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Message-ID: <052314Z17091993@anon.penet.fi>
Newsgroups: alt.drugs
From: an13187@anon.penet.fi (H-Man)
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 1993 05:16:50 UTC
Subject: Weil: LSD and Chromosomes
Hey all! I just read THE NATURAL MIND by Andrew Weil. Although it dealt
with ACID and MARIJUANA too much for my tastes, I typed up some EXCERPTS
that I thought you'd like.
|--########>-- H-Man --<########--|
pp. 44-46:
Retrospective studies are risky ways of framing hypotheses; they are fraught
with logical traps known to the ancients, and it is remarkable that men of
science still fall for them.
The saga of LSD and chromosomes is a case in point, for much of the evidence
was of this retrospective sort. The initial hypothesis, first reported in
1967, was based on the observation that LSD users seemed to have a higher
frequency of broken chromosomes in certain white blood cells (lymphocytes)
than "normal" persons (1). The _New England Journal of Medicine_ gave this
observation great prominence in an editorial titled, "Radiomimetic Effects
of LSD," suggesting that the drug mimicked radiation in its damaging effects
on genetic material. Evidence that was more circumstantial then appeared:
LSD was shown to affect chromosomes of cells growing in test tubes; a few
mothers who had used LSD gave birth to deformed babies. The scientific and
lay press gave all these findings front-page attention. The National
Institute of Mental Health eagerly seized upon and disseminated the new
information in a propaganda campaign against LSD. And, for a few months,
use of the drug appeared to decline.
But throughout this campaign, a number of facts were overlooked. First was
the total absence of any prospective studies supporting the hypothesis. No
one had tested the hypothesis in a legitimate way -- by looking at
chromosomes before exposure to the drug, giving the drug in a controlled
fashion, and then keeping watch on chromosomes. Second was the known fact
that many things affect chromosomal integrity, among them such common drugs
as aspirin and chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and recent viral infections. No
effort was made to control for these other factors in the clinical cases.
Third was the general problem of tissue-culture studies: cells growing in
test tubes do not behave the way cells do in the body. In addition, the
doses of LSD that caused visible changes in chromosomes of tissue-culture
cells were far higher than the doses living cells get when a person takes
an acid trip. Fourth, chromosomal breaks are seen in cells of all people;
the arguments turned on a statistical difference in frequency, not an
all-or-nothing difference, and the frequency of chromosomal breaks in
lymphocytes seems to correlate more directly with laboratory technique than
with other variables. (The technique of preparing lymphocytes to make
chromosomes visible is complicated and likely to produce factitious
changes.) Fifth, the lymphocyte is one of the only cells in which human
chromosomes can ever be seen under the microscope. Even if the changes were
real, they said nothing about the state of chromosomes in other cells (such
as reproductive cells). In fact, through the whole controversy no one
showed _why_ it was bad to have broken chromosomes in your lymphocytes. It
sounds bad, certainly, but one cannot say that it is bad without making a
number of shaky assumptions.
All of these logical flaws in the medical arguments against LSD were obvious
in 1967. They do not mean that the hypothesis should never have been
published, but surely it should not have been promoted by the medical
profession, the press, and the National Institute of Mental Health without
more thought. And it is significant that these logical flaws were first
pointed out in the _Berkeley Barb_ and other underground newspapers at least
eight months before the _New England Journal of Medicine_ voiced similar
doubts. The necessary prospective studies were not published until the end
of 1969 (2). Not surprisingly, they failed to demonstrate any relationship
between LSD use and chromosomal changes. They generated very little
national publicity.
This episode ought to be profoundly embarassing to journal editors and
government scientists. At one stroke it created an irreparable gap between
users of drugs and drug experts. Since 1968 I have not met a single user of
hallucinogens who will believe any reports of medical damage associated with
drugs, and the use of hallucinogens has never been higher.
(1) M. M. Cohen, K. Hirshhorn, W. A. Frosch, "In Vivo and in Vitro
Chromosomal Damage Induced by LSD-25," _New England Journal of Medicine_ 227
(1967), p. 1043.
(2) J. H. Tjio, W. N. Pahnke, A. A. Kurland, "LSD and Chromosomes: A
Controlled Experiment," _Journal of the American Medical Association_ 210
(1969), p. 849. For a recent review of the whole field, see N. I.
Dishotsky, W. D. Loughman, R. E. Mogar, W. R. Lipscomb, "LSD and Genetic
Damage," _Science_ 172 (30 April 1971), p. 431.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
To find out more about the anon service, send mail to help@anon.penet.fi.
Due to the double-blind, any mail replies to this message will be anonymized,
and an anonymous id will be allocated automatically. You have been warned.
Please report any problems, inappropriate use etc. to admin@anon.penet.fi.

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[...only the conclusions of this paper are made publicly available via
anonymous ftp, interested persons should visit their libraries...]
(Originally printed in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, Vol 21(1),
Jan-Mar 1989).
LSD and Creativity (reproduced w/o permission)
------------------
Oscar Janiger, M.D. (Department of Psychiatry, University of
California, Irvine, California)
Marlene Dobkin de Rios, Pd. D. (Department of Anthropology, California
State University, Fullerton, California)
CONCLUSION
Contrary to popular belief, most artists find it possible to exercise
some technical proficiency, with varying degrees of success, under the
influence of LSD. This seems to improve with repeated experiences. The
artistic productions are not ipso facto inferior to those performed in
ordinary states of consciousness. However, in evaluating the reports
and follow-up questionnaires, they are often judged by the artists to
be more interesting or even aesthetically superior to their usual mode
of expression. A review of the follow-up information shows that, in
many instances, the artist in the series described herein felt that
the LSD experience pruduced some desirable lasting change in their
understanding of their work, which continued to incluence the form and
direction of their artistic development. A so-called confusional or
disorganized phase may represent a creative crisis in which the artis
struggling, to maintain his/her traditional approach, finally reaches
another level of integration and expression.
These metamorphoses all contribute to the artists' convictions that
they are able to create new meanings in an emergent world. It is of
special interest to note that many of those elements that are
universally reported under the influence of LSD are those features
traditionally associated with heightened artistic creativity. The
ultiamte explanation for these changes may lie in a biochemical basis
of perception and/or the cultural history of the individual.
**************************** Article Separation *******************************
I was reading a back copy of The Journal of Drug Issues looking at an article
on additiction when I came accross annother article. A chemistry for world
peace. Willam H. McGlothlin, Journal of Drug Issues, Spring 1985, 225-245.
Ok so it is a twinkie title, however it is perhaps the best article I have ever
read on acid. The abstract;
This paper presents an argument for research into
the means of altering individual attitudes, values,
and communication abilities in the direction of
increased social empathy, which , inturn would
produce a more favorable enviroment for resolving
differences and facilitate peaceful negotions
between individuals and nations. It is proposed
that prior research with the drug d-lysergic acid
diethylamide (LSD), shows sufficient promise in
producing relatively long-lasting changes in the
above areas to merit further research. Furthermore,
the use of LSD has been demonstrated to be quite
safe _under supervisory conditions_, i.e. the
guided "trip." LSD is also non-toxic and
non-addictive.
A brief history of psychedelic drugs is
provided along with a description of thier
psychological effects. Some possible modes of
action are discussed. LSD and other psychedelics
are seen as a possible means of tapping mental
resources which are not ordinarily available, but
which may be of great value to the individual and
ultimately to the society.
The man who wrote it is unfortunantly dead, he was a well recognized scholar
with a number of awards from academia and the government. He worked for RAND
for a number of years and was no brainless yammerhead (despite the twinkie
title).
The article is full of all kinds of interesting things, A very good brief
history of LSD and other psychedelics, one of the dest descriptions of an LSD
experience I have ever encountered here is part:
About 30 minutes after ingesting LSD the
subject normally experiences a feeling of dizziness
or intoxication. One of the most common early
emotional reactions is smiling and laughing, which
sometimes develops into uncontrollable laughing
and/or crying. With closed eyes there is a
lightening of the normal gray-black expanse and
almost invariably colorful and luminous geometric
designs appear in the field of vision. They may
change into architechtural structures which
freaquently are in very saturated colors and appear
to be glowing from an internal light.
He goes on to discuss changes resulting from the LSD experience (almost all are
beneficial), and then talks about side effects. One nifty factoid;
Estimated rates of Major Complications Associated with LSD
Attempted completed psychotic reaction
suicide suicide over 48 hours
experimental
subjects- 0/1000 0/1000 0.8/1000
patients
undergoing
therapy- 1.2/1000 0.4/1000 1.8/1000
(w/o psychobabble that means like really fucking good)
There are also three and a half pages of cited references which alone is worth
diggin up the article.
**************************** Article Separation ****************************
Newsgroups: alt.drugs
Distribution: world
Subject: From the Merck Manual -- LSD references, etc
Keywords: LSD, Lysergic Acid Amide, Lysergic Acid
Summary: A couple of pages of copywrite infringement
From the 11th Edition of the Merck manual, the "Centennial Edition" no less:
[perhaps something to drop in the FAQ?]
5505. Lysergamide. 9,10-Didehydro-6-methylergoline-
8beta-carboxamide; lysergic acid amide; ergine. C16H17N3O;
mol wt 267.32. C 71.88%, H 6.41%, N 15.72%, O 5.99%.
Isoln from _Rivea_corymbosa_(L.) and from _Ipomoea_tricolor_
Cav., _Convolvulaceae_: Hofmann, Tscherter, _Experientia_ 16,
414 (1964). Prepn from lysergic acid hydrazide: Ainsworth,
U.S. pat. 2,756,235 (1956 to Lilly); from lysergic acid and
phosgene-dimethylformamide complex: Patelli, Bernardi,
U.S. pat. 3,141,887 (1964 to Farmitalia). Microbiological
production: Rutschmann, Kobel, U.S. pat. 3,219,545 (1965
to Sandoz).
H. CONH2
'. /
/ \
/ \
|| |
|| N
/\\ /\ / \
/ \\ / \ / CH3
|| | | \
|| | | H
\ // \ /
\// \/
| ||
| ||
HN-------
Prisms from methanol. dec 242deg. [alpha](5461)(20) + 15% (c = 0.5 in
pyridine).
Methanesulfonate, C7H21N3O4S, prisms from methanol +
acetone, dec 232deg.
Note: This is a controlled substance (depressant) listed in
the U.S. code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.13
(1987).
5506. Lysergic Acid. 9,10-Didehydro-6-methylergoline-
8-carboxylic acid. C16H16N2O2; mol wt 268.32. C 71.62%,
H 6.01%, N 10.44%, O 11.93!. Ayseqgic acid and isolyser-
gic acid are the main cleavage products formed on alkaline
hydrolysis of the alkaloids which are characteristic of ergot.
Jacobs, Craig et al., _J._Biol._Chem._ 104, 547 (1934); 125, 289
(1938); 130, 399 (1939); 145, 487 (1942); _J._Org._Chem._ 10,
76 (1945). High-yield production by _Claviceps_paspali_:
Arcamone et al., _Proc._Roy._Soc._ (London), _Ser._B_, 155, 26
(1961). total synthesis: Kornfeld et al., _J._Am._Chem._Soc._
76, 5256 (1954); 78, 3087 (1956); M. Julia et al., _Tetrahedron_
_letters_ 1969, 1569; V.W. Armstrong et al., ibid. 1976, 4311;
W. Oppolzer et al., _Helv._Chem._Acta_ 64, 478 (1981); R.
Ramage et al., _Tetrahedron_ 37, Suppl. 9, 157 (1981); J.
Rebek, D.F. Tai, _Tetrahedron_Letters_ 24, 859 (1983). Ste-
reochemistry: Stoll et al., _Helv._Chem._Acta 37, 2039 (1954);
Stenlake, _J._Chem._Soc._ 1955, 1626; Leeman, Fabbri, _Helv._
_Chim._Acta_ 42, 2696 (1959). Absolute configuration: Stad-
ler, Hoffman, ibid. 45, 2005 (1962).
H. COOH
'. /
/ \
/ \
|| |
|| N
/\\ /\ / \
/ \\ / \ / CH3
|| | | \
|| | | H
\ // \ /
\// \/
| ||
| ||
HN-------
Haxagonal scales, plates with one or two moles H20 from
water, mp 240deg (dec). [alpha](D)(20) + 40deg (c = 0.5 in pyridine).
Behaves as an acid and base, pKa 3.44, pKb 7.68. Moder-
ately sol in pyridine. Sparingly sol in water and in neutral
organic solvents; sol in NaOH, NH4OH, Na2CO3, and HCL
solns. Slighly sol in dil H2SO4.
Methyl ester, thin leaflets from benzene, mp 168deg.
Note: This is a controlled substance (depressant) listed in
the U.S. code of Federal Regulations, title 21 Part 1308.13
(1987).
5507. Lysergide. 9,10-Didehydro-N,N-diethyl-6-meth-
ylergoline-8beta-carboxamide; N,N-diethyl-D-lysergamide; D-
lysergic acid diethylamide; LSD; LSD-25; Lysergsaure Di-
ethylamid. C20H25N3O; mol wt 323.42. C 74.27%, H 7.79%,
N 12.99%, O 4.95%. Microbal formation by _Claviceps_pas-
pali_ over the hydroxyethylamide; Arcamone et al., _Proc._
Roy._Soc._(London) 155B, 26 (1961). Partial synthesis: Stoll,
Hofmann, _Helv._Chim._Acta_ 26, 944 (1943); 38, 421 (1955).
Industrial prepn: Pioch; Garbrecht, U.S. pats. 2,736,728;
2,774,763 (both 1956 to Lilly); Patelli, Bernardi, U.S. pat.
3,141,887 (1964 to Farmitalia). Isotope-labeled LSD: Stoll
et al., _Helv._Chim._Acta_ 37, 820 (1954). Toxicity data: E.
Rothlin, _Ann._N.Y._Acad._Sci._ 66, 668 (1957). Review: Hof-
fer, _Clin._Pharmacol._Ther._ 6, 183 (1965). Book: _The_Use_of_
LSD_in_Psychotherapy_and_Alcoholism_, H.A. Abramson, Ed.
(Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1967) 697 pp.
/ C2H5
H. CON
'. / \ C2H5
/ \
/ \
|| |
|| N
/\\ /\ / \
/ \\ / \ / CH3
|| | | \
|| | | H
\ // \ /
\// \/
| ||
| ||
HN-------
Pointed prisms from benzene, mp 80-85 degs. [alpha](D)(20) + 17deg (c =
0.5 in pyridine). uv max (ethanol): 311 nm (E(1 cm)(1%) 257).
LD50 in mice, rats, rabbits (mg/kg): 46, 16.5, 0.3 i.v.
(Rothlin).
D-Tartrate, C46H64N6O10, solvated, elongated prisoms from
methanol, mp 198-200deg. [alpha](D)(20) + 30 deg. Soluble in water.
Caution: This is a controlled substance (hallucinogen)
listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part
1308.11 (1987).
USE: In biochemical research as an antagonist to serotonin.
Has been used experimentally as adjunct in study and treat-
ment of mental disorders.
NOTES: Not guaranteed to be free from typos.
Underlines are supposed to be italic (ie book/journal titles, etc)
Alpha, beta, and deg are the greek letters and the degree symbol
[alpha](D)(20) means a greek letter in [] followed by a subscript
and then a superscript (I don't know *WHAT* this actually is)
The chemical structures are almost exactly what the Merck manual has
drawn. Almost nothing was lost in the conversion to ASCII.
[if you wanted to get really technical, the lower hydrogen atom in
all of the structures should be coming out, and have a thick line]
=============================================================================
In article <1992Dec8.093008.25698@gdunix.gd.chalmers.se> guccw@gdunix.gd.chalmers.se (Christian Wernstedt) writes:
>
> Has anyone any comments on this? Is it common that people experiencing
>a bad trip resort to violence against him/herselves or people around? Any
>anecdotes, statistical info or just scientific references would be of
>benefit to get a clearer picture.
>
A followup to my earlier reply. Two refrences from the bibliograpy
of Intoxication, Ronald SIEGEL
BARTER, J. T and REITE, M. 1969.
"Crime and LSD: The Insanity Plea."
American Journal of Psychiatry 126:113-19.
REICH, R and HEPPS, R. B. 1972.
"Homicide During a Psychosis Induced by LSD."
Journal of American Medical Association 219:869-71
From Siegel's Intoxication (p 240):
The cases of Jeffery and Harold, who killed people after
having taken LSD, are presented.
"Cases like Harold's tend to confuse the issue of intoxication
and violence. Violent people are often intoxicated but the
violence is usually rooted in the personality, not the drug."
mark

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1972 tablet LSD pink tablet
1972 tablet LSD bright orange pellet; street name "sunshine"
1972 tablet LSD white tablet aspirin size
1972 tablet LSD white tablet aspirin size
1972 tablet LSD,PCP light blue tablet
1972 tablet LSD (450ug) red saccharin size tablet--"sunshine"
1972 tape LSD "clearlight"--drug between scotch tape
1972 tape LSD (impure) "clearlight"--drug between scotch tape
1972 tape LSD "clearlight"--drug between scotch tape
1972 tablet LSD "whitelight"--white tablet
1972 tablet LSD (impure) "orange sunshine"--bright orange tablet
1972 tablet LSD "orange sunshine"--bright orange tablet
1972 tablet LSD (125ug) small yellow tablet
1972 tablet LSD (impure) purple tablet
1972 tablet LSD red-orange saccharin size tablet
1972 tablet LSD orange saccharin size tablet
1972 tablet LSD small purple "bead"
1972 tablet LSD (475ug) orange saccharin size tablet
1972 tablet LSD orange saccharin size tablet ("Sunshine")
1972 powder LSD bright orange powder
1972 tablet LSD orange saccharin size tablet
1972 tablet LSD (225ug) dark red tablet ("Rose Sunshine")
1972 tablet LSD orange tablet, crushed ("Orange Sunshine")
1972 tablet LSD red-orange tablet, crushed ("Sunshine")
1972 tablet LSD,PCP pale green tablet, ("Greenies")
1972 gelatin LSD clear gelatin squares, 1.5mmx1.5mm "Clearlight"
1972 tablet LSD green tablet, 62 mg. "Berkeley Green"
1972 paper LSD blotter paper with gray spot, (3mm diameter)
1972 powder LSD white powder
1972 paper LSD paper with gray green spot
1972 capsule LSD clear capsule 7mm x 21mm
1972 - LSD -
1972 tablet LSD yellow tablet, 5mm x 3mm; 58 mg.
1972 powder LSD orange grains "Sunshine LSD"
1972 tablet LSD green tablet, crushed
1972 tablet LSD white tablet, 6.5mm(dia.)x3.0mm(thick), 125mg.
1972 gelatin LSD clear wafers: 1.0mmx2.5mm, 1mg."windowpane"
1972 gelatin LSD gelatin layer, 2.8mm x 2.2mm, 1.1mg.
1972 tablet LSD blue cyl. tablet, 55mg. "Blue Sunshine"
1972 tablet LSD red tablet, crushed
1972 tablet LSD,PCP green tablet, 3mmx1.5mm "Greenies Acid"
1972 paper LSD blotter paper with gray spot 3/4" dia.
1972 tablet LSD purple tablet crushed
1972 tablet LSD small purple tablet 3mmx2mm, 17mg.
1972 tape LSD thin plastic-like sq. 2mmx2mm, 0.5mg.
1972 capsule LSD brown powder in large capsule, 24mmx9mm.
1972 gelatin LSD small clear square 1/16" x 1/16"
1972 tablet LSD yellow tablet 6mmx3mm, 75 mg.
1972 capsule LSD brown powder in clear capsule, 24mmx9mm
1972 capsule LSD brown powder in green capsule, 7mmx9mm
1972 powder LSD powder--no description
1972 tablet LSD purple tablet with white specks
1972 tablet LSD green-rust speckled double dome tablet
1972 tablet LSD bright yellow saccharin tablet, 100 mg.
1972 powder LSD turquoise specks
1972 powder LSD white powder
1972 tablet LSD yellow tablet
1972 powder LSD turquoise powder
1972 tablet LSD blue tablet 1/4" dia. x 1/8"
1972 powder LSD white powder
1972 powder LSD cream colored powder
1972 powder LSD orange powder
1972 tablet LSD white tablet 3/10" x 1/8"
1972 tablet LSD blue tablet 1/4" x 9/32"
1972 powder LSD white powder
1972 tablet LSD orange tablet
1972 tablet LSD light green tablet 5/32" x 3/32"
1972 tablet LSD red tablet 3/10" x 1/8"
1972 gelatin LSD small brown gelatin square
1972 tablet LSD (impure) blue tablet 3/16" x 1/8"
1972 tablet LSD (impure) white tablet 3/10" x 3/32"
1972 powder LSD white powder-white window pane acid
1972 tablet LSD,PCP tan colored tablets
1972 capsule LSD,Amphet light brown powder in clear capsule
1972 powder No Drug Present orange brown powder
1973 tablet LSD orange tablet
1973 capsule LSD white powder in clear capsule
1973 powder LSD orange powder
1973 gelatin LSD chocolate brown window pane
1973 tablet LSD purple tablet
1973 powder LSD orange powder
1973 paper LSD green spots on blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD small pink and yellow tablet
1973 liquid LSD liquid in murine bottle
1973 tablet LSD tan tablet
1973 powder LSD pink powder
1973 powder LSD turquoise powder
1973 powder LSD cream powder
1973 tablet LSD pale pink domed tablet, 1/8" diameter
1973 tablet LSD pale yellow tablet
1973 tablet LSD purple tablet 3/8" diam.
1973 paper LSD blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD pink speckled tablet
1973 powder LSD pink powder
1973 tablet LSD pink tablet
1973 tablet LSD purple tablet
1973 tablet LSD orange tablet
1973 tablet LSD pink tablet 1/8" diam.
1973 tablet LSD orange tablet 3/16" diam.
1973 tablet LSD raspberry tablet 1/4" diam.
1973 tablet LSD green tablet
1973 tablet LSD orange tablet
1973 sugar LSD blue & pink spotted sugar cube
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet 5/32" diam.
1973 tablet LSD blue tablet 1/4" diam.
1973 tablet LSD blue tablet 1/4" diam.
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet 5/32" diam.
1973 capsule LSD white powder in clear capsule
1973 tablet LSD white tablet 7/32" diam.
1973 tablet LSD light purple tablet 3/16" diam.
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet 1/4" diam.
1973 capsule LSD white powder in clear capsule
1973 tablet LSD red tablet 3/16" diam.
1973 tablet LSD white tablet 3/16" diam.
1973 tablet LSD purple tablet 1/4" diam.
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet 3/16" diam.
1973 tablet LSD blue tablet 1/4" diam.
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet 5/32" diam.
1973 tablet LSD,MA pink tablet
1973 tablet LSD,MA purple tablet 1/4" diam.
1973 paper LSD,PCP square white blotter paper
1973 liquid ergot alkaloids extract of morning glory seeds
1973 powder PCP white powder
1973 liquid No Drug Present liquid in cola can
1973 powder LSD white powder
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet, 3/16" diam.
1973 tablet LSD orange tablet, 3/16" diam.
1973 tablet LSD green tablet, 5/32" diam.
1973 tablet LSD red tablet, 5/32" diam.
1973 gelatin LSD clear windowpane, 1/8" x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD red tablet, 3/16" diam.
1973 paper LSD green spot on blotting paper
1973 gelatin LSD clear windowpane, 1/8" x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD pink tablet, 5/32" diam. x 1/16" thick
1973 tablet LSD green tablet, 5/32" diam. x 1/16" thick
1973 tablet LSD white tablet, 5/32" diam. x 1/16" thick
1973 tablet LSD orange tablet, 5/32" diam. x 3/32" thick
1973 powder LSD white powder
1973 tablet LSD orange tablet, 3/32" thick
1973 paper LSD brown spot on blotting paper
1973 tablet LSD white tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8" thick
1973 tablet LSD pale yellow tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8" thick
1973 gelatin LSD clear windowpane, 1/8" x 1/8"
1973 gelatin LSD clear windowpane, 1/8" x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD dark grey tablet
1973 tablet LSD pink tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32" thick
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet, 5/32" diam. x 1/16" thick
1973 gelatin LSD clear windowpane 1/8" x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet, 5/16" diam. x 1/8" thick
1973 tablet STP purple tablet, 3/16" diam.
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8" thick
1973 paper LSD green paper toweling, 1 7/16" x 1"
1973 powder LSD orange powder
1973 tablet LSD orange tablet, 5/32" diam. x 3/32" thick
1973 tablet LSD (90ug) white tablet, 5/32" diam. x 3/32" thick
1973 paper LSD green spot on blotter paper
1973 gelatin LSD clear windowpane, 1/4" x 5/32"
1973 paper LSD (50ug) spot on blotter paper
1973 paper LSD (60ug) spot on blotter paper
1973 gelatin LSD clear windowpane, 1/4" x 5/32"
1973 tablet LSD (60ug) purple tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8" thick
1973 capsule LSD (55ug) gray powder in clear capsule, 7/16" x 3/16"
1973 tablet LSD (55ug) white tablet, 1/4" diam. x 3/16" thick
1973 tablet LSD blue tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8" thick
1973 tablet LSD white tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8" thick
1973 capsule LSD orange-brown powder in clear capsule
1973 tablet LSD (100ug) purple tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/16" thick
1973 tablet LSD blue tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32" thick
1973 paper LSD blotter paper with "Mr. Natural" stamp
1973 tablet LSD (50ug) pink tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32" thick
1973 tablet LSD (190ug) red-orange barrel, 5/32" diam. x 1/8" thick
1973 tablet LSD (60ug) pink tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8" thick
1973 tablet LSD (65ug) yellow tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8" thick
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32" thick
1973 paper LSD blotter paper, 1/4" x 1/4"
1973 tablet LSD turqouise tablet
1973 liquid LSD (110ug) two drops clear liquid
1973 tablet LSD red tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8" thick
1973 paper LSD blue blotter paper, 1 1/4" x 3/4"
1973 paper LSD blue spot on white blotter paper
1973 paper LSD light brown spot on white blotter paper
1973 paper STP brown spot on blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD red tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 gelatin LSD (40ug) clear "windowpane", 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD white tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 paper LSD (90ug) blue spot on white blotter "Love Saves"
1973 tablet LSD (55ug) light brown tablet, 1/4" diam x 1/8"
1973 gelatin LSD (50ug) clear "windowpane", 1/8" x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD orange tablet, "Sunshine"
1973 gelatin LSD (120ug) clear "windowpane", 1/8" x 1/8"
1973 powder LSD white powder
1973 tablet LSD (30ug) pale violet tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8"
1973 paper LSD yellow spot on white paper
1973 tablet LSD purple tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD light green tablet
1973 paper LSD white blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD orange tablet
1973 paper LSD white blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD (100ug) purple tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/16"
1973 paper LSD beige spots on white blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD violet tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 paper LSD (60ug) spot on blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/16"
1973 paper LSD (80ug) pink spot on white blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD (75ug) orange tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD orange tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 paper LSD (50ug) white blotter paper with colored design
1973 liquid LSD (55ug/drop) clear liquid
1973 tablet LSD (190ug) gray tablet, 3/16" diam x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD (50ug) violet tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD (120ug) orange barrel,5/32"diam.x1/8" "Orange Sunshine"
1973 tablet LSD red tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD brown tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 paper LSD (140ug) spot on white blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD (100ug) scored white tablet, 9/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD (65ug) pale pink tablet, 3/16" diam. x 5/64"
1973 tablet LSD (80ug) white microtablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD red tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8"
1973 paper LSD white blotter paper with colored design
1973 tablet LSD white tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD white tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD (20ug) pale orange tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD (85ug) yellow tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 paper LSD (100ug) red blotter -- star design+Sanskrit inscription
1973 tablet LSD pale orange tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8"
1973 powder LSD pale yellow crystalline material
1973 tablet LSD (50ug) white tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD white tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/16"
1973 gelatin LSD (100ug) clear "windowpane", 1/8" x 1/8"
1973 tablet psuedoephedrine scored white tablet (also contains triprolidine)
1973 powder No Drug Present white powder
1973 tablet No Drug Present biege tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD white tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD purple tablet (80ug LSD/40ug iso-LSD)
1973 tablet LSD (80ug) green-yellow tablet, 1/8" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD (55ug) white tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 paper LSD white blotter paper "Love Saves"
1973 tablet LSD (70ug) white microtablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 gelatin LSD clear "windowpane", 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 gelatin LSD red "windowpane", 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD violet tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD violet tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 paper LSD white paper with heart design and "Love Saves"
1973 tablet LSD (45ug) brown tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8"
1973 gelatin LSD (100ug) clear "windowpane", 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 powder LSD,iso-LSD 1 mg. white powder (500ug LSD/125ug iso-LSD)
1973 tablet LSD (40ug) rose tablet
1973 tablet LSD speckled yellow tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD pale lime tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 gelatin LSD (80ug) dark brown gelatin square, 1/8" x 1/8"
1973 gelatin LSD (100ug) clear gelatin square, 1/8" x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD black speckled pale yellow tablet, 3/16"x3/32"
1973 tablet LSD lime tablet, 3/16" diam. x 7/64"
1973 tablet LSD blue tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 capsule LSD yellow-brown powder in clear capsule
1973 tablet LSD orange tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD pale turquoise tablet (55ug LSD/15ug iso-LSD)
1973 paper LSD spot on white blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD white tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD (40ug) orange tablet
1973 paper LSD,iso-LSD brown spot/white paper (105ug LSD/10ug iso-LSD)
1973 powder LSD white granular powder
1973 paper LSD brown spot/white paper (65ug LSD/30ug iso-LSD)
1973 paper LSD (110ug) spot on white blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD (60ug) orange tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD (55ug) yellow tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 paper LSD red spot on white blotter paper
1973 paper LSD,iso-LSD black design/white paper(35ug LSD/30ug iso-LSD)
1973 tablet LSD (55ug) white tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD orange tablet (50ug LSD/20ug iso-LSD)
1973 tablet LSD (50ug) yellow tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8"
1973 paper LSD (45ug) red and blue desing on white blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD (115ug) white tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD (45ug) pale orange tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 gelatin LSD clear gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD red tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 paper LSD,iso-LSD pink spot/white paper (40ug LSD/10ug iso-LSD)
1973 gelatin LSD (80ug) brown gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD (50ug) pale yellow tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/16"
1973 gelatin LSD blue gelatine rectangle, 1/8" x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD red tablet, broken (25ug LSD/20ug iso-LSD)
1973 tablet LSD (30ug) red tablet, 3/16" diam x 1/8"
1973 paper LSD blue spot/white paper/yellow Sanskrit inscrip.
1973 paper LSD (70ug) beige spot on white blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD (50ug) dark grey tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD lemon yellow tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 gelatin LSD clear gelatin square, 1/8" x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD brown tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD (50ug) white tablet, broken
1973 tablet LSD (75ug) yellow tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD red tablet (30ug LSD/10ug iso-LSD)
1973 paper LSD turquoise spot/white paper/red+blue design
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD white tablet (45ug LSD/15ug iso-LSD)
1973 paper LSD,iso-LSD beige spot/white paper (120ug LSD/40ug iso-LSD)
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD red tablet, 1/4" diam. x 3/16"
1973 tablet LSD violet tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 gelatin LSD amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 gelatin LSD (100ug) amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD (90ug) red tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8"
1973 powder LSD beige powder (105ug/100mg)
1973 tablet LSD (45ug) white tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 powder Amphet white powder
1973 capsule chlorpromazine white powder in yellow capsule
1973 tablet STP beige tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 gelatin No Drug Present clear gelatin square, 1/16" x 1/16"
1973 tablet No Drug Present rust orange tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet No Drug Present white tablet, 7/32" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet No Drug Present pink tablet, 7/32" diam. x 3/32"
1973 gelatin No Drug Present clear gelatin square, 1/8" x 1/8"
1973 gelatin LSD amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 gelatin LSD amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD red tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD white tablet (45ug LSD/5ug iso-LSD)
1973 tablet LSD (45ug) white tablet, 1/4" diam x 5/32"
1973 paper LSD lime spot/white paper/red+blue design
1973 gelatin LSD amber gelatin square
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet, broken
1973 gelatin LSD (65ug) purple gelatin square, 5/32" x 5/32"
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD violet tablet (30ug LSD/8ug iso-LSD)
1973 paper LSD (20ug) brown spot on white blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD violet tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD (35ug) pale orange tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 powder LSD,iso-LSD gray crystalline powder
1973 gelatin LSD dark brown gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 gelatin LSD (125ug) clear gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD (40ug) burgandy tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD turquoise tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8"
1973 gelatin LSD clear amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD blue tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 liquid LSD (75ug/drop) clear liquid
1973 gelatin LSD (50ug) clear turquoise gelatin square, 1/8" x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD (30ug) green tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet, 5/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD white tablet, 1/4" diam. x 3/16"
1973 tablet LSD (35ug) yellow tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD (70ug) green tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD (65ug) blue tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD (65ug) orange tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 capsule PCP (trace) rust-brown powder in clear capsule
1973 tablet LSD (70ug) white tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD (70ug) white tablet, broken
1973 tablet LSD (40ug) red tablet, 7/32" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD blue tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 sugar LSD sugar cube
1973 gelatin LSD amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD grey-green tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 paper LSD (100ug) white blotter paper with black design
1973 tablet LSD (70ug) grey-green tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet, 3/16" diam x 3/32"
1973 paper LSD (60ug) white blotter paper
1973 paper LSD (35ug) white blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD (100ug) violet tablet, 5/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD (90ug) violet tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD blue tablet, broken
1973 gelatin LSD clear amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD violet tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD (320ug) yellow & day-glo pink tablet, 5/32" x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD (140ug) purple tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/16"
1973 gelatin LSD green gelatin square, 1/4" x 1/4"
1973 gelatin LSD amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 paper LSD white blotter paper, 7/8" x 7/8"
1973 gelatin LSD (140ug) amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 gelatin LSD (145ug) amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 gelatin LSD (180ug) amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 paper LSD (10ug) spot on white blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD white tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD (85ug) yellow-green tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 gelatin LSD clear amber gelatin square
1973 tablet LSD (80ug) grey-green tablet, broken
1973 paper LSD (10ug) spot on white blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet, broken
1973 paper LSD "Mr. Natural" blotter paper
1973 liquid LSD (55ug/drop) clear liquid
1973 tablet LSD (80ug) white double-dome tablet, 1/4" diam. x 5/32"
1973 powder LSD lavender powder
1973 tablet LSD (85ug) violet tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD brown tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/16"
1973 gelatin LSD clear amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 gelatin LSD (95ug) clear amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD (105ug) white tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD (95ug) brown tablet, 5/16" diam. x 5/32"
1973 tablet LSD (60ug) violet tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD (70ug) green tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD (5ug) green tablet, broken
1973 gelatin LSD (190ug) amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 paper LSD (20ug) spot on orange blotter paper
1973 paper LSD (trace) manila paper rectangle
1973 gelatin LSD (120ug) amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 paper LSD (40ug) spot on octagonal white blotter paper
1973 tablet LSD (55ug) violet tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD red tablet (65ug LSD/10ug iso-LSD)
1973 tablet LSD red tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD yellow-green tablet (55ug LSD/10ug iso-LSD)
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet, broken
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD brown & yellow table (70ug LSD/10ug iso-LSD)
1973 gelatin LSD amber galatin rectangle, 9/32" x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD (65ug) magenta tablet, 3/16" diam x 1/8"
1973 tablet LSD (80ug) chartreuse tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD (80ug) white tablet, broken
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD red tablet (60ug LSD/5ug iso-LSD)
1973 paper LSD,iso-LSD white "Mr. Natural" (90ug LSD/15ug iso-LSD)
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD chartreuse tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD red tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD (215ug) orange barrel, 1/8" diam. x 1/8", "Sunshine"
1973 tablet LSD chartreuse tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 sugar LSD sugar cube
1973 tablet LSD orange barrel, 5/32" diam. x 1/8"
1973 powder LSD white powder
1973 tablet LSD (15ug) pink tablet, broken
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD orange tablet (20ug LSD/10ug iso-LSD)
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD purple tablet (20ug LSD/5ug iso-LSD)
1973 tablet LSD (30ug) light purple tablet 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 paper LSD (120ug) spot on white blotter paper
1973 paper LSD,iso-LSD white "Mr. Natural" (60ug LSD/25ug iso-LSD)
1973 gelatin LSD (110ug) amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 tablet LSD (60ug) lime tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD yellow tablet, broken
1973 tablet LSD violet tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/16"
1973 paper LSD (65ug) blue spot/white paper/red & blue design
1973 tablet LSD (55ug) lime tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 gelatin LSD (115ug) amber gelatin square, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD (60ug) magenta tablet, 1/8" diam. x 1/16"
1973 tablet LSD,iso-LSD blue tablet (40ug LSD/30ug iso-LSD)
1973 tablet LSD,PCP lavender tablet 1/4" diam. x 1/8" (15ug LSD)
1973 tablet STP burgandy tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet STP dark grey tablet, 11/32" diam. x 1/8"
1973 tablet STP burgandy tablet, broken
1973 tablet STP beige tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1973 gelatin No Drug Present clear gelatin rectange, 3/32" x 5/32"
1973 tablet No Drug Present white tablet, 1/4" diam. x 3/32"
1973 paper No Drug Present spot on yellow blotter paper
1973 tablet No Drug Present orange tablet, 7/32" diam. x 1/16"
1973 paper No Drug Present orange spot on white paper
1973 gelatin No Drug Present amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1973 tablet Amphet,PCP cross-scored white tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/16"
1974 capsule LSD pale yellow powder in clear capsule 4/8"x9/32"
1974 capsule LSD,iso-LSD white powder in clear capsule 5/8" x 7/32"
1974 tablet LSD yellow tablet, 11/32" diam. x 1/8"
1974 paper LSD (40ug) white blotter paper
1974 tablet LSD yellow tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1974 tablet LSD,iso-LSD yellow tablet (90ug LSD/10ug iso-LSD)
1974 powder LSD (60ug) yellow-green powder, "100ug"
1974 tablet LSD,iso-LSD "Blue Microdot" (55ug LSD/15ug iso-LSD)
1974 paper LSD,iso-LSD white blotter paper (140ug LSD/40ug iso-LSD)
1974 tablet LSD blue tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1974 wax LSD deep violet waxy solid
1974 tablet LSD (65ug) white double-dome tablet, 1/4" diam x 3/16"
1974 paper LSD,iso-LSD "Mr. Natural" (55ug LSD/10ug iso-LSD)
1974 paper LSD (45ug) pink spot/white paper/red & blue design
1974 tablet LSD (55ug) orange tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1974 tablet LSD (60ug) orange tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1974 gelatin LSD (130ug) amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1974 tablet LSD pale yellow tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8"
1974 paper LSD,iso-LSD magenta on white paper (60ug LSD/20 iso-LSD)
1974 tablet LSD brick-red tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/8"
1974 powder LSD white powder
1974 paper LSD,iso-LSD white blotter paper (100ug LSD/10ug iso-LSD)
1974 tablet LSD violet tablet, 3/16" x 3/32", "Purple Haze"
1974 paper LSD (55ug) yellow spot on white blotter paper
1974 tablet LSD (45ug) blue tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1974 sugar LSD (60ug) sugar cube
1974 gelatin LSD amber gelatin square
1974 paper LSD,iso-LSD beige on white paper (80ug LSD/20ug iso-LSD)
1974 tablet LSD,iso-LSD orange tablet (55ug LSD/20ug iso-LSD)
1974 tablet LSD (60ug) white tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1974 tablet LSD (65ug) violet tablet, 1/8" diam. x 1/16"
1974 paper LSD,iso-LSD white blotter paper (145ug LSD/20ug iso-LSD)
1974 paper LSD,iso-LSD white blotter paper (150ug LSD/20ug iso-LSD)
1974 paper LSD spot on white blotter paper
1974 tablet LSD violet tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1974 powder LSD,iso-LSD orange powder (540ug LSD + 240ug iso-LSD/gm.)
1974 tablet LSD,iso-LSD turquoise tablet (70ug LSD/40ug iso-LSD)
1974 tablet LSD (105ug) white tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1974 tablet LSD,iso-LSD rose tablet (40ug LSD/15ug iso-LSD)
1974 tablet LSD,iso-LSD blue tablet (30ug LSD/10ug iso-LSD)
1974 shroom LSD (20ug) brown mushroom cap with white gills
1974 shroom LSD (15ug) brown mushroom cap with white gills
1974 tablet LSD,iso-LSD,PCP brown tablet (95ug LSD/20ug iso-LSD/.34mg PCP)
1974 powder LSD,PCP pink powder (120ug LSD + 6.6mg PCP/gm.)
1974 tablet LSD,iso-LSD,PCP brown tablet (40ug LSD/20ug iso-LSD/80ug PCP)
1974 powder LSD,iso-LSD,STP grey pwd (.6mg LSD+120ug iso-LSD+trace STP/gm.)
1974 tablet LSD (55ug) yellow double-dome tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1974 tablet LSD (50ug) yellow-green tablet, 3/32" diam x 1/16","100ug"
1974 tablet LSD,iso-LSD pale orange tablet (45ug LSD/5ug iso-LSD)
1974 tablet LSD pale yellow tablet, broken
1974 gelatin LSD amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1974 tablet LSD (55ug) blue tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1974 tablet LSD (50ug) yellow tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1974 tablet LSD violet tablet, 3/16" x 3/32","Purple Haze"
1974 gelatin LSD (75ug) violet gelatin square, 1/8" x 1/8"
1974 tablet LSD (100ug) violet tablet, 3/16" x 1/8", "500ug"
1974 tablet LSD violet domed tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1974 tablet LSD,iso-LSD orange, "100ug" (45ug LSD/10ug iso-LSD)
1974 tablet LSD (75ug) orange tablet, 1/8" diam. x 3/32"
1974 tablet LSD (75ug) orange tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1974 gelatin LSD amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1974 paper LSD,iso-LSD white blotter paper (95ug LSD/10ug iso-LSD)
1974 gelatin LSD (105ug) amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1974 tablet LSD (55ug) white double-dome tablet, 1/4" diam. x 5/32"
1974 tablet LSD (55ug) blue tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1974 gelatin LSD (95ug) amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1974 tablet LSD (45ug) blue tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1974 tablet LSD white tablet, 1/4" diam. x 1/16"
1974 paper LSD (105ug) white blotter paper
1974 tablet LSD (70ug) blue tablet, 3/32" diam. x 1/16"
1974 tablet LSD (65ug) blue tablet, 1/16" diam. x 1/32"
1974 tablet LSD (50ug) yellow tablet, 3/16" diam. x 3/32"
1974 tablet LSD (45ug) white tablet, 3/16" diam. x 1/8"
1974 liquid LSD clear liquid
1974 powder LSD white powder
1974 gelatin LSD amber gelatin square, 3/32" x 3/32"
1974 tablet LSD,PCP brown tablet (70ug LSD/.6mg PCP)
1974* tablet No Drug Present indigo barrel, 1/8" diam. x 3/32"

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LSD Dosages
-----------
The basic dosages of acid vary according to what kind of acid is
available and what medium of ingestion is used. Chemically the potency of
LSD-25 is measured in micrograms, or mics. If you're chemically minded or
making your own acid, then computing the number of mics is very important.
Usually between 300 to 500 micrograms (mics) is plenty for a five to eight
hour trip, depending on quality, of course. I have heard of people taking
as much as 1500 to 2000 mics. This not only extremely dangerous, it is also
wasteful.
LSD comes packaged in many different forms. The proverbial sugar
cube is pretty passe', in the sense that other more feasible methods have
taken its place. The most common are listed below.
[1> The brown spot, or a piece of paper with a dried drop of LSD on it, is
always around. Usually one spot equals one trip.
[2> Capsuled acid is extremely tricky, as the cap can be almost any color,
size, and potency. Always ask what the acid is cut with, as a lot
of acid is cut with either speed or strychnine. Also note dosage.
[3> Small white or colored tablets have been known to contain acid, but,
as with the capsuled acid, it is impossible to tell potency, without
asking.
[4> I have heard about some characters who attempted to shoot acid. Shooting
any drug is a bad scene. Stay away from it. I cannot imagine what
their rush was like, but would certainly advise against this form of
drug abuse.
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LSD
---
I think, of all the drugs on the black market today, LSD is the most
interesting and the strangest. It is the most recent major drug to come to
life in the psychedelic subculture. Huxley experimented with mescaline many
years before psychedelics reached their mass-market proportions, but this
experimentation was not with the same frame of mind as these drugs are
handled today. Probably the great-granddaddy to the whole psychedelic
community was Antonin Artaud, who personally experimented with peyote in
Mexico. The difference between Huxley's and Artaud's experimentation was that
Huxley managed to keep his experiences under laboratory controls, which he set
up himself, whereas Artaud allowed his experiences to become part of his life.
Artaud was changed by his encounters with peyote, but is this bad? A dirty
shirt is also changed when it is washed. Through this change, Artaud was able
to see and understand ideas and concepts on a different level. He was able to
tear apart rationalizations, without regard for contemporary methods of
organization, or even contemporary versions of truth. Artaud found, in his
own way, his own truth and his own structure of values. They locked him up....
I died at Rodez under electroshock.
I died. Legally and medically dead.
Electroshock coma lasts fifteen minutes. A half an hour or more and
then the patient breathes.
Now one hour after the shock, I still had not awakened and had
stopped breathing. Surprised at my abnormal rigidity, an attendant had gone
to get the physician in charge, who, after examining me with a stethoscope,
found no more signs of life in me.
This passage is taken from The Artaud Anthology, published by City
Lights Publishers. I find it extremely difficult to throw this off as the
ravings of a madman for, if that be true, then there can be no truth, only
madness and sanity, logic and illogic. If one then accepts the acceptable, he
finds a narrow channel is clear, but the presence of illogic and the so-called
insanities will always pry and harp in the distance.
LSD has never caused insanity. It does not have that power. Only man
can distinguish between sanity and insanity. I have never seen an insane
bird. Granted there are some individuals who shouldn't take psychedelics, but
this is, and must be, their choice. All LSD does is allow a man to look upon
ordinary things, everyday things, and even on himself, many times for the
first time, with clarity of vision. He can look and not be hampered by false-
propped values and socially limited scope. He can look upon the world and see
beauty where it did not exist before. He can perceive the ugliness for the
first time. He can roar with laughter at the multitude of absurdities
surrounding him. He can look into himself and see truthfully the mildew and
the rot.
LSD cannot bring out latent qualities in your personality. It cannot
make you into a crazy, just as it cannot make you into a warmer, more
beautiful person. What LSD can do is show you what you as a person are
comprised of, and break down truthfully your make-up. LSD is not a religion,
and I've never found anything really divine about it at all. The real
religion, if you want to put it in those terms, is the being itself. LSD is
nothing more than a medium to discover the essence of being.
LSD, or acid, has been illegal for and last decade or so; therefore
it is readily available on the black market. When buying anything on the
black market, there are a couple of things to note, but these are especially
important with acid.
[1> Never buy from a stranger, or on the street.
[2> Never front money.
[3> If you are holding a large amount of money, do not go anywhere alone with
someone you do not trust. Many people who have got into dealing pot and
acid are, in reality, junkies.
[4> When going to make a deal for dope, do not take a weapon with you. This is
provoking violence and legal hassles. If you don't trust the guy, then
don't deal with him.
[5> Never buy a large quantity of any drug without first sampling it.
[6> When making a deal for acid and you are at the dealer's apartment, do not
accept food or drink from him; for the real acid may be in the food rather
than the cap you sample.
[7> Bad acid is nothing more than speed, or rat poison.
[8> A long time ago there was a substance called L.B.J. going around. If you
happen to come across it, do not buy it. L.B.J. is a mixture of acid,
belladonna, and heroin. It is the freakiest, worst, most fucked-up trip
you will ever go on. Belladonna in quantity is a deadly poison.
[9> About 99 percent of all of what is claimed to be T.H.C. (synthetic pot)
that is for sale on the street is not really T.H.C. at all. The expense of
making synthetic pot is said to be about $15 per capsule, and a capsule of
alleged T.H.C. usually sells on the street for about $3 - $6. Obviously
the vendors are either philanthropists (not likely) or they are selling
you something other than T.H.C.
[10> When buying grass, watch out for damp grass or grass sprayed with sugar,
as this adds a lot of weight to the dope.
[11> Another favorite con game is "in the front, out the back". This usually
occurs when your dealer tells you he is going up to an apartment to get
your stuff, but you have to front the money, and wait for him on the
street. You may be waiting a long time.
[12> Do not attempt to smuggle any drugs across the border from Mexico. The
federal government has imposed a crackdown and they're busting people
left and right.
************************************************

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MARIJUANA MYTHS
by Paul Hager
Hoosier Cannabis Re-legalization Coalition
1. Marijuana causes brain damage
The most celebrated study that claims to show brain damage
is the rhesus monkey study of Dr. Robert Heath, done in the late
1970s. This study was reviewed by a distinguished panel of
scientists sponsored by the Institute of Medicine and the
National Academy of Sciences. Their results were published under
the title, Marijuana and Health in 1982. Heath's work was
sharply criticized for its insufficient sample size (only four
monkeys), its failure to control experimental bias, and the
misidentification of normal monkey brain structure as "damaged".
Actual studies of human populations of marijuana users have shown
no evidence of brain damage. For example, two studies from 1977,
published in the Journal of the American Medical Association
(JAMA) showed no evidence of brain damage in heavy users of
marijuana. That same year, the American Medical Association
(AMA) officially came out in favor of decriminalizing marijuana.
That's not the sort of thing you'd expect if the AMA thought
marijuana damaged the brain.
2. Marijuana damages the reproductive system
This claim is based chiefly on the work of Dr. Gabriel
Nahas, who experimented with tissue (cells) isolated in petri
dishes, and with researchers who dosed animals with near-lethal
amounts of cannabinoids (i.e., the intoxicating part of
marijuana). Nahas' generalizations from his petri dishes to
human beings have been rejected by the scientific community as
being invalid. In the case of the animal experiments, the
animals that survived their ordeal returned to normal within 30
days of the end of the experiment. Studies of actual human
populations have failed to demonstrate that marijuana adversely
affects the reproductive system.
3. Marijuana is a "gateway" drug -- it leads to hard drugs
This is one of the more persistent myths. A real world
example of what happens when marijuana is readily available can
be found in Holland. The Dutch functionally decriminalized
marijuana in the 1970s. Since then, hard drug use -- heroin and
cocaine -- have DECLINED substantially. Even use of marijuana
has declined. If marijuana really were a gateway drug, one would
have expected use of hard drugs to have gone up. Actual studies
of hard drug "addicts" reveal that they start with alcohol or
tobacco more frequently than marijuana.
4. Marijuana suppresses the immune system
Like the studies claiming to show damage to the reproductive
system, this myth is based on studies where animals were given
extremely high doses of cannabinoids. These results have never
been duplicated in human beings. Interestingly, two studies done
in 1978 and one done in 1988 showed that hashish and marijuana
may have actually stimulated the immune system in the people
studied.
5. Marijuana is much more dangerous than tobacco
Smoked marijuana contains more carcinogens than does an
equivalent amount of tobacco (1.5 to 3 times). Marijuana,
however, unlike tobacco, actually dilates (enlarges) the air
passages in the lungs which promotes self-cleaning. This is one
reason why cannabis has been found useful in the past in treating
asthmatics. It should be remembered that a heavy tobacco smoker
consumes much more tobacco than a heavy marijuana smoker consumes
marijuana. Two other factors are important. The first is that
paraphernalia laws directed against marijuana users make it
difficult to smoke safely. These laws make water pipes and
bongs, which filter some of the carcinogens out of the smoke,
illegal and, hence, unavailable. The second is that, if
marijuana were legal, it would be more economical to have
cannabis drinks like bhang (a traditional drink in the Middle
East) or tea which are totally non-carcinogenic. This is in
stark contrast with "smokeless" tobacco products like snuff which
can cause cancer of the mouth and throat. Nicotine itself is
very toxic in even small quantities. In contrast, the
cannabinoids are relatively non-toxic. When all of these facts
are taken together, it can be clearly seen that the reverse is
true: marijuana is much SAFER than tobacco.
6. Legal marijuana would cause carnage on the highways
Although marijuana, when used to intoxication, does impair
performance in a manner similar to alcohol, actual studies of the
effect of marijuana on the automobile accident rate suggest that
it poses LESS of a hazard than alcohol. When a random sample of
fatal accident victims was studied, it was initially found that
marijuana was associated with RELATIVELY as many accidents as
alcohol. In other words, the number of accident victims
intoxicated on marijuana relative to the number of marijuana
users in society gave a ratio similar to that for accident
victims intoxicated on alcohol relative to the total number of
alcohol users. However, a closer examination of the victims
revealed that around 85% of the people intoxicated on marijuana
WERE ALSO INTOXICATED ON ALCOHOL. For people only intoxicated on
marijuana, the rate was much lower than for alcohol alone. This
would suggest that legal marijuana would not pose as serious a
hazard as legal alcohol.
NOTE: We of the HCRC believe that DUI laws pertaining to
driving under the influence of alcohol should apply to driving
under the influence of marijuana. We believe in the RESPONSIBLE
USE of marijuana, NOT IRRESPONSIBLE ABUSE.
7. Marijuana "flattens" human brainwaves
This is an out-and-out lie perpetrated by the Partnership
for a Drug-Free America. A few years ago, they ran a TV ad that
purported to show, first, a normal human brainwave, and second, a
flat brainwave from a 14-year-old "on marijuana". When
researchers called up the TV networks to complain about this
commercial, the Partnership had to pull it from the air. It
seems that the Partnership faked the flat "marijuana brainwave".
In reality, marijuana has the effect of slightly INCREASING alpha
wave activity. Alpha waves are associated with meditative and
relaxed states which are, in turn, often associated with human
creativity.
8. Marijuana impairs short-term memory
This is true but misleading. When one is intoxicated on
alcohol, one's motor control is affected. When one is
intoxicated on marijuana, one's concentration is affected. Any
impairment of short-term memory disappears when one is no longer
intoxicated. Often, the short-term memory effect is paired with
a reference to Dr. Heath's poor rhesus monkeys to imply that the
condition is permanent.
9. Marijuana lingers in the body like DDT
This is also true but misleading. Cannabinoids are fat
soluble as are innumerable nutrients and, yes, some poisons like
DDT. For example, the essential nutrient, Vitamin A, is fat
soluble but one never hears people who favor marijuana
prohibition making this comparison.
10. There are over a thousand chemicals in marijuana smoke
Again, true but misleading. The 31 August 1990 issue of the
magazine Science notes that of the over 800 volatile chemicals
present in roasted COFFEE, only 21 have actually been tested on
animals and 16 of these cause cancer in rodents. Yet, coffee
remains legal and is generally considered fairly safe.
11. No one has ever died of a marijuana overdose
This is true. It was put in to see if you are paying
attention. Animal tests have revealed that extremely high doses
of cannabinoids are needed to have lethal effect. This has led
scientists to conclude that the ratio of the amount of
cannabinoids necessary to get a person intoxicated (i.e., stoned)
relative to the amount necessary to kill them is 1 to 40,000. In
other words, to overdose, you would have to consume 40,000 times
as much marijuana as you needed to get stoned. In contrast, the
ratio for alcohol varies between 1 to 4 and 1 to 10. It is easy
to see how upwards of 5000 people die from alcohol overdoses
every year and no one EVER dies of marijuana overdoses.
Check us out
We believe that the truth is our strongest weapon. To date,
the prohibitionists have refused to meet us in public debate:
they fear the truth and know that they stand to lose in any
direct confrontation. They cower behind a wall of myths, lies,
and half truths. In the battles that lie ahead we will try to
flush the prohibitionists into the open. In order to be
successful in this goal, we will need to batter down the myths
and lies by giving our message the widest possible distribution.
Check us out. Listen to our Truth Squad, check our sources,
and ask us the tough questions. Examine our claims with a
skeptical, but open, mind. We feel that after looking at the
facts you will find it very hard to side with the prohibitionists
ever again.
We're looking for allies, declared or undeclared. Getting
the message out costs money. Our opponents dispose of literally
hundreds-of-millions of dollars. If you'd like to quietly donate
to the cause, send your contributions to the Hoosier Cannabis
Re-legalization Coalition at P.O. Box 5325, Bloomington, IN
47407. If you'd like to help in a more direct way contact me,
Paul Hager, at (812) 333-1384. Our meetings are open to the
public and we welcome new members. Contact us for more
information.
Sources
1) Marijuana and Health, Institute of Medicine, National
Academy of Sciences, 1982. Note: the Committee on Substance
Abuse and Habitual Behavior of the "Marijuana and Health"
study had its part of the final report suppressed when it
reviewed the evidence and recommended that possession of
small amounts of marijuana should no longer be a crime (TIME
magazine, July 19, 1982). The two JAMA studies are: Co,
B.T., Goodwin, D.W., Gado, M., Mikhael, M., and Hill, S.Y.:
"Absence of cerebral atrophy in chronic cannabis users",
JAMA, 237:1229-1230, 1977; and, Kuehnle, J., Mendelson,
J.H., Davis, K.R., and New, P.F.J.: "Computed tomographic
examination of heavy marijuana smokers", JAMA, 237:1231-
1232, 1977.
2) See Marijuana and Health, ibid., for information on this
research. See also, Marijuana Reconsidered (1978) by Dr.
Lester Grinspoon.
3) See "A Comparison of Marijuana Users and Non-users" by
Norman Zinberg and Andrew Weil (1971). This showed a
negative correlation between use of marijuana and use of
alcohol. A recent article about the Dutch experience is
written up in "The Economics of Legalizing Drugs", by
Richard J. Dennis, The Atlantic Monthly, Vol 266, No. 5, Nov
1990, p. 130.
4) See a review of studies and their methodology in "Marijuana
and Immunity", Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, Vol 20(1),
Jan-Mar 1988. Studies showing stimulation of the immune
system: Kaklamani, et al., "Hashish smoking and T-
lymphocytes", 1978; Kalofoutis et al., "The significance of
lymphocyte lipid changes after smoking hashish", 1978. The
1988 study: Wallace, J.M., Tashkin, D.P., Oishi, J.S.,
Barbers, R.G., "Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subpopulations
and Mitogen Responsiveness in Tobacco and Marijuana
Smokers", 1988, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, ibid.
5) For current information on cannabis drinks see Working Men
and Ganja: Marijuana Use in Rural Jamaica by M. C. Dreher,
Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1982, ISBN 0-89727-
025-8. For information on cannabis and actual cancer risk,
see Marijuana and Health, ibid.
6) For a survey of studies relating to cannabis and highway
accidents see "Marijuana, Driving and Accident Safety", by
Dale Gieringer, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, ibid.
7) For information about the Partnership ad, see Jack Herer's
book, The Emperor Wears No Clothes, 1990, p. 74. For
information on memory and the alpha brainwave enhancement
effect, see "Marijuana, Memory, and Perception", by R. L.
Dornbush, M.D., M. Fink, M.D., and A. M. Freedman, M.D.,
presented at the 124th annual meeting of the American
Psychiatric Association, May 3-7, 1971.
8) See Marijuana and Health, ibid. Also see "Marijuana,
Memory, and Perception", ibid.
9) The fat solubility of cannabinoids and certain vitamins is
well known. See Marijuana and Health, ibid. For some
information on vitamin A, see "The A Team" in Scientific
American, Vol 264, No. 2, February 1991, p. 16.
10) See "Too Many Rodent Carcinogens: Mitogenesis Increases
Mutagenesis", Bruce N. Ames and Lois Swirsky Gold, Science,
Vol 249, 31 August 1990, p. 971.
11) Cannabis and alcohol toxicity is compared in Marijuana
Reconsidered, ibid., p. 227. Yearly alcohol overdoses was
taken from "Drug Prohibition in the United States: Costs,
Consequences, and Alternatives" by Ethan A. Nadelmann,
Science, Vol 245, 1 September 1989, p. 943.

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How to make LSD
[All text used without permission
from the "Whole Drug Manufacturers Catalog"
Any typos are YOUR problem
For informational purposes only
I take NO responsibility for YOUR actions
Be careful --Ed.]
NOTE: the techniques described herein are potentially dangerous. It
is highly recommended that the physical and chemical properties of
the reagents used and the reactions employed be given further study
by persons unfamiliar with them. For the layman to attempt these
procedures without first thoroughly preparing himself is to invite
almost certain disaster. The publishers therefore disclaim
responsibility for any damage or injury resulting from the improper
handling of the chemicals and techniques described, and strongly
urge all persons unqualified to perform the reactions to use
extraction rather than synthesis.
#1: Kitchen chemistry
Extraction of LSA (Lysergic acid amide)
from Morning Glory (Ipomosea Purpurea) seeds
or Hawaiian Baby Wood Rose (Argyreia Nervosa) seeds
NOTE: Morning Glory seeds may be coated with a toxic chemical by
the seed company in order to prevent ingestion. If a packet of
seeds contains coated seeds this fact should be stated on the
container. Soaking the seeds in warm water for 1/2 hour and
rinsing in a strainer should remove this coating.
NOTE: while many varieties of morning glory contain the active LSA
(Lysergic acid amide), the yield varies greatly. Therefore, use
only Pearly Gates, Wedding Bells, and Heavenly Blue varieties for
best results.
Kitchen chemistry follows.
Materials: blender, funnel, filter paper, petroleum ether or
lighter fluid, methanol (wood alcohol), glass jar,
Pyrex baking dish
Grind Morning Glory or Hawaiian Baby Wood Rose seeds in a
blender until they are a fine powder, and spread them out to
dry.
Soak the powder with lighter fluid or petroleum ether. Cap
the container to avoid fumes, and don't smoke nearby, or
you'll be very sorry.
In a well-ventilated area (neither ether nor lighter fluid are
good for you), filter the solution through filter paper in a
funnel. Discard the filtrate (the liquid).
Dry mash completely.
Soak mash in methanol (wood alcohol) for 2 days. Be careful
-
its vapors are poisonous and may be explosive.
Filter, and save the filtrate.
Soak the mash in methanol again a further 2 days.
Filter. Discard the mash, save the filtrate.
Pour both filtrates into a large, flat dish and evaporate in
the absence of direct sunlight. Sunlight will break down the
LSA. Preferably, perform ALL procedures in a cool, well-
ventilated place away from sunlight.
After evaporation, a yellow gum will remain in the dish.
Scrape it up.
To dose on the LSA, add some harmless filler (starch, flour,
milk sugar) to the gum until it is not sticky. Put in gelatin
capsules or take as is. 30 g Morning Glory seeds or 15
Hawaiian Baby Woodrose seeds should make a goodly trip, so
adjust dosage accordingly.
If you want to turn LSA into LSD, you can [see below], but
it's MUCH more difficult and VERY unsafe.
#2: Extraction of Lysergic Acid Amides
Start with domestic Morning Glory seeds, the young seeds of
the Hawaiian Baby Wood Rose, cultured ergot or naturally
occurring ergot compounds.
NOTE: Morning Glory seeds may be coated with a toxic chemical by
the seed company in order to prevent ingestion. If a packet of
seeds contains coated seeds this fact should be stated on the
container. Soaking the seeds in warm water for 1/2 hour and
rinsing in a strainer should remove this coating.
NOTE: while many varieties of morning glory contain the active LSA
(Lysergic acid amide), the yield varies greatly. Therefore, use
only Pearly Gates, Wedding Bells, and Heavenly Blue varieties for
best results.
Reduce seed material to a fine powder in a blender, and spread
it out to dry. Grind again if not fine enough after the first
time due to dampness.
Saturate powdered seed material with lighter fluid, naphtha or
ligroine. When completely saturated, it should have the
consistency of soup.
Pour into a chromatography column and let it sit overnight.
Remove the fatty oils from the material by dripping the
solvent through the column slowly, and testing the liquid that
comes through for fats by evaporating a drop on clean glass
until it leaves no greasy film. (It should take several
ounces of solvent for each ounce of seeds).
Mix 9 volumes of chloroform with 1 volume of concentrated
ammonium hydroxide and shake in a separatory funnel. When it
settles, the chloroform layer will be on the bottom. Drain
the chloroform layer and discard the top layer.
Drip the chloroform wash through the column and save the
extract. test continuously by evaporating a drop on clean
glass until it ceases to fluoresce.
[It is NOT explicit in the source, but if extracting
from ergot, I would start with the ergot alkaloid base at
this point. --Ed.]
Evaporate the chloroform extracts, and dissolve the residue in
the minimum amount of a 3% tartaric acid solution. If all the
residue doesn't dissolve, place it into suspension by shaking
vigorously.
Color the solution with an acid base indicator, and titrate to
find the approximate number of moles of the alkaloid present.
Transfer the solution to a separatory funnel, and wash the
other vessel with acid in order to get all the alkaloid out.
Pour the washings in the funnel also.
Bring the pH up to make the solution basic by adding sodium
bicarbonate solution, and add an equal volume of chloroform.
Shake thoroughly, let it settle, remove the bottom layer and
set aside.
Again add an equal portion of chloroform, shake, let settle
and remove bottom layer.
Combine chloroform extracts (bottom layers) and evaporate.
The residue remaining after evaporation is a semi-pure
concentrate of LSA (lysergic acid amide). The amide requires
some experimentation for dosage, but 1 mg of the concentrate
is a reasonable starting point. 1 mg LSA will produce effects
comparable to 100 micrograms of LSD.
#3: Ergot culture
NOTE: contact with ergot compounds can be dangerous. Only after a
basic understanding of the techniques employed in the handling of
dangerous or poisonous organisms is reached should one proceed with
the culture of ergot.
The need for absolute sterility cannot be overstressed. Consult
any elementary text on bacteriology for the correct equipment and
procedures. Avoid prolonged contact with ergot compounds, as they
are poisonous and can be fatal.
A) Get a source for Claviceps Purpurea fungus
If no source can be found, you can make a field trip to obtain
it from rye or other cereal grasses. Rye grass is the best
choice. The ergot will appear as a blackish growth on the
tops of the rye where the seeds are. They are approximately
the same shape as the seeds and are referred to as "heads" or
"ergot". From these heads or ergot sprout the Claviceps
Purpurea fungi.
They have long stems and bulbous heads when viewed under a
strong glass or microscope. It is these that must be removed
from the ergot, free from contamination, and used to inoculate
the culture material.
B) Make a culture medium
Combine the following ingredients in about 500 ml distilled
water in a 2 L small-neck flask:
Sucrose 100 g
Chick pea meal 50 g
Calcium nitrate 1 g
Ca(NO3)2
Monopotassium phosphate 0.25 g
KH2PO4
Magnesium sulphate 0.25 g
MgSO4
Potassium chloride 0.125 g
KCl
Ferrous sulphate heptahydrate 8.34 mg
FeSO47H20
Zinc sulphate heptahydrate 3.44 mg
ZnSO47H20
Add water to make up one liter
Adjust to pH 4 with ammonia solution and citric acid
Sterilize by autoclaving
C) Make a culture
Inoculate the sterilized medium with Claviceps Purpurea under
sterile conditions, stopper with sterilized cotton and
incubate for two weeks, periodically testing and maintaining
pH 4. After two weeks a surface culture can be seen on the
medium. Large-scale production of the fungus can now begin.
D) Large-scale production
Obtain several ordinary 1 gallon jugs.
Place a two-hole stopper in the necks of the jugs.
Fit a short (6 inch) tube in one hole, leaving two inches
above the stopper. Fit a short rubber tube to this. Fill a
small (500 ml) Erlenmeyer flask with a dilute solution of
sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Extend a glass tube from the
rubber so the end is immersed in the hypochlorite.
Fit a long glass tube in the other stopper hole. It must
reach near the bottom of the jug and have about two inches
showing above the stopper. Attach a rubber tube to the glass
tube and fit a short glass tube to the end of the rubber tube.
Fill a large glass tube (1" x 6") with sterile cotton and fit
one-hole stoppers in the ends. Fit the small glass tube in
the end of the rubber tube into one stopper of the large tube.
Fit another small glass tube into the other stopper. A rubber
tube is connected to this and attached to small air pump
(obtained from a tropical fish store).
With this aeration equipment you can assure a supply of clean
air to the Claviceps Purpurea fungus while maintaining a
sterile environment inside the solution.
Dismantle the aerators. Place all the glass tubes, rubber
tubes, stoppers and cotton in a paper bag, seal tightly with
wire staples and sterilize in an autoclave.
Fill the 1-gallon jugs 2/3 to 3/4 full with the culture medium
and autoclave.
While these things are being sterilized, homogenize in a
blender the culture already obtained and use it to inoculate
the material in the gallon jugs. The blender must be sterile.
EVERYTHING must be sterile.
Assemble the aerators. Start the pumps. A slow bubbling in
each jug will provide enough oxygen to the cultures. A single
pump may be connected to several filters.
Let everything sit at room temperature (25 C) in a dark place
(never expose ergot alkaloids to bright light - they will
decompose) for a period of ten days.
After ten days, adjust the culture to 1% ethanol using 95%
ethanol under sterile conditions. Maintain growth for another
two weeks.
E) Extract ergot alkaloids
After a total of 24 days growth period, the culture should be
considered mature. Make the culture acidic with tartaric acid
and homogenize in a blender for one hour.
Adjust to pH 9 with ammonium hydroxide and extract with
benzene or chloroform/iso-butanol mixture.
Extract again with alcoholic tartaric acid and evaporate in a
vacuum to dryness.
The dry material is the salt (the tartaric acid salt, the
tartrate) of the ergot alkaloids, and is stored in this form
because the free basic material is too unstable and decomposes
readily in the presence of light, heat, moisture, and air.
To recover the free base for extraction of the amide or
synthesis to LSD, make the tartrate basic with ammonia to pH
9, extract with chloroform, and evaporate in vacuo.
#4: Synthesis of LSD from ergot alkaloids or LSA
(including sections on isomerization, separation,
purification & crystallization)
NOTE: the chemicals and reactions described below are potentially
dangerous even to an organic chemist in a well-equipped laboratory.
The publishers therefore disclaim responsibility for any damage or
injury resulting from the improper handling of the chemicals and
techniques described, and strongly urge all persons unqualified to
perform the reactions to use instead the comparatively easier,
safer ergot culture and LSA extraction process.
A) Synthesis of LSD
(iso- & dextro-lysergic acid diethylamide)
PREPARATORY: obtain one red and one yellow photographic safety
light and one weak, long-wave ultraviolet light. These are used to
prevent the hydrolysis of lysergic acid compounds.
NOTE: Aluminum foil must be used to cover the chemicals when light
is present. Rubber gloves must be worn; these compounds are
extremely poisonous.
[The source implies but does not state that one may replace
"ergot alkaloid" in the following with the seed-derived semi-
pure LSA concentrate from #2. --Ed.]
USING YELLOW LIGHT:
Place one volume of ergot alkaloid in a small roundbottom
flask. Add 2 volumes of anhydrous hydrazine and reflux for 30
minutes, or the mixture may be heated in a sealed tube at 112
Celsius for 30 minutes. If the reflux technique is used,
maintain atmospheric pressure by using an open container or
fractionating column.
After heating/refluxing, add 1.5 volumes of water to the
mixture and boil gently for 15 minutes. After boiling is
complete, cool the mixture in a refrigerator until
solidification. The solid material obtained is iso-lysergic
acid hydrazide.
USING RED LIGHT:
Chill all chemicals (reagents) to be used to 0 Celsius. Place
an open flask in an ice bath. Add 100 ml concentrated
hydrochloric acid (chilled to 0 C).
Quickly add 2.82 g of the lysergic acid hydrazide to the
hydrochloric acid, being careful to maintain a temperature of
0 Celsius.
Add 100 ml of a 0.1 N (1/10th Normal) solution of sodium
nitrite (chilled to 0 C) and stir vigorously for 3 minutes.
Continue stirring at 0 Celsius and add dropwise 130 ml of the
hydrochloric acid.
When the acid addition is complete, continue stirring for 5
minutes, then neutralize the solution with sodium bicarbonate,
using a saturated water solution of the bicarbonate.
Extract the solution with ether, remove the water layer, and
dissolve the gummy substance in ether. Add this to the ether
layer.
Add 3 g of diethylamine for every 30 ml of the ether extract.
Let this stand in the dark, and gradually warm up to 20
Celsius for at least 24 hours.
Evaporate this solution in a vacuum.
The material remaining is a mixture of the inactive
iso-lysergic acid diethylamide and the active lysergic acid
diethylamide (LSD-25). The inactive isomer must now be
converted (isomerized) to the active isomer to greatly
increase the yield, since the inactive compound predominates
in this synthesis.
B) Isomerization of iso-LSD into the active LSD-25
USING THE RED LIGHT:
Dissolve the synthesized material into the minimum amount of
ethyl alcohol.
Mix a 4 Normal solution of potassium hydroxide in ethanol.
The amount of solution needed is twice the volume of the
iso-LSD/ethanol solution.
Add the two solutions together and let the mixture sit for 4
hours at room temperature.
Neutralize the mixture with dilute hydrochloric acid, then
make it slightly basic with ammonium hydroxide.
Extract the mixture with chloroform, sparate the chloroform
layer, and extract this four times with a 25% volume of water.
Evaporate the chloroform in a vacuum. Discard the water
extracts. The material left after evaporation a mixture of
iso-LSD and LSD-25, the active LSD predominating.
The mixture may now be separated by chromatography and the
iso-LSD again isomerized by the above process.
C) Separation, purification & crystallization of LSD-25
USING A DARKROOM:
The material obtained from the isomerization process is now
dissolved in a solution prepared from 3 parts benzene/1 part
chloroform. Use 50 ml solvent per 1 gram LSD material.
Mix a slurry basic alumina in benzene. Pack it into a 1 inch
chromatoghraphy column until it fills 6 inches.
When the slurry settles, drain the benzene/chloroform down to
the level of the basic alumina, and carefully add an equal
amount of the LSD/solvent solution.
USING A WEAK, LONG-WAVE ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT:
(to follow the blue band only)
Drain the solution through the column. The fastest-moving,
blue fluorescent band contains the LSD-25. Collect this
fraction and evaporate in a vacuum. The syrup remaining will
crystallize spontaneously, but slowly. Do not heat.
Use the UV light only whe necessary to follow the blue band in
order to avoid decomposition of the compounds.
Dissolve the syrup or crystal in tartaric acid solution and
recrystallize to form the stable end-product (dextro lysergic
acid diethylamide tartrate).
The material remaining in the column may be removed with
methanol, evaporated in a vacuum, and recycled through the
isomerization and subsequent procedures by itself or combined
with fresh material.
Also, all leftover solutions and residues may be neutralized
with socium bicarbonate, evaporated in vacuo, and extracted
with ammoniacal chloroform, the extract evaporated to dryness,
and the residue reused.
#5: Preparation of lysergic acid from the amide
NOTE: this synthesis is as difficult and dangerous as the rest, and
is of use only if using one of the following two LSD synthesis
methods, which require lysergic acid as the starting compound. The
lysergic acid amide obtained from the extract of ergot or seeds
need not be converted to the acid prior to its use in the synthesis
of LSD providing that the synthesis used is #4 given above, and
giving the starting material "ergot alkaloid".
Dissolve 10 g lysergic acid amide in 200 ml methanolic
potassium hydroxide solution.
Remove the methanol by vacuum as soon as the amide is
dissolved.
Dissolve the residue which is left into 200 ml of an 8%
solution of potassium hydroxide in water.
Heat this mixture on a steam bath for 1 hour.
Pass a steam of nitrogen gas through the flask during the
heating process. (The ammonia which is evolved in the gas
stream may be titrated with hydrochloric acid in order to
follow the reaction.)
Neutralize the mixture with tartaric acid (neutral to congo
red) and run it through a filter paper.
Extract the mixture with ether in a separatory funnel. Save
the water layer, discard the ether layer.
Filter the solution through a filter paper and evaporate.
Upon evaporation, dry crystals of lysergic acid will be
obtained.
#6: Synthesis of LSD
using lysergic acid
the quickest way to make pure LSD-25
PREPARATORY: see #4
NOTE: The chemicals and techniques described are potentially
dangerous. It is highly recommended that the physical and chemical
properties of the reagents used be studied by those persons
unfamiliar with them before the synthesis is attempted.
USING THE YELLOW LIGHT:
5.36 g of d-lysergic acid are suspended in 125 ml
acetonitrile, and the suspension is cooled to about -20
Celsius in a bath of acetone cooled with dry ice.
To the suspension is added a cold (-20 C) solution of 8.82 g
of trifluoracetic anhydride in 75 ml acetonitrile. The
mixture is allowed to stand at -20 C for about 1 1/2 (one and
one-half) hours.
(During this time the suspended material dissolves and the
d-lysergic acid id converted to the mixed anhydride of
lysergic and trifluoracetic acids.)
The mixed anhydride can be separated in the form of an oil by
evaporating the solvent in vacuo at a temperature below about
0 Celsius.
Everything must be kept anhydrous.
USING THE RED LIGHT:
The solution of mixed anhydrides in acetonitrile from above is
added to 150 ml of acetonitrile containing 7.6 g of
diethylamine.
The mixture is held in the dark at room temperature for about
2 hours.
The acetonitrile is evaporated in vacuo, leaving a residue of
LSD-25 plus impurities.
The residue is dissolved in 150 ml of chloroform and 20 ml of
ice water.
The chloroform layer is removed and the aqueous layer is
extracted with several portions of chloroform. The chloroform
portions are are combined and, in turn, washed with four 50 ml
portions of ice-cold water.
The chloroform solution is then dried over anhydrous sodium
sulfate and evaporated in vacuo.
NOTE: following the completion of this synthesis, follow the
procedures described for separation, purification, and
crystallization of LSD-25. If a higher yield is desired, follow
the procedure on isomerization after doing the separation,
purification, and crystallization.
#7: Synthesis of LSD
using lysergic acid
high-yielding and fast
PREPARATORY: see #4
NOTE: The chemicals and techniques described are potentially
dangerous. It is highly recommended that the physical and chemical
properties of the reagents used be studied by those persons
unfamiliar with them before the synthesis is attempted.
NOTE: the following procedure gives good yield and is very fast,
with little iso-lysergic acid being produced. However, the
stoichiometry must be exact or yields will drop
USING WHITE LIGHT:
Sulfur trioxide is produced in an anhydrous state by carefully
decomposing anhydrous ferric sulfate at approximately 480
Celsius. Store under anhydrous conditions.
USING WHITE LIGHT:
A carefully-dried 22 liter RB flask fitted with an ice bath,
dropping funnel, and mechanical stirrer is charged with 10 to
11 liters of dimethylformamide (freshly distilled under
reduced pressure).
The condenser and dropping funnel are both protected against
atmospheric moisture.
2 lb. of sulfur trioxide (Sulfan B) are introduced dropwise,
very cautiously with stirring, during 4 to 5 hours. The
temperature is kept at 0-5 Celsius throughout the addition.
After the addition is complete, the mixture is stirred for 1
to 2 hours until some separated crystalline sulfur trioxide-
dimethylformamide complex has dissolved.
The reagent is transferred to an air-tight automatic pipette
for convenient dispensing, and kept in the cold. Although the
reagent, which is colorless, may change to yellow and red, its
efficiency remains unimpaired for three to four months in cold
storage.
An aliquot is dissolved in water and titrated with standard
NaOH to a phenolphthalein end point.
USING RED LIGHT:
A solution of 7.15 g of d-lysergic acid monohydrate (25 mmol)
and 1.06 g of lithium hydroxide hydrate (25 mmol) in 200 L of
MeOH is prepared.
The solvent is distilled on the steam bath under reduced
pressure.
The residue of glass-like lithium lysergate is dissolved in
400 ml of anhydrous dimethyl formamide.
From this solution, about 200 ml of the dimethyl formamide is
distilled off at 15mm pressure through a 12-inch helices
packed column.
The resulting anhydrous solution of lithium lysergate left
behind is cooled to 0 Celsius and, with stirring, treated
rapidly with 500 ml of SO3DMF solution (1.00 Molar).
The mixture is stirred in the cold for 10 minutes and then
9.14 g (125.0 mmol) of diethylamine is added.
The stirring and cooling are continued for 10 minutes longer,
when 400 ml of water is added to decompose the reaction
complex.
After mixing thoroughly, 200 ml of saturated aqueous saline
solution is added. The amide product is isolated by repeated
extraction with 500 ml portions of ethylene dichloride.
The combined extract is dried and then concentrated to a syrup
under reduced pressure. Do not heat the syrup during
concentration. The LSD may crystallize out, but the crystals
and the mother liquor may be chromatographed according to the
instructions in the synthesis of LSD #4.
X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X
Another file downloaded from: The NIRVANAnet(tm) Seven
& the Temple of the Screaming Electron Taipan Enigma 510/935-5845
Burn This Flag Zardoz 408/363-9766
realitycheck Poindexter Fortran 510/527-1662
Lies Unlimited Mick Freen 801/278-2699
The New Dork Sublime Biffnix 415/864-DORK
The Shrine Rif Raf 206/794-6674
Planet Mirth Simon Jester 510/786-6560
"Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
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**********************************************************************
H O W T O M A K E C O C A I N E
**********************************************************************
BROUGHT TO YOU BY: CUBE 1994-05-04
**********************************************************************
Welcome to the complete guide of how to make cocaine. If you do
everything right you are going to be king of the world, either in your
own world or in the real world. Please read the disclaimer at the end of
this text.
Now, let's get to action!
The basic formula for cocaine starts by purchasing or making tropinine,
converting the tropinone into 2-carbomethoxytropinone (also known as
methyl-tropan-3-one-2-carboxylate), reducing this to ecgonine,
and changing that to cocaine.
Succindialdehyde. This can be purchased, too. 23.2 g of succinaldoxime
powder in 410 ml of 1 N sulfuric acid and add dropwise with stirring at
0* a solution of 27.6 g of sodium nitrite in 250 ml of water over
3 hours. After the addition, stir and let the mixture rise to room temp
for about 2 hours, taking care not to let outside air into the reaction.
Stir in 5 g of Ba carbonate and filter. Extract the filtrate with ether
and dry, evaporate in vacuo to get the succindialdehyde. This was t
aken from JOC, 22, 1390 (1957). To make succinaldoxime, see JOC, 21,
644 (1956).
Complete Synthesis of Succindialdehyde. JACS, 68, 1608 (1946). In a 2 liter
3 necked flask equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, and an addition
funnel, is mixed 1 liter of ethanol, 67 g of freshly distilled pyrrole, and
141 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Heat to reflux until dissolved, add
106 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate in small portions as fast as reaction
will allow. Reflux for 24 hours and filter the mixture. Evaporate the
filtrate to dryness under vacuo. Take up the residue in the minimum amount
of boiling water, decolorize with carbon, filter and allow to recrystallize
in refrigerator. Filter to get product and concentrate to get additional
crop. Yield of succinaldoxime powder is a little over 40 g, mp is 171-172*.
5.8 g of the above powder is placed in a beaker of 250 ml capacity and
54 ml of 10% sulfuric acid is added. Cool to 0* and add in small portions
of 7 g of sodium nitrite (if you add the nitrite too fast, nitrogen dioxide
fumes will evolve). After the dioxime is completely dissolved, allow the
solution to warm to 20* and effervescence to go to completion. Neutralize
the yellow solution to litmus by adding small portions of barium carbonate.
Filter off the barium sulfate that precipitates. The filtrate is 90% pure
succindialdehyde and is not purified further for the reaction to create
tropinone. Do this procedure 3 more times to get the proper amount for the
next step, or multiply the amounts given by four and proceed as described
above.
Take the total amount of succinaldehyde (obtained from 4 of the above
syntheses combined) and without further treatment or purification (this had
better be 15.5 g of succindialdehyde) put into an Erlenmeyer flask of
4-5 liters capacity. Add 21.6 g of methylamine hydrochloride, 46.7 g of
acetonedicarboxylic acid, and enough water to make a total volume of 2
liters. Adjust the pH to 8-10 by slowly adding a saturated solution of
disodium phosphate. The condensate of this reaction (allow to set for
about 6 days) is extracted with ether, the ethereal solution is dried
over sodium sulphate and distilled, the product coming over at 113* at
25 mm of pressure is collected. Upon cooling, 14 g of tropinone
crystallizes in the pure state.
2-Carbomethoxytropinone. A mixture of 1.35 g of sodium methoxide
(this is sodium in a minimum amount of methanol), 3.5 g of tropinone,
4 ml of dimethylcarbonate and 10 ml of toluene is refluxed for 30 min.
Cool to 0* and add 15 ml of water that contains 2.5 g of ammonium chloride.
Extract the solution after shaking with with four 50 ml portions of
chloroform, dry, evaporate the chloroform in vacuo. Dissolve the oil
residue in 100 ml of ether, wash twice with a mixture of 6 ml of
saturated potassium carbonate and three ml of 3 N KOH. Dry and evaporate
in vacuo to recover the unreacted tropinone. Take up the oil in a solution
of aqueous ammonium chloride and extract with chloroform, dry, and evaporate
in vacuo to get an oil. The oil is dissolved in hot acetone, cool, and
scratch inside of flask with glass rod to precipitate
2-carbomethoxytropinone. Recrystallize 16 g of this product in 30 ml of hot
methyl acetate and add 4 ml of cold water and 4 ml of acetone. Put in
freezer for 2 1/2 to 3 hours. Filter and wash the precipitate with cold
methyl acetate to get pure product.
Methylecgonine. 0.4 mole of tropinone is suspended in 80 ml of ethanol
in a Parr hydrogenation flask (or something that can take 100 psi and not
react with the reaction, like stainless steel or glass). 10 g of Raney
Nickle is added with good agitation (stirring or shaking) followed by
2-3 ml of 20% NaOH solution. Seal vessel, introduce 50 psi of hydrogen
atmosphere (after flushing vessel with hydrogen) and heat to 40-50*.
After no more uptake of hydrogen (pressure gauge will hold steady after
dropping to its lowest point) bleed off pressure and filter the nickle off,
rinse out bottle with chloroform and use this rinse to rinse off the nickle
while still on the filter paper. Make the filtrate basic with KOH after
cooling to 10*. Extract with chloroform dry, and evaporate the chloroform
in vacuo to get an oil. Mix the oil plus any precipitate with an equal
volume of dry ether and filter. Add more dry ether to the filtrate until
no more precipitate forms, filter and add to the rest of the precipetate.
Recrystallize from isopropanol to get pure methylecgonine. Test for activity.
If active, skip down to the step for cocaine. If not active, proceed as
follows. Stir with activated carbon for 30 min, filter, evaporate in vacuo,
dissolve the brown liquid in methanol, and neutralize with 10% HCl acid in
dry ether. Evaporate the ether until the two layers disappear, and allow to
stand for 2 hours at 0* to precipitate the title product. There are many
ways to reduce 2-carbomethoxytropinone to methylecgonine. I chose to design
a Raney Nickle reduction because it is cheap and not as suspicious as LAH
and it is much easier than zinc or sodium amalgams.
Cocaine. 4.15 g of methylecgonine and 5.7 g of benzoic anhydride in 150 ml
of dry benzene are gently refluxed for 4 hours taking precaution against
H20 (the 2 should be on a lower level) in the air (drying tube). Cool in an
ice bath, acidify carefully with hydrochloric acid, dry, and evaporate in a
vacuum to get a red oil which is treated with a little portion of isopropanol
to precipitate cocaine.
As you can see, this is quite a chore. The coca leaves give ecgonine, which
as you can see, is only a jump away from cocaine. If you can get egconine,
then dissolve 8 1/2 g of it in 100 ml of ethanol and pass (bubble) dry HC1
gas through this solution for 30 min. Let cool to room temp and let stand
for another 1 1/2 hours. Gently reflux for 30 min and evaporate in vacuo.
Basify the residue oil with NaOH and filter to get 8.4 g of methylecgonine,
which is converted to cocaine as in the cocain step above.
Below is given a somewhat easier method of producing tropinone by the
general methods of Willstatter, who was instrumental in the first synthetic
production of cocaine and several other alkaloids. After reviewing this
method, I found it to be simpler than the above in many respects.
Tropinone. 10 g of pyrrolidinediethyl diacetate are heated with 10 g of
cymene and 2 g of sodium powder, the reaction taking place at about 160*.
During the reaction (which is complete in about 10 min) the temp should not
exceed 172*. The resulting reaction product in dissolved in water, then
saturated with potassium carbonate, and the oil, which separates, is boiled
with dilute sulfuric acid. 2.9 g of tropinone picrate forms and is filtered.
Here are two more formulas devised by Willstatter that produce tropinone
from tropine. Take note of the yield differences.
Tropinone. To a solution of 25 g tropine, dissolved in 10 times its weight
of 20% sulfuric acid are added 25 g of a 4% solution of potassiumpermanganate
in 2 or 3 g portions over 45 min while keeping the temp at 10-12*. The
addition of permanganate will cause heat (keep the temp 10-12*) and
precipitation of manganese dioxide. The reaction mixture is complete in
1 hour. A large excess of NaOH is added and the reaction is steam distilled
until 1 liter of distillate has been collected. The tropinone is
isolated as the dibenzal compound by mixing the distillate with 40 g of
benzaldehyde in 500 cc of alcohol and 40 of 10% sodium hydroxide solution.
Let stand several days to get dibenzaltropinone as yellow needles.
Yield: 15.5 g, 28%. Recrystallize from ethanol to purify.
Tropinone. A solution of 12 g of chromic acid in the same amount of
water (12 g) and 60 g of glacial acetic acid is added dropwise with stirring
over a period of 4 hours to a solution of 25 g of tropine in 500 cc of
glacial acetic acid that has been warmed to 60-70* and is maintained at this
temp during the addition. Heat the mixture for a short time on a steam bath
until all the chromic acid has disappeared, cool and make strongly alkaline
with NaOH. Extract with six 500 cc portions of ether and evaporate the ether
in vacuo to get an oil that crystallizes readily. Purify by convering to the
picrate or fractionally distill, collecting the fraction at 224-225* at
714 mm vacuo.
The tropinones can be used in the above formula (or in a formula that you
have found elsewhere) to be converted to cocaine. Remember to recrystallize
the 2-carbomethoxytropinone before converting to methylecgonine.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
This text is spread for informational purpose only. I am not responsible
if someone is injured while using this information. After all, information
wants to be free.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

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******NOTICE: This File is Pure Bullshit. If you make this stuff, and take
it, you will probably end up killing yourself.******
MAKING LSD
------ ---
Common LSD, being of the strangest drugs, available to people on the
black market, is not too hard to make in your average run-of-the-mill
kitchen. LSD (Lysergic acid Diethylamide) is a complex organic mixure that
gives some people (most) a trip to the moon or other nearby celestial
body.
ITEMS NEEDED:
----- ------
1-About 200-250 grams of MORNING GLORY SEEDS or BAY HAWAIIAN WOOD ROSE
SEEDS. The Morning Glory seeds can be obtained at most plant nurseries.
2-200 cc. of petroleum ether
3-Small piece of window screen or a strainer
4-A couple of large glasses
5-cookie tray (an old one, never to be used again)
6-260 cc. of wood alcohol (call your local drug store).
7-Capsule containers (jel)
=========================================================================
Let's get started:
1. Grind up about 170 grams of Morning Glory Seeds.
2. In 145 cc. of petroleum ether, soak the seeds for two or three days.
3. With screen, filter the liquid thru it and save the seed mush and
allow it to dry completely.
4. Let the mush soak in 130 cc. of
wood alcohol.
5. Filter solution again only. Save the liquid in a large glass jar.
6. Soak the seed mush again in 130 cc. of wood alcohol for two more days.
7. Filter out the mush and keep the liquid. Now, get the liquid that was
saved in step 5.
8. Now, pour both liquids in a cookie tray and let it dry.
9. When all the liquid has dried, a yellowish gummy looking substance will
appear on the cookie sheet.
10. Take the yellow gum and put this into capsules.
=========================================================================
You can get the capsules just by buying something like DEXITRIM or some
other pill. Even CONTACT comes in jel capsules. Just empty them out and
put the yellow gum in the capsules. Allow the capsules to sit over night
for best results.
34 Grams of morning glory=1 trip to da moon
18 Grams of hawaiian wood=Another trip to da moon

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====================
= MAKING LSD =
====================
LSD, being of the strangest drugs, is available to people on the black
market, is not too hard to make in your average run-of-the-mill kitchen.
LSD (LySergic acid Diethylamide) is a complex organic mixture that gives
some people (most)
================================
Making LSD: ITEMS NEEDED:
1-About 200-250 grams of MORNIGLOR SEEDS or BAY HAWAIIAN OOD ROSE SEEDS.
The Morning Glory Seeds can be obtained at most plant nurseries.
2-200 cc. of petroleum ether
3-Small piece of window screen or a strainer.
4-A couple of large glasses.
5-One cookie try (old on to never be used again).
6-260 cc. of wood alcohol (call your local drug store).
7-Capsule containers (jel)
================================
Lets get started:
1. Grind up about 170 grams of Morning Glory Seeds.
2. In 145 cc of petroleum ether, soak the seeds for two or three days.
3. With screen, filter the liquid thru it and save the seed mush and allow
it to dry completely.
4. Let the mush soak in 130 cc. of wood alcohol.
5. Filter solution again only. Save the liquid in a large glass jar.
6. Soak the seed mush again in 130 cc. of wood alcohol for two more days.
7. Filter out the mush and keep the liquid. Now, get the liquid that was
saved in step 5.
8. Now, pour both liquids in a cookie tray and let it dry.
9. When all the liquid has dried, a yellowish gummy looking substance will
appear on the cookie sheet.
10. Take the yellow gum and put these in to capsules.
================================
You can get the capsules just by buying something like DEXITREM or some other
pill. Even CONTACT comes in jel capsules. Just empty them out and
put the yellow gum in the capsules. Allow the capsules to sit over night
for best results.
1 Trip:
34 Grams of morning glory
18 Grams of hawaiian wood
================================

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Manufacture of "Ecstacy"
from Chemical Abstracts 52, 11965 (1958)
For Informational Purposes Only. The authors & distributors
do not advocate the use of illegal drugs and assume no liability
for the use or misuse of this information . The procedures described
are dangerous and should not be attempted by persons inexperienced
in Organic Laboratory techniques.
This formula is exemplified for MDA (3,4-Methylenedioxy-
phenylisopropylamine); substituting N-methyl formamide
results in MDMA or N-methyl MDA (Ecstacy).
To a cooled mixture of 34 g 30% H2O2 and 150 g formic acid, add
dropwise a solution of 32.4 g (0.2M) isosafrole in 120 ml acetone,
(keep temperature below 30 degrees) Let stand twelve hours and
evacuate in vacuum. Add 60 ml methanol and 369 g 15% sulfuric
acid to the residue and heat on a water bath three hours. Cool,
extract with ether or benzene and evaporate in vacuum the extract
to give 20 g 3,4,-methylenedioxybenzylmethyl ketone.
Add 23 g of above ketone to 65 g formamide and heat at 190 degrees
for five hours. Cool, add 100 ml H2o2, extract with benzene and
evaporate in vacuum the extract. Add 8 ml methanol and 57 ml 15%
HCL to residue, heat on water bath two hours and evaporate in
vacuum (or basify with KOH and extract the oil with benzene and dry,
evaporate in vacuum) to get 11.7 g MDA.
The above occurs as a yellowish brown oil; this is active orally,
but somewhat inconvenient; to convert to powder (salt) form, reflux
in Hydrochloric acid and evaporate.
Safrole, an allyl benzene, occurs naturally in oil of sassafras,
about 70%. Can be extracted with simple distillation. It is con-
verted to isosafrole (a propenyl benzene) by adding equal weight
of KOH flakes and absolute ethanol and heating on steam bath or
refluxing for 24 hours; dried and evaporated in vacuum or added
with two time its volume in water and extracted with ether or
methylene chloride and dried, evaporated in vacuum. Hexane is used
for recrystalization.
Formamide and N-methyl formamide are closely watched by the DEA.
Many people have been busted by small suppliers where it was easy
to get; those are "sting" operations that tail the buyer home.
Show this to one of your Chem major pals.
Another file downloaded from:
!
-$- & the Temple of the Screaming Electron
! * Walnut Creek, CA
+ /^\ |
! | |/\/^\ _^_ 2400/1200/300 baud (415) 935-5845
/^\ / @ | \/_-_\ Jeff Hunter, Sysop
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|___/_\___|_|_|_(_)_| Aaaaaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee! /
Specializing in conversations, E-Mail, obscure information,
entertainment, the arts, politics, futurism, thoughtful discussion,
insane speculation, and wild rumours. An ALL-TEXT BBS.
"Raw Data for Raw Nerves."

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Manufacture of "Ecstacy"
from Chemical Abstracts 52, 11965 (1958)
For Informational Purposes Only. The authors & distributors
do not advocate the use of illegal drugs and assume no liability
for the use or misuse of this information . The procedures described
are dangerous and should not be attempted by persons inexperienced
in Organic Laboratory techniques.
This formula is exemplified for MDA (3,4-Methylenedioxy-
phenylisopropylamine); substituting N-methyl formamide
results in MDMA or N-methyl MDA (Ecstacy).
To a cooled mixture of 34 g 30% H2O2 and 150 g formic acid, add
dropwise a solution of 32.4 g (0.2M) isosafrole in 120 ml acetone,
(keep temperature below 30 degrees) Let stand twelve hours and
evacuate in vacuum. Add 60 ml methanol and 369 g 15% sulfuric
acid to the residue and heat on a water bath three hours. Cool,
extract with ether or benzene and evaporate in vacuum the extract
to give 20 g 3,4,-methylenedioxybenzylmethyl ketone.
Add 23 g of above ketone to 65 g formamide and heat at 190 degrees
for five hours. Cool, add 100 ml H2o2, extract with benzene and
evaporate in vacuum the extract. Add 8 ml methanol and 57 ml 15%
HCL to residue, heat on water bath two hours and evaporate in
vacuum (or basify with KOH and extract the oil with benzene and dry,
evaporate in vacuum) to get 11.7 g MDA.
The above occurs as a yellowish brown oil; this is active orally,
but somewhat inconvenient; to convert to powder (salt) form, reflux
in Hydrochloric acid and evaporate.
Safrole, an allyl benzene, occurs naturally in oil of sassafras,
about 70%. Can be extracted with simple distillation. It is con-
verted to isosafrole (a propenyl benzene) by adding equal weight
of KOH flakes and absolute ethanol and heating on steam bath or
refluxing for 24 hours; dried and evaporated in vacuum or added
with two time its volume in water and extracted with ether or
methylene chloride and dried, evaporated in vacuum. Hexane is used
for recrystalization.
Formamide and N-methyl formamide are closely watched by the DEA.
Many people have been busted by small suppliers where it was easy
to get; those are "sting" operations that tail the buyer home.
Show this to one of your Chem major pals.
X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X
Another file downloaded from: The NIRVANAnet(tm) Seven
& the Temple of the Screaming Electron Taipan Enigma 510/935-5845
Burn This Flag Zardoz 408/363-9766
realitycheck Poindexter Fortran 510/527-1662
Lies Unlimited Mick Freen 801/278-2699
The New Dork Sublime Biffnix 415/864-DORK
The Shrine Rif Raf 206/794-6674
Planet Mirth Simon Jester 510/786-6560
"Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X

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Newsgroups: alt.drugs
recently i had a day off from work and decided to spend it
experimenting with mandrake root. Mandrake contains scopalamine,
which is (along with atropine) also found in thorn apple/belladonna.
both were commonly used in 'witches potions' to induce out of body
experiences, so my plan was to try to leave my body. these drugs
are known to cause some unpleasant (but, i thought, hallucinogenic)
effects.
well, because a housemate had tried mandrake last year at a
certain dosage with no effects noticable enough to count, i decided
to make a much stronger tea with it. it is mind-bogglingly bitter,
and because i mixed moleasses with it for sweetness, the tastes are
associated for me and i can't stand even the smell of molasses anymore.
i made about 1.5-2 pts of tea with around 6 tablespoons of mandrake.
drank a bunch, nothing. drank another glass. felt some vague feelings,
thought 'maybe it's coming on' and lay down to focus on it. it faded
in around ten minutes
so i drank more. i played tag like this with vague effects for a while,
taking huge gulps in an attempt to get strong effects from it. eventually
i quit, and went out for dinner. i felt no effects.
as soon as i ate a medium-sized meal, my stomach began to hurt.
i lay in bed for a while, feeling like i had indigestion. well, that feeling
turned into the most horrific drug experience i can even imagine having.
it did not involve any alteration of consciousness except that caused by the
waves of cold chills, the protracted vomiting fits which dredged up stuff
i'd eaten 8 or more hours earlier, and the diaherria which shortly consisted
solely of yellowish water. for close to 10 hours all i could do was lay
shivering under tons o' quilts, crawl to the bathroom to puke up clots of
fairly-well-digested food and quarts of water i'd been drinking to keep
hydrated, and shit water. i almost had someone take me to the hospital,
even knowing how barbaric they are there about drugs (they tried to help
a friend who was freaking out on mushrooms and made the mistake of going
there by interrogating her for almost an hour about where she got the shrooms)
eventually my girlfriend found a reference to mandrake which said
it could be used as an emetic, a very powerful emetic, and not to usde it
since other less dangerous herbs give the same effects. they said, if you
were driven for some reason to use it, to make a tea approx. 1/6 the
strength of the one i'd made, and sip a tablespoon an hour for four hours.
holy shit i drank about two pints o the shit!
moral of the story: stick to legit, illegal drugs.

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From Legal Highs by The Twentieth Century Alchemist, published sometime in the
early 1970's:
DANGEROUS COMBINATIONS
Unless one is very experienced in pharmacology, it is unwise to
experiment with combinations of drugs. Even when using a single drug, thought
should be given to all substances, both food and drug, which have been taken
recently. Most primitive people fast or at least abstain from certain
substances for several days prior to taking a sacrament. Substances most
universally avoides are alcohol, coffee, meat, fat and salt. Some drugs
potentiate others. For example, atropine will increase the potency of
mescaline, harmine, cannabis and the opiates. Many of the substances
discussed in this book are MAO inhibitors. MAO (monoamine oxidase) is and
enzyme produced in the body which breaks down certain amines and renders them
harmless and ineffective. An MAO inhibitor interferes with the protective
enzyme and leaves the body vulnerable to these amines. A common substance
such as tyramine, which is usually metabolized with little or no
pharmacological effect, may become dangerous in the presence of an MAO
innhibitor and cause headache, stiff neck, cardiovascular difficulties, and
even death. MAO inhibitors may intensify and prolong the effects of other
drugs (CNS depressants, narcotic analgesics, anticholinergics, dibenzazepine
antidepressants, etc.) by interfering with their metabolism. In the presence
of an MAO inhibitor many substances which are ordinarily non-active because of
their swift metabolism may become potent psychoactive drugs. This phenomenon
may creat a new series of mind alterants. However, because of the complex and
precarious variables involved, it is risky and foolish for anyone to
experiment with these possibilities on the non-professional level.
The most commonly used MAO inhibitors include hydrazines such as
iproniazid, Marsilid, Marplan, Niamid, Nardil, Catron; also non-hydrazines
such as propargylamines, cyclopropylamines, aminopyrazine derivatives,
indolealkylamines, and carbolines. MAO inhibiting materials discussed in this
book include yohimbine, various tryptamines, especially 5-MeO-DMT and the
alpha-methyltryptamines, and the various harmala alkaloids. The latter are
especially potent inhibitors, but, like yohimbine and the tryptamines, are
short-lasting in action (30 minutes to several hours). Some of the commercial
MAO inhibitors listed above are effective for several days to several weeks.
Among the material which may be dangerous in combination with MAO
inhibitors are sedatives, tranquilizers, antihistamines, narcotics and
alcohol--any of which can cause hypotensive crises (severe blood pressure
drop); and amphetamines (even diet pills), mascaline, asarone, nutmeg (active
doses), macromerine, ephedrine, oils of dill, parsley or wild fennel, beer,
wine, cocoa, aged cheeses and other tyrosine-containing foods (tyrosine is
converted to tyramine by bacteria in the bowel)--any of which can cause
hypertensive crises (severe blood pressure rise).
X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X
Another file downloaded from: The NIRVANAnet(tm) Seven
& the Temple of the Screaming Electron Taipan Enigma 510/935-5845
Burn This Flag Zardoz 408/363-9766
realitycheck Poindexter Fortran 510/527-1662
Lies Unlimited Mick Freen 801/278-2699
The New Dork Sublime Biffnix 415/864-DORK
The Shrine Rif Raf 206/794-6674
Planet Mirth Simon Jester 510/786-6560
"Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
X-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-X

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From: verdant@titan.ucs.umass.edu (Sol Lightman)
Newsgroups: alt.drugs
Subject: Mary Jane, Tobacco, & cigarettes (was FUCK NICOTINE)
Summary: Info on comparison of MJ and tobacco; cigarette additives
Message-ID: <1jcc8kINNn7u@titan.ucs.umass.edu>
Date: 17 Jan 93 19:32:36 GMT
Organization: University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Lines: 277
The following is the text of a pamphlet I wrote for an organization
at UMASS amherst
It is an attempt to point out some of the absurdities in the marijuana-
is-bad-for-you-like-cigarettes bullshit, as well as take a few cheap
(but well aimed) shots at the tobacco industry.
It is written from a pro-marijuana-relegalization perspective,
and if you want a copy, mail us a Self Addressed Stamped Envelope.
(we're poor.)
ATTN! to those who were wondering earlier about cigarrette additives.
data on government lists of additives enclosed.
If any mistakes are present, do point out.
(see "fuck nicoteen")
An address and some sources are at the end.
So, you thought it was the tar that caused cancer...
Think again. Cigarette companies will have you believing
anything just as long as you continue to buy their products. The
fact is, although insoluble tars are a contributing factor to the
lung cancer danger present in today's cigarettes, the real danger
is radioactivity. According to U.S. Surgeon General C. Everette
Koop (on national television, 1990) radioactivity, not tar,
accounts for at least 90% of all smoking related lung cancer.
Tobacco crops grown in the United States are fertilized by law
with phosphates rich in radium 226. In addition, many soils have
a natural radium 226 content. Radium 226 breaks down into two long
lived 'daughter' elements -- lead 210 and polonium 210. These
radioactive particles become airborne, and attach themselves to the
fine hairs on tobacco leaves.
Studies have shown that lead 210 and polonium 210 deposits
accumulate in the bodies of people exposed to cigarette smoke.
Data collected in the late 1970's shows that smokers have three
times as much of these elements in their lower lungs as non
smokers. Smokers also show a greater accumulation of lead 210 and
polonium 210 in their skeletons,though no studies have been
conducted to link these deposits with bone cancer. Polonium 210 is
the only component of cigarette smoke which has produced tumors by
itself in inhalation experiments with animals.
When a smoker inhales tobacco smoke, the lungs react by
forming irritated areas in the bronchi. All smoke produces this
effect. However, although these irritated spots are referred to as
'pre-cancerous' lesions, they are a perfectly natural defense
system and usually go away with no adverse effects. Insoluble tars
in tobacco smoke can slow this healing process by adhering to
lesions and causing additional irritation. In addition, tobacco
smoke causes the bronchi to constrict for long periods of time,
which obstructs the lung's ability to clear itself of these
residues.
Polonium 210 and lead 210 in tobacco smoke show a tendency to
accumulate at lesions in specific spots, called bifurcations, in
the bronchi. When smoking is continued for an extended period of
time, deposits of radioactivity turn into radioactive 'hot spots'
and remain at bifurcations for years. Polonium 210 emits highly
localized alpha radiation which has been shown to cause cancer.
Since polonium 210 has a half life of 21.5 years, it can put an
ex-smoker at risk for years after he or she quits. Experiments
measuring the level of polonium 210 in victims of lung cancer found
that the level of 'hot spot' activity was virtually the same in
smokers and ex-smokers even though the ex-smokers had quit five
years prior to death.
Over half of the radioactive materials emitted by a burning
cigarette are released into the air, where they can be inhaled by
non-smokers. In addition to lead 210 and polonium 210 it has been
proven that tobacco smoke can cause airborne radioactive particles
to collect in the lungs of both smokers and non-smokers exposed to
second hand smoke. Original studies conducted on uranium miners
which showed an increased risk of lung cancer due to exposure to
radon in smokers have been re-run to evaluate the radioactive lung
cancer risk from indoor air radon. It turns out that tobacco smoke
works as a kind of 'magnet' for airborne radioactive particles,
causing them to deposit in your lungs instead of on furniture.
(Smoking indoors increases lung cancer risks greatly.)
It has been estimated that the total accumulated alpha
radiation exposure of a pack-a-day indoor smoker is 38 to 97 rad by
age 60. (Two packs a day yields up to 143 rad, and non-smokers
receive no more than 17 rad.) An exposure of 1 rad per year yields
a 1% risk of lung cancer (at the lowest estimate.)
Don't smoke. Or if you do, smoke lightly, outdoors, and
engage frequently in activities which will clear your lungs.
Imported India tobacco has less than half the radiation content of
that grown in the U.S.
Kicking the nicotine habit is not easy, and nobody has the
right to expect it of you. Often physical addictions are
reinforced by emotional and psychological needs. Filling or coming
to terms with those needs can give you the inspiration and added
freedom to succeed.
Most of all, inform yourself, even if the information is
disturbing. You are a lot less likely to be taken in by tobacco
advertising once you know the facts.
Nicotine, the active ingredient in tobacco smoke, has long
been known to be highly addictive. In fact, doctors and
pharmacologists are not in consensus as to which is more addictive
-- nicotine, or heroin. Physical addiction occurs when a chemical
becomes essential for the body or metabolism to function. In other
words, a substance is said to be physically addictive if extended
use results in a build up of tolerance in the body to the extent
that discontinuing use of the substance results in negative side
effects. Called "withdrawal symptoms," these consequences can
include anxiety, stress, trauma, depression and physical conditions
such as shakes or nausea. It is to avoid these consequences that
an addict will keep using his or her substance.
In addition to being addictive, nicotine is also a toxin (i.e.
lethal if ingested in sufficient quantities.) Nicotine has been
shown to have a negative effect on the heart and circulatory
systems, causing a constriction in veins and arteries which may
lead to a stroke or heart attack. In fact, nicotine is so
poisonous that smokers who ignore their doctor's advice and
continue to smoke while using dermal nicotine patches have managed
to overdose and die of heart seizure.
Many people think smoking marijuana is just as harmful as
smoking tobacco, but this is not true. Those who hold that
marijuana is equivalent to tobacco are misinformed. Due to the
efforts of various federal agencies to discourage use of
marijuana in the 1970's the government, in a fit of "reefer
madness," conducted several biased studies designed to return
results that would equate marijuana smoking with tobacco smoking,
or worse.
For example the Berkeley carcinogenic tar studies of the
late 1970's concluded that "marijuana is one-and-a-half times as
carcinogenic as tobacco." This finding was based solely on the
tar content of cannabis leaves compared to that of tobacco, and
did not take radioactivity into consideration. (Cannabis tars do
not contain radioactive materials.) In addition, it was not
considered that:
1) Most marijuana smokers smoke the bud, not the leaf, of
the plant. The bud contains only 33% as much tar as tobacco.
2) Marijuana smokers do not smoke anywhere near as much as
tobacco smokers, due to the psychoactive effects of cannabis.
3) Not one case of lung cancer has ever been successfully
linked to marijuana use.
4) Cannabis, unlike tobacco, does not cause any narrowing of
the small air passageways in the lungs.
In fact, marijuana has been shown to be an expectorant and
actually dilates the air channels it comes in contact with. This
is why many asthma sufferers look to marijuana to provide relief.
Doctors have postulated that marijuana may, in this respect, be
more effective than all of the prescription drugs on the market.
Studies even show that due to marijuana's ability to clear
the lungs of smog, pollutants, and cigarette smoke, it may
actually reduce your risk of emphysema, bronchitis, and lung
cancer. Smokers of cannabis have been shown to outlive non-
smokers in some areas by up to two years. Medium to heavy
tobacco smokers will live seven to ten years longer if they also
smoke marijuana.
Cannabis is also radically different from tobacco in that it
does not contain nicotine and is not addictive. The psychoactive
ingredient in marijuana, THC, has been accused of causing brain
and genetic damage, but these studies have all been disproven.
In fact, the DEA's own Administrative Law Judge Francis Young has
declared that "marijuana in its natural form is far safer than
many foods we commonly consume."
The disturbing thing about all of this information is that
the majority of Americans are as yet unaware of the radioactive
risk in cigarettes. In fact, many professionals: doctors,
scientists and health administrators, either have never heard of
polonium 210 or consider it to be just another scare story.
Why is this information so hard to come by? When the
studies were first released in the late 70's, many magazines were
unable to print articles because their main advertisers,
cigarette companies, threatened to pull support if they published
the facts. Although network news did pick up the story,
virtually nothing came out in print. Those who heard were hard
pressed to produce collaborating evidence, and were eventually
convinced it was nothing to worry about.
The power of the cigarette industry to suppress information
goes far beyond magazines, however. A well financed tobacco
lobby has been very active in the United States Congress for
decades procuring subsidies and fighting laws and proposed
research which could hurt the American tobacco industry. Tobacco
interests practically own Senate and House seats, as many
campaign contributions come from cigarette profits. Tobacco pay-
offs also go to fund organizations such as the Partnership For A
Drug Free America, which adopt a harsh anti-drug agenda yet seem
to omit alcohol and tobacco (claiming they are harmless.)
As an example, a 1984 law which was intended to require
tobacco companies to release to the public a list of additives
used in the manufacture of cigarettes was watered down to the
extent that the list is now released only to the Department of
Health and Human Services on the condition that it not be shown
to anyone else. Companies have been known in the past to add
chemicals to cigarettes for flavor, and, many assert, for their
addictive properties. In Britain such chemicals have included
acetone and turpentine, as well as an assortment of known
carcinogens.
Tobacco companies argue that revealing their 'secret
ingredients' would hurt their competitiveness. In fact, when
Canada passed legislation forcing additive lists to be released,
one large company reformulated its recipe for its Canadian
distribution; another took its product out of Canada entirely.
Tobacco companies do not have the right to poison the
public. Don't trust them. Get the information you need to make
your own decisions, and restore government to the people.
Another destructive aspect of the Drug War is the
unreasonable measures taken as a result of "reefer madness."
Because of the long standing anti-pot-smoking paranoia begun in
the 1930's, many law enforcement agencies have taken it upon
themselves to censor and limit the marijuana culture through
whatever channels they can find. This includes the banning of
various forms of drug "paraphernalia" (pipes, clips, rolling
papers, etc.)
Water pipes, or "bongs," are quite often the target of such
efforts. Claiming that water pipes are constructed to allow
marijuana smokers to inhale "dangerous" marijuana smoke deeper
into their lungs, many states and towns have passed laws
controlling the sale, manufacture, and possession of these items
for "health" reasons.
The sad fact is, water pipes have been shown to be extremely
effective in removing harmful materials from smoke before it
reaches the lungs. They also cool the smoke and prevent injury
and irritation to lung passages. In effect, laws against water
pipes hurt all smokers, cannabis and tobacco, by preventing the
development of safer forms of consumption.
Produced as a public service by the University of Massachusetts
at Amherst Cannabis Reform Coalition
Research and written by Brian S. Julin
Corrections, comments, inquiries should be addressed to:
UMASS CANNABIS
S.A.O. Box #2
Student Union
UMASS Amherst, MA
01003
Sources:
(radioactivity)
E.A. Martel, "Alpha Radiation Dose at Bronchial Bifurcations
>From Indoor Exposure to Radon Progeny", Proceeds of the National
Academy of Science, Vol. 80, pp. 1285-1289, March 1983.
Naoimi H. Harley, Beverly S. Cohen, and T.C. Tso, "Polonium 210:
A Questionable Risk Factor in Smoking Related Carcingenisis."
"Radiactivity: the New-Found Danger in Cigarettes," Reader's
Digest, March 1986.
"Would You Still Rather Fight Than Switch?," Whole Life Times,
Mid-April/May 1985.
(secret ingredients)
"What Goes Up In Smoke?," Nation, December 23, 1991.
----
I also heard that cigarette companies have as many as 400 chemicals
to add to cigarettes, including placing a small, almost indetectable
quantity of sugar or chocolate on the lip of the cigarette to give
you a dex rush (just a small one) as a way of saying, "hello, baby,
let me get that monkey of your back." The goal of this is to increase
the addictiveness of said death stick.
The companies don't seem to care about what it does to their customers,
(you can always grow more suckers, birth is cheap, just ban contraceptives.)
Anyway, Indian grown tobacco has the lowest radioactive content,
buy it wrapped, untreated (except for curing) at tobacco specialty shops,
they wrap the cigarettes in tobacco leaf (no paper.)
Bri

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=================================================
The Official Criminal Minded <tm> Mary Jane Guide!
=================================================
Disclaimer: Pot is illegal and I don't give a fuck.
Congratulations! You are now the proud owner of your very own personal copy
of the -OFFICIAL- Criminal Minded <tm> Mary Jane Guide!!! (Please do NOT be
fooled by cheap imitations)
First off I want you to observe the lovely artwork included in this guide:
*
***
* *** *
** ***** **
*** ***** ***
**** ***** ****
** ****** ***** ****** **
****** ****** *** ****** ******
****** **** *** **** *******
******* ** * ** *******
*********************
*********
**** * ****
** * **
*
*
Wasn't that beautiful? Such magnificent color! Such outstanding clarity!
Anyway:
In this guide:
=============================================================================
Part 1: Starting The Growth Process -
Part 2: Taking care of the newborns - How to insure the survival of your
newly sprouted plants.
Part 3: Maintaining the plants once they start to get bigger.
Part 4: Preparation of the plant for 'consumption'
Part 5: Security and safety measures.
Part 6: Criminal Minded's <tm> mini guide to enjoying your plants!
Part 7: Final Notes.
=============================================================================
Part 1: Ok, this first step is, of course, the most important step in
assuring the successful start of a nice healthy plant or plants.
The trick to it is to "germinate" the seeds. This is very easily
done. All you have to do is take two paper napkins and place the
seeds in between them. Once that is done, put them in a warm spot
and keep the napkins moist. Keep them like this for a week or so.
You will know when they are ready because the seed will split open
and a little white thing will protrude from the seed.
Note: I recommend germinating at least 10 seeds. This makes your
chances of results much better.
BONUS Crimmy Tip!!! --> Use a miracle gro/water mixture to germinate the seeds
with. Miracle gro (the powdered kind) comes with a
little 'dual scoop' inside the box. Use the smaller
scoop and mix that much miracle gro with a half gallon
of water. If you use tap water I suggest that you boil
it first to remove as much germs and other nasties from
the water to prevent disease in your plants. Anyway, the
miracle gro/water mixture used to germinate the seeds
gives, in my opinion, the seeds a head start. They are
spoiled from day one so keep in mind you must always
spoil them.
Important Note: DO NOT put too much miracle gro powder in the water because
it can burn through the leaves and the roots. Read the back
of the box for specific instructions.
BONUS Crimmy Tip!!! --> Before the week is up take ten small pots and fill
them with ORGANIC potting soil to about here:
------------------
Pot ---> \ /
| |
Soil line --> |______________|
| |
| |
----------------
[Please note, once again, the spectacular graphics above]
Once you have filled them with soil take the required (see chart below) number
of Jobes Plant Spikes for each pot and place them around the sides of the pot
spacing them equal distances apart.
Chart from back of Jobe's plant spikes package:
-----------------------------------------------------------
Pot Diameter (inches): 4 6 8 10 12
-----------------------------------------------------------
Use This Many Spikes: 2 3 4 5 6
-----------------------------------------------------------
Then take your miracle gro/water solution and wet the soil so that it is
moist, not saturated. You want to keep the soil moist for the entire week
while your seeds are germinating. After the week is up you are now ready.
Take your finger and push it halfway down into the soil in the middle of the
pot. The hole is where the seed will go (duh). Now remove your seeds from the
paper napkins and carefully drop one in each of the pots (only one seed per
pot). Now just gently fill the hole with dirt and that's it. You should see
some sprouts within 1 to 5 days. If you do not see anything withing 7-10 days,
try again.
Now onto Part 2:
Once your seeds have sprouted taking care of them is basically elementary.
1. If there is any dirt or pebbles wedged in between the leaves of the plant
gently remove them.
2. Keep them warm.
3. Keep the soil moist (with the miracle gro mixture of course).
4. Keep any large pebbles or anything else that might obstruct their growth
away from them. (Sometimes you will find rocks/pebbles/twigs in with
potting soil).
5. Spray them very gently with the miracle gro mixture. Do not spray them
full blast with your spray bottle.
and most important:
As the newborn plant gets bigger gently add more soil around the base of the
plant so that the top of the soil is just beneath the top of the seedling.
This provides more support for it as it grows (they tend to fall over) and
promotes root growth. Once they look strong enough to support themselves you
can stop adding more soil. I'd say this time would be when they are a few
inches tall.
Note: When your plant reaches around 10-12 inches tall I suggest transplanting
it into a bigger pot. The bigger the better because you will have to
transplant it less often, reducing the possibility of it going into
shock and dying. To transplant it, gently edge a butter knife around
the edge of the pot to loosen the soil and then tip the pot upside down
and gently shake it. It should come out as a whole. Then just dig a
hole in the soil of the new pot and insert your plant and soil plug.
Then cover it with new soil and water a little.
Part 3: Maintaining the plants once they get bigger.
1. As your plants get bigger you will notice leaves closer to the middle of
the plant that are starting to turn brown on the tips and curl up. After a
while just gently pull these off and new ones will grow, some with branches
extending from them with more leaves on them.
2. Make sure you water them regularly so that the top of the soil never dries
out.
3. Insert Jobes Plant Spikes every two months. (refer to the back of the
package for instructions/information).
4. Spray them regularly and gently with the miracle gro solution from about a
foot away. Make sure you spray the entire plant.
5. Keep them nice and warm with the use of a phosphorous plant bulb.
How many bulbs you actually use depends on how many plants you intend to
grow. If you have more than four plants I suggest you get two dual bulb
lighting fixtures. Ya know, the long bulbs. Put white bulbs in one and the
other flourescent bulbs. Keep the white bulbs on them during the day and
the flourescent ones on during the night. Perhaps two phosphorous coated
plant "show and gro" bulbs directed at the plants will help, too. Of
course if you only have two or three plants the two phosphorous bulbs is
really all you need. Those and maybe a ultraviolet bulb for at night. You
might also want to line the area where the plans will be with tinfoil. It
helps reflect the light.
6. If the leaves on the very top of the plant start to curl up and turn
brown I suggest not having as many lamps on the plant or to not have
the bulbs on as long each day.
Important Note: You want to keep the top of the plant at least a foot away
from the bulbs because they can catch fire and burn down.
When they get taller you might want to keep the bulbs on
them not as long as you used to. You can buy a timer to
turn the bulbs on and off at regular intervals. I suggest
you don't let the plant grow taller than four or five feet
anyway. Just stunt the top every now and then so that it
doesn't get any taller. Also, this way it will grow out
rather than up so you will have a nice fat plant in a small
amount of space. And always remember: Kill the males and
keep the females else the males will fertilize the females
and they won't bud. How to recognize the males from the
females? Well, for one: the male grows faster I believe.
Don't quote me on that. Other ways to spot it: Go pick up
a book on cannabis savita. That, I am sure, would tell you
better than I could. Last but not least: The roots are
always growing and probing deeper for water so you must
water it regularly to prevent out of control root growth
and this way you won't have to put it in bigger pots as
often. I would say that a pot with a 2 to 2.5 foot circumf-
erence is as big a pot as you will need for the plant.
Optional: Play your plant some soft mellow music. Leave the stereo on fixed
on a station like WMJX or something. Don't keep it too loud, though.
Part 4: Preparation of the plant for 'consumption'
This is easy. Pluck the buds and let them dry out. Then smoke them. Most
people say: "hang the buds upside down to dry" I say no, don't do that. Just
lay them flat on a piece of wax paper or something. If you hang them all the
resin will go to the top of the bud and you will have killer weed at the top
but the rest of the weed will be so-so. If you lay them flat it assures even
distribution of the resin throughout the bud. Make sure you clean the buds
and remove all the seeds before smoking so you can assure yourself of a nice
smooth high and have the seeds for the second generation.
Part 5: Security and safety measures.
Yes, folks, the cultivation of Mary Jane, wrongfully so, is still illegal. So
we must keep on our toes to avoid an unwanted confrontation with the blue man.
This is what I suggest you do to ensure the safety of you and your plants:
1. -NEVER- leave ANY paraphanelia laying around. This includes pipes, bongs,
papers, roach clips, high times, screens, suture removers, seeds, the plant
itself, etc. A lot of marijuana busts happen because of the man being there
for some other reason and then they see something like a pipe, or roaches
in an ashtray.
2. Burn incense regularly, especially before/after/during getting high. This
will help cover up the unique smell of the smoke and the plant(s) growing
in your closet. You can also regularly dump a cheap but strong cologne
NEAR the area (NOT in the area) where your plants are growing to help kill
the smell once they start to bud.
4. Keep any plugs used for the lights hidden yet readily accessible in case of
a visit by the man so you can unplug them. A light in a closet or somewhere
where there really shouldn't be one might attract attention.
5. Just use common sense, if you have any.
Part 6: Criminal Minded's <tm> mini guide to enjoying your plants!
Now for some REAL entertainment!!
I, as a proud member of the cannabis culture, have music, movies, videos, TV
shows, places, etc, that I enjoy mixing with marijuana and here I present to
you a list of them. I have also compiled a list of different names for
Cannabis Savita (with the help of Wavy Gravy in a High Times article - that is
what I remember of them), and some other lists.
My top albums to listen to when stoned:
1. Pink Floyd: Dark Side Of The Moon
2. Roger Waters: The Pros And Cons Of Hitchhiking
3. Pink Floyd: The Final Cut
4. Pink Floyd: The Wall
5. The Doors: Greatest Hits
6. Led Zeppelin: -Any- album
My favorite music videos to watch when stoned:
1. Any Floyd/Waters/Gilmour
2. November Rain - GnR
3. Wicked Game - Chris Isaak
My top songs to listen to when stoned:
1. Pink Floyd: Time
2. Roger Waters: The pros and cons of hitchhiking, part 10
3. Pink Floyd - Breathe reprise
4. Pink Floyd: Comfortably numb
5. Pink Floyd: Not now John
6. The Doors: Riders on the storm
7. Led Zeppelin: Stairway to Heaven/All my love/Fool in the rain (3 way tie)
My favorite lyrics to ponder when stoned:
1. "I was standing on the leading edge. Jump! said Yoko Ono. I'm scared and
too good looking I cried. Go on she said. Why don't you give it a try?
Why prolong the agony, all men must die" (The Pros And Cons Of Hitch-
hiking, Part 10 - Roger Waters)
2. "Ticking away the moments that make up a dull day you fritter and waste the
hours in an off hand way. Kicking around on a piece of ground in your own
town waiting for someone or something to show you the way. Tired of lying
in the sunshine staying home to watch the rain you are young and life is
long and there is time to kill today and then one day you find ten years
have got behind you no one told you when to run, you missed the starting
gun and you run and you run to catch up with the sun, but it's sinking and
racing around to come up behind you again. The sun is the same in the
relative way, but you're older and shorter of breathe and one day closer
to death. Every year is getting shorter, never seem to find the time.
Plans that either come to naught or half a page of scribbled lines.
Hanging on in quiet desparation is the English way. The time is gone the
song is over, thought I'd something more to say..." (Time - Pink Floyd)
3. "Home, home again. I like to be here when I can. When I come in cold and
tired it's good to warm my bones beside the fire. Far away across the
field the tolling of the iron bell calls the faithful to their knees to
hear the softly spoken magic spells" (Breathe Reprise - Pink Floyd)
4. "We watched the tragedy unfold. We did as we were told. We bought and sold.
It was the greatest show on Earth. But then it was over. We oohed and
aahed. We drove our racing cars. We ate our last few jars of caviar. And
somewhere out there in the stars a keen-eyed lookout spied a flickering
light. Our last hurrah. And when they found our shadows grouped around
the TV sets they ran down every lead they repeated every test. They
checked out all the data on their lists and then the alien anthropologists
admitted they were still perplexed but on eliminating every other reason
for our sad demise they logged the only explanation left. This species
has amused itself to death" (Amused To Death - Roger Waters)
My favorite TV shows to watch when stoned:
1. COPS
2. Sightings
3. In Search Of
4. Ren And Stimpy
My favorite lines from songs:
1. Getting high all the time hope you all are, too - Edgar Winter
2. Everybody must get stooooooned - Dylan
3. Legalize it - Peter Tosh
4. Flyin' High Again - Ozzy
My favorite things to do when stoned:
1. Watch/Listen to a severe lightning/thunder storm
2. Watch any of the videos/movies/TV shows listed in this tfile.
3. Listen to any of the music listed in this tfile
4. Be any of the places listed in this tfile
5. Just relax and enjoy the high
My Hemp Hero:
Wavy Gravy, The Clown Prince Of Pot.
The "I Smoke Pot And I Have The Balls To Admit It" Award Goes Out To:
The Black Crowes for performing with a 48 foot x 24 foot banner with a huge
marijuana leaf on it.
My favorite movies to watch when stoned:
1. Pink Floyd: The Wall
2. The Doors
3. Altered States
4. Jacob's Ladder
5. The Hustler/The Color Of Money (tie)
Favorite sports to play when stoned:
1. Pool
2. Darts
Favorite Munchies Food:
1. Junk Food/Chinese Food/Chocolate/Anything!
My favorite places to be when stoned:
1. On a boat out in the middle of the ocean
2. An island
3. The beach at night
4. Mainly outdoors
Favorite Smoking Paraphanelia:
1. My water bong, Owen
2. My wooden and clay pipe
3. My stone and brass skull pipe
What I hate doing when stoned:
1. Staying indoors
2. Reading
3. Falling asleep
4. Working
5. Programming
Favorite beer to go with Mary Jane:
1. Budweiser, of course.
What I do best when stoned:
1. Come up with creative writing ideas
2. Be lazy
3. Eat
Hemp Aliases:
Boo, Grass, Green, Ganja, Gaje, Thunderfuck, Cheeba, Hooch, Smoke, Herb,
Pot, Dope, Weed, Mississippi Mud, Tea, Mary Jane, Spliff, Herbals, Skunk,
Cannabis, Cannabis Savita, Brick, Bread....
well, that's only a little over half of them...feel free to add a name to the
list and stick your name at the bottom under the part that says:
"Contributions:"
Anyway, I hope you enjoyed this one time text file and that you gained what
knowledge you needed to grow your own Mary Jane at home. I wish you all the
best success and don't forget to live by the "Crimmy Golden Rule":
"Call No Man Happy Who Is Not Baked"
-CM <tm>
Two more great sayings:
"God created Marijuana so smoke a joint for Jesus"
"Married to Mary Jane: Such a sweet commitment it is..."
OF COURSE *I* said those....
Well, this is it...greets go out to:
Jon, Erica, M, Apoc, Eric, Al, Oz, Roche, Todd and all the other smokers out
there!
"Greets To People I Don't Know Personally But Must Mention Anyway" Dept:
Pink Floyd, Roger Waters, The Black Crowes, Ozzy, Edgar Winter, Living Colour,
Bob Dylan, Led Zeppelin, Peter Tosh and all you other musical greats!
-AND-
Hats Off To The Man: Wavy Gravy!
The Clown Prince Of Pot/Woodstock Announcer & Chef/Bob Dylan Room-mate/Hemp
Activist/Beatles Marijuana Dealer/and just an all around dude!
-*- Criminal Minded <tm> -*-
=============================================================================
If you feel you have contributed something useful to this tfile please type
your name/handle/inet address below and what you contributed...
=============================================================================
CONTRIBUTIONS:
=============================================================================

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McDermott<EFBFBD>s Guide to the Depressant Drugs
(c) Peter McDermott, 1993
(c) Lifeline Project, 1993
This guide was first published by Lifeline Project, Manchester, UK.
This electronic version may be freely distributed electronically or as
hard copy. However, be warned that you are missing out on Mike
Linnell<EFBFBD>s brilliant illustrations.
Introduction
Since the emergence of the rave scene, drugs agencies have been falling
over themselves to court the hip young Ecstasy, Acid and Speed user, thus
neglecting a major staple of good problem drug users everywhere <20> the
depressants.
Once again, sixties drug trends are repeating itself, as danced-out
paranoid psychotics begin turning to those old favourites, the opiates, the
benzodiazapines and the barbiturates in an attempt to unwind after a period
of manic drug use, while on housing estates all over the north west, the
true afficionado of quality intoxicants keeps the faith with a tenner bag
of brown or a fist full of jellies.
Without further ado then, for the sake of those suffering from pain,
anxiety or insomnia, let us take a trip down memory lane and try to
discover what effects the various types of depressant drugs might have.
Opiates
Opiates is a term used to refer to any drug with an opium-like action,
whether they be derived from the opium poppy, like morphine, or synthetic
drugs made in a chemist<73>s laboratory.
All opiate drugs have similar effects. At low doses they relieve pain and
anxiety, and if the dose is increased, they produce a sedative effect <20> a
good nod.
Opiates also give us the classical model of addiction. Used regularly, they
produce tolerance <20> a need to continue increasing the dose in order to get
the same effect, and stopping after repeated use produces withdrawal
symptoms <20> physical discomfort and a mental craving for the drug.
Commonly available opiates include:
Heroin (Diamorphine Hydrochloride) <20> This is the daddy of all
opiates, highly prized among opiate users because the drug has the minimum
undesirable side effects and a far superior euphoric potential to other
opiates. Heroin comes in several different forms.
Pharmaceutical heroin <20> A staple of the British drug scene in the days
when Britain<69>s heroin scene was limited to a couple of hundred whinging
middle-class junkies who all lived in the toilets at Piccadilly Circus <20>
this is now a rare, but increasingly available treat. During the sixties,
it was available either as a white powder (from pharmacy and hospital
thefts) and in <20>jacks<6B>, 10 mg tablets made specifically for injection. The
form that is most often spotted today is the <20>dry amp<6D>, an injectable
preparation that can occasionally be bought in 10 mg, 60 mg, and the highly
sought after 100 mg ampoules. These are the drug equivalent of the holy
grail for serious opiate users, but you need to be very careful. If you
shot one of those up thinking that it was probably about as strong as a
methadone ampoule, you could end up seriously dead.
Far Eastern Heroin <20> As the number of users increased and the law was
changed so that heroin was only available from special drug clinics at the
end of the 1960<36>s, the market in prescribed heroin began to dry up. The
demand for heroin was partly met by the newly-imported <20>Chinese<73> heroin.
This came in one of two types, and sometimes had brand names that the drug
had been given by the producers. Pink Elephant, Tiger and Rice Brand were
all very popular on Gerard Street during the early seventies.
This heroin is also graded by number. Number 3 is a pinkish-greyish
granular substance that resembles instant coffee. Although produced for
smoking, it dissolves for injection when heated. Number 4 is a pure white
powder that closely resembles pharmaceutical heroin. This form is produced
for injection and the powder dissolves instantly on contact with cold
water. Although this is still available in many parts of the world, these
forms are rarely seen in Britain today. Most of the available heroin on the
black market is
Middle/Near Eastern Heroin <20> This is the ubiquitous <20>brown<77>, that
dominates both British and Dutch heroin markets. In fact, this stuff isn<73>t
actually heroin at all. True heroin is Diamorphine Hydrochloride <20> a
hydrochloride salt. The brown that is sold in the U.K. is Diamorphine base.
Just as Crack is the free base of Cocaine, i.e., Cocaine that has been
prepared for smoking by removing the hydrochloride part, so the brown
heroin is a smokable product that is not soluble in water like real heroin,
but must be dissolved in some form of acid before it can be injected.
Dirty, smelly, messy stuff, that is a far inferior product to all of the
above. So who wants to throw in for a bag?
In Britain<69>s big cities, heroin currently dominates the market in opium-
derived opiate drugs. From time to time, <20>fancies<65> like raw opium or
morphine ampoules appear, but always in limited quantities. In relation top
other opiates, heroin is more efficient than morphine, and morphine is more
efficient than opium, but once they get inside your body, they are all
converted to morphine anyway, so the effects are much the same. The only
place that any distinction can be discerned is in the rush, if the drug is
injected intravenously. Morphine and opium may produce more nausea, or more
itching, but they all do much the same thing.
Heroin is usually taken in one of two ways <20> it is either injected or
smoked. Smoking is by far the safest way of using as injecting makes you
much more liable to the risks of infection or overdose. The risk of
overdose is further amplified if the heroin is mixed with cocaine. Although
the two drugs might seem to cancel each other out, in fact, they appear to
potentiate each other, so the sum is greater than it<69>s parts, so if you are
used to heroin and you do try a speedball, make certain that you use less
heroin than you normally would.
Though heroin dominates the market for opiates, the price is expensive.
After all, the mafia have to pay for those stretch limosines somehow, and
how else is your dealer going to afford a BMW and a cocaine habit if there
isn<EFBFBD>t an enormous profit on the gear?
Methadone
To cater for those of us seeking to starve the dealers, a newer product is
becoming more widely available. Methadone was originally developed by the
Nazi<EFBFBD>s during World War II. When the supply of opium was cut off, Nazi
smackheads like Goering wanted to avoid the possibility of withdrawal, so
he instructed the German drug companies to produce a wholly synthetic
opiate that didn<64>t need to rely on the poppy. With typical Teutonic
efficiency, the chemists came up with a drug that not only worked, but also
lasted a long time. As a result, Methadone has become the drug of choice
for doctors who are trying to help users manage their opiate dependency.
Heroin wears off after a couple of hours, thus requiring several hits each
day. Methadone, on the other hand, lasts anywhere between 24 and 72 hours,
depending on the dose that you take and on your individual metabolism.
Methadone comes in several forms <20> 10mg ampoules, 5 mg tablets, Methadone
Linctus <20> 1 mg in 2.5 ml or Methadone Mixture DTF <20> 1 mg in 1 ml. Again,
very rarely somebody will break into a chemist and pharmaceutical methadone
powder will come onto the market. This stuff is very, very strong, so if
you ever happen to come across it, be extremely careful how much you use,
especially if you are only used to street smack.
Many users claim that the problem with methadone is that it lacks heroin<69>s
intensity. It doesn<73>t give you the same rush when injected and many users
believe that the high is inferior compared to heroin. How much of this
resistance to methadone is psychological is unclear. Many users become
obsessed with the rituals of drug use <20> cooking up a hit, or rolling a bead
around the foil.
In blind trials, users who were given both drugs orally were unable to
distinguish between the effects of the two drugs. Where heroin does have a
real advantage over methadone is in withdrawal. Withdrawal from heroin
should be over after seven to ten days. Withdrawal from methadone though,
can take up to a month or even longer.
Any discussion of the properties of Methadone must also be an appropriate
place to warn of the dangers of Cyclazine. In an attempt to replicate the
effects of a now almost defunct drug called Diconal, desperadoes of the
drug scene have been known to mix certain travel sickness pills with
methadone ampoules before injecting them in an attempt to produce a
Diconal-like rush. In fact, the use of this combination just produces self-
destructive Martians whom all right-thinking junkies shun because of their
tendency towards compulsive and chaotic behaviour. In the past, I have
watched many a time-served junkie who after managing to keep it together
for many years, eventually fell to pieces after discovering Cyclazine.
Hopefully, as the Diconal experience retreats further and further back into
the annals of folk memory, fewer people will experiment with this
combination, but until then, I can only make one recommendation with regard
to this substance <20> avoid it like HIV (or the plague.)
The best of the rest
There are a whole bunch of other weird and wonderful opiates in the British
National Formulary, some of them organic, others totally synthetic. If you
are serious about pursuing a career as an opiate user, the chances are you
will come across them all at some point or another. Here are some of the
more common ones.
Diconal <20> If pharmaceutical heroin is holy grail of opiates, then Diconal
is the Lost Ark of the Covenant. For everybody who tried them, Diconal
immediately became the drug of choice. Diconal is a drug cocktail with the
most amazing rush known to man. Unfortunately, in accordance with the great
cosmic law of nish for nish, it also happens to be one of the most
destructive forces known to man. The drug comes in pink tablets that are
made from silicon rather than the more benign chalk base. After a couple of
hits, your veins become filled with sand and get as hard as glass. Keep on
injecting and you end up with abcesses and ulcers at best, and amputated
limbs if you are unlucky. Thankfully for us all, creative intervention on
the part of the ACMD meant that doctors needed a special license to
prescribe Diconal to addicts now means that Diconal are currently as rare
as hens<6E> teeth.
Palfium <20> Because it is a strong drug, Palfium has it<69>s fans, but
personally, I<>ve never been among them. This drug is known primarily for
two things <20> dirty hits and overdoses. For some reason, Palfium seems to be
very unpredictable. You can use say four tablets one day, then, the
following day you just try three and end up having blue and slumped against
a wall. Thumbs down.
MST Continuous <20> If you do like to take tablets then these are the
business. MST<53>s are Morphine Sulphate Tablets produced in a time release
format. These will keep withdrawals at bay for many a long hour, due to the
way that the tablet is manufactured. The particles of drug are enveloped in
wax particles of different sizes and densities, so the drug is continuously
released over a 12 hour period. This production process makes the tablets
difficult to inject as there is no apparent way to seperate the morphine
from the wax. Do you really want to shoot half a Latin Mass up your arm?
DF118<EFBFBD>s, Di-Hydro Codeine <20> DHC<48>s are popular with people who have a
small habit and are looking to withdraw. If you fall into this category,
then DHC<48>s are ideal. However, iof you plan to use them long term, there
are serious drawbacks. Due to the effect that opiates have upon gut
motility (your ability to shit), the combination of opiates and chalk in
DHC can make you extremely constipated. If you are being maintained or you
have a large habit, think seriously about changing to methadone. Chronic
constipation can be a serious health risk, as well as depriving you of one
of the greatest pleasures in every junkie<69>s life <20> discussing the state of
one<EFBFBD>s bowels.
Temgesic <20> in places like Scotland where the heroin supply is erratic,
there is a greater reliance upon various pills. Temgesic grew in popularity
because for a while, the medical profession thought that they had little
potential for misuse. In fact, because they were designed to dissolve by
being placed under the tongue, it was discovered that they were quite a
reasonable tablet to inject as they were not laden with chalk.
The strange thing about Temgesic is that they are an opiate antagonist.
This means that if you<6F>ve got a smack habit and you do some Temgesic,
you<EFBFBD>ll end up in withdrawal. On the other hand, if you don<6F>t have a habit
at all, they have an opiate like effect. They have become popular with
injectors who lack access to <20>real<61> injectable opiates in places like The
Outer Hebrides.
Barbiturates
During the seventies, the <20>barb freak<61> was probably the most regular punter
at street drugs agencies like Lifeline. This was because they tended to be
those drug users who were least able to take care of themselves. Even the
most desperate bagheads look down upon barb freaks because of the mess that
they invariably get themselves into.
Barbiturates are a sedative drug. Normally prescribed to induce sleep,
their use is now almost completely discontinued for this purpose, though
milder variants such as phenobarbitone may still be used to manage
epilepsy. Nevertheless, Barbiturates occasionally turn up from time to
time, usually as
Sodium Amytal - most frequently as a bright blue capsule that contains
60 mg of the drug.
Seconal <20> 50 mg orange capsules, and finally
Tuinal - which are a cocktail of 50 mg of Amytal and 50 mg of Seconal
which, unsurprisingly perhaps, come in a capsule that is half Amytal blue,
half Seconal orange. Whoever was responsible for the design of these
capsules certainly had a flair for marketing substances to junkies and
hypochondriacs.
The first thing to get clear about barbiturates is that these things are
dangerous. I don<6F>t mean <20>Heroin screws you up<75> dangerous, I mean seriously
fucked-up style dangerous. Is that clear enough for you? During the
seventies, around ? people died every year as a result of barbiturate
poisoning. Many of those deaths were people who just took the drug to
sleep.
The pattern usually went like this. Have a few scoops to help you get your
head down. Then, drop a couple of nembies and pour yourself another drink
while you wait for the drug to take effect. After a while, you don<6F>t
remember whether you took the caps or not, so you<6F>d better take a couple
more to be on the safe side. They<65>d find your body in the morning. If you
hadn<EFBFBD>t choked on your own vomit, your breathing had slowed down
progressively until it stopped.
Like opiates, barbiturates are addictive, only more so. Taken to help you
sleep, after a few days, it becomes impossible to sleep without them. Like
the opiates, barbituates produce tolerance so that you need to keep upping
the dose to get the same effect, but the real hum-dinger is the withdrawal
syndrome. If withdrawal from opiates is cold turkey, then withdrawal from
barbiturates could be cold raven. Besides the craving, discomfort and
inability to sleep, barbiturate withdrawal also causes major epileptic
seizures. Nobody dies from opiate withdrawal, but it is a strong
possibility with barbiturates and you should only think about it under the
supervision of a doctor, preferably as a hospital in-patient.
The possibility of overdose is amplified greatly if barbs are injected into
a vein rather than taken orally. By and large, it is usually only those
people who have had their switches set to automatic self-destruct mode who
use barbiturates because the drug isn<73>t at all pleasant or enjoyable. Barbs
lack the euphoric content of opiates and the social lubricant properties
associated with alcohol. They simply produce a dark, blank oblivion and as
such will always remain popular with those people who hate themselves or
their lives so much that their behaviour is governed by a compulsion to
obliterate all possibility of thought and self-examination. Do yourself a
favour. Just say no.
Benzodiazapines
When it became clear that large numbers of people died each year simply as
a result of trying to cure insomnia, the drug companies spent a vast amount
of money in an attempt to discover a replacement for the barbiturates.
Eventually, the pharmaceutical industry came up with the Benzodiazpines.
Eureka! No side-effects, they said. Non-addictive, they said. Safe, they
said. Unlikely to be misused, they said. Loads of money, they said. (Much
more quietly, to stockholders, in boardrooms.)
Like opiates and snake oil before them, Benzodiazapines were marketed as
being good for whatever ails you <20> the original mothers little helper. If
you go to the doctor and tell him that you<6F>ve lost your job, your wife had
left you, your dog has died and your next door neighbour keeps giving you
funny looks, the chances are, that he<68>ll write you a prescription for
benzodiazapines. Well, five or six years ago, he would. At the moment,
doctors and the drug companies are being sued by thousands of people who
allege that they have suffered from the side effects of benzodiazapines, so
now they think twice about it. Then write the prescription.
They tend to be divided into two major types. Some are used as hypnotics or
sedatives, drugs that are used to induce sleep in insomnia. Benzodiazapines
in this category include
Nitrazepam <20> Nitrazepam are a long-acting benzodiazapine hypnotic. Before
doctors were forced to prescribe the generic equivalent of a drug,
Nitrazepam were possibly the most commonly used sleeper in the U.K. Sold as
<EFBFBD>Mogadon<EFBFBD>, they were the sleeping tablet with the smiley face. In recent
years, their popularity seems to have been massively outstripped by the
shorter acting benzodiazapine hypnotics, the most popular being
Temazepam <20> Also known as eggs, jellies, temazzies, norries, rugby balls
and a host of other pseudonyms, Temazepam seem to be the drug of choice for
the treatment of insomnia. They have also replaced the barbiturates as the
self-destructive drug user<65>s intoxicant of choice. We will discuss this
substance at some length a little later.
Other hypnotic benzodiazapines include Flunitrazepam, Flurazepam,
Loprazelam and Triazolam. They all have similar effects. Triazolam
(also known as Halcyon) have recently been taken off the market because of
concern over the side effects. So much for safe!
The other major use for benzodiazapines is as anxiolytics <20> drugs that
reduce the anxiety levels of the user. The most commonly used
benzodiazapines of this type include
Diazepam <20> Also known by the trade name, Valium
Lorazepam - A short-acting anxiolytic, also known as Ativan
And a whole host of others with very similar effects, including
Alprazolam (Xanax), Bromazepam, Chlordiazipoxide (Librium),
Clobazam, Chlorazepate Dipotassium (Tranxene) Medazepam and
Oxazepam.
Regardless of which particular benzodiazapine is being used, the side-
effects seem to be much the same. Some experts feel that the shorter-acting
benzodiazapines like Lorazepam (Ativan) are more addictive and more
difficult to withdraw from than the longer-acting types such as Diazepam.
For this reason, many doctors recommend substituting Diazepam in any
detoxification programme.
All benzodiazapines depress the breathing and so if taken with opiates or
alcohol, can result in death from respiratory failure. They should be used
with caution by anybody who is pregnant or who may have suffered from
hepatitis or any other kidney or liver problems.
Taken over a longer period, these drugs can make you crazy. Besides
becoming addicted, you can become paranoid, agoraphobic (frightened of
leaving the house) or develop obsessive/compulsive patterns of behaviour.
Still, if it ever happens to you, at least you<6F>ve got the consolation of
suspecting that it<69>s probably a result of the weird, mind-bending drugs
that you<6F>ve been taking. Imagine how it must feel to be a straight
housewife, getting a terrible habit with all these wierd side effects,
which you got from the medicine that your doctor gave you to help you cope
with the depression that you felt when you found your husband was fucking
his secretary. Just a little something to help you sleep, my dear. Oooo<6F>
eee<EFBFBD>ooo!
At the moment though, the most popular benzodiazapine must be Temazepam.
Temazepam use is on the increase among several different constituencies of
drug user. Due to a lack of real MDMA on the club scene, amphetamines, LSD
and other, longer-acting psychedelics like MDA currently dominate. As a
result, many club-goers have taken to using the little green and yellow
Rugby Balls in an attempt to get some sleep. Smoking a reefer is a much
less hazardous method of chilling out, but if you must use benzodiazapines
to get to sleep, then don<6F>t take more than one and don<6F>t use them
regularly. Once a week is probably still too often.
Hard-core cocaine and rock users are also turning to Temazzies to soften
the crash when the charlie or the rock is all gone. The same messages apply
here. Using weed or even alcohol is a much safer strategy, but if you must
use them, then do make sure that you stick to occasional oral use. Your
cocaine use is probably a problem already <20> try not to make it worse by
getting another habit.
The final group who are using Temazepam are injectors who probably prefer
heroin, but use Temazzies because they can<61>t afford to score, or because
their tolerance is such that supplementing their script with Temazepam is
the only way they can work up a good gouch from their methadone. If this
description applies to you, then you are probably at enormous risk from the
impact of Temazepam on your life, your health and your social status. Even
the worst smackheads look down on a Temazzie user.
Benzo<EFBFBD>s reduce inhibitions, making some people aggressive, but the lack of
co-ordination that the drug produces means that you are more likely to get
a pasting.
Some people feel that the Dutch courage that benzodiazapines produce is
actually a cloak of invisibility, even invulnerability. They might go out
shoplifting, believing that nobody will be able to see their subtle moves
as they swiftly teleport the goods into their stash. In actual fact, the
store detectives are thinking, <20>If this shop thinks that they pay me enough
to apprehend that dirty, stinking AIDS victim, they<65>ve got another think
coming. Phone for the man with the big net and the tranquillizer gun.<2E>
Due to the way that the benzodiazapines reduce inhibitions, some people
view downers as an aphrodisiac. (Remember <20>Mandies make you randy!<21>) In
fact, this is a myth that is perpetuated by rapists. (<28>Err, they were a
good hit them Temazzies, but they haven<65>t half given me a sore arse!<21>)
Using any downer decreases your self control. Given the role that sex plays
in the transmission of the HIV virus, everybody needs to maximize the
amount of control that they exercise whenever there is the possibility of
sexual contact <20> downers and fucking just do not mix.
The same is true of injecting. Like the barbiturates before them, Temazepam
have become popular among certain sections of injecting drug users.
However, the risks associated with this drug are far greater than the risks
associated with heroin. As with sex, the drug minimizes the control that
you have over your injecting behaviour. This may lead you to forget which
syringe belongs to who. Have you cleaned it out? You may even forget all
about the need to stay safe and not share other people<6C>s works. You
probably couldn<64>t care less <20> drugs like Temazepam make you feel
invulnerable while you are under the influence.
Temazepam also creates other risks for injectors. In order to stop people
injecting the eggs, the drug company filled them with a solid gel in an
attempt to prevent the drug from passing through the needle. People got
around this by warming the gel and diluting it with water. However, now
when it hits the vein, it resolidifies, causing thrombosis. This can lead
to Deep Vein Thrombosis, serious abscesses and ulcers. Should you miss the
vein and inject into an artery, you will probably develop gangrene, which
often results in the loss of a limb. Injecting temazepam, or any other
tablet or capsule come to that, is not a good idea at all.
Alcohol
When considering the depressant drugs, few people pay suficient attention
to alcohol. Alcohol has very paradoxical effects <20> in small doses, it acts
as a stimulant, but after a few more drinks it acts as a depressant. While
some experts believe that a couple of glasses of wine a day may improve
your health, larger amounts are definitely not good for you.
Just because a drug is legal, it doesn<73>t mean that it is safe. Like all of
the other depressant drugs, alcohol is addictive. Unlike the opiates,
alcohol causes damage to various organs. Brain damage and cirrhosis of the
liver are just two serious potential side effects. Contrary to popular
opinion, you can also overdose on alcohol. Every year there are a sizable
number of deaths from alcohol poisoning <20> generally when young people who
are unused to drinking start drinking spirits. With beer and wine, the
volume that you have to drink to get rat-arsed helps you to titrate the
dose <20> take the drug in successive small doses (i.e. pints) until you reach
the effect that you desire. With spirits, you can easily pour half a bottle
or more down your neck after earlier drinks have rendered your taste buds
inactive <20> before you know it, you are in a coma.
Another crucial fact to remember about alcohol is that it potentiates the
impact of all the other depressant drugs. Alcohol is a contributory factor
in a majority of deaths from drug overdoses. Opiates like heroin depress
the respratory system <20> they slow down the rate at which you breath.
Alcohol has the same effect. Mix the two together, and you may find that
your breathing slows down to the point of stopping. This bad enough if it
happens in company, but at least they can attempt to resuscitate you or
call and ambulance. Very often, you are O.K. while you are out with your
mates <20> the problem occurs when you sink that last pint at closing time and
then go home to bed. Alcohol doesn<73>t produce it<69>s full effect until some
time after you have taken it <20> so you always feel a couple of drinks behind
your consumption. Go home, hit the pillow, and the next morning your
partner wakes up next to a stiff.
The other problem with alcohol, is that it also produces nausea. Likewise,
the opiates. So once again, the two drugs enhance each other<65>s side-
effects. Pulmonary oedema <20> drowning in your own vomit <20> is the second
major cause of drug related death and alcohol is often a major
contributory factor.
Personally, I think it best to avoid the stuff altogether. Anybody who has
ever had Hepatitis B has already done serious damage to the liver <20> alcohol
will make that damage far worse. The same is true of Hepatitis C <20> although
the damage may not be apparent for some years to come.
If you do drink, the liver works overtime in order to metabolize the
alcohol. If you<6F>ve got a habit, the liver will also metabolize the drug at
a much faster rate than your body normally would, so you end up sick from
withdrawal much earlier than necessary. So, a sociable drink every now and
again is one thing, but if you do drink large amounts of alcohol on a
regular basis, then you<6F>re stirring up trouble for yourself one way or
another <20> but if you<6F>ve got a habit as well, then you<6F>re fucked, mate.
Summary
There is a whole lot of information in this booklet, so when it comes to
the depressants, what are the key points that we need to bear in mind?
1. All depressants are addictive. If you must use them, try to limit your
use to occasional use. That way, you will maximize the effects and minimize
the cost.
2. Injecting drugs raises the stakes enormously. The risks from HIV,
Hepatitis, Abscesses, Gangrene, Overdose are very high. It is best if you
can avoid injecting drugs.
3. If you do inject drugs, only use drugs that are designed to be injected.
Follow safer injecting practices.
4. Mixing drugs increases the risks enormously. Only use one drug at a
time.
5. Alcohol is a drug too. Used in combination with other drugs, alcohol can
potentiate their side effects. Never drink and use other depressants
together.
6. Some depressants reduce your self control. Remember, if engaging in
risky behaviour of any kind, control can mean the difference between being
alive and being dead.
(c) Peter McDermott, Lifeline, 1993

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"The Love Drug"
from "The Marriage Of The Sun And Moon"
by Andrew Weil
Houghton Mifflin Co., publishers, 1980
MDA is known as the love drug in the American subculture
because of its reputation for producing loving feelings in groups
of people. The initials stand for 3,4-Methylene-dioxy-amphetamine
and the drug is a straightforward derivative of amphetamine,
first synthesized in Germany in 1910. Its effects on human beings
are much more interesting than simple stimulation. When I first
encountered MDA in 1970, I took it a number of times and since
then have observed its effects on a great many people.
The usual dose of MDA is 90 to 150 milligrams, taken orally
in a capsule. Its effects become apparent in twenty to sixty
minutes and persist for ten to twelve hours. People perceive the
onset of these effects differently. Some experience initial
nausea. Some feel a warm glow spreading through their bodies.
Most people become aware of a sense of physical and mental
well-being that intensifies gradually and steadily. MDA commonly
induces a state of profound relaxation and patience in which
anxiety and defensiveness are left far behind. "It is impossible
to imagine anything being a threat in that state," one user tells
me.
Unlike most stimulants, MDA does not increase motor
activity. In fact, it suppresses it in a remarkable way, so that
people can remain comfortable and content in one position for
long periods. This effect is most dramatic in people who are
heavily dependent on coffee and cigarettes, who are always in
motion of one sort or another. Under the influence of MDA they,
too, can be calm and motionless. Pharmacologists call this the
"antikinetic" action of the drug, but that is a negative way of
describing something very positive. I prefer to call it a
centering action.
The combined effects of relaxation and centering greatly
facilitate certain kinds of physical activities, such as yoga,
martial arts, and any disciplines requiring balance and
maintenance of posture. For example, i can maintain a headstand
longer when I take MDA than normally. Although it is extremely
pleasant just to lie still and enjoy a respite from nervous
activitiy in this state, i have tried rock climbing and swimming
after taking MDA and again find that my body works in a more
coordinated, smoother fashion and that I can do more than usual.
One novel experience, conferred temporarily by the drug, is the
ability to interact with kinds of external stimulation that would
ordinarily be painful and not get hurt. It may become poossible
to walk barefoot over sharp stones, for instance, and experience
no discomfort or injury, apparently because the muscles are so
free from imposed tension that they can respond with precise
counterpressure to the point of a stone. In this way, the skin
feels no net force.
Such experiences confirm in a powerful way the sense of
well-being. It fels as if nothing is threatening, and, in fact,
things in the external world behave differently. This theme
carries through to interpersonal relations. When people feel
well, centered, unthreatened, and aware of their own strength and
loveliness, they are able to drop many of the usual barriers that
develop in groups. It is common in group MDA experiences for
people to explore mutual touching and the pleasures of physical
closeness. Participants may feel very loving toward one another,
but the feelings are not explicitly sexual because MDA tends to
decrease the desire for orgasm. For many people the experience of
enjoying physical contact and feeling love with others in the
absence of a specific hunger for sex is unique and welcome. (Some
people do use MDA to heighten sexual experience.)
Other hungers and desires may also disappear int he MDA
state. Habitual users of tobacco feel no need to smoke. Chain
smokers of marijuana do not need their weed. Nail biters leave
their fingers alone. Compulsive talkers become quiet. Compulsive
eaters do not think about food. Moreover, this desireless
condition feels supremely natural and valuable. Becaue MDA
affects the senses minimally, everything appears as it does
usually. There are no hallucinations, illusions, or distortions,
simply a great aura of peace and calm. It is not possible to
pretend, as it often is with hallucinatory drugs, that the
experience is coming from without. Clearly, all of the important
effects, including the ability to be free of anxiety and desire,
are part of the human repertory, often unexpressed, to be sure,
but there nonetheless.
The trouble with obtaining this state through the use of a
drug is that it does not last. After five or six or eight hours,
the old habits begin to creep back. before long the experience of
loving peace and desirelessness is in the past. The value of the
drug is that it can show people that certain ways of being are
possible and available; it gives no information about maintaining
them.
I do not mean to paint a picture of MDA as a trouble-free
panacea. Like all psychoactive drugs, its effects vary greatly
with expectation and setting. People who take it in combination
wit alcohol and downers at wild parties with strangers are not
likely to realize its pootential. MDA also releases much energy
stored in the nervous system, so that those who take it often
feel tired and sluggish the next day. It should not be used
unless one is in good physical shape with adequate energy
reserves. For unknown reasons, it seems to be harder on womena nd
may activate latent infections or problems in the female
genitourinary tract. Women should take lower doses than men until
they are sure the drug agrees with them and should avoid the drug
altogether if their pelvic organs are ailing. Many people of both
sexes report that the drug causes tension of the muscles of the
jaw and face. In some individuals this effect becomes very
annoying, progressing to involuntary grinding of the teeth. All
of the adverse physical effects of the drug are dose-related.
Whenever I have interviewed people who have had bad experiences
with MDA, I have determined that they have taken excessive
doeses, been in poor settings, or taken other drugs masquerading
as MDA.
In the right hands, MDA is quitte safe. Out of hundreds of
experiences with it htat I have observed, I have seen only three
anxiety reactions. The medical potential of the drug is great and
quite unexplored. I have noted repeatedly that people under the
influence of MDA, when feeling high, centered, and free of
desire, are in a state complete anergy - that is, they manifest
no allergic reactions, even to allergens to which they have a
lifelong sensitivity. Asthma disappears, hay fever disappears,
cat allergies go away, and there are even no responses to
mosquito bites. This effect is temporary and appears to be the
analogue in the body of the mental experience of complete
relaxation and lack of anxiety. It might be reproducible without
the drug if we could learn to spend more time in that state. I
can envision a training program in allergy control in which
patients would go through ten seesions with decreasing doses of
MDA in settings designed to maximize the centering effect and
demonstrate the possibility of coexisting with allergens. By the
tenth session the dose would be zero and pateitnts would be doing
it all on their own.
Unfortunately, the federal government, having declared MDA
to be a drug with high abuse potential and no redeeming
therapeutic value, has placed it in a category (Schedule I) that
makes it unavailable to physicians and available to researchers
only with difficulty. I know of no ongoing research with MDA in
this country and consider this lack to be another result of
unenlightened policies on substances that could be helpful to us.
:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:
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10 megs 3/1200 no password
619-475-6187
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dir
87Sep06 3:06 am from THE MAGI
DESIGNER DRUGS BASIC SERIES I : MDA XTC's older sister
XTC or methylenedioxy-methamphetamine gained noteriety last year as a designer
drug included in a ban against designer drugs in general. It was lumped
together with some very dangerous heroin analogs and the lot of them made
Schedule I controlled substances. This was done under quite some protest as it
is a very mild hallucinogen similar to mescaline and being used by
psychotherapists at the time. It was known as the Love Drug in some circles
(just as MDA) as it's effects are very conducive to snuggling and getting
close to some- one. The following synthesis is for MDA banned during
the original drug scare days of the early 70's. XTC was a designer drug
because it was a chemical analog of MDA that was not on the books yet.
The basic starting material for MDA is the substance 3,4 methylenedioxy
benzaldehyde, also known as piperonal, and available in some herb stores as
heliotropin crystals (alongside their perfume oils).
The first step is to form the nitropropene. Do this by dissolving
approximately 40g of the piperonal with about 16g nitroethane in 150ml of
glacial acetic acid with 15g Sodium Acetate. Cool, filter,and purify by
recrystallizing from acetic or methanol.
The next step is to reduce the nitropropene to the amphetamine
(Methylenedioxy-amphetamine) with a Zinc - Mercury amalgam prepared from 200g
of Zn and 20g HgCl(2) (Mercury Chloride). Suspend .2 moles of the nitropropene
in 2 liters of ethanol with the amalgam, and add with vigorous stirring
portions of conc. HCl until the yellow color disappears. Continue stirring for
one-half hour, filter, evaporate in vacuum to get freebase oil of MDA.
Finally the Hydrochloride salt has to be formed to make it water soluble and
snortable, ingestable etc. Dissolve the oil in Dry Ether and slowly bubble dry
HCl gas through solution. Crystal precipitate will form.
Production of :
THE MAGIC THEATRE
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BRAIN DAMAGE AND MDMA
Two studies were used as evidence to support the emergency placement
of MDMA into Schedule I effective July 1, 1985. These were Woolverton
et al. and Ricaurte et al. (See references). The latter study was
not even done with MDMA, but rather with MDA. The DEA also recieved
a study from another group (Schmidt, Wu, and Lovenberg) done using
MDMA. I have not yet looked up the MDA paper, but I did find the
Schmidt, Wu, and Lovenberg paper (actually, it's only an abstract) and
I have some information on the still unpublished Woolverton et al. paper
from another reference (Shulgin, A.T.). The Woolverton et al. paper
should come out this year in a book.
In the Schmidt, Wu, and Lovenberg study rats were given single injec-
tions (s.c.) of MDMA and killed 3 hours later to measure concentrations
of brain metabolites. From previous studies they knew that serotonin
levels decline and reach their minimum concentrations at 3 hours. Rats
given 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg MDMA had striatial serotonin concentrations
that were 97%, 40%, 25%, and 25% of control rats 3 hrs. later. One week
after injection rats given 10 or 20 mg/kg MDMA still had "significantly
depressed" levels of serotonin. They don't say what the levels were,
though.
Rats in the Woolverton et al. study were either injected twice daily
for four days with MDMA and killed two weeks later, or they were given
one dose and killed two weeks later. The dosages were 10, 20, 30, or
40 mg/kg. Rats that went on the MDMA binge all had "extensive decrease"
of hippocampal serotonin. A single injection at 40 mg/kg lowered sero-
tonin levels to 76% of just-say-no rats two weeks later.
What does this mean to those of us who are not rats? Well, if you are
a Rhesus monkey, it means that if you take twice the lethal dose of
MDMA (LD 50 in Rhesus monkeys is 22 mg/kg) and survive, you will only
have serotonin levels that are 76% of your friends' who told you not
to do it. If you are sort of like a Rhesus monkey (like me) then it
means you can probably safely take 2.5 mg/kg of MDMA (orally, please)
and suffer only a 3% or so temporary drop in your serotonin levels.
For a 150 lb. human, 2.5 mg/kg is 170 mg. Most street doses are about
100 to 150 mg. Anyway, these studies will probably turn out to be
poorly done just like the ones done on LSD several years ago that
concluded that LSD caused chromosome damage. It turned out that if
you leave heavy amphetamine users out of the study, there is no evidence
of chromosome damage. Yes, I know, MDMA is an amphetamine. It just
means that you shouldn't overdo it. Even peanut butter has mutagens
in it (aflatoxins).
Hugs and Kisses,
Betelnut (Wierdo7)
REFERENCES
Ricaurte, G.; Bryan, G.; Strauss, L.; Seiden, L.; and Schuster, C. 1985.
Hallucinogenic amphetamine selectively destroys brain serotonin
nerve terminals. Science Vol. 229:986-988.
Schmidt, C.J. and Lovenberg, W. 1986. (+/-) Methylenedioxymethamphet-
amine (MDMA): A potentially neurotoxic amphetamine analog. (Abstract
5264). Federation Proceedings Vol. 45: 1059.
Shulgin, A.T. 1986. The background and chemistry of MDMA. Journal of
Psychoactive Drugs Vol. 18(4): 291-304.
Woolverton, W.L. et al. 1985. Behavioral and neurotoxic effects of
MDMA and MDA. Abstract from the American College of Neuropsycho-
pharmacology Meeting, Honolulu.
From Lunatic Labs UnLtd. 415-278-7421
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MDMA(XTC) Notes
From the Recreational Drugs Sub-Board
On Lunatic Labs BBS - 415-278-721 - 1200/2400 Baud
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Title: a psychedelic peak experience
When: 3/28/89 at 5:57 pm
Left by Unknown Lab Rat
...and that is the ultimate understatement.
try: 400-500mics of lsd, followed 30-45 min later w/ 50-100mgs of XTC.
mix w/ love and sex a successful attempt at mystical-spiritual transcendence.
our life will never be the same again. we have added a dimension of
experiencing life and each other that we never dreamed possible.
I just wish I could truly describe what happened, but words are inadequate.
I usually dont encourage people I dont really know to do psychedelics or
certain psychedelic combinations, but this one is so utterly positive, I cannot
see anyone having a bad trip or not benefiting in a very personal manner from
it.
go for it.
SERPENT OF SANDOZ
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Title: XTC
When: 4/8/89 at 4:40 pm
Left by castalia (Level 49)
hypothetically speaking, if any of you out there WERE doing X - which of course
you shouldnt be doing, it being a Schedule I substance and all - what would
have been the most interesting/fun/amazing/novel things youve done on it (or
plan to do on it)? just trying to collect some experiences for my archives
here - it occurred to me the other nite (last nite actually) that it is much
more fun doing certain things X'd than others, but I mite be wrong. so anybody
wanna share their deep dark secrets?
also, Im interested in X + some other substance(s) experiences. personally, an
X/LSD mixture for me has been the most mind-blowing drug experience ever, one
that truly changed my life... (the magic formula: 500 mics of LSD; when you
feel the acid coming on drop 50-100mgs of X and youre OFF. roundtrip ticket
across the universe. poetically speaking, the LSD provides a canvas for the X
to paint upon - while zipping around n-dimensional hyperspace...).
also, I think *any* amount of speed - esp. meth - should be avoided 24-48 hrs
before X'ing because the speed somehow seems to interfere w/ the potential
intensity of the trip.... any comments?
-Castalia
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Title: XTC
When: 4/9/89 at 1:07 pm
Left by Sir Countach (Level 49)
Hmmm, I've X'd Before But Have Been Told By A Notable And Trustworthy Source
Who Did Some Of The Same As Me That It Wasn't That Great Of X, But None The
Less When I X I Like To Go For A Walk With A Cane Or Similar Object, It's Fun
To Just Twirl The Cane Around Inbetween Your Fingers... But On My Last X
Experiance It Was Spent Lying On A Floor With A Girl That I Was More Than Just
Quite Fond Of And Recieving A Back/Front Rub For Several Hours Which Turned
Into Into Some Other Things... It Was Great... We Ended Up Spending The Next
Three Days Together In Bed Getting Wired Until My `Roomate' Came Home And
Kicked Us Out Of Her Bed... Oh Well...
I've Also Recently Learned A Lesson About Coke/Crank... It Does Fuck Up Your
Nose, I'm Now Suffering From A Upper Respitory Infection And Have 1-2 Layers Of
Skin Burned Off Inside My Nostrils... I Guess No More Snorting Fro Me... Time
To Start Eating And Smoking It Again... Ugh!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Title: XTC
When: 4/9/89 at 3:06 pm
Left by parabolic mike (Level 11)
I'v never done any,but man do i ever want to try it. Anyone have a formula for
it?
500 mics ehh cas', for a canvas ,must be somthin'
>PM<
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Title: XTC
When: 4/9/89 at 10:13 pm
Left by castalia (Level 49)
making XTC is a little more complicated than a single formual and there
are all kinds of ways you can fuck it up... I definitely dont recommend it
unless youre a real experienced alchemist.... I know/correspond w/ alex shulgin
who originally synthesized MDA and MDMA (back in the 1920s) and I have all
kinds of interesting info on both of theses substances, if anyone's interested.
there's also a file on this board for an MDA recipe, but I cant
guarantee its accuracy, and I definitely know you cant get piperonal in herbal
stores anymore.
-Castalia
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Title: Extasy
When: 4/10/89 at 9:16 am
Left by Dexter Riley (Level 35)
What I like to do is head out to some semi-nature spot good for hiking, then
just walk around exploring and talking with whomever I am tripping with.
And I bring plenty of water...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Title: A friend o' mine...
When: 4/10/89 at 5:52 pm
Left by Pope Chuck Manson II (Level 39)
Just told me about an uncomfortable experience he had on XTC.. he got back from
this Grateful Dead show on the stuff and his mom asks him where he was that
day, so he goes off at dinner time about the great atmosphere at Dead shows and
how there are sooooo many drugs there and everyone's really cool, and the whole
time his mom just sits there nodding, looking strange and going "Mmm-hmm."
while trying to smile...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Title: XTC+Meth
When: 4/10/89 at 6:16 pm
Left by Elric of Imrryr (Level 49)
Well XTC and Methamphetamine are not a workable combination, it seems
that XTC(MDMA) and Methamphetamine compete for the some neurotransmitter sites
which pretty much results in burn-out.
XTC takes alot out of your body, so you should try to eat well and get
enough vitamins, minerals, amino-scids, and fluids both before and after you do
XTC.
Elric
From Lunatic Labs UnLtd. 415-278-7421
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From: u9264582@wumpus.cc.uow.edu.au (The RadioDog)
Newsgroups: alt.drugs
Subject: FWD : Analysis of current `extasy'
Date: 1 Feb 1994 09:54:42 +1100
Message-ID: <2ik27i$4ro@wumpus.cc.uow.edu.au>
Forwarded from the Ausrave mailing list
______________________________________________________________
An Analysis of "Hearts", a Tablet Illicitly Sold as "Ecstasy".
______________________________________________________________
Introduction:
In recent months, observers have noticed an increase in the availablility
of tablets sold illicitly as "ecstasy", supposedly methylenedioxy
methamphetamine (MDMA), in Sydney. One form which has often been reported
is known as "Hearts", and appears as a white tablet about 0.5cm in
diameter, with a heart shaped emblem imprinted. A large number of these
tablets were made available close to New Years Eve. Some experienced
users claimed that the effect of the tablets was "smacky", i.e.
they thought that it contained heroin in addition to MDMA.
Up until a few months ago, in the Netherlands, the MDMA analogue
N-ethyl methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDE, MDEA, Eve) was legal and
freely available. With the banning of this substance, it would seem
reasonable that the newly illicit stockpiles should have been distributed
around the world. In recent years, quality MDMA has been rare in
Sydney, and sales of adulterated or forged samples have correspondingly
been rife. However, there have been persistant rumours of recent
"ecstasy" supplies having their origin in the Netherlands, and indeed
this has been used as a marketing point; people tending to believe
that if it is imported, it is more likely to contain MDMA. All this
suggests a possible link between recent "ecstasy" in supplies Sydney
and Dutch MDE, so it is of great interest to analyse a sample of the drug.
Experimental:
0.0398g of powdered "heart" tablet was suspended in 20ml H2O. The
supernatant was placed in a separating funnel with 20ml CH2Cl2, and
the residue re-extracted with ca.10ml H2O. To the combined extracts
in the funnel were added 2ml 25% NH3. After shaking, the CH2Cl2
layer was separated, and a further three CH2Cl2 extracts of
approximately equal volume were taken. These four extracts were
combined, and evaporated under vacuum to yield 0.0121g of basic
extract as a pale yellow oil. TLC on silica using butanol/acetic acid/
water (4:1:1) gave a single ninhydrin positive spot (violet, rf 0.55),
indicating the probable presence of only one major component.
The H1 NMR spectrum of the sample was taken, and found to
correspond identically with an authentic sample of pure MDE
having been worked up in the same manner. There was no evidence
to suggest the presence of MDMA, or other amphetamines.
Conclusion:
The tablets known as "hearts" and sold as "ecstasy" have been found
to contain at least 36% N-ethyl methylenedioxy amphetamine (MDE)
(calculated as the hydrochloride salt). No other active substances
were found. It is quite possible that the sample had its origin in
the Netherlands.
___________________________________________________________________
Subjective differences between MDE and MDMA:
While the effects of these two substances are sufficiently similar
to make differentiation difficult, there are some significant subjective
differences. MDE is somewhat less potent than MDMA, a typical dose
being in the range 100-160mg (as opposed to 80-140mg). At large
doses, MDE may resemble MDA (methylenedioxy amphetamine), although its
psychedelic effects are less; it is a "stoning" intoxicant, and in
particular can make walking or dancing difficult. Large doses of MDMA
can have a similar effect, although it seems that somewhat more can be
used without incurring the almost drunken intoxication. In smaller
amounts, MDE greatly resembles MDMA, although the physical and
tactile effects are generally perceived as being prevalent.
The emotional opening and empathic effects for which MDMA is
famous, although present, do not seem to be as pronounced.
As a substance of abuse at raves, MDE has the possible advantage
over MDMA that the user is less likely to embarass him/herself
in public through inappropriate empathy. On the other hand,
MDE is more likely to temporarily incapacitate the user at normal
doses.
J
--
"Enjoy moderation in moderation"
-----
THE d88888b .a888b d8888b d8P .a888b d8888b .a888b .a8888P
d8P V8P d8P"d8P d8P V8P d8P d8P"V8P d8P V8P d8P"V8P d8P"
d88888P" d88888P d8P d8P d8P d8P 88P d8P d8P d8P 88P d8P 88P"
d8P V8b d8P d8P d8P.a8P d8P d8P.d8P d8P.a8P d8P.d8P d8P.d8P
d8P "8B, d8P d8P d8888P" d8P V888P" d888P" V888P" V888P"
u9264582@wumpus.cc.uow.edu.au - University of Wollongong, Australia

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LA Times 27-MAY-85
Psychiatrists Defend New Street Drug for Therapy
by Miles Corwin - Times Staff Writer
SAN FRANCISCO - Kathy Tamm was walking to her car following a meditation
class in Menlo Park when she was abducted, taken to a wooded area, tied up,
beaten, and then tortured for several hours. For six months after the
incident she underwent intensive therapy, but she showed little progress.
She had terrible nightmares. She was terrified to leave the house. Every
unexpected noise, every shadow assaulted her senses and brought back visions
of the attack.
Tamm, 39, a San Francisco marriage and family counselor, said she was
"suicidal, at the end of my rope." As a last resort, Tamm and her
psychiatrist decided to treat her with MDMA, and experimental drug that some
psychiatrists had found to be effective with traumatized patients.
"I've taken it several times, and each time I felt a little less fearful,"
Tamm said. "The drug helped me regain some measure of serenity and peace of
mind and enabled me to begin living a normal life again.
"For the first time, I was able to face the experience, go back and piece
together what had happened. By facing it, instead of always burying it, I was
able to sort of slowly discharge a lot of the horror."
Tamm's psychiatrist, Dr. Joseph Downing, and other physicians will testify at
Drug Enforcement Administration hearings in Los Angeles on June 10 and 11 in
an attempt to persuade federal authorities that MDMA has great benefits and
should be kept available for therapeutic use. The drug, which is now legal,
may soon be outlawed by the DEA.
At the hearing, other health professionals will talk about MDMA as a popular
and dangerous new street drug. They will warn that MDMA has not been
thouroughly tested and is a source of increasing abuse and will argue that
its availability should be highly restricted.
The hearings in Los Angeles will bring to a head the division between a small
but not vocal group of psychiatrists, therapists and professors who claim
MDMA is a useful therapeutic tool and those health professionals who see the
drug as dangerous.
The drug, known on the street as Adam or Ecstasy, is a chemical cousin of
MDA, an illegal psychedelic drug popular in the 1960s. Users say MDMA offers
a slightly altered state of consciousness without hallucinations, heightened
sensibility without anxiety. And some psychiatrists contend that the drug is
valuable because it dissolves emotional and psychological barriers, enhances
communication, and relaxes inhibitions.
During the last few years, MDMA has become one of the most sought-after drugs
on college campuses. The non-medical use of the drug has increased from about
10,000 doses in all of 1976 to the current 30,000 doses a month, estimated by
Ronald K. Siegel, a psychopharmacologist at the UCLA School of Medicine.
At the Haight-Ashbury Clinic in San Francisco, several patients a month who
have taken high doses of MDMA seek treatment for symptoms similar to
"amphetamine psychosis" - paranoia, anxiety and delusions, said Darryl Inaba,
director of the clinic's drug detoxification project.
Inaba recently received a call from a San Mateo College official who said
there was a "major outbreak" of the drug at the school and that many students
were having "panic attacks."
Classification Protested
The DEA has been aware of the increasing abuse, but unaware that the drug
also is being used by about 100 psychiatrists throughout the country as an
adjunct to therapy, according to Frank Sapienza, a DEA chemist. Last July the
DEA announced plans to list MDMA as a Schedule I controlled substance, the
classification for drugs with no therapeutic use and a high abuse potential,
such as LSD and heroin.
"After the announcement," Sapienza said, "all hell broke loose."
The DEA was deluged with letters from angry psychiatrists and therapists who
challenged the DEA's research and classification procedures. They were
outraged that the DEA plan would virtually eliminate all research and
clinical use of the drug, and they demanded a public hearing.
A Berkeley research foundation and a group of physicians and therapists
retained a Washington law firm to challenge the proposed classification of
the drug.
The DEA decided it was "obligated to listen to some other views," Sapienza
said. After the Los Angeles hearings, there will be others in Kansas City and
Washington, and the DEA will make a decision by 1986.
Psychiatrists are uncomfortable discussing how they obtain MDMA. Most work
with chemists and make their own supply, and a few tell their patients to buy
it on the streets. The drug is readily available for about $30 a dose and is
now sold by many cocaine dealers in San Francisco, where the drug is more
prevalent than in the Los Angeles area, said a Haight-Ashbury Clinic
spokesman.
Use in Treatment Defended
The "street misuse" of the drug should not "keep it from being used
rationally in treatment," psychiatrist Downing said. Most psychiatrists who
are familiar with MDMA, Downing said, agree that some controls are needed and
suggest a classification comparable to a prescription drug like Valium.
Dr. Philip Wolfson, a San Francisco psychiatrist who will testify in Los
Angeles, agreed that extensive testing is in order, but he believes the drug
is so useful in therapy that it should continue to be used during the years
of testing.
"My patients didn't suddenly stand up and throw their crutches away, but I
saw some positive developments after a few sessions," he said. "Patients who
had seen only a negative, tortured world had a shift in perspective, and a
lighter, friendlier reality was momentarily available to them. For most, the
positive experience carried over after taking the drug."
Most drugs used in psychiatry are "downers," and MDMA is unusual because it
"lightens" moods, Wolfson said. And in addition to aiding the patient, he
said, it facilitates the work of the psychiatrist. Sometimes after patients
have taken MDMA, Wolfson said, he has "accomplished the work of 20 sessions
in one afternoon."
Defended by Monk
Brother David Steindl-Rast, a Benedictine monk from the Immaculate Heart
Hermitage in Big Sur, tried the drug at a conference on the medical uses of
MDMA. Steindl-Rast, who was a psychologist before he entered the monastery,
said the drug facilitates the search for the "awakened attitude" all monks
seek.
"It's like climbing all day in the fog and then suddenly, briefly seeing the
mountain peak for the first time," he said. "There are no shortcuts to the
awakened attitude, and it takes daily work and effort. But the drug gives you
a vision, a glimpse of what you are seeking."
Siegel of UCLA, who has provided the DEA information about the street use of
MDMA, said he is skeptical when he hears of any new "wonder drug."
"My reaction is 'Here we go again,' Siegel said. "We heard the same kinds of
things during the early days of LSD and mescaline. When PCP first came out,
it was known as the 'peace pill.' Now we know it as more of a 'war pill.'
"in the early '70s when people were using very low doses of cocaine, a lot of
researchers had never seen a case of coke psychosis and didn't think the drug
was a health problem. Then the doses increased and so did the problems."
Known as "Love Drug"
Health problems associated with MDMA have been escalating as users have been
taking increasingly high doses, Siegel said. Extensive research is needed
before the drug is made available by prescription, he said, because little is
known about its long-term effects and toxicity. And, he said, MDMA has a
fairly narrow "index of safety." The dose of MDMA "that gets you high and the
dose that kills you is narrower" than many drugs, including LSD.
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) has a chemical composition that is
related to both amphetamine and mescaline. It is known as "the love drug" in
college campuses where it is considered to be an aphrodisiac, but users who
were interviewed said it precipitates emotional, not sexual, feelings.
"You can't sleaze with it," said student Jeff Manning who has taken the drug
several times for "the experience." "Your true emotions come out, and
nobody's going to do something they don't want to do. It's not a scary,
trippy drug. It won't take you someplace you don't want to go."
DEA officials should not be mislead by the "love drug" and "ecstasy" labels,
said Tamm, who used the drug several times in therapy after being assaulted.
If the drug is outlawed because of street use, she said, the harm will be
irreparable.
"I'd hate to think that others who have gone through an experience like mine
wouldn't be able to use MDMA," she said. "I don't know what shape I'd be in
now without the drug."


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Reality Hackers/High Frontiers Issue #6, Winter 1988
Psychedelic Scenarios
by Bruce Eisner and Peter Stafford
A psychedelic soiree to benefit the Albert Hoffman Memorial Library was
recently staged at Hollywood's John Anson Ford Theater. Over two hundred
psychedelic cognoscenti, at $50 a plate, milled and mingled about on the
stage. They were later joined by an additional 1500 persons for a
presentation called "Beyond the Doors of Perception."
Dr. Oscar Janiger, the psychiatrist noted for turning on a bevy of
celebrities and artists, compared the library to a time capsule, or fossil
record, which will contain books and memorabilia of the half century since
Hoffman made his fortuitous discovery of LSD. The library will also house a
psychedelic art gallery. Some of the art will be from artists who were turned
on by Janiger back in the late 50's and early 60's. Dr. Janiger used to give
his subjects a Hopi Kachina doll and ask each one to paint it before LSD and
again later, while on the psychedelic.
The terrible triumvirate from Harvard, Leary, Alpert, and Metzner, came
together publicly for the first time in a quarter century. Metzner cleared up
the misconception that he, too, had been fired by Harvard. "I am happy to
point out that I wasn't fired. I didn't have a job there. I was a graduate
student. Subsequently, I changed my story because I realized it was much more
interesting if I said I was fired..."
Richard Alpert (introduced by MC Paul Krassner as "Just Plain Ram Dass") gave
a progress report on his well-documented journey, promising another such
report ten years hence. He began by clearing up his drug-taking status.
"People have always asked me, 'Well, you have stopped using drugs, haven't
you?'" He responded, "No, I take LSD about every two years to find out what I
forgot and to have faith in who we are." He said that he would have remained
a middle-class neurotic if not for Timothy Leary and the experiences that
propelled him on his well-chronicled journey. "As long as I live, I will be
growing into what happened to me on my first psychedelic experience."
Timothy Leary paid homage to seminal brain explorers and predicted that in
ten years, 1998 - 75% of the members of the House of Representatives and 60%
of the Supreme Court judges will have been Bob Dylan fans. He declared "The
fun has hardly begun!"
Janiger promises the library will be open by year's end and other benefits
are in the works. If you would like to donate money, psychedelic memorabilia,
or exhibits or just want more information, write The Albert Hoffmann
Foundation, 1328 Westwood Blvd. Suite 36, Los Angeles, CA 90024. Its phone
number in L.A. is (213)470-1624
---
MDMA is in Schedule I again. The seesaw battle for MDMA's legal status may
have ended in February, with the DEA adminstrator again placing it into the
most severe category in the drug schedules.
During the past three years, its status has resembled a ping-pong ball. Of
course, the ball always ends up back in the DEA's court and they always whack
it back into Schedule I.
Until 1985, MDMA was as legal as table salt. After the DEA attempted to place
it in Schedule I, a group of researchers protested and hearings ensued. In
the midst of the hearings, the DEA used its new emergency powers to
temporarily ban it. Appeals courts later found this unconstitutional because,
at the time, the DEA didn't have the authority.
At the conclusion of the hearings, the DEA's own judge recommended placing it
in the more benign Schedule III. DEa Administrator John Lawn simply ignored
the recommendation and whacked it back into Schedule I.
The researchers - led by Lester Grinspoon, M.D. of Harvard - successfully
appealed. The First Circuit Court ruled that it should be taken off Schedule
I and reconsidered by the DEA. It did not take long for the DEA to
"reconsider" and put it back in Schedule I. At this point, those who have
opposed the scheduling are ready to give up. "When you're defanging a bear
one tooth at a time, you still got a problem," said a noted chemist and
researcher.
Once diehard who is still hoping to get research going again is Rick Doblin
of Cambridge, Massachusetts. His organization, MAPS, has conducted animal
research to examine the charges of possible neurotoxicity lodged against
MDMA. His conclusions are contained in a report titled: "Risk Assessment: The
FDA and MDMA Research." (The report appears an an appendix to Bruce's book,
'Ecstasy: The MDMA Story' from Ronin Publishers in Berkeley, CA.)
The non-medical use of MDMA has not stopped with its scheduling and
continues at a very significant rate in the United States while, at
the same time, MDMA has a great, but undeveloped, therapeutic
potential. If it can be demonstrated that MDMA-induced neurotoxicity
is temporary, and that there is a no-effect level around the human
dose level, the risk of using MDMA infrequently in research seems
very minimal.
Even if neurotoxicity does occur, there are presently no behavioral
or functional effects that have been associated with it. Once careful
risk/benefit analyses can be conducted, rational decisions can be
made concerning future research. If the data comes in as preliminary
indications suggest, there can be hope that the FDA will permit
direct MDMA research in humans to begin.
Those of you who are interested in donating time or spinal fluid to Rick's
studies can contact him at: (617)547-7271


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"Squirming in Ecstacy"
Editor's Note:
This article appeared in the U.C. Santa Cruz daily newspaper
earlier this year. It is not meant to be a factual report;
rather, it was intended to give the reader a little general
information about the topic.
One night last quarter student M was innocently doing his
homework in the Stevenson Library when he happened to look out
the window and behold a group of about 20 students innocently
squirming together in the lower Stevenson quad. Student M
innocently continued to watch this spectacle, while the squirmers
innocently continuen to squirm together for more than half an
hour. Observers and participants alike were much satisfied with
the event.
"It was neat," said student M.
"But it wasn't anything sexual," qualified student D, who
happened to be doing the innocent squirming.
"They were all hugging and touching each other," recalled student
M in amazement. "It just, like, makes you really sensitive to
epidermis," explained student A, who was also taking part in the
inocent squirming. "All you want to do is touch each other's
epidermis."
Yes, this did really happen, and these are REAL students
speaking. And no, this is not an example of what narrative
evaluatioons do to the student' intellectual capacities. What we
are talking about here is the drug MDMA (3,4,
methylenedioxymethamphetamine) - or Ecstasy, as it is more
commonly called.
During the last year, MDMA has garnered natioonal media as the
drug that LSD should have been. Although there is as yet no
research concerning possible adverse longterm effects of MDMA,
enthusiastic users already know about the drug's immediate
effects: it induces euphoria, breaks down psychological and
social barriers, heightens physical sensatioon, increases
emotional receptivity, and generally fosters a sense of rapport
between people. Unlike psychedelics, however, MDMA is not
hallucinogenic, nor does it seem to interfere with normal
thinking and functioning. So it's reputed to offer everything
one could want from a drug, and less. And now the ultimate
touchy-feely drug has come to what is oft-touted as the nation's
last sanctuary of touchy-feeliness.
"I'd say MDMA has become the most popular drug on campus since
the end of last year," reported student X. "Now there are at
least eight people I've heard of who are supplying MDMA on
campus." MDMA sells for about $7-15 for dose (125 milligrams)
these days and is usually in the form of a white powder taken
mxed with juice or water, though it also comes in capsule form.
MDMA is very easy to synthesize- any chemistry major could do it-
and rumor has it that some MDMA may even be manufactured in town.
Apparently the preferred mode of experiencing MDMA is with
friends, in large or small groups, and a lot of hugging and
touching goes on.
Surprisingly perhaps, these group encounters do not devolve (or
evolve, depending on your point of view) into wild orgies. All
sources reported that MDMA did not inflame their sexual
temperaments. So much for the myth that it is an aphrodisiac.
There seem to be two general schools of thought regarding the use
of MDMA. Recreatioonal users turn to the drug for fun- much as
you would jog, play poker, have a dinner party, or go camping in
yur RV. Personal-growth users, on the other hand, use MDMA as a
tol for personal insight.
The recreatioonal types said mainly that MDMA is "fun," and that
iT's not as strong as MDA. They describe MDMA as being more
"cool" and mental, as compared to the hot, speedy, and
bodyrocking MDA. One student even went so far as to say that
"MDMA is a waste of time when you compare it to drugs like LSD
and MDA... It's reputatioon is overblown. I find that it doesn't
lead anyone to do things they couldn't do without the drug if
they wanted to."
Another recreatioonal type added that "the first time you take
it, you have stars in your eyes. All you have to do is take the
dug and sit back and let the drug take you. But later, after,
after you've taken it 4 or 5 times, you have to get psyched up
for it to have any real effect."
Personal-growth types, however, are a little more nurturant of
their practices. "I don't like those party scenes," said student
T. "There are lots of phony people around who are trying to fake
an experience because they've heard MDMA is the "Love Drug.'" She
prefers to take it only with a few close friends, to enhance
communicatioon.
Student C thinks likewise. He first took MDMA a few weeks ago
when he was having trouble getting along with a friend. And the
cure worked: they were able to work out their differences.
"Instead of always blocking and analyzing what someone is saying
t you," he explained, "when you're on MDMA you have a much better
communication process. You open up and understand things more
clearly. I know that sounds really hokey to someone who hasn't
done MDMA," he added, "but it's really true."
Both recreational and personal growth types reported no real "bad
trips," though a few users reported instances in which they felt
no effect. Of the few MDMA experiences that could be ranked as
"depressing," all occured when the person taking the drug was
either alone, in bad company, or was in a bad mood to begin with.
So, as with so many other drugs, the MDMA high all depends upon
wo you take it with, and how you feel when you take it.
Few after and side-effects were reported. One student mentioned
occasional alcohol-like hangovers, though he attributed these to
impure MDMA. Another student said he felt slightly anxious and
unsettled for about one week after the fifth time he took MDMA,
but said it could have been from something else. On the whole,
however, most users said that not only are after-effects minimal,
but in some cases the euphoria or insight of the high lingered
with them for days.
Unfortunately, there is little scientific information available
about the effects of MDMA. Although some psychiatrists and
therapists have been giving the drug to patients to aid
doctor-patient rapport since the 1970's, little research has been
done on MDMA. Once psychiatrist who has done a few of the
published studies on the drug reported that the benefits of MDMA
include euphoria, increased energy, greater self-esteem, and less
use of alcohol and other drugs.
However, MDMA is chemically quite similar to MDA and other
methamphetamines, which are known to damage brain cells
containing the neurotransmitters, sorotonin and dopamine.
Serotin is involved in regulating sleep, sexual behavior, mood,
aggression, and sensitivity to pain, while dopamine is involved
in initiating movement. Research shows that even a single dose
of MDA seriously debletes serotonin levels for at least two
weeks, and methamphetamines cause the degeneration of dopamine.
Wether MDMA has these same effects has not been determined.
At any rate, when the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) got
wind of the fact that MDMA had hit the streets, it immediately
put a one-year moratorium on the drug. Until this coming June,
then, MDMA will be classified as a Schedule 1 illegal substance,
along with other drugs such as heroin, LSD, and MDA. These
substances are declared by the DEA to have no accepted medical
use, and a high potential for abuse. Naturally, some therapists
don't agree that MDMA has no medical use, while users among the
public don't agree that pleasure implies abuse.
But the question of abuse really revolves around over-use.
Everyone knows that too much of anything can be harmful, and MDMA
is no exception. In the Haight-Ashbury, for instance, de-tox
clinics have reported cases of people taking 10-15 doses of MDMA
in one day. And right here in Santa Cruz one student reported
seeing friends ingest five doses in one sitting-- and with
unpleasurable results.
UCSC Drug and Alcohol Counselor Ray Launier said he's seen three
students this year come in with complaints about MDMA
aftereffects. Consequently he has initiated a survey of student
experiences and attitudes related to MDMA. Although only Porter
ad Kresge colleges have been polled to date, Launier said that so
far, the findings reveal very few reported side-effects. Launier
cautioned that conclusions should not be drawn too swiftly.
Comparing the enamored reports of the therapeutic and insight-
bestowing qualities of MDMA to similar reports about cocaine and
LSD when those drugs first appeared, Launier said, "We've seen
this situation again and again: initially we hear nothing but
positive reports, and then later we hear about harmful
side-effects.
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Drug Abuse Information California Department of
and Monitoring Project Alcohol and Drug Programs
Chauncey L. Veatch III, Director
DRUG ABUSE SERIES
MDMA
Health and Welfare Agency State of California
Clifford L. Allenby, Secretary George Deukmejian, Governor
The Monograph Series which is issued by the Drug Abuse
Information and Monitoring Project is prepared for and funded by
the State of California Department of Alcohol and Drug Program
under contracts # D-0053-5 and # D-0001-7. The primary purpose
of this series is to provide information to the drug abuse
treatment community and to the general public on the epidemiology
and treatment of drug abuse.
The material herein does not necessarily reflect the opinions,
official policy, or position of the Department of Alcohol and
Drug Program of the State of California. The views of this study
are solely those of the authors.
All material in this volume except quoted passages from
copyrighted sources is in the public domain and may be used or
reproduced without permission from DAIMP or ADP or the authors.
Citation of the source is appreciated.
MDMA
By Jerome E. Beck
School of Public Health
Berkeley, CA
Institute for Scientific Analysis
April 1987
Edited by Elizabeth Piper Deschenes
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