                if(x >= extrusion_width)
+                    hull()
+                        for(end = [-1, 1])
+                            translate([end * (x - layer_height / 2), y])
+                                circle(d = layer_height, $fn = 32);
+             }
+}

utils/maths.scad

@@ -146,3 +146,10 @@ function invert(m) = let(n =len(m), m = solve(augment(m))) [ //! Invert a matrix
              each m[i][j]
     ]
 ];
+
+function circle_intersect(c1, r1, c2, r2) =     //! Calculate one point where two circles in the X-Z plane intersect, clockwise around c1
+    let(
+        v = c1 - c2,                            // Line between centres
+        d = norm(v),                            // Distance between centres
+        a = atan2(v.z, v.x) - acos((sqr(d) + sqr(r2) - sqr(r1)) / (2 * d * r2)) // Cosine rule to find angle from c2
+     ) c2 + r2 * [cos(a), 0, sin(a)];           // Point on second circle

utils/sweep.scad

@@ -34,14 +34,22 @@ function transpose3(m) = [ [m[0].x, m[1].x, m[2].x],
                            [m[0].y, m[1].y, m[2].y],
                            [m[0].z, m[1].z, m[2].z] ];
 //
+// Find the first non-colinear point
+//
+tiny = 0.00001;
+function find_curve(tangents, i = 1) =
+    i >= len(tangents) - 1 || norm(cross(tangents[0], tangents[i] - tangents[0])) > tiny ? i
+                                                                                         : find_curve(tangents, i + 1);
+//
 // Frenet-Serret frame
 //
 function fs_frame(tangents) =
     let(tangent = tangents[0],
-        normal = tangents[1] - tangents[0],
+        i = find_curve(tangents),
+        normal = tangents[i] - tangents[0],
         binormal = cross(tangent, normal),
         z = unit(tangent),
-        x = assert(norm(binormal) > 0.00001, "first three points are colinear") unit(binormal),
+        x = assert(norm(binormal) > tiny, "all points are colinear") unit(binormal),
         y = unit(cross(z, x))
        ) [[x.x, y.x, z.x],
           [x.y, y.y, z.y],
@@ -70,7 +78,6 @@ function orientate(p, r) =
          [x.y, y.y, z.y],
          [x.z, y.z, z.z],
          [p.x, p.y, p.z]];
-
 //
 // Rotate around z
 //

vitamins/cable_strip.scad

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 //
 //! A strip of polypropylene used with ribbon cable to make a cable flexible in one direction only.
 //!
-//! Modelled with a Bezier spline, which is not quite the same as a miniumum energy curve but very close, epecially
+//! Modelled with a Bezier spline, which is not quite the same as a minimum energy curve but very close, epecially
 //! near the extreme positions, where the model needs to be accurate.
 //!
 //! When the sides are constrained then a circular model is more accurate.

vitamins/component.scad

@@ -161,13 +161,13 @@ module al_clad_resistor(type, value, leads = true) { //! Draw an aluminium clad
                 }
         linear_extrude(thickness)
             difference() {
-                for(end = [-1, 1])
-                    translate([end * (length - tab) / 2, end * (width - width / 2) / 2])
-                        square([tab, width / 2], center = true);
+                union()
+                    for(end = [-1, 1])
+                        translate([end * (length - tab) / 2, end * (width - width / 2) / 2])
+                            square([tab, width / 2], center = true);
 
                 al_clad_resistor_hole_positions(type)
                     circle(d = al_clad_hole(type));
-
             }
         if(leads) {
             translate_z(height / 2)

vitamins/insert.scad

@@ -137,19 +137,26 @@ module insert_lug(insert, wall, counter_bore = 0, extension = 0, corner_r = 0, f
     boss_h = insert_hole_length(insert);
     boss_h2 = boss_h + counter_bore;
 
-    module shape()
-        intersection() {
+    module shape() {
+        module _shape()
             hull() {
                 circle(boss_r);
 
                 translate([boss_r + extension - eps, 0])
                     square([eps, 2 * boss_r], center = true);
             }
-            if(corner_r)
+
+        if(corner_r)
+            intersection() {
+                _shape();
+
                 translate([boss_r + extension - corner_r, 0])
                     rotate(-45)
                         quadrant(w = 100, r = corner_r - eps, center = true);
-        }
+            }
+        else
+            _shape();
+    }
 
     translate_z(-boss_h)
         linear_extrude(boss_h)

vitamins/jhead.scad

@@ -179,23 +179,27 @@ module jhead_hot_end_assembly(type, filament, naked = false) { //! Assembly with
     //
     // heater block
     //
-    rotate(90)
-        translate([-nozzle_x(heater), 0, inset - insulator_length - heater_height(heater) / 2]) {
-            intersection() {
-                group() {
-                    translate([resistor_x(heater), -exploded() * 15, 0])
-                        rotate([90, 0, 0])
-                             sleeved_resistor(resistor, PTFE20, bare = -10);
+    module heater_components() {
+        translate([resistor_x(heater), -exploded() * 15, 0])
+            rotate([90, 0, 0])
+                 sleeved_resistor(resistor, PTFE20, bare = -10);
+
+        translate([-heater_length(heater) / 2 + resistor_length(thermistor) / 2 - exploded() * 10, thermistor_y(heater), 0])
+            rotate([90, 0, -90])
+                 sleeved_resistor(thermistor, PTFE07, heatshrink = HSHRNK16);
+    }
+
+    rotate(90)
+        translate([-nozzle_x(heater), 0, inset - insulator_length - heater_height(heater) / 2])
+            if(exploded())
+                heater_components();
+            else
+                intersection() {
+                    heater_components();
 
-                    translate([-heater_length(heater) / 2 + resistor_length(thermistor) / 2 - exploded() * 10, thermistor_y(heater), 0])
-                        rotate([90, 0, -90])
-                             sleeved_resistor(thermistor, PTFE07, heatshrink = HSHRNK16);
-                }
-                if(!exploded())
                     if(naked)
                         color("grey") cylinder(r = 12, h = 100, center = true);
                     else
                         cube(1, true);             // hide the wires when not exploded
-            }
-    }
+                }
 }

vitamins/pcbs.scad

@@ -385,6 +385,11 @@ WD2002SJ = ["WD2002SJ", "WD2002SJ Buck Boost DC-DC converter", 78, 47, 1.6, 0, 3
     ],
     []];
 
+MP1584EN = ["MP1584EN", "MP1584EN 3A buck converter", 22, 17, 1.2, 0, 1, [2, 2], "green", false,
+    [[1.75, 1.75], [1.75, -1.75], [-1.75, 1.75], [-1.75, -1.75], [-1.75, -4.4], [-1.75, 4.48], [1.75, -4.4], [1.75, 4.4]],
+    []
+];
+
 PERF80x20 = ["PERF80x20", "Perfboard 80 x 20mm", 80, 20, 1.6, 0, 2.3, 0, "green", true, [[2,2],[-2,2],[2,-2],[-2,-2]], [], [], [5.87, 3.49]];
 
 PERF70x50 = ["PERF70x50", "Perfboard 70 x 50mm", 70, 50, 1.6, 0, 2.3, 0, "green", true, [[2,2],[-2,2],[2,-2],[-2,-2]], [], [], [5.87, 3.49]];
@@ -410,7 +415,7 @@ RAMPSEndstop = ["RAMPSEndstop", "RAMPS Endstop Switch",
     []];
 
 
-pcbs = [TP4056, MT3608, RAMPSEndstop, ExtruderPCB, PI_IO, ZC_A0591, RPI0, EnviroPlus, ArduinoUno3, ArduinoLeonardo, Keyes5p1, PSU12V1A, WD2002SJ, RPI3, RPI4, DuetE, Duex2, Duex5, Melzi];
+pcbs = [MP1584EN, TP4056, MT3608, RAMPSEndstop, ExtruderPCB, PI_IO, ZC_A0591, RPI0, EnviroPlus, ArduinoUno3, ArduinoLeonardo, Keyes5p1, PSU12V1A, WD2002SJ, RPI3, RPI4, DuetE, Duex2, Duex5];
 
 perfboards = [PERF74x51, PERF70x50, PERF60x40, PERF70x30, PERF80x20];
 

vitamins/smd.scad

@@ -62,9 +62,10 @@ module smd_led(type, colour, cutout) { //! Draw an SMD LED with specified ```col
                 intersection() {
                     square([size.x, size.y], center = true);
 
-                    for(end = [-1, 1])
-                        translate([end * size.x / 2, 0])
-                            ring(or = r, ir = r / 2);
+                    union()
+                        for(end = [-1, 1])
+                            translate([end * size.x / 2, 0])
+                                ring(or = r, ir = r / 2);
                 }
 
         color(colour, 0.9)