Update to v092 release.

In the release thread, byuu says:

    The first official release of higan has been posted. higan is the
    new name for bsnes, and it continues with the latter's version
    numbering.

    Note that as of now, bsnes still exists. It's a module distributed
    inside of higan. bsnes is now specific to my SNES emulator.

    Due to last minute changes to the emulator interface, and missing
    support in ananke, I wasn't able to include Cydrak's Nintendo DS
    emulator dasShiny in this build, but I hope to do so in the next
    release.

    http://code.google.com/p/higan/downloads/list

    For both new and experienced users, please read the higan user guide
    first:

    http://byuu.org/higan/user-guide

In the v091 WIP thread, byuu says:

    r15->r16:
    - BS-X MaskROM handling (partial ... need to split bsx/flash away
      from sfc/chip, restructure code - it requires tagging the base
      cart markup for now, but it needs to parse the slotted cart
      markup)
    - phoenixflags / phoenixlink += -m32
    - nall/sort stability
    - if(input.poll(scancode[activeScancode]) == false) return;
    - MSU1 / USART need to use interface->path(1)
    - MSU1 needs to use Markup::Document, not XML::Document
    - case-insensitive folder listings
    - remove nall/emulation/system.hpp files (move to ananke)
    - remove rom/ram id= checks with indexing
    X have cores ask for manifest.bml (skipped for v092's release, too
      big a change)
    - rename compatibility profile to balanced (so people don't assume
      it has better compatibility than accuracy)

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+purify/*.o
+purify/purify
+purify/analyze-gba
+ananke/ananke.o
+ananke/libananke.so

ananke/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+include nall/Makefile
+include phoenix/Makefile
+
+path := /usr/local/lib
+flags := -I. -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer
+ifeq ($(arch),win32)
+  flags := -m32 $(flags)
+endif
+
+all:
+	$(cpp) $(flags) -fPIC -o ananke.o -c ananke.cpp
+ifeq ($(platform),x)
+	$(cpp) $(flags) -shared -Wl,-soname,libananke.so.1 -o libananke.so ananke.o
+else ifeq ($(platform),win)
+	$(cpp) $(flags) -fPIC -o phoenix.o -c phoenix/phoenix.cpp $(phoenixflags)
+	$(cpp) $(flags) -shared -o phoenix.dll phoenix.o $(phoenixlink)
+	$(cpp) $(flags) -shared -o ananke.dll ananke.o -L. -lphoenix
+endif
+
+resource: force
+	sourcery resource/resource.bml resource/resource.cpp resource/resource.hpp
+
+clean:
+	-@$(call delete,*.o)
+	-@$(call delete,*.so)
+
+install: uninstall
+ifeq ($(platform),x)
+	if [ ! -d ~/.config/ananke ]; then mkdir ~/.config/ananke; fi
+	sudo cp libananke.so $(path)/libananke.so.1
+	sudo ln -s $(path)/libananke.so.1 $(path)/libananke.so
+endif
+
+uninstall:
+ifeq ($(platform),x)
+	if [ -f $(path)/libananke.so ]; then sudo rm $(path)/libananke.so; fi
+	if [ -f $(path)/libananke.so.1 ]; then sudo rm $(path)/libananke.so.1; fi
+endif
+
+sync:
+ifeq ($(shell id -un),byuu)
+	if [ -d ./nall ]; then rm -r ./nall; fi
+	if [ -d ./phoenix ]; then rm -r ./phoenix; fi
+	cp -r ../nall ./nall
+	cp -r ../phoenix ./phoenix
+	rm -r nall/test
+	rm -r phoenix/nall
+	rm -r phoenix/test
+endif
+
+force:

ananke/ananke.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#include <nall/nall.hpp>
+#include <nall/beat/patch.hpp>
+#include "heuristics/famicom.hpp"
+#include "heuristics/super-famicom.hpp"
+#include "heuristics/game-boy.hpp"
+#include "heuristics/game-boy-advance.hpp"
+using namespace nall;
+
+#include <phoenix/phoenix.hpp>
+using namespace phoenix;
+
+namespace Database {
+  #include "database/super-famicom.hpp"
+  #include "database/sufami-turbo.hpp"
+  #include "database/bsx-satellaview.hpp"
+};
+
+struct Ananke {
+  #include "configuration.cpp"
+
+  struct Information {
+    string path;      //path to selected file
+    string name;      //name of selected file (inside of archive if .zip)
+    string archive;   //pathname of archive
+    string manifest;  //manifest from successfully applied patch
+  } information;
+
+  //archive.cpp
+  vector<uint8_t> extractROM();
+  vector<uint8_t> extractFile(const string &filename);
+
+  //patch.cpp
+  void applyBeatPatch(vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
+
+  //famicom.cpp
+  void copyFamicomSaves(const string &pathname);
+  string createFamicomHeuristic(vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
+  string openFamicom(vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
+
+  //super-famicom.cpp
+  void copySuperFamicomSaves(const string &pathname);
+  string createSuperFamicomDatabase(vector<uint8_t> &buffer, Markup::Node &document, const string &manifest);
+  string createSuperFamicomHeuristic(vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
+  void createSuperFamicomHeuristicFirmware(vector<uint8_t> &buffer, const string &pathname, bool firmware_appended);
+  string openSuperFamicom(vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
+
+  //sufami-turbo.cpp
+  void copySufamiTurboSaves(const string &pathname);
+  string createSufamiTurboDatabase(vector<uint8_t> &buffer, Markup::Node &document, const string &manifest);
+  string createSufamiTurboHeuristic(vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
+  string openSufamiTurbo(vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
+
+  //bsx-satellaview.cpp
+  string createBsxSatellaviewDatabase(vector<uint8_t> &buffer, Markup::Node &document, const string &manifest);
+  string createBsxSatellaviewHeuristic(vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
+  string openBsxSatellaview(vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
+
+  //game-boy.cpp
+  void copyGameBoySaves(const string &pathname);
+  string createGameBoyHeuristic(vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
+  string openGameBoy(vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
+
+  //game-boy-advance.cpp
+  void copyGameBoyAdvanceSaves(const string &pathname);
+  string createGameBoyAdvanceHeuristic(vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
+  string openGameBoyAdvance(vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
+
+  static bool supported(const string &filename);
+  string open(string filename = "");
+};
+
+#include "resource/resource.cpp"
+#include "file-dialog.cpp"
+#include "archive.cpp"
+#include "patch.cpp"
+#include "famicom.cpp"
+#include "super-famicom.cpp"
+#include "sufami-turbo.cpp"
+#include "bsx-satellaview.cpp"
+#include "game-boy.cpp"
+#include "game-boy-advance.cpp"
+
+FileDialog *fileDialog = nullptr;
+
+bool Ananke::supported(const string &filename) {
+  string extension = nall::extension(filename);
+
+  if(extension == "fc" ) return true;
+  if(extension == "nes") return true;
+  if(extension == "sfc") return true;
+  if(extension == "smc") return true;
+  if(extension == "st" ) return true;
+  if(extension == "bs" ) return true;
+  if(extension == "gb" ) return true;
+  if(extension == "gbc") return true;
+  if(extension == "gba") return true;
+  if(extension == "zip") return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+string Ananke::open(string filename) {
+  if(filename.empty()) {
+    if(!fileDialog) fileDialog = new FileDialog;
+    fileDialog->setPath(config.path);
+    filename = fileDialog->open();
+  }
+
+  if(filename.empty()) return "";
+
+  information.path = dir(filename);
+  information.name = notdir(filename);
+  config.path = information.path;  //remember last used directory
+
+  vector<uint8_t> buffer;
+  if(filename.endswith(".zip")) {
+    information.archive = filename;
+    buffer = extractROM();
+  } else {
+    buffer = file::read(filename);
+  }
+  if(buffer.size() == 0) return "";  //failed to read file
+
+  applyBeatPatch(buffer);
+
+  if(information.name.endswith(".fc") || information.name.endswith(".nes")) return openFamicom(buffer);
+  if(information.name.endswith(".sfc") || information.name.endswith(".smc")) return openSuperFamicom(buffer);
+  if(information.name.endswith(".st")) return openSufamiTurbo(buffer);
+  if(information.name.endswith(".bs")) return openBsxSatellaview(buffer);
+  if(information.name.endswith(".gb") || information.name.endswith(".gbc")) return openGameBoy(buffer);
+  if(information.name.endswith(".gba")) return openGameBoyAdvance(buffer);
+  return "";
+}
+
+extern "C" string ananke_browse(const string &filename) {
+  Ananke ananke;
+  return ananke.open();
+}
+
+extern "C" string ananke_open(const string &filename) {
+  Ananke ananke;
+  return ananke.open(filename);
+}

ananke/archive.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+vector<uint8_t> Ananke::extractROM() {
+  unzip archive;
+  if(archive.open(information.archive)) {
+    for(auto &file : archive.file) {
+      if(
+         file.name.endswith(".fc") || file.name.endswith(".nes")
+      || file.name.endswith(".sfc") || file.name.endswith(".smc")
+      || file.name.endswith(".gb") || file.name.endswith(".gbc")
+      || file.name.endswith(".gba")
+      ) {
+        information.name = notdir(file.name);
+        return archive.extract(file);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return vector<uint8_t>();
+}
+
+vector<uint8_t> Ananke::extractFile(const string &filename) {
+  unzip archive;
+  if(archive.open(information.archive)) {
+    for(auto &file : archive.file) {
+      if(notdir(file.name) == filename) {
+        return archive.extract(file);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return vector<uint8_t>();
+}

ananke/bsx-satellaview.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+string Ananke::createBsxSatellaviewDatabase(vector<uint8_t> &buffer, Markup::Node &document, const string &manifest) {
+  string pathname = {
+    userpath(), "Emulation/BS-X Satellaview/",
+    document["release/information/name"].text(),
+    " (", document["release/information/region"].text(), ")",
+    " (", document["release/information/revision"].text(), ")",
+    ".bs/"
+  };
+  directory::create(pathname);
+
+  //strip "release" root node from database entry (since a single game manifest isn't part of a database)
+  string markup = manifest;
+  markup.replace("\n  ", "\n");
+  markup.replace("information", "\ninformation");
+  markup.ltrim<1>("release\n");
+
+  file::write({pathname, "manifest.bml"}, markup);
+  file::write({pathname, "program.rom"}, buffer);
+
+  return "";
+}
+
+string Ananke::createBsxSatellaviewHeuristic(vector<uint8_t> &buffer) {
+  string pathname = {
+    userpath(), "Emulation/BS-X Satellaview/",
+    nall::basename(information.name),
+    " (!).bs/"
+  };
+  directory::create(pathname);
+
+  file::write({pathname, "manifest.bml"}, {
+    "cartridge\n"
+    "  rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(buffer.size()), " type=FlashROM\n",
+    "\n",
+    "information\n",
+    "  title: ", nall::basename(information.name), "\n"
+  });
+  file::write({pathname, "program.rom"}, buffer);
+
+  return "";
+}
+
+string Ananke::openBsxSatellaview(vector<uint8_t> &buffer) {
+  string sha256 = nall::sha256(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+
+  string databaseText = string::read({configpath(), "ananke/database/BS-X Satellaview.bml"}).strip();
+  if(databaseText.empty()) databaseText = string{Database::BsxSatellaview}.strip();
+  lstring databaseItem = databaseText.split("\n\n");
+
+  for(auto &item : databaseItem) {
+    item.append("\n");
+    auto document = Markup::Document(item);
+
+    if(document["release/information/sha256"].text() == sha256) {
+      return createBsxSatellaviewDatabase(buffer, document, item);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return createBsxSatellaviewHeuristic(buffer);
+}

ananke/configuration.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+struct Configuration : configuration {
+  string path;
+
+  Configuration() {
+    append(path = userpath(), "Path");
+    directory::create({configpath(), "ananke/"});
+    load({configpath(), "ananke/settings.cfg"});
+  }
+
+  ~Configuration() {
+    save({configpath(), "ananke/settings.cfg"});
+  }
+} config;

ananke/database/bsx-satellaview.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+string BsxSatellaview = R"(
+
+database revision=2013-01-12
+
+release
+  cartridge
+    rom name=program.rom size=0x80000 type=MaskROM
+  information
+    title:    鮫亀 キャラカセット
+    name:     Same Game - Character Cassette
+    region:   JP
+    revision: 1.0
+    board:    BSMC-CR-01
+    serial:   BSMC-ZS5J-JPN
+    sha256:   80c34b50817d58820bc8c88d2d9fa462550b4a76372e19c6467cbfbc8cf5d9ef
+    configuration
+      rom name=program.rom size=0x80000 type=MaskROM
+
+)";

ananke/database/sufami-turbo.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+string SufamiTurbo = R"(
+
+database revision=2013-01-12
+
+release
+  cartridge linkable
+    rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+    ram name=save.ram size=0x800
+  information
+    title:    SDウルトラバトル ウルトラマン伝説
+    name:     SD Ultra Battle - Ultraman Densetsu
+    region:   JP
+    revision: 1.0
+    serial:   SFT-0101-JPN
+    sha256:   2bb55214fb668ca603d7b944b14f105dfb10b987a8902d420fe4ae1cb69c1d4a
+    configuration
+      rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+      ram name=save.ram size=0x800
+      linkable
+
+release
+  cartridge linkable
+    rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+    ram name=save.ram size=0x800
+  information
+    title:    SDウルトラバトル セブン伝説
+    name:     SD Ultra Battle - Seven Densetsu
+    region:   JP
+    revision: 1.0
+    serial:   SFT-0102-JPN
+    sha256:   2fec5f2bc7dee010af10569a3d2bc18715a79a126940800c3eade5abbd625e3f
+    configuration
+      rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+      ram name=save.ram size=0x800
+      linkable
+
+release
+  cartridge linkable
+    rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+    ram name=save.ram size=0x800
+  information
+    title:    ポイポイ忍者ワールド
+    name:     Poi Poi Ninja World
+    region:   JP
+    revision: 1.0
+    serial:   SFT-0103-JPN
+    sha256:   602b20b788640f5743487108a10f3f77bca5ce2d24208b25b1ca498a96eb0d69
+    configuration
+      rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+      ram name=save.ram size=0x800
+      linkable
+
+release
+  cartridge linkable
+    rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+    ram name=save.ram size=0x2000
+  information
+    title:    SDガンダムジェネレーション 一年戦争記
+    name:     SD Gundam Generation - Ichinen Sensouki
+    region:   JP
+    revision: 1.0
+    serial:   SFT-0104-JPN
+    sha256:   3e82215bed08274874b30d461fc4a965c6bca932229da5d46d56e36f484d65eb
+    configuration
+      rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+      ram name=save.ram size=0x2000
+      linkable
+
+release
+  cartridge linkable
+    rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+    ram name=save.ram size=0x2000
+  information
+    title:    SDガンダムジェネレーション グリプス戦記
+    name:     SD Gundam Generation - Grips Senki
+    region:   JP
+    revision: 1.0
+    serial:   SFT-0105-JPN
+    sha256:   8547a08ed11fe408eac282a90ac46654bd2e5f49bda3aec8e5edf166a0a4b9af
+    configuration
+      rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+      ram name=save.ram size=0x2000
+      linkable
+
+release
+  cartridge
+    rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+  information
+    title:    ゲゲゲの鬼太郎 妖怪ドンジャラ
+    name:     Gegege no Kitarou - Youkai Donjara
+    region:   JP
+    revision: 1.0
+    serial:   SFT-0106-JPN
+    sha256:   d93b3a570e7cf343f680ab0768a50b77e3577f9c555007e2de3decd6bc4765c8
+    configuration
+      rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+
+release
+  cartridge linkable
+    rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+    ram name=save.ram size=0x2000
+  information
+    title:    SDガンダムジェネレーション アクシズ戦記
+    name:     SD Gundam Generation - Axis Senki
+    region:   JP
+    revision: 1.0
+    serial:   SFT-0107-JPN
+    sha256:   2a9d7c9a61318861028a73ca03e32a48cff162d76cba36fbaab8690b212efe9b
+    configuration
+      rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+      ram name=save.ram size=0x2000
+      linkable
+
+release
+  cartridge linkable
+    rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+    ram name=save.ram size=0x2000
+  information
+    title:    SDガンダムジェネレーション バビロニア建国戦記
+    name:     SD Gundam Generation - Babylonia Kenkoku Senki
+    region:   JP
+    revision: 1.0
+    serial:   SFT-0108-JPN
+    sha256:   60ac017c18f534e8cf24ca7f38e22ce92db95ea6c30b2d59d76f13c4f1c8a6e4
+    configuration
+      rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+      ram name=save.ram size=0x2000
+      linkable
+
+release
+  cartridge linkable
+    rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+    ram name=save.ram size=0x2000
+  information
+    title:    SDガンダムジェネレーション ザンスカール戦記
+    name:     SD Gundam Generation - Zanscar Senki
+    region:   JP
+    revision: 1.0
+    serial:   SFT-0110-JPN
+    sha256:   5951a58a91d8e397d0a237ccc2b1248e17c7312cb9cc11cbc350200a97b4e021
+    configuration
+      rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+      ram name=save.ram size=0x2000
+      linkable
+
+release
+  cartridge linkable
+    rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+    ram name=save.ram size=0x800
+  information
+    title:    SDガンダムジェネレーション コロニー格闘記
+    name:     SD Gundam Generation - Colony Kakutouki
+    region:   JP
+    revision: 1.0
+    serial:   SFT-0111-JPN
+    sha256:   e639b5d5d722432b6809ccc6801dc584e1a3016379f34b335ed2dfa73b1ebf69
+    configuration
+      rom name=program.rom size=0x80000
+      ram name=save.ram size=0x800
+      linkable
+
+)";

ananke/famicom.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+void Ananke::copyFamicomSaves(const string &pathname) {
+  if(!file::exists({pathname, "save.ram"})) {
+    if(file::exists({information.path, nall::basename(information.name), ".sav"})) {
+      file::copy({information.path, nall::basename(information.name), ".srm"}, {pathname, "save.ram"});
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+string Ananke::createFamicomHeuristic(vector<uint8_t> &buffer) {
+  string pathname = {
+    userpath(), "Emulation/Famicom/",
+    nall::basename(information.name),
+    " (!).fc/"
+  };
+  directory::create(pathname);
+
+  FamicomCartridge info(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+  string markup = info.markup();
+  markup.append("\ninformation\n  title: ", nall::basename(information.name), "\n");
+  if(!information.manifest.empty()) markup = information.manifest;  //override with embedded beat manifest, if one exists
+
+  file::write({pathname, "manifest.bml"}, markup);
+  file::write({pathname, "program.rom"}, buffer.data() + 16, info.prgrom);
+  if(info.chrrom > 0) file::write({pathname, "character.rom"}, buffer.data() + 16 + info.prgrom, info.chrrom);
+
+  copyFamicomSaves(pathname);
+  return pathname;
+}
+
+string Ananke::openFamicom(vector<uint8_t> &buffer) {
+  return createFamicomHeuristic(buffer);
+}

ananke/file-dialog.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+struct FileDialog : Window {
+  VerticalLayout layout;
+    HorizontalLayout pathLayout;
+      LineEdit pathEdit;
+      Button homeButton;
+      Button upButton;
+    ListView fileList;
+    HorizontalLayout controlLayout;
+      Label filterLabel;
+      Button openButton;
+
+  string open() {
+    setModal();
+    setVisible();
+    fileList.setFocused();
+    filename = "";
+    bool backspace = false;
+
+    dialogActive = true;
+    while(dialogActive) {
+      OS::processEvents();
+      if(Keyboard::pressed(Keyboard::Scancode::Escape)) onClose();
+      if(Keyboard::pressed(Keyboard::Scancode::Backspace)) {
+        if(backspace == false) {
+          backspace = true;
+          if(fileList.focused()) upButton.onActivate();
+        }
+      } else {
+        backspace = false;
+      }
+      usleep(20 * 1000);
+    }
+
+    return filename;
+  }
+
+  void setPath(const string &path) {
+    pathname = string{path}.transform("\\", "/");
+    if(pathname.empty()) pathname = userpath();
+    if(pathname.endswith("/") == false) pathname.append("/");
+    pathEdit.setText(pathname);
+
+    fileList.reset();
+    filenameList.reset();
+
+    lstring folders = directory::ifolders(pathname);
+    for(auto &folder : folders) {
+      fileList.append(string{folder}.rtrim<1>("/"));
+      fileList.setImage(filenameList.size(), 0, {resource::folder, sizeof resource::folder});
+      filenameList.append({pathname, folder});
+    }
+
+    lstring files = directory::ifiles(pathname);
+    for(auto &file : files) {
+      if(Ananke::supported(file) == false) continue;  //ignore unsupported extensions
+      fileList.append(file);
+      if(extension(file) == "zip") {
+        fileList.setImage(filenameList.size(), 0, {resource::archive, sizeof resource::archive});
+      } else {
+        fileList.setImage(filenameList.size(), 0, {resource::file, sizeof resource::file});
+      }
+      filenameList.append({pathname, file});
+    }
+
+    fileList.setSelection(0);
+    fileList.setSelected();
+    fileList.setFocused();
+  }
+
+  FileDialog() {
+    setFrameGeometry({64, 64, 480, 600});
+    setTitle("Load Image");
+
+    layout.setMargin(5);
+    homeButton.setImage({resource::home, sizeof resource::home});
+    upButton.setImage({resource::up, sizeof resource::up});
+    filterLabel.setText("Filter: *.fc, *.sfc, *.st, *.bs, *.gb, *.gbc, *.gba, *.nes, *.smc, *.zip");
+    openButton.setText("Open");
+
+    append(layout);
+    layout.append(pathLayout, {~0, 0}, 5);
+      pathLayout.append(pathEdit, {~0, 0}, 5);
+      pathLayout.append(homeButton, {28, 28}, 5);
+      pathLayout.append(upButton, {28, 28});
+    layout.append(fileList, {~0, ~0}, 5);
+    layout.append(controlLayout, {~0, 0});
+      controlLayout.append(filterLabel, {~0, 0}, 5);
+      controlLayout.append(openButton, {80, 0});
+
+    pathEdit.onActivate = [&] {
+      string path = pathEdit.text();
+      setPath(path);
+    };
+
+    homeButton.onActivate = [&] {
+      setPath(userpath());
+    };
+
+    upButton.onActivate = [&] {
+      setPath(parentdir(pathname));
+    };
+
+    fileList.onActivate = openButton.onActivate = [&] {
+      if(fileList.selected() == false) return;
+      string name = filenameList(fileList.selection());
+      if(name.empty()) return;
+
+      if(name.endswith("/")) return setPath(name);
+      filename = name;
+      onClose();
+    };
+
+    onClose = [&] {
+      dialogActive = false;
+      setModal(false);
+      setVisible(false);
+    };
+  }
+
+private:
+  bool dialogActive;
+  string pathname;
+  string filename;
+  lstring filenameList;
+};

ananke/game-boy-advance.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+void Ananke::copyGameBoyAdvanceSaves(const string &pathname) {
+  if(!file::exists({pathname, "save.ram"})) {
+    if(file::exists({information.path, nall::basename(information.name), ".sav"})) {
+      file::copy({information.path, nall::basename(information.name), ".sav"}, {pathname, "save.ram"});
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(!file::exists({pathname, "rtc.ram"})) {
+    if(file::exists({information.path, nall::basename(information.name), ".rtc"})) {
+      file::copy({information.path, nall::basename(information.name), ".rtc"}, {pathname, "rtc.ram"});
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+string Ananke::createGameBoyAdvanceHeuristic(vector<uint8_t> &buffer) {
+  string pathname = {
+    userpath(), "Emulation/Game Boy Advance/",
+    nall::basename(information.name),
+    " (!).gba/"
+  };
+  directory::create(pathname);
+
+  GameBoyAdvanceCartridge info(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+  string markup = info.markup;
+  markup.append("\ninformation\n  title: ", nall::basename(information.name), "\n");
+  if(!information.manifest.empty()) markup = information.manifest;  //override with embedded beat manifest, if one exists
+
+  file::write({pathname, "manifest.bml"}, markup);
+  file::write({pathname, "program.rom"}, buffer);
+
+  copyGameBoyAdvanceSaves(pathname);
+  return pathname;
+}
+
+string Ananke::openGameBoyAdvance(vector<uint8_t> &buffer) {
+  return createGameBoyAdvanceHeuristic(buffer);
+}

ananke/game-boy.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+void Ananke::copyGameBoySaves(const string &pathname) {
+  if(!file::exists({pathname, "save.ram"})) {
+    if(file::exists({information.path, nall::basename(information.name), ".sav"})) {
+      file::copy({information.path, nall::basename(information.name), ".sav"}, {pathname, "save.ram"});
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(!file::exists({pathname, "rtc.ram"})) {
+    if(file::exists({information.path, nall::basename(information.name), ".rtc"})) {
+      file::copy({information.path, nall::basename(information.name), ".rtc"}, {pathname, "rtc.ram"});
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+string Ananke::createGameBoyHeuristic(vector<uint8_t> &buffer) {
+  GameBoyCartridge info(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+
+  string pathname = {
+    userpath(),
+    "Emulation/Game Boy", (info.info.cgb ? " Color" : ""), "/",
+    nall::basename(information.name),
+    " (!).", (info.info.cgb ? "gbc" : "gb"), "/"
+  };
+  directory::create(pathname);
+
+  string markup = info.markup;
+  markup.append("\ninformation\n  title: ", nall::basename(information.name), "\n");
+  if(!information.manifest.empty()) markup = information.manifest;  //override with embedded beat manifest, if one exists
+
+  file::write({pathname, "manifest.bml"}, markup);
+  file::write({pathname, "program.rom"}, buffer);
+
+  copyGameBoySaves(pathname);
+  return pathname;
+}
+
+string Ananke::openGameBoy(vector<uint8_t> &buffer) {
+  return createGameBoyHeuristic(buffer);
+}

ananke/heuristics/famicom.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+#ifndef NALL_EMULATION_FAMICOM_HPP
+#define NALL_EMULATION_FAMICOM_HPP
+
+#include <nall/sha256.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct FamicomCartridge {
+  string markup;
+  inline FamicomCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+
+//private:
+  unsigned mapper;
+  unsigned mirror;
+  unsigned prgrom;
+  unsigned prgram;
+  unsigned chrrom;
+  unsigned chrram;
+};
+
+FamicomCartridge::FamicomCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  markup = "";
+  if(size < 16) return;
+  if(data[0] != 'N') return;
+  if(data[1] != 'E') return;
+  if(data[2] != 'S') return;
+  if(data[3] !=  26) return;
+
+  mapper = ((data[7] >> 4) << 4) | (data[6] >> 4);
+  mirror = ((data[6] & 0x08) >> 2) | (data[6] & 0x01);
+  prgrom = data[4] * 0x4000;
+  chrrom = data[5] * 0x2000;
+  prgram = 0u;
+  chrram = chrrom == 0u ? 8192u : 0u;
+
+  markup.append("cartridge\n");
+
+  switch(mapper) {
+  default:
+    markup.append("  board type=NES-NROM-256\n");
+    markup.append("  mirror mode=", mirror == 0 ? "horizontal" : "vertical", "\n");
+    break;
+
+  case   1:
+    markup.append("  board type=NES-SXROM\n");
+    markup.append("  chip type=MMC1B2\n");
+    prgram = 8192;
+    break;
+
+  case   2:
+    markup.append("  board type=NES-UOROM\n");
+    markup.append("  mirror mode=", mirror == 0 ? "horizontal" : "vertical", "\n");
+    break;
+
+  case   3:
+    markup.append("  board type=NES-CNROM\n");
+    markup.append("  mirror mode=", mirror == 0 ? "horizontal" : "vertical", "\n");
+    break;
+
+  case   4:
+    //MMC3
+    markup.append("  board type=NES-TLROM\n");
+    markup.append("  chip type=MMC3B\n");
+    prgram = 8192;
+    //MMC6
+  //markup.append("  board type=NES-HKROM\n");
+  //markup.append("  chip type=MMC6n");
+  //prgram = 1024;
+    break;
+
+  case   5:
+    markup.append("  board type=NES-ELROM\n");
+    markup.append("  chip type=MMC5\n");
+    prgram = 65536;
+    break;
+
+  case   7:
+    markup.append("  board type=NES-AOROM\n");
+    break;
+
+  case   9:
+    markup.append("  board type=NES-PNROM\n");
+    markup.append("  chip type=MMC2\n");
+    prgram = 8192;
+    break;
+
+  case  10:
+    markup.append("  board type=NES-FKROM\n");
+    markup.append("  chip type=MMC4\n");
+    prgram = 8192;
+    break;
+
+  case  16:
+    markup.append("  board type=BANDAI-FCG\n");
+    markup.append("  chip type=LZ93D50\n");
+    break;
+
+  case  21:
+  case  23:
+  case  25:
+    //VRC4
+    markup.append("  board type=KONAMI-VRC-4\n");
+    markup.append("  chip type=VRC4\n");
+    markup.append("    pinout a0=1 a1=0\n");
+    prgram = 8192;
+    break;
+
+  case  22:
+    //VRC2
+    markup.append("  board type=KONAMI-VRC-2\n");
+    markup.append("  chip type=VRC2\n");
+    markup.append("    pinout a0=0 a1=1\n");
+    break;
+
+  case  24:
+    markup.append("  board type=KONAMI-VRC-6\n");
+    markup.append("  chip type=VRC6\n");
+    break;
+
+  case  26:
+    markup.append("  board type=KONAMI-VRC-6\n");
+    markup.append("  chip type=VRC6\n");
+    prgram = 8192;
+    break;
+
+  case  34:
+    markup.append("  board type=NES-BNROM\n");
+    markup.append("  mirror mode=", mirror == 0 ? "horizontal" : "vertical", "\n");
+    break;
+
+  case  66:
+    markup.append("  board type=NES-GNROM\n");
+    markup.append("  mirror mode=", mirror == 0 ? "horizontal" : "vertical", "\n");
+    break;
+
+  case  69:
+    markup.append("  board type=SUNSOFT-5B\n");
+    markup.append("  chip type=5B\n");
+    prgram = 8192;
+    break;
+
+  case  73:
+    markup.append("  board type=KONAMI-VRC-3\n");
+    markup.append("  chip type=VRC3\n");
+    markup.append("  mirror mode=", mirror == 0 ? "horizontal" : "vertical", "\n");
+    prgram = 8192;
+    break;
+
+  case  75:
+    markup.append("  board type=KONAMI-VRC-1\n");
+    markup.append("  chip type=VRC1\n");
+    break;
+
+  case  85:
+    markup.append("  board type=KONAMI-VRC-7\n");
+    markup.append("  chip type=VRC7\n");
+    prgram = 8192;
+    break;
+  }
+
+  markup.append("  prg\n");
+  if(prgrom) markup.append("    rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(prgrom), "\n");
+  if(prgram) markup.append("    ram name=save.ram size=0x", hex(prgram), "\n");
+
+  markup.append("  chr\n");
+  if(chrrom) markup.append("    rom name=character.rom size=0x", hex(chrrom), "\n");
+  if(chrram) markup.append("    ram size=0x", hex(chrram), "\n");
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/heuristics/game-boy-advance.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#ifndef NALL_EMULATION_GAME_BOY_ADVANCE_HPP
+#define NALL_EMULATION_GAME_BOY_ADVANCE_HPP
+
+#include <nall/sha256.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+#include <nall/vector.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct GameBoyAdvanceCartridge {
+  string markup;
+  string identifiers;
+  inline GameBoyAdvanceCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+};
+
+GameBoyAdvanceCartridge::GameBoyAdvanceCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  struct Identifier {
+    string name;
+    unsigned size;
+  };
+  vector<Identifier> idlist;
+  idlist.append({"SRAM_V",      6});
+  idlist.append({"SRAM_F_V",    8});
+  idlist.append({"EEPROM_V",    8});
+  idlist.append({"FLASH_V",     7});
+  idlist.append({"FLASH512_V", 10});
+  idlist.append({"FLASH1M_V",   9});
+
+  lstring list;
+  for(auto &id : idlist) {
+    for(signed n = 0; n < size - 16; n++) {
+      if(!memcmp(data + n, (const char*)id.name, id.size)) {
+        const char *p = (const char*)data + n + id.size;
+        if(p[0] >= '0' && p[0] <= '9'
+        && p[1] >= '0' && p[1] <= '9'
+        && p[2] >= '0' && p[2] <= '9'
+        ) {
+          char text[16];
+          memcpy(text, data + n, id.size + 3);
+          text[id.size + 3] = 0;
+          list.appendonce(text);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  identifiers = list.concatenate(",");
+
+  markup = "";
+  markup.append("cartridge\n");
+  markup.append("  rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(size), "\n");
+  if(0);
+  else if(identifiers.beginswith("SRAM_V"    )) markup.append("  ram name=save.ram type=SRAM size=0x8000\n");
+  else if(identifiers.beginswith("SRAM_F_V"  )) markup.append("  ram name=save.ram type=FRAM size=0x8000\n");
+  else if(identifiers.beginswith("EEPROM_V"  )) markup.append("  ram name=save.ram type=EEPROM size=0x0\n");
+  else if(identifiers.beginswith("FLASH_V"   )) markup.append("  ram name=save.ram type=FlashROM size=0x10000\n");
+  else if(identifiers.beginswith("FLASH512_V")) markup.append("  ram name=save.ram type=FlashROM size=0x10000\n");
+  else if(identifiers.beginswith("FLASH1M_V" )) markup.append("  ram name=save.ram type=FlashROM size=0x20000\n");
+//if(identifiers.empty() == false) markup.append("  #detected: ", identifiers, "\n");
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/heuristics/game-boy.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#ifndef NALL_EMULATION_GAME_BOY_HPP
+#define NALL_EMULATION_GAME_BOY_HPP
+
+#include <nall/sha256.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct GameBoyCartridge {
+  string markup;
+  inline GameBoyCartridge(uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+
+//private:
+  struct Information {
+    string mapper;
+    bool ram;
+    bool battery;
+    bool rtc;
+    bool rumble;
+
+    unsigned romsize;
+    unsigned ramsize;
+
+    bool cgb;
+    bool cgbonly;
+  } info;
+};
+
+GameBoyCartridge::GameBoyCartridge(uint8_t *romdata, unsigned romsize) {
+  markup = "";
+  if(romsize < 0x4000) return;
+
+  info.mapper = "unknown";
+  info.ram = false;
+  info.battery = false;
+  info.rtc = false;
+  info.rumble = false;
+
+  info.romsize = 0;
+  info.ramsize = 0;
+
+  unsigned base = romsize - 0x8000;
+  if(romdata[base + 0x0104] == 0xce && romdata[base + 0x0105] == 0xed
+  && romdata[base + 0x0106] == 0x66 && romdata[base + 0x0107] == 0x66
+  && romdata[base + 0x0108] == 0xcc && romdata[base + 0x0109] == 0x0d
+  && romdata[base + 0x0147] >= 0x0b && romdata[base + 0x0147] <= 0x0d
+  ) {
+    //MMM01 stores header at bottom of image
+    //flip this around for consistency with all other mappers
+    uint8_t header[0x8000];
+    memcpy(header, romdata + base, 0x8000);
+    memmove(romdata + 0x8000, romdata, romsize - 0x8000);
+    memcpy(romdata, header, 0x8000);
+  }
+
+  info.cgb     = (romdata[0x0143] & 0x80) == 0x80;
+  info.cgbonly = (romdata[0x0143] & 0xc0) == 0xc0;
+
+  switch(romdata[0x0147]) {
+    case 0x00: info.mapper = "none";  break;
+    case 0x01: info.mapper = "MBC1";  break;
+    case 0x02: info.mapper = "MBC1";  info.ram = true; break;
+    case 0x03: info.mapper = "MBC1";  info.ram = true; info.battery = true; break;
+    case 0x05: info.mapper = "MBC2";  info.ram = true; break;
+    case 0x06: info.mapper = "MBC2";  info.ram = true; info.battery = true; break;
+    case 0x08: info.mapper = "none";  info.ram = true; break;
+    case 0x09: info.mapper = "MBC0";  info.ram = true; info.battery = true; break;
+    case 0x0b: info.mapper = "MMM01"; break;
+    case 0x0c: info.mapper = "MMM01"; info.ram = true; break;
+    case 0x0d: info.mapper = "MMM01"; info.ram = true; info.battery = true; break;
+    case 0x0f: info.mapper = "MBC3";  info.rtc = true; info.battery = true; break;
+    case 0x10: info.mapper = "MBC3";  info.rtc = true; info.ram = true; info.battery = true; break;
+    case 0x11: info.mapper = "MBC3";  break;
+    case 0x12: info.mapper = "MBC3";  info.ram = true; break;
+    case 0x13: info.mapper = "MBC3";  info.ram = true; info.battery = true; break;
+    case 0x19: info.mapper = "MBC5";  break;
+    case 0x1a: info.mapper = "MBC5";  info.ram = true; break;
+    case 0x1b: info.mapper = "MBC5";  info.ram = true; info.battery = true; break;
+    case 0x1c: info.mapper = "MBC5";  info.rumble = true; break;
+    case 0x1d: info.mapper = "MBC5";  info.rumble = true; info.ram = true; break;
+    case 0x1e: info.mapper = "MBC5";  info.rumble = true; info.ram = true; info.battery = true; break;
+    case 0xfc: break;  //Pocket Camera
+    case 0xfd: break;  //Bandai TAMA5
+    case 0xfe: info.mapper = "HuC3";  break;
+    case 0xff: info.mapper = "HuC1";  info.ram = true; info.battery = true; break;
+  }
+
+  switch(romdata[0x0148]) { default:
+    case 0x00: info.romsize =   2 * 16 * 1024; break;
+    case 0x01: info.romsize =   4 * 16 * 1024; break;
+    case 0x02: info.romsize =   8 * 16 * 1024; break;
+    case 0x03: info.romsize =  16 * 16 * 1024; break;
+    case 0x04: info.romsize =  32 * 16 * 1024; break;
+    case 0x05: info.romsize =  64 * 16 * 1024; break;
+    case 0x06: info.romsize = 128 * 16 * 1024; break;
+    case 0x07: info.romsize = 256 * 16 * 1024; break;
+    case 0x52: info.romsize =  72 * 16 * 1024; break;
+    case 0x53: info.romsize =  80 * 16 * 1024; break;
+    case 0x54: info.romsize =  96 * 16 * 1024; break;
+  }
+
+  switch(romdata[0x0149]) { default:
+    case 0x00: info.ramsize =  0 * 1024; break;
+    case 0x01: info.ramsize =  2 * 1024; break;
+    case 0x02: info.ramsize =  8 * 1024; break;
+    case 0x03: info.ramsize = 32 * 1024; break;
+  }
+
+  if(info.mapper == "MBC2") info.ramsize = 512;  //512 x 4-bit
+
+  markup = "";
+  markup.append("cartridge\n");
+  markup.append("  board type=", info.mapper, "\n");
+  markup.append("  rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(romsize), "\n");
+  if(info.ramsize > 0) markup.append("  ram name=save.ram size=0x", hex(info.ramsize), "\n");
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/heuristics/satellaview.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#ifndef NALL_EMULATION_SATELLAVIEW_HPP
+#define NALL_EMULATION_SATELLAVIEW_HPP
+
+#include <nall/sha256.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct SatellaviewCartridge {
+  string markup;
+  inline SatellaviewCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+};
+
+SatellaviewCartridge::SatellaviewCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  markup = "";
+
+  markup.append("<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>\n");
+  markup.append("<cartridge sha256='", sha256(data, size) ,"'>\n");
+  markup.append("  <rom name='program.rom' size='0x", hex(size), "'/>\n");
+  markup.append("</cartridge>\n");
+  markup.transform("'", "\"");
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/heuristics/sufami-turbo.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef NALL_EMULATION_SUFAMI_TURBO_HPP
+#define NALL_EMULATION_SUFAMI_TURBO_HPP
+
+#include <nall/sha256.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct SufamiTurboCartridge {
+  string markup;
+  inline SufamiTurboCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+};
+
+SufamiTurboCartridge::SufamiTurboCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  markup = "";
+
+  if(size < 0x20000) return;  //too small to be a valid game?
+  if(memcmp(data, "BANDAI SFC-ADX", 14)) return;  //missing required header?
+  unsigned romsize = data[0x36] * 0x20000;  //128KB
+  unsigned ramsize = data[0x37] *   0x800;    //2KB
+  bool linkable = data[0x35] != 0x00;  //TODO: unconfirmed
+
+  markup.append("<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>\n");
+  markup.append("<cartridge linkable='", linkable, "' sha256='", sha256(data, size) ,"'>\n");
+  markup.append("  <rom name='program.rom' size='0x", hex(romsize), "'/>\n");
+  markup.append("  <ram name='save.ram' size='0x", hex(ramsize), "'/>\n");
+  markup.append("</cartridge>\n");
+  markup.transform("'", "\"");
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/heuristics/super-famicom.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,814 @@
+#ifndef NALL_EMULATION_SUPER_FAMICOM_HPP
+#define NALL_EMULATION_SUPER_FAMICOM_HPP
+
+#include <nall/sha256.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct SuperFamicomCartridge {
+  string markup;
+  inline SuperFamicomCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+
+//private:
+  inline void read_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline unsigned find_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline unsigned score_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size, unsigned addr);
+
+  enum HeaderField {
+    CartName    = 0x00,
+    Mapper      = 0x15,
+    RomType     = 0x16,
+    RomSize     = 0x17,
+    RamSize     = 0x18,
+    CartRegion  = 0x19,
+    Company     = 0x1a,
+    Version     = 0x1b,
+    Complement  = 0x1c,  //inverse checksum
+    Checksum    = 0x1e,
+    ResetVector = 0x3c,
+  };
+
+  enum Mode {
+    ModeNormal,
+    ModeBsxSlotted,
+    ModeBsx,
+    ModeSufamiTurbo,
+    ModeSuperGameBoy,
+  };
+
+  enum Type {
+    TypeNormal,
+    TypeBsxSlotted,
+    TypeBsxBios,
+    TypeBsx,
+    TypeSufamiTurboBios,
+    TypeSufamiTurbo,
+    TypeSuperGameBoy1Bios,
+    TypeSuperGameBoy2Bios,
+    TypeGameBoy,
+    TypeUnknown,
+  };
+
+  enum Region {
+    NTSC,
+    PAL,
+  };
+
+  enum MemoryMapper {
+    LoROM,
+    HiROM,
+    ExLoROM,
+    ExHiROM,
+    SuperFXROM,
+    SA1ROM,
+    SPC7110ROM,
+    BSCLoROM,
+    BSCHiROM,
+    BSXROM,
+    STROM,
+  };
+
+  enum DSP1MemoryMapper {
+    DSP1Unmapped,
+    DSP1LoROM1MB,
+    DSP1LoROM2MB,
+    DSP1HiROM,
+  };
+
+  bool loaded;             //is a base cartridge inserted?
+  unsigned crc32;          //crc32 of all cartridges (base+slot(s))
+  unsigned rom_size;
+  unsigned ram_size;
+  bool firmware_appended;  //true if firmware is appended to end of ROM data
+
+  Mode mode;
+  Type type;
+  Region region;
+  MemoryMapper mapper;
+  DSP1MemoryMapper dsp1_mapper;
+
+  bool has_bsx_slot;
+  bool has_superfx;
+  bool has_sa1;
+  bool has_srtc;
+  bool has_sdd1;
+  bool has_spc7110;
+  bool has_spc7110rtc;
+  bool has_cx4;
+  bool has_dsp1;
+  bool has_dsp2;
+  bool has_dsp3;
+  bool has_dsp4;
+  bool has_obc1;
+  bool has_st010;
+  bool has_st011;
+  bool has_st018;
+};
+
+SuperFamicomCartridge::SuperFamicomCartridge(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  firmware_appended = false;
+
+  //skip copier header
+  if((size & 0x7fff) == 512) data += 512, size -= 512;
+
+  markup = "";
+  if(size < 0x8000) return;
+
+  read_header(data, size);
+
+  markup = "";
+  if(type == TypeGameBoy) return;
+  if(type == TypeBsx) return;
+  if(type == TypeSufamiTurbo) return;
+
+  const char *range = (rom_size > 0x200000) || (ram_size > 32 * 1024) ? "0000-7fff" : "0000-ffff";
+  markup.append("cartridge region=", region == NTSC ? "NTSC" : "PAL", "\n");
+
+  if(type == TypeSuperGameBoy1Bios || type == TypeSuperGameBoy2Bios) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(rom_size), "\n"
+      "  map id=rom address=00-7f,80-ff:8000-ffff\n"
+      "  icd2 revision=1\n"
+      "    rom name=boot.rom size=0x100\n"
+      "    map id=io address=00-3f,80-bf:6000-7fff\n"
+    );
+    if((rom_size & 0x7fff) == 0x100) {
+      firmware_appended = true;
+      rom_size -= 0x100;
+    }
+  }
+
+  else if(has_cx4) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  hitachidsp model=HG51B169 frequency=20000000\n"
+      "    rom id=program name=program.rom size=0x", hex(rom_size), "\n"
+      "    rom id=data name=cx4.data.rom size=0xc00\n"
+      "    ram id=data size=0xc00\n"
+      "    map id=io address=00-3f,80-bf:6000-7fff\n"
+      "    map id=rom address=00-7f,80-ff:8000-ffff mask=0x8000\n"
+      "    map id=ram address=70-77:0000-7fff\n"
+    );
+    if((rom_size & 0x7fff) == 0xc00) {
+      firmware_appended = true;
+      rom_size -= 0xc00;
+    }
+  }
+
+  else if(has_spc7110) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  spc7110\n"
+      "    rom id=program name=program.rom size=0x100000\n"
+      "    rom id=data name=data.rom size=0x", hex(rom_size - 0x100000), "\n"
+      "    ram name=save.ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n"
+      "    map id=io address=00-3f,80-bf:4800-483f\n"
+      "    map id=io address=50:0000-ffff\n"
+      "    map id=rom address=00-3f,80-bf:8000-ffff\n"
+      "    map id=rom address=c0-ff:0000-ffff\n"
+      "    map id=ram address=00-3f,80-bf:6000-7fff mask=0xe000\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  else if(has_sdd1) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  sdd1\n"
+      "    rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(rom_size), "\n"
+    );
+    if(ram_size > 0) markup.append(
+      "    ram name=save.ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n"
+    );
+    markup.append(
+      "    map id=io address=00-3f,80-bf:4800-4807\n"
+      "    map id=rom address=00-3f,80-bf:8000-ffff mask=0x8000\n"
+      "    map id=rom address=c0-ff:0000-ffff\n"
+    );
+    if(ram_size > 0) markup.append(
+      "    map id=ram address=20-3f,a0-bf:6000-7fff mask=0xe000\n"
+      "    map id=ram address=70-7f:0000-7fff\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  else if(mapper == LoROM) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(rom_size), "\n"
+    );
+    if(ram_size > 0) markup.append(
+      "  ram name=save.ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n"
+    );
+    markup.append(
+      "  map id=rom address=00-7f,80-ff:8000-ffff mask=0x8000\n"
+    );
+    if(ram_size > 0) markup.append(
+      "  map id=ram address=70-7f,f0-ff:", range, "\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  else if(mapper == HiROM) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(rom_size), "\n"
+    );
+    if(ram_size > 0) markup.append(
+      "  ram name=save.ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n"
+    );
+    markup.append(
+      "  map id=rom address=00-3f,80-bf:8000-ffff\n"
+      "  map id=rom address=40-7f,c0-ff:0000-ffff\n"
+    );
+    if(ram_size > 0) markup.append(
+      "  map id=ram address=10-3f,90-bf:6000-7fff mask=0xe000\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  else if(mapper == ExLoROM) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(rom_size), "\n"
+    );
+    if(ram_size > 0) markup.append(
+      "  ram name=save.ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n"
+    );
+    markup.append(
+      "  map id=rom address=00-3f,80-bf:8000-ffff mask=0x8000\n"
+      "  map id=rom address=40-7f:0000-ffff\n"
+    );
+    if(ram_size > 0) markup.append(
+      "  map id=ram address=20-3f,a0-bf:6000-7fff\n"
+      "  map id=ram address=70-7f:0000-7fff\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  else if(mapper == ExHiROM) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(rom_size), "\n"
+    );
+    if(ram_size > 0) markup.append(
+      "  ram name=save.ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n"
+    );
+    markup.append(
+      "  map id=rom address=00-3f:8000-ffff offset=0x400000\n"
+      "  map id=rom address=40-7f:0000-ffff offset=0x400000\n"
+      "  map id=rom address=80-bf:8000-ffff offset=0x000000\n"
+      "  map id=rom address=c0-ff:0000-ffff offset=0x000000\n"
+    );
+    if(ram_size > 0) markup.append(
+      "  map id=ram address=20-3f,a0-bf:6000-7fff mask=0xe000\n"
+      "  map id=ram address=70-7f:", range, "\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  else if(mapper == SuperFXROM) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  superfx revision=3\n"
+      "    rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(rom_size), "\n"
+    );
+    if(ram_size > 0) markup.append(
+      "    ram name=save.ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n"
+    );
+    markup.append(
+      "    map id=io address=00-3f,80-bf:3000-32ff\n"
+      "    map id=rom address=00-3f,80-bf:8000-ffff mask=0x8000\n"
+      "    map id=rom address=40-5f,c0-df:0000-ffff\n"
+    );
+    if(ram_size > 0) markup.append(
+      "    map id=ram address=00-3f,80-bf:6000-7fff size=0x2000\n"
+      "    map id=ram address=70-71,f0-f1:0000-ffff\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  else if(mapper == SA1ROM) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  sa1\n"
+      "    rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(rom_size), "\n"
+    );
+    if(ram_size > 0) markup.append(
+      "    ram id=bitmap name=save.ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n"
+    );
+    markup.append(
+      "    ram id=internal size=0x800\n"
+      "    map id=io address=00-3f,80-bf:2200-23ff\n"
+      "    map id=rom address=00-3f,80-bf:8000-ffff\n"
+      "    map id=rom address=c0-ff:0000-ffff\n"
+    );
+    if(ram_size > 0) markup.append(
+      "    map id=bwram address=00-3f,80-bf:6000-7fff\n"
+      "    map id=bwram address=40-4f:0000-ffff\n"
+    );
+    markup.append(
+      "    map id=iram address=00-3f,80-bf:3000-37ff\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  else if(mapper == BSCLoROM) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(rom_size), "\n"
+      "  ram name=save.ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n"
+      "  map id=rom address=00-1f:8000-ffff offset=0x000000 mask=0x8000\n"
+      "  map id=rom address=20-3f:8000-ffff offset=0x100000 mask=0x8000\n"
+      "  map id=rom address=80-9f:8000-ffff offset=0x200000 mask=0x8000\n"
+      "  map id=rom address=a0-bf:8000-ffff offset=0x100000 mask=0x8000\n"
+      "  map id=ram address=70-7f,f0-ff:0000-7fff\n"
+      "  bsxslot\n"
+      "    map id=rom address=c0-ef:0000-ffff\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  else if(mapper == BSCHiROM) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(rom_size), "\n"
+      "  ram name=save.ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n"
+      "  map id=rom address=00-1f,80-9f:8000-ffff\n"
+      "  map id=rom address=40-5f,c0-df:0000-ffff\n"
+      "  map id=ram address=20-3f,a0-bf:6000-7fff\n"
+      "  bsxslot\n"
+      "    map id=rom address=20-3f,a0-bf:8000-ffff\n"
+      "    map id=rom address=60-7f,e0-ff:0000-ffff\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  else if(mapper == BSXROM) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  bsx\n"
+      "    rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(rom_size), "\n"
+      "    ram id=save name=save.ram size=0x", hex(ram_size), "\n"
+      "    ram id=download name=bsx.ram size=0x40000\n"
+      "    map id=io address=00-3f,80-bf:5000-5fff\n"
+      "    map id=rom address=00-3f,80-bf:8000-ffff\n"
+      "    map id=rom address=40-7f,c0-ff:0000-ffff\n"
+      "    map id=ram address=20-3f:6000-7fff\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  else if(mapper == STROM) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  rom name=program.rom size=0x", hex(rom_size), "\n"
+      "  map id=rom address='00-1f,80-9f:8000-ffff mask=0x8000\n"
+      "  sufamiturbo\n"
+      "    slot id=A\n"
+      "      map id=rom address=20-3f,a0-bf:8000-ffff mask=0x8000\n"
+      "      map id=ram address=60-63,e0-e3:8000-ffff\n"
+      "    slot id=B\n"
+      "      map id=rom address=40-5f,c0-df:8000-ffff mask=0x8000\n"
+      "      map id=ram address=70-73,f0-f3:8000-ffff\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  if(has_spc7110rtc) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  epsonrtc\n"
+      "    ram name=rtc.ram size=0x10\n"
+      "    map id=io address=00-3f,80-bf:4840-4842\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  if(has_srtc) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  sharprtc\n"
+      "    ram name=rtc.ram size=0x10\n"
+      "    map id=io address=00-3f,80-bf:2800-2801\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  if(has_obc1) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  obc1\n"
+      "    ram name=save.ram size=0x2000\n"
+      "    map id=io address=00-3f,80-bf:6000-7fff\n"
+    );
+  }
+
+  if(has_dsp1) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  necdsp model=uPD7725 frequency=8000000\n"
+      "    rom id=program name=dsp1b.program.rom size=0x1800\n"
+      "    rom id=data name=dsp1b.data.rom size=0x800\n"
+      "    ram id=data size=0x200\n"
+    );
+    if(dsp1_mapper == DSP1LoROM1MB) markup.append(
+      "    map id=io address=20-3f,a0-bf:8000-ffff select=0x4000\n"
+    );
+    if(dsp1_mapper == DSP1LoROM2MB) markup.append(
+      "    map id=io address=60-6f,e0-ef:0000-7fff select=0x4000\n"
+    );
+    if(dsp1_mapper == DSP1HiROM) markup.append(
+      "    map id=io address=00-1f,80-9f:6000-7fff select=0x1000\n"
+    );
+    if((size & 0x7fff) == 0x2000) {
+      firmware_appended = true;
+      rom_size -= 0x2000;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(has_dsp2) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  necdsp model=uPD7725 frequency=8000000\n"
+      "    rom id=program name=dsp2.program.rom size=0x1800\n"
+      "    rom id=data name=dsp2.data.rom size=0x800\n"
+      "    ram id=data size=0x200\n"
+      "    map id=io address=20-3f,a0-bf:8000-ffff select=0x4000\n"
+    );
+    if((size & 0x7fff) == 0x2000) {
+      firmware_appended = true;
+      rom_size -= 0x2000;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(has_dsp3) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  necdsp model=uPD7725 frequency=8000000\n"
+      "    rom id=program name=dsp3.program.rom size=0x1800\n"
+      "    rom id=data name=dsp3.data.rom size=0x800\n"
+      "    ram id=data size=0x200\n"
+      "    map id=io address=20-3f,a0-bf:8000-ffff select=0x4000\n"
+    );
+    if((size & 0x7fff) == 0x2000) {
+      firmware_appended = true;
+      rom_size -= 0x2000;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(has_dsp4) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  necdsp model=uPD7725 frequency=8000000\n"
+      "    rom id=program name=dsp4.program.rom size=0x1800\n"
+      "    rom id=data name=dsp4.data.rom size=0x800\n"
+      "    ram id=data size=0x200\n"
+      "    map address=30-3f,b0-bf:8000-ffff select=0x4000\n"
+    );
+    if((size & 0x7fff) == 0x2000) {
+      firmware_appended = true;
+      rom_size -= 0x2000;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(has_st010) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  necdsp model=uPD96050 frequency=11000000\n"
+      "    rom id=program name=st010.program.rom size=0xc000\n"
+      "    rom id=data name=st010.data.rom size=0x1000\n"
+      "    ram id=data name=save.ram size=0x1000\n"
+      "    map id=io address=60-67,e0-e7:0000-3fff select=0x0001\n"
+      "    map id=ram address=68-6f,e8-ef:0000-7fff\n"
+    );
+    if((size & 0xffff) == 0xd000) {
+      firmware_appended = true;
+      rom_size -= 0xd000;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(has_st011) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  necdsp model=uPD96050 frequency=15000000\n"
+      "    rom id=program name=st011.program.rom size=0xc000\n"
+      "    rom id=data name=st011.data.rom size=0x1000\n"
+      "    ram id=data name=save.ram size=0x1000\n"
+      "    map id=io address=60-67,e0-e7:0000-3fff select=0x0001\n"
+      "    map id=ram address=68-6f,e8-ef:0000-7fff\n"
+    );
+    if((size & 0xffff) == 0xd000) {
+      firmware_appended = true;
+      rom_size -= 0xd000;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(has_st018) {
+    markup.append(
+      "  armdsp frequency=21477272\n"
+      "    rom id=program name=st018.program.rom size=0x20000\n"
+      "    rom id=data name=st018.data.rom size=0x8000\n"
+      "    ram name=save.ram size=0x4000\n"
+      "    map id=io address=00-3f,80-bf:3800-38ff\n"
+    );
+    if((size & 0x3ffff) == 0x28000) {
+      firmware_appended = true;
+      rom_size -= 0x28000;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void SuperFamicomCartridge::read_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  type        = TypeUnknown;
+  mapper      = LoROM;
+  dsp1_mapper = DSP1Unmapped;
+  region      = NTSC;
+  rom_size    = size;
+  ram_size    = 0;
+
+  has_bsx_slot   = false;
+  has_superfx    = false;
+  has_sa1        = false;
+  has_srtc       = false;
+  has_sdd1       = false;
+  has_spc7110    = false;
+  has_spc7110rtc = false;
+  has_cx4        = false;
+  has_dsp1       = false;
+  has_dsp2       = false;
+  has_dsp3       = false;
+  has_dsp4       = false;
+  has_obc1       = false;
+  has_st010      = false;
+  has_st011      = false;
+  has_st018      = false;
+
+  //=====================
+  //detect Game Boy carts
+  //=====================
+
+  if(size >= 0x0140) {
+    if(data[0x0104] == 0xce && data[0x0105] == 0xed && data[0x0106] == 0x66 && data[0x0107] == 0x66
+    && data[0x0108] == 0xcc && data[0x0109] == 0x0d && data[0x010a] == 0x00 && data[0x010b] == 0x0b) {
+      type = TypeGameBoy;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(size < 32768) {
+    type = TypeUnknown;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const unsigned index = find_header(data, size);
+  const uint8_t mapperid = data[index + Mapper];
+  const uint8_t rom_type = data[index + RomType];
+  const uint8_t rom_size = data[index + RomSize];
+  const uint8_t company  = data[index + Company];
+  const uint8_t regionid = data[index + CartRegion] & 0x7f;
+
+  ram_size = 1024 << (data[index + RamSize] & 7);
+  if(ram_size == 1024) ram_size = 0;  //no RAM present
+  if(rom_size == 0 && ram_size) ram_size = 0;  //fix for Bazooka Blitzkrieg's malformed header (swapped ROM and RAM sizes)
+
+  //0, 1, 13 = NTSC; 2 - 12 = PAL
+  region = (regionid <= 1 || regionid >= 13) ? NTSC : PAL;
+
+  //=======================
+  //detect BS-X flash carts
+  //=======================
+
+  if(data[index + 0x13] == 0x00 || data[index + 0x13] == 0xff) {
+    if(data[index + 0x14] == 0x00) {
+      const uint8_t n15 = data[index + 0x15];
+      if(n15 == 0x00 || n15 == 0x80 || n15 == 0x84 || n15 == 0x9c || n15 == 0xbc || n15 == 0xfc) {
+        if(data[index + 0x1a] == 0x33 || data[index + 0x1a] == 0xff) {
+          type = TypeBsx;
+          mapper = BSXROM;
+          region = NTSC;  //BS-X only released in Japan
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  //=========================
+  //detect Sufami Turbo carts
+  //=========================
+
+  if(!memcmp(data, "BANDAI SFC-ADX", 14)) {
+    if(!memcmp(data + 16, "SFC-ADX BACKUP", 14)) {
+      type = TypeSufamiTurboBios;
+    } else {
+      type = TypeSufamiTurbo;
+    }
+    mapper = STROM;
+    region = NTSC;  //Sufami Turbo only released in Japan
+    return;         //RAM size handled outside this routine
+  }
+
+  //==========================
+  //detect Super Game Boy BIOS
+  //==========================
+
+  if(!memcmp(data + index, "Super GAMEBOY2", 14)) {
+    type = TypeSuperGameBoy2Bios;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if(!memcmp(data + index, "Super GAMEBOY", 13)) {
+    type = TypeSuperGameBoy1Bios;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  //=====================
+  //detect standard carts
+  //=====================
+
+  //detect presence of BS-X flash cartridge connector (reads extended header information)
+  if(data[index - 14] == 'Z') {
+    if(data[index - 11] == 'J') {
+      uint8_t n13 = data[index - 13];
+      if((n13 >= 'A' && n13 <= 'Z') || (n13 >= '0' && n13 <= '9')) {
+        if(company == 0x33 || (data[index - 10] == 0x00 && data[index - 4] == 0x00)) {
+          has_bsx_slot = true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(has_bsx_slot) {
+    if(!memcmp(data + index, "Satellaview BS-X     ", 21)) {
+      //BS-X base cart
+      type = TypeBsxBios;
+      mapper = BSXROM;
+      region = NTSC;  //BS-X only released in Japan
+      return;         //RAM size handled internally by load_cart_bsx() -> BSXCart class
+    } else {
+      type = TypeBsxSlotted;
+      mapper = (index == 0x7fc0 ? BSCLoROM : BSCHiROM);
+      region = NTSC;  //BS-X slotted cartridges only released in Japan
+    }
+  } else {
+    //standard cart
+    type = TypeNormal;
+
+    if(index == 0x7fc0 && size >= 0x401000) {
+      mapper = ExLoROM;
+    } else if(index == 0x7fc0 && mapperid == 0x32) {
+      mapper = ExLoROM;
+    } else if(index == 0x7fc0) {
+      mapper = LoROM;
+    } else if(index == 0xffc0) {
+      mapper = HiROM;
+    } else {  //index == 0x40ffc0
+      mapper = ExHiROM;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x20 && (rom_type == 0x13 || rom_type == 0x14 || rom_type == 0x15 || rom_type == 0x1a)) {
+    has_superfx = true;
+    mapper = SuperFXROM;
+    ram_size = 1024 << (data[index - 3] & 7);
+    if(ram_size == 1024) ram_size = 0;
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x23 && (rom_type == 0x32 || rom_type == 0x34 || rom_type == 0x35)) {
+    has_sa1 = true;
+    mapper = SA1ROM;
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x35 && rom_type == 0x55) {
+    has_srtc = true;
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x32 && (rom_type == 0x43 || rom_type == 0x45)) {
+    has_sdd1 = true;
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x3a && (rom_type == 0xf5 || rom_type == 0xf9)) {
+    has_spc7110 = true;
+    has_spc7110rtc = (rom_type == 0xf9);
+    mapper = SPC7110ROM;
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x20 && rom_type == 0xf3) {
+    has_cx4 = true;
+  }
+
+  if((mapperid == 0x20 || mapperid == 0x21) && rom_type == 0x03) {
+    has_dsp1 = true;
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x30 && rom_type == 0x05 && company != 0xb2) {
+    has_dsp1 = true;
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x31 && (rom_type == 0x03 || rom_type == 0x05)) {
+    has_dsp1 = true;
+  }
+
+  if(has_dsp1 == true) {
+    if((mapperid & 0x2f) == 0x20 && size <= 0x100000) {
+      dsp1_mapper = DSP1LoROM1MB;
+    } else if((mapperid & 0x2f) == 0x20) {
+      dsp1_mapper = DSP1LoROM2MB;
+    } else if((mapperid & 0x2f) == 0x21) {
+      dsp1_mapper = DSP1HiROM;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x20 && rom_type == 0x05) {
+    has_dsp2 = true;
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x30 && rom_type == 0x05 && company == 0xb2) {
+    has_dsp3 = true;
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x30 && rom_type == 0x03) {
+    has_dsp4 = true;
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x30 && rom_type == 0x25) {
+    has_obc1 = true;
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x30 && rom_type == 0xf6 && rom_size >= 10) {
+    has_st010 = true;
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x30 && rom_type == 0xf6 && rom_size < 10) {
+    has_st011 = true;
+  }
+
+  if(mapperid == 0x30 && rom_type == 0xf5) {
+    has_st018 = true;
+  }
+}
+
+unsigned SuperFamicomCartridge::find_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  unsigned score_lo = score_header(data, size, 0x007fc0);
+  unsigned score_hi = score_header(data, size, 0x00ffc0);
+  unsigned score_ex = score_header(data, size, 0x40ffc0);
+  if(score_ex) score_ex += 4;  //favor ExHiROM on images > 32mbits
+
+  if(score_lo >= score_hi && score_lo >= score_ex) {
+    return 0x007fc0;
+  } else if(score_hi >= score_ex) {
+    return 0x00ffc0;
+  } else {
+    return 0x40ffc0;
+  }
+}
+
+unsigned SuperFamicomCartridge::score_header(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size, unsigned addr) {
+  if(size < addr + 64) return 0;  //image too small to contain header at this location?
+  int score = 0;
+
+  uint16_t resetvector = data[addr + ResetVector] | (data[addr + ResetVector + 1] << 8);
+  uint16_t checksum    = data[addr + Checksum   ] | (data[addr + Checksum    + 1] << 8);
+  uint16_t complement  = data[addr + Complement ] | (data[addr + Complement  + 1] << 8);
+
+  uint8_t resetop = data[(addr & ~0x7fff) | (resetvector & 0x7fff)];  //first opcode executed upon reset
+  uint8_t mapper  = data[addr + Mapper] & ~0x10;                      //mask off irrelevent FastROM-capable bit
+
+  //$00:[000-7fff] contains uninitialized RAM and MMIO.
+  //reset vector must point to ROM at $00:[8000-ffff] to be considered valid.
+  if(resetvector < 0x8000) return 0;
+
+  //some images duplicate the header in multiple locations, and others have completely
+  //invalid header information that cannot be relied upon.
+  //below code will analyze the first opcode executed at the specified reset vector to
+  //determine the probability that this is the correct header.
+
+  //most likely opcodes
+  if(resetop == 0x78  //sei
+  || resetop == 0x18  //clc (clc; xce)
+  || resetop == 0x38  //sec (sec; xce)
+  || resetop == 0x9c  //stz $nnnn (stz $4200)
+  || resetop == 0x4c  //jmp $nnnn
+  || resetop == 0x5c  //jml $nnnnnn
+  ) score += 8;
+
+  //plausible opcodes
+  if(resetop == 0xc2  //rep #$nn
+  || resetop == 0xe2  //sep #$nn
+  || resetop == 0xad  //lda $nnnn
+  || resetop == 0xae  //ldx $nnnn
+  || resetop == 0xac  //ldy $nnnn
+  || resetop == 0xaf  //lda $nnnnnn
+  || resetop == 0xa9  //lda #$nn
+  || resetop == 0xa2  //ldx #$nn
+  || resetop == 0xa0  //ldy #$nn
+  || resetop == 0x20  //jsr $nnnn
+  || resetop == 0x22  //jsl $nnnnnn
+  ) score += 4;
+
+  //implausible opcodes
+  if(resetop == 0x40  //rti
+  || resetop == 0x60  //rts
+  || resetop == 0x6b  //rtl
+  || resetop == 0xcd  //cmp $nnnn
+  || resetop == 0xec  //cpx $nnnn
+  || resetop == 0xcc  //cpy $nnnn
+  ) score -= 4;
+
+  //least likely opcodes
+  if(resetop == 0x00  //brk #$nn
+  || resetop == 0x02  //cop #$nn
+  || resetop == 0xdb  //stp
+  || resetop == 0x42  //wdm
+  || resetop == 0xff  //sbc $nnnnnn,x
+  ) score -= 8;
+
+  //at times, both the header and reset vector's first opcode will match ...
+  //fallback and rely on info validity in these cases to determine more likely header.
+
+  //a valid checksum is the biggest indicator of a valid header.
+  if((checksum + complement) == 0xffff && (checksum != 0) && (complement != 0)) score += 4;
+
+  if(addr == 0x007fc0 && mapper == 0x20) score += 2;  //0x20 is usually LoROM
+  if(addr == 0x00ffc0 && mapper == 0x21) score += 2;  //0x21 is usually HiROM
+  if(addr == 0x007fc0 && mapper == 0x22) score += 2;  //0x22 is usually ExLoROM
+  if(addr == 0x40ffc0 && mapper == 0x25) score += 2;  //0x25 is usually ExHiROM
+
+  if(data[addr + Company] == 0x33) score += 2;        //0x33 indicates extended header
+  if(data[addr + RomType] < 0x08) score++;
+  if(data[addr + RomSize] < 0x10) score++;
+  if(data[addr + RamSize] < 0x08) score++;
+  if(data[addr + CartRegion] < 14) score++;
+
+  if(score < 0) score = 0;
+  return score;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+# Makefile
+# author: byuu
+# license: public domain
+
+[A-Z] = A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
+[a-z] = a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
+[0-9] = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+[markup] = ` ~ ! @ \# $$ % ^ & * ( ) - _ = + [ { ] } \ | ; : ' " , < . > / ?
+[all] = $([A-Z]) $([a-z]) $([0-9]) $([markup])
+[space] :=
+[space] +=
+
+#####
+# platform detection
+#####
+
+ifeq ($(platform),)
+  uname := $(shell uname -a)
+  ifeq ($(uname),)
+    platform := win
+    delete = del $(subst /,\,$1)
+  else ifneq ($(findstring Windows,$(uname)),)
+    platform := win
+    delete = del $(subst /,\,$1)
+  else ifneq ($(findstring CYGWIN,$(uname)),)
+    platform := win
+    delete = del $(subst /,\,$1)
+  else ifneq ($(findstring Darwin,$(uname)),)
+    platform := osx
+    delete = rm -f $1
+  else
+    platform := x
+    delete = rm -f $1
+  endif
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(compiler),)
+  ifeq ($(platform),win)
+    compiler := gcc
+  else ifeq ($(platform),osx)
+    compiler := gcc-mp-4.7
+  else
+    compiler := gcc-4.7
+  endif
+endif
+
+c := $(compiler) -std=gnu99
+cpp := $(subst cc,++,$(compiler)) -std=gnu++0x
+
+ifeq ($(prefix),)
+  prefix := /usr/local
+endif
+
+#####
+# function rwildcard(directory, pattern)
+#####
+rwildcard = \
+  $(strip \
+    $(filter $(if $2,$2,%), \
+      $(foreach f, \
+        $(wildcard $1*), \
+        $(eval t = $(call rwildcard,$f/)) \
+        $(if $t,$t,$f) \
+      ) \
+    ) \
+  )
+
+#####
+# function strtr(source, from, to)
+#####
+strtr = \
+  $(eval __temp := $1) \
+  $(strip \
+    $(foreach c, \
+      $(join $(addsuffix :,$2),$3), \
+      $(eval __temp := \
+        $(subst $(word 1,$(subst :, ,$c)),$(word 2,$(subst :, ,$c)),$(__temp)) \
+      ) \
+    ) \
+    $(__temp) \
+  )
+
+#####
+# function strupper(source)
+#####
+strupper = $(call strtr,$1,$([a-z]),$([A-Z]))
+
+#####
+# function strlower(source)
+#####
+strlower = $(call strtr,$1,$([A-Z]),$([a-z]))
+
+#####
+# function strlen(source)
+#####
+strlen = \
+  $(eval __temp := $(subst $([space]),_,$1)) \
+  $(words \
+    $(strip \
+      $(foreach c, \
+        $([all]), \
+        $(eval __temp := \
+          $(subst $c,$c ,$(__temp)) \
+        ) \
+      ) \
+      $(__temp) \
+    ) \
+  )
+
+#####
+# function streq(source)
+#####
+streq = $(if $(filter-out xx,x$(subst $1,,$2)$(subst $2,,$1)x),,1)
+
+#####
+# function strne(source)
+#####
+strne = $(if $(filter-out xx,x$(subst $1,,$2)$(subst $2,,$1)x),1,)

ananke/nall/any.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#ifndef NALL_ANY_HPP
+#define NALL_ANY_HPP
+
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <nall/traits.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+  struct any {
+    bool empty() const { return container; }
+    const std::type_info& type() const { return container ? container->type() : typeid(void); }
+
+    template<typename T> any& operator=(const T& value_) {
+      typedef typename type_if<
+        std::is_array<T>::value,
+        typename std::remove_extent<typename std::add_const<T>::type>::type*,
+        T
+      >::type auto_t;
+
+      if(type() == typeid(auto_t)) {
+        static_cast<holder<auto_t>*>(container)->value = (auto_t)value_;
+      } else {
+        if(container) delete container;
+        container = new holder<auto_t>((auto_t)value_);
+      }
+
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    any() : container(nullptr) {}
+    ~any() { if(container) delete container; }
+    template<typename T> any(const T& value_) : container(nullptr) { operator=(value_); }
+
+  private:
+    struct placeholder {
+      virtual const std::type_info& type() const = 0;
+    } *container;
+
+    template<typename T> struct holder : placeholder {
+      T value;
+      const std::type_info& type() const { return typeid(T); }
+      holder(const T& value_) : value(value_) {}
+    };
+
+    template<typename T> friend T any_cast(any&);
+    template<typename T> friend T any_cast(const any&);
+    template<typename T> friend T* any_cast(any*);
+    template<typename T> friend const T* any_cast(const any*);
+  };
+
+  template<typename T> T any_cast(any &value) {
+    typedef typename std::remove_reference<T>::type nonref;
+    if(value.type() != typeid(nonref)) throw;
+    return static_cast<any::holder<nonref>*>(value.container)->value;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T> T any_cast(const any &value) {
+    typedef const typename std::remove_reference<T>::type nonref;
+    if(value.type() != typeid(nonref)) throw;
+    return static_cast<any::holder<nonref>*>(value.container)->value;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T> T* any_cast(any *value) {
+    if(!value || value->type() != typeid(T)) return nullptr;
+    return &static_cast<any::holder<T>*>(value->container)->value;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T> const T* any_cast(const any *value) {
+    if(!value || value->type() != typeid(T)) return nullptr;
+    return &static_cast<any::holder<T>*>(value->container)->value;
+  }
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/atoi.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#ifndef NALL_ATOI_HPP
+#define NALL_ATOI_HPP
+
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+//note: this header is intended to form the base for user-defined literals;
+//once they are supported by GCC. eg:
+//unsigned operator "" b(const char *s) { return binary(s); }
+//-> signed data = 1001b;
+//(0b1001 is nicer, but is not part of the C++ standard)
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t binary_(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+  return (
+    *s == '0' || *s == '1' ? binary_(s + 1, (sum << 1) | *s - '0') :
+    sum
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t octal_(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+  return (
+    *s >= '0' && *s <= '7' ? octal_(s + 1, (sum << 3) | *s - '0') :
+    sum
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t decimal_(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+  return (
+    *s >= '0' && *s <= '9' ? decimal_(s + 1, (sum * 10) + *s - '0') :
+    sum
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t hex_(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+  return (
+    *s >= 'A' && *s <= 'F' ? hex_(s + 1, (sum << 4) | *s - 'A' + 10) :
+    *s >= 'a' && *s <= 'f' ? hex_(s + 1, (sum << 4) | *s - 'a' + 10) :
+    *s >= '0' && *s <= '9' ? hex_(s + 1, (sum << 4) | *s - '0') :
+    sum
+  );
+}
+
+//
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t binary(const char *s) {
+  return (
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'B' ? binary_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'b' ? binary_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '%' ? binary_(s + 1) :
+    binary_(s)
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t octal(const char *s) {
+  return (
+    octal_(s)
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline intmax_t integer(const char *s) {
+  return (
+    *s == '+' ? +decimal_(s + 1) :
+    *s == '-' ? -decimal_(s + 1) :
+    decimal_(s)
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t decimal(const char *s) {
+  return (
+    decimal_(s)
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline uintmax_t hex(const char *s) {
+  return (
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'X' ? hex_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'x' ? hex_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '$' ? hex_(s + 1) :
+    hex_(s)
+  );
+}
+
+constexpr inline intmax_t numeral(const char *s) {
+  return (
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'X' ? hex_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'x' ? hex_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'B' ? binary_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '0' && *(s + 1) == 'b' ? binary_(s + 2) :
+    *s == '0' ? octal_(s + 1) :
+    *s == '+' ? +decimal_(s + 1) :
+    *s == '-' ? -decimal_(s + 1) :
+    decimal_(s)
+  );
+}
+
+inline double fp(const char *s) {
+  return atof(s);
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/base64.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#ifndef NALL_BASE64_HPP
+#define NALL_BASE64_HPP
+
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+  struct base64 {
+    static bool encode(char *&output, const uint8_t* input, unsigned inlength) {
+      output = new char[inlength * 8 / 6 + 8]();
+
+      unsigned i = 0, o = 0;
+      while(i < inlength) {
+        switch(i % 3) {
+
+        case 0: {
+          output[o++] = enc(input[i] >> 2);
+          output[o] = enc((input[i] & 3) << 4);
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case 1: {
+          uint8_t prev = dec(output[o]);
+          output[o++] = enc(prev + (input[i] >> 4));
+          output[o] = enc((input[i] & 15) << 2);
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case 2: {
+          uint8_t prev = dec(output[o]);
+          output[o++] = enc(prev + (input[i] >> 6));
+          output[o++] = enc(input[i] & 63);
+          break;
+        }
+
+        }
+
+        i++;
+      }
+
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    static string encode(const string &data) {
+      char *buffer = nullptr;
+      encode(buffer, (const uint8_t*)(const char*)data, data.length());
+      string result = buffer;
+      delete[] buffer;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    static bool decode(uint8_t *&output, unsigned &outlength, const char *input) {
+      unsigned inlength = strlen(input), infix = 0;
+      output = new uint8_t[inlength + 1]();
+
+      unsigned i = 0, o = 0;
+      while(i < inlength) {
+        uint8_t x = dec(input[i]);
+
+        switch(i++ & 3) {
+
+        case 0: {
+          output[o] = x << 2;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case 1: {
+          output[o++] |= x >> 4;
+          output[o] = (x & 15) << 4;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case 2: {
+          output[o++] |= x >> 2;
+          output[o] = (x & 3) << 6;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case 3: {
+          output[o++] |= x;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        }
+      }
+
+      outlength = o;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    static string decode(const string &data) {
+      uint8_t *buffer = nullptr;
+      unsigned size = 0;
+      decode(buffer, size, (const char*)data);
+      string result = (const char*)buffer;
+      delete[] buffer;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    static char enc(uint8_t n) {
+      //base64 for URL encodings (URL = -_, MIME = +/)
+      static char lookup_table[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_";
+      return lookup_table[n & 63];
+    }
+
+    static uint8_t dec(char n) {
+      if(n >= 'A' && n <= 'Z') return n - 'A';
+      if(n >= 'a' && n <= 'z') return n - 'a' + 26;
+      if(n >= '0' && n <= '9') return n - '0' + 52;
+      if(n == '-') return 62;
+      if(n == '_') return 63;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/beat/archive.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#ifndef NALL_BEAT_ARCHIVE_HPP
+#define NALL_BEAT_ARCHIVE_HPP
+
+#include <nall/beat/base.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct beatArchive : beatBase {
+  bool create(const string &beatname, string pathname, const string &metadata = "") {
+    if(fp.open(beatname, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
+    if(pathname.endswith("/") == false) pathname.append("/");
+
+    checksum = ~0;
+    writeString("BPA1");
+    writeNumber(metadata.length());
+    writeString(metadata);
+
+    lstring list;
+    ls(list, pathname, pathname);
+    for(auto &name : list) {
+      if(name.endswith("/")) {
+        name.rtrim<1>("/");
+        writeNumber(0 | ((name.length() - 1) << 1));
+        writeString(name);
+      } else {
+        file stream;
+        if(stream.open({pathname, name}, file::mode::read) == false) return false;
+        writeNumber(1 | ((name.length() - 1) << 1));
+        writeString(name);
+        unsigned size = stream.size();
+        writeNumber(size);
+        uint32_t checksum = ~0;
+        while(size--) {
+          uint8_t data = stream.read();
+          write(data);
+          checksum = crc32_adjust(checksum, data);
+        }
+        writeChecksum(~checksum);
+      }
+    }
+
+    writeChecksum(~checksum);
+    fp.close();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool unpack(const string &beatname, string pathname) {
+    if(fp.open(beatname, file::mode::read) == false) return false;
+    if(pathname.endswith("/") == false) pathname.append("/");
+
+    checksum = ~0;
+    if(readString(4) != "BPA1") return false;
+    unsigned length = readNumber();
+    while(length--) read();
+
+    directory::create(pathname);
+    while(fp.offset() < fp.size() - 4) {
+      unsigned data = readNumber();
+      string name = readString((data >> 1) + 1);
+      if(name.position("\\") || name.position("../")) return false;  //block path exploits
+
+      if((data & 1) == 0) {
+        directory::create({pathname, name});
+      } else {
+        file stream;
+        if(stream.open({pathname, name}, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
+        unsigned size = readNumber();
+        uint32_t checksum = ~0;
+        while(size--) {
+          uint8_t data = read();
+          stream.write(data);
+          checksum = crc32_adjust(checksum, data);
+        }
+        if(readChecksum(~checksum) == false) return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return readChecksum(~checksum);
+  }
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/beat/base.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#ifndef NALL_BEAT_BASE_HPP
+#define NALL_BEAT_BASE_HPP
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct beatBase {
+protected:
+  file fp;
+  uint32_t checksum;
+
+  void ls(lstring &list, const string &path, const string &basepath) {
+    lstring paths = directory::folders(path);
+    for(auto &pathname : paths) {
+      list.append(string{path, pathname}.ltrim<1>(basepath));
+      ls(list, {path, pathname}, basepath);
+    }
+
+    lstring files = directory::files(path);
+    for(auto &filename : files) {
+      list.append(string{path, filename}.ltrim<1>(basepath));
+    }
+  }
+
+  void write(uint8_t data) {
+    fp.write(data);
+    checksum = crc32_adjust(checksum, data);
+  }
+
+  void writeNumber(uint64_t data) {
+    while(true) {
+      uint64_t x = data & 0x7f;
+      data >>= 7;
+      if(data == 0) return write(0x80 | x);
+      write(x);
+      data--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void writeString(const string &text) {
+    unsigned length = text.length();
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) write(text[n]);
+  }
+
+  void writeChecksum(uint32_t checksum) {
+    write(checksum >>  0);
+    write(checksum >>  8);
+    write(checksum >> 16);
+    write(checksum >> 24);
+  }
+
+  uint8_t read() {
+    uint8_t data = fp.read();
+    checksum = crc32_adjust(checksum, data);
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  uint64_t readNumber() {
+    uint64_t data = 0, shift = 1;
+    while(true) {
+      uint8_t x = read();
+      data += (x & 0x7f) * shift;
+      if(x & 0x80) break;
+      shift <<= 7;
+      data += shift;
+    }
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  string readString(unsigned length) {
+    string text;
+    text.reserve(length + 1);
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) {
+      text[n] = fp.read();
+      checksum = crc32_adjust(checksum, text[n]);
+    }
+    text[length] = 0;
+    return text;
+  }
+
+  bool readChecksum(uint32_t source) {
+    uint32_t checksum = 0;
+    checksum |= read() <<  0;
+    checksum |= read() <<  8;
+    checksum |= read() << 16;
+    checksum |= read() << 24;
+    return checksum == source;
+  }
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/beat/delta.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+#ifndef NALL_BEAT_DELTA_HPP
+#define NALL_BEAT_DELTA_HPP
+
+#include <nall/crc32.hpp>
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/filemap.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct bpsdelta {
+  inline void source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline void target(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+
+  inline bool source(const string &filename);
+  inline bool target(const string &filename);
+  inline bool create(const string &filename, const string &metadata = "");
+
+protected:
+  enum : unsigned { SourceRead, TargetRead, SourceCopy, TargetCopy };
+  enum : unsigned { Granularity = 1 };
+
+  struct Node {
+    unsigned offset;
+    Node *next;
+    inline Node() : offset(0), next(nullptr) {}
+    inline ~Node() { if(next) delete next; }
+  };
+
+  filemap sourceFile;
+  const uint8_t *sourceData;
+  unsigned sourceSize;
+
+  filemap targetFile;
+  const uint8_t *targetData;
+  unsigned targetSize;
+};
+
+void bpsdelta::source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  sourceData = data;
+  sourceSize = size;
+}
+
+void bpsdelta::target(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  targetData = data;
+  targetSize = size;
+}
+
+bool bpsdelta::source(const string &filename) {
+  if(sourceFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  source(sourceFile.data(), sourceFile.size());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool bpsdelta::target(const string &filename) {
+  if(targetFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  target(targetFile.data(), targetFile.size());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool bpsdelta::create(const string &filename, const string &metadata) {
+  file modifyFile;
+  if(modifyFile.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
+
+  uint32_t sourceChecksum = ~0, modifyChecksum = ~0;
+  unsigned sourceRelativeOffset = 0, targetRelativeOffset = 0, outputOffset = 0;
+
+  auto write = [&](uint8_t data) {
+    modifyFile.write(data);
+    modifyChecksum = crc32_adjust(modifyChecksum, data);
+  };
+
+  auto encode = [&](uint64_t data) {
+    while(true) {
+      uint64_t x = data & 0x7f;
+      data >>= 7;
+      if(data == 0) {
+        write(0x80 | x);
+        break;
+      }
+      write(x);
+      data--;
+    }
+  };
+
+  write('B');
+  write('P');
+  write('S');
+  write('1');
+
+  encode(sourceSize);
+  encode(targetSize);
+
+  unsigned markupSize = metadata.length();
+  encode(markupSize);
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < markupSize; n++) write(metadata[n]);
+
+  Node *sourceTree[65536], *targetTree[65536];
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 65536; n++) sourceTree[n] = 0, targetTree[n] = 0;
+
+  //source tree creation
+  for(unsigned offset = 0; offset < sourceSize; offset++) {
+    uint16_t symbol = sourceData[offset + 0];
+    sourceChecksum = crc32_adjust(sourceChecksum, symbol);
+    if(offset < sourceSize - 1) symbol |= sourceData[offset + 1] << 8;
+    Node *node = new Node;
+    node->offset = offset;
+    node->next = sourceTree[symbol];
+    sourceTree[symbol] = node;
+  }
+
+  unsigned targetReadLength = 0;
+
+  auto targetReadFlush = [&]() {
+    if(targetReadLength) {
+      encode(TargetRead | ((targetReadLength - 1) << 2));
+      unsigned offset = outputOffset - targetReadLength;
+      while(targetReadLength) write(targetData[offset++]), targetReadLength--;
+    }
+  };
+
+  while(outputOffset < targetSize) {
+    unsigned maxLength = 0, maxOffset = 0, mode = TargetRead;
+
+    uint16_t symbol = targetData[outputOffset + 0];
+    if(outputOffset < targetSize - 1) symbol |= targetData[outputOffset + 1] << 8;
+
+    { //source read
+      unsigned length = 0, offset = outputOffset;
+      while(offset < sourceSize && offset < targetSize && sourceData[offset] == targetData[offset]) {
+        length++;
+        offset++;
+      }
+      if(length > maxLength) maxLength = length, mode = SourceRead;
+    }
+
+    { //source copy
+      Node *node = sourceTree[symbol];
+      while(node) {
+        unsigned length = 0, x = node->offset, y = outputOffset;
+        while(x < sourceSize && y < targetSize && sourceData[x++] == targetData[y++]) length++;
+        if(length > maxLength) maxLength = length, maxOffset = node->offset, mode = SourceCopy;
+        node = node->next;
+      }
+    }
+
+    { //target copy
+      Node *node = targetTree[symbol];
+      while(node) {
+        unsigned length = 0, x = node->offset, y = outputOffset;
+        while(y < targetSize && targetData[x++] == targetData[y++]) length++;
+        if(length > maxLength) maxLength = length, maxOffset = node->offset, mode = TargetCopy;
+        node = node->next;
+      }
+
+      //target tree append
+      node = new Node;
+      node->offset = outputOffset;
+      node->next = targetTree[symbol];
+      targetTree[symbol] = node;
+    }
+
+    { //target read
+      if(maxLength < 4) {
+        maxLength = min((unsigned)Granularity, targetSize - outputOffset);
+        mode = TargetRead;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if(mode != TargetRead) targetReadFlush();
+
+    switch(mode) {
+    case SourceRead:
+      encode(SourceRead | ((maxLength - 1) << 2));
+      break;
+    case TargetRead:
+      //delay write to group sequential TargetRead commands into one
+      targetReadLength += maxLength;
+      break;
+    case SourceCopy:
+    case TargetCopy:
+      encode(mode | ((maxLength - 1) << 2));
+      signed relativeOffset;
+      if(mode == SourceCopy) {
+        relativeOffset = maxOffset - sourceRelativeOffset;
+        sourceRelativeOffset = maxOffset + maxLength;
+      } else {
+        relativeOffset = maxOffset - targetRelativeOffset;
+        targetRelativeOffset = maxOffset + maxLength;
+      }
+      encode((relativeOffset < 0) | (abs(relativeOffset) << 1));
+      break;
+    }
+
+    outputOffset += maxLength;
+  }
+
+  targetReadFlush();
+
+  sourceChecksum = ~sourceChecksum;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) write(sourceChecksum >> n);
+  uint32_t targetChecksum = crc32_calculate(targetData, targetSize);
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) write(targetChecksum >> n);
+  uint32_t outputChecksum = ~modifyChecksum;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) write(outputChecksum >> n);
+
+  modifyFile.close();
+  return true;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/beat/linear.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#ifndef NALL_BEAT_LINEAR_HPP
+#define NALL_BEAT_LINEAR_HPP
+
+#include <nall/crc32.hpp>
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/filemap.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct bpslinear {
+  inline void source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline void target(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+
+  inline bool source(const string &filename);
+  inline bool target(const string &filename);
+  inline bool create(const string &filename, const string &metadata = "");
+
+protected:
+  enum : unsigned { SourceRead, TargetRead, SourceCopy, TargetCopy };
+  enum : unsigned { Granularity = 1 };
+
+  filemap sourceFile;
+  const uint8_t *sourceData;
+  unsigned sourceSize;
+
+  filemap targetFile;
+  const uint8_t *targetData;
+  unsigned targetSize;
+};
+
+void bpslinear::source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  sourceData = data;
+  sourceSize = size;
+}
+
+void bpslinear::target(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  targetData = data;
+  targetSize = size;
+}
+
+bool bpslinear::source(const string &filename) {
+  if(sourceFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  source(sourceFile.data(), sourceFile.size());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool bpslinear::target(const string &filename) {
+  if(targetFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  target(targetFile.data(), targetFile.size());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool bpslinear::create(const string &filename, const string &metadata) {
+  file modifyFile;
+  if(modifyFile.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
+
+  uint32_t modifyChecksum = ~0;
+  unsigned targetRelativeOffset = 0, outputOffset = 0;
+
+  auto write = [&](uint8_t data) {
+    modifyFile.write(data);
+    modifyChecksum = crc32_adjust(modifyChecksum, data);
+  };
+
+  auto encode = [&](uint64_t data) {
+    while(true) {
+      uint64_t x = data & 0x7f;
+      data >>= 7;
+      if(data == 0) {
+        write(0x80 | x);
+        break;
+      }
+      write(x);
+      data--;
+    }
+  };
+
+  unsigned targetReadLength = 0;
+
+  auto targetReadFlush = [&]() {
+    if(targetReadLength) {
+      encode(TargetRead | ((targetReadLength - 1) << 2));
+      unsigned offset = outputOffset - targetReadLength;
+      while(targetReadLength) write(targetData[offset++]), targetReadLength--;
+    }
+  };
+
+  write('B');
+  write('P');
+  write('S');
+  write('1');
+
+  encode(sourceSize);
+  encode(targetSize);
+
+  unsigned markupSize = metadata.length();
+  encode(markupSize);
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < markupSize; n++) write(metadata[n]);
+
+  while(outputOffset < targetSize) {
+    unsigned sourceLength = 0;
+    for(unsigned n = 0; outputOffset + n < min(sourceSize, targetSize); n++) {
+      if(sourceData[outputOffset + n] != targetData[outputOffset + n]) break;
+      sourceLength++;
+    }
+
+    unsigned rleLength = 0;
+    for(unsigned n = 1; outputOffset + n < targetSize; n++) {
+      if(targetData[outputOffset] != targetData[outputOffset + n]) break;
+      rleLength++;
+    }
+
+    if(rleLength >= 4) {
+      //write byte to repeat
+      targetReadLength++;
+      outputOffset++;
+      targetReadFlush();
+
+      //copy starting from repetition byte
+      encode(TargetCopy | ((rleLength - 1) << 2));
+      unsigned relativeOffset = (outputOffset - 1) - targetRelativeOffset;
+      encode(relativeOffset << 1);
+      outputOffset += rleLength;
+      targetRelativeOffset = outputOffset - 1;
+    } else if(sourceLength >= 4) {
+      targetReadFlush();
+      encode(SourceRead | ((sourceLength - 1) << 2));
+      outputOffset += sourceLength;
+    } else {
+      targetReadLength += Granularity;
+      outputOffset += Granularity;
+    }
+  }
+
+  targetReadFlush();
+
+  uint32_t sourceChecksum = crc32_calculate(sourceData, sourceSize);
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) write(sourceChecksum >> n);
+  uint32_t targetChecksum = crc32_calculate(targetData, targetSize);
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) write(targetChecksum >> n);
+  uint32_t outputChecksum = ~modifyChecksum;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) write(outputChecksum >> n);
+
+  modifyFile.close();
+  return true;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/beat/metadata.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#ifndef NALL_BEAT_METADATA_HPP
+#define NALL_BEAT_METADATA_HPP
+
+#include <nall/crc32.hpp>
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/filemap.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct bpsmetadata {
+  inline bool load(const string &filename);
+  inline bool save(const string &filename, const string &metadata);
+  inline string metadata() const;
+
+protected:
+  file sourceFile;
+  string metadataString;
+};
+
+bool bpsmetadata::load(const string &filename) {
+  if(sourceFile.open(filename, file::mode::read) == false) return false;
+
+  auto read = [&]() -> uint8_t {
+    return sourceFile.read();
+  };
+
+  auto decode = [&]() -> uint64_t {
+    uint64_t data = 0, shift = 1;
+    while(true) {
+      uint8_t x = read();
+      data += (x & 0x7f) * shift;
+      if(x & 0x80) break;
+      shift <<= 7;
+      data += shift;
+    }
+    return data;
+  };
+
+  if(read() != 'B') return false;
+  if(read() != 'P') return false;
+  if(read() != 'S') return false;
+  if(read() != '1') return false;
+  decode();
+  decode();
+  unsigned metadataSize = decode();
+  char data[metadataSize + 1];
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < metadataSize; n++) data[n] = read();
+  data[metadataSize] = 0;
+  metadataString = (const char*)data;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool bpsmetadata::save(const string &filename, const string &metadata) {
+  file targetFile;
+  if(targetFile.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
+  if(sourceFile.open() == false) return false;
+  sourceFile.seek(0);
+
+  auto read = [&]() -> uint8_t {
+    return sourceFile.read();
+  };
+
+  auto decode = [&]() -> uint64_t {
+    uint64_t data = 0, shift = 1;
+    while(true) {
+      uint8_t x = read();
+      data += (x & 0x7f) * shift;
+      if(x & 0x80) break;
+      shift <<= 7;
+      data += shift;
+    }
+    return data;
+  };
+
+  uint32_t checksum = ~0;
+
+  auto write = [&](uint8_t data) {
+    targetFile.write(data);
+    checksum = crc32_adjust(checksum, data);
+  };
+
+  auto encode = [&](uint64_t data) {
+    while(true) {
+      uint64_t x = data & 0x7f;
+      data >>= 7;
+      if(data == 0) {
+        write(0x80 | x);
+        break;
+      }
+      write(x);
+      data--;
+    }
+  };
+
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 4; n++) write(read());
+  encode(decode());
+  encode(decode());
+  unsigned sourceLength = decode();
+  unsigned targetLength = metadata.length();
+  encode(targetLength);
+  sourceFile.seek(sourceLength, file::index::relative);
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < targetLength; n++) write(metadata[n]);
+  unsigned length = sourceFile.size() - sourceFile.offset() - 4;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) write(read());
+  uint32_t outputChecksum = ~checksum;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) write(outputChecksum >> n);
+
+  targetFile.close();
+  return true;
+}
+
+string bpsmetadata::metadata() const {
+  return metadataString;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/beat/multi.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+#ifndef NALL_BEAT_MULTI_HPP
+#define NALL_BEAT_MULTI_HPP
+
+#include <nall/beat/patch.hpp>
+#include <nall/beat/linear.hpp>
+#include <nall/beat/delta.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct bpsmulti {
+  enum : unsigned {
+    CreatePath = 0,
+    CreateFile = 1,
+    ModifyFile = 2,
+    MirrorFile = 3,
+  };
+
+  enum : unsigned {
+    OriginSource = 0,
+    OriginTarget = 1,
+  };
+
+  bool create(const string &patchName, const string &sourcePath, const string &targetPath, bool delta = false, const string &metadata = "") {
+    if(fp.open()) fp.close();
+    fp.open(patchName, file::mode::write);
+    checksum = ~0;
+
+    writeString("BPM1");  //signature
+    writeNumber(metadata.length());
+    writeString(metadata);
+
+    lstring sourceList, targetList;
+    ls(sourceList, sourcePath, sourcePath);
+    ls(targetList, targetPath, targetPath);
+
+    for(auto &targetName : targetList) {
+      if(targetName.endswith("/")) {
+        targetName.rtrim<1>("/");
+        writeNumber(CreatePath | ((targetName.length() - 1) << 2));
+        writeString(targetName);
+      } else if(auto position = sourceList.find(targetName)) {  //if sourceName == targetName
+        file sp, dp;
+        sp.open({sourcePath, targetName}, file::mode::read);
+        dp.open({targetPath, targetName}, file::mode::read);
+
+        bool identical = sp.size() == dp.size();
+        uint32_t cksum = ~0;
+
+        for(unsigned n = 0; n < sp.size(); n++) {
+          uint8_t byte = sp.read();
+          if(identical && byte != dp.read()) identical = false;
+          cksum = crc32_adjust(cksum, byte);
+        }
+
+        if(identical) {
+          writeNumber(MirrorFile | ((targetName.length() - 1) << 2));
+          writeString(targetName);
+          writeNumber(OriginSource);
+          writeChecksum(~cksum);
+        } else {
+          writeNumber(ModifyFile | ((targetName.length() - 1) << 2));
+          writeString(targetName);
+          writeNumber(OriginSource);
+
+          if(delta == false) {
+            bpslinear patch;
+            patch.source({sourcePath, targetName});
+            patch.target({targetPath, targetName});
+            patch.create({temppath(), "temp.bps"});
+          } else {
+            bpsdelta patch;
+            patch.source({sourcePath, targetName});
+            patch.target({targetPath, targetName});
+            patch.create({temppath(), "temp.bps"});
+          }
+
+          auto buffer = file::read({temppath(), "temp.bps"});
+          writeNumber(buffer.size());
+          for(auto &byte : buffer) write(byte);
+        }
+      } else {
+        writeNumber(CreateFile | ((targetName.length() - 1) << 2));
+        writeString(targetName);
+        auto buffer = file::read({targetPath, targetName});
+        writeNumber(buffer.size());
+        for(auto &byte : buffer) write(byte);
+        writeChecksum(crc32_calculate(buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+      }
+    }
+
+    //checksum
+    writeChecksum(~checksum);
+    fp.close();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool apply(const string &patchName, const string &sourcePath, const string &targetPath) {
+    directory::remove(targetPath);  //start with a clean directory
+    directory::create(targetPath);
+
+    if(fp.open()) fp.close();
+    fp.open(patchName, file::mode::read);
+    checksum = ~0;
+
+    if(readString(4) != "BPM1") return false;
+    auto metadataLength = readNumber();
+    while(metadataLength--) read();
+
+    while(fp.offset() < fp.size() - 4) {
+      auto encoding = readNumber();
+      unsigned action = encoding & 3;
+      unsigned targetLength = (encoding >> 2) + 1;
+      string targetName = readString(targetLength);
+
+      if(action == CreatePath) {
+        directory::create({targetPath, targetName, "/"});
+      } else if(action == CreateFile) {
+        file fp;
+        fp.open({targetPath, targetName}, file::mode::write);
+        auto fileSize = readNumber();
+        while(fileSize--) fp.write(read());
+        uint32_t cksum = readChecksum();
+      } else if(action == ModifyFile) {
+        auto encoding = readNumber();
+        string originPath = encoding & 1 ? targetPath : sourcePath;
+        string sourceName = (encoding >> 1) == 0 ? targetName : readString(encoding >> 1);
+        auto patchSize = readNumber();
+        vector<uint8_t> buffer;
+        buffer.resize(patchSize);
+        for(unsigned n = 0; n < patchSize; n++) buffer[n] = read();
+        bpspatch patch;
+        patch.modify(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+        patch.source({originPath, sourceName});
+        patch.target({targetPath, targetName});
+        if(patch.apply() != bpspatch::result::success) return false;
+      } else if(action == MirrorFile) {
+        auto encoding = readNumber();
+        string originPath = encoding & 1 ? targetPath : sourcePath;
+        string sourceName = (encoding >> 1) == 0 ? targetName : readString(encoding >> 1);
+        file::copy({originPath, sourceName}, {targetPath, targetName});
+        uint32_t cksum = readChecksum();
+      }
+    }
+
+    uint32_t cksum = ~checksum;
+    if(read() != (uint8_t)(cksum >>  0)) return false;
+    if(read() != (uint8_t)(cksum >>  8)) return false;
+    if(read() != (uint8_t)(cksum >> 16)) return false;
+    if(read() != (uint8_t)(cksum >> 24)) return false;
+
+    fp.close();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+protected:
+  file fp;
+  uint32_t checksum;
+
+  //create() functions
+  void ls(lstring &list, const string &path, const string &basepath) {
+    lstring paths = directory::folders(path);
+    for(auto &pathname : paths) {
+      list.append(string{path, pathname}.ltrim<1>(basepath));
+      ls(list, {path, pathname}, basepath);
+    }
+
+    lstring files = directory::files(path);
+    for(auto &filename : files) {
+      list.append(string{path, filename}.ltrim<1>(basepath));
+    }
+  }
+
+  void write(uint8_t data) {
+    fp.write(data);
+    checksum = crc32_adjust(checksum, data);
+  }
+
+  void writeNumber(uint64_t data) {
+    while(true) {
+      uint64_t x = data & 0x7f;
+      data >>= 7;
+      if(data == 0) {
+        write(0x80 | x);
+        break;
+      }
+      write(x);
+      data--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void writeString(const string &text) {
+    unsigned length = text.length();
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) write(text[n]);
+  }
+
+  void writeChecksum(uint32_t cksum) {
+    write(cksum >>  0);
+    write(cksum >>  8);
+    write(cksum >> 16);
+    write(cksum >> 24);
+  }
+
+  //apply() functions
+  uint8_t read() {
+    uint8_t data = fp.read();
+    checksum = crc32_adjust(checksum, data);
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  uint64_t readNumber() {
+    uint64_t data = 0, shift = 1;
+    while(true) {
+      uint8_t x = read();
+      data += (x & 0x7f) * shift;
+      if(x & 0x80) break;
+      shift <<= 7;
+      data += shift;
+    }
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  string readString(unsigned length) {
+    string text;
+    text.reserve(length + 1);
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) text[n] = read();
+    text[length] = 0;
+    return text;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t readChecksum() {
+    uint32_t checksum = 0;
+    checksum |= read() <<  0;
+    checksum |= read() <<  8;
+    checksum |= read() << 16;
+    checksum |= read() << 24;
+    return checksum;
+  }
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/beat/patch.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+#ifndef NALL_BEAT_PATCH_HPP
+#define NALL_BEAT_PATCH_HPP
+
+#include <nall/crc32.hpp>
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/filemap.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct bpspatch {
+  inline bool modify(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline void source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline void target(uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+
+  inline bool modify(const string &filename);
+  inline bool source(const string &filename);
+  inline bool target(const string &filename);
+
+  inline string metadata() const;
+  inline unsigned size() const;
+
+  enum result : unsigned {
+    unknown,
+    success,
+    patch_too_small,
+    patch_invalid_header,
+    source_too_small,
+    target_too_small,
+    source_checksum_invalid,
+    target_checksum_invalid,
+    patch_checksum_invalid,
+  };
+
+  inline result apply();
+
+protected:
+  enum : unsigned { SourceRead, TargetRead, SourceCopy, TargetCopy };
+
+  filemap modifyFile;
+  const uint8_t *modifyData;
+  unsigned modifySize;
+
+  filemap sourceFile;
+  const uint8_t *sourceData;
+  unsigned sourceSize;
+
+  filemap targetFile;
+  uint8_t *targetData;
+  unsigned targetSize;
+
+  unsigned modifySourceSize;
+  unsigned modifyTargetSize;
+  unsigned modifyMarkupSize;
+  string metadataString;
+};
+
+bool bpspatch::modify(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  if(size < 19) return false;
+  modifyData = data;
+  modifySize = size;
+
+  unsigned offset = 4;
+  auto decode = [&]() -> uint64_t {
+    uint64_t data = 0, shift = 1;
+    while(true) {
+      uint8_t x = modifyData[offset++];
+      data += (x & 0x7f) * shift;
+      if(x & 0x80) break;
+      shift <<= 7;
+      data += shift;
+    }
+    return data;
+  };
+
+  modifySourceSize = decode();
+  modifyTargetSize = decode();
+  modifyMarkupSize = decode();
+
+  char buffer[modifyMarkupSize + 1];
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < modifyMarkupSize; n++) buffer[n] = modifyData[offset++];
+  buffer[modifyMarkupSize] = 0;
+  metadataString = (const char*)buffer;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void bpspatch::source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  sourceData = data;
+  sourceSize = size;
+}
+
+void bpspatch::target(uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  targetData = data;
+  targetSize = size;
+}
+
+bool bpspatch::modify(const string &filename) {
+  if(modifyFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  return modify(modifyFile.data(), modifyFile.size());
+}
+
+bool bpspatch::source(const string &filename) {
+  if(sourceFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  source(sourceFile.data(), sourceFile.size());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool bpspatch::target(const string &filename) {
+  file fp;
+  if(fp.open(filename, file::mode::write) == false) return false;
+  fp.truncate(modifyTargetSize);
+  fp.close();
+
+  if(targetFile.open(filename, filemap::mode::readwrite) == false) return false;
+  target(targetFile.data(), targetFile.size());
+  return true;
+}
+
+string bpspatch::metadata() const {
+  return metadataString;
+}
+
+unsigned bpspatch::size() const {
+  return modifyTargetSize;
+}
+
+bpspatch::result bpspatch::apply() {
+  if(modifySize < 19) return result::patch_too_small;
+
+  uint32_t modifyChecksum = ~0, targetChecksum = ~0;
+  unsigned modifyOffset = 0, sourceRelativeOffset = 0, targetRelativeOffset = 0, outputOffset = 0;
+
+  auto read = [&]() -> uint8_t {
+    uint8_t data = modifyData[modifyOffset++];
+    modifyChecksum = crc32_adjust(modifyChecksum, data);
+    return data;
+  };
+
+  auto decode = [&]() -> uint64_t {
+    uint64_t data = 0, shift = 1;
+    while(true) {
+      uint8_t x = read();
+      data += (x & 0x7f) * shift;
+      if(x & 0x80) break;
+      shift <<= 7;
+      data += shift;
+    }
+    return data;
+  };
+
+  auto write = [&](uint8_t data) {
+    targetData[outputOffset++] = data;
+    targetChecksum = crc32_adjust(targetChecksum, data);
+  };
+
+  if(read() != 'B') return result::patch_invalid_header;
+  if(read() != 'P') return result::patch_invalid_header;
+  if(read() != 'S') return result::patch_invalid_header;
+  if(read() != '1') return result::patch_invalid_header;
+
+  modifySourceSize = decode();
+  modifyTargetSize = decode();
+  modifyMarkupSize = decode();
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < modifyMarkupSize; n++) read();
+
+  if(modifySourceSize > sourceSize) return result::source_too_small;
+  if(modifyTargetSize > targetSize) return result::target_too_small;
+
+  while(modifyOffset < modifySize - 12) {
+    unsigned length = decode();
+    unsigned mode = length & 3;
+    length = (length >> 2) + 1;
+
+    switch(mode) {
+    case SourceRead:
+      while(length--) write(sourceData[outputOffset]);
+      break;
+    case TargetRead:
+      while(length--) write(read());
+      break;
+    case SourceCopy:
+    case TargetCopy:
+      signed offset = decode();
+      bool negative = offset & 1;
+      offset >>= 1;
+      if(negative) offset = -offset;
+
+      if(mode == SourceCopy) {
+        sourceRelativeOffset += offset;
+        while(length--) write(sourceData[sourceRelativeOffset++]);
+      } else {
+        targetRelativeOffset += offset;
+        while(length--) write(targetData[targetRelativeOffset++]);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  uint32_t modifySourceChecksum = 0, modifyTargetChecksum = 0, modifyModifyChecksum = 0;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) modifySourceChecksum |= read() << n;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) modifyTargetChecksum |= read() << n;
+  uint32_t checksum = ~modifyChecksum;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < 32; n += 8) modifyModifyChecksum |= read() << n;
+
+  uint32_t sourceChecksum = crc32_calculate(sourceData, modifySourceSize);
+  targetChecksum = ~targetChecksum;
+
+  if(sourceChecksum != modifySourceChecksum) return result::source_checksum_invalid;
+  if(targetChecksum != modifyTargetChecksum) return result::target_checksum_invalid;
+  if(checksum != modifyModifyChecksum) return result::patch_checksum_invalid;
+
+  return result::success;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/bit.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#ifndef NALL_BIT_HPP
+#define NALL_BIT_HPP
+
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+  template<unsigned bits>
+  inline uintmax_t uclamp(const uintmax_t x) {
+    enum : uintmax_t { b = 1ull << (bits - 1), y = b * 2 - 1 };
+    return y + ((x - y) & -(x < y));  //min(x, y);
+  }
+
+  template<unsigned bits>
+  inline uintmax_t uclip(const uintmax_t x) {
+    enum : uintmax_t { b = 1ull << (bits - 1), m = b * 2 - 1 };
+    return (x & m);
+  }
+
+  template<unsigned bits>
+  inline intmax_t sclamp(const intmax_t x) {
+    enum : intmax_t { b = 1ull << (bits - 1), m = b - 1 };
+    return (x > m) ? m : (x < -b) ? -b : x;
+  }
+
+  template<unsigned bits>
+  inline intmax_t sclip(const intmax_t x) {
+    enum : uintmax_t { b = 1ull << (bits - 1), m = b * 2 - 1 };
+    return ((x & m) ^ b) - b;
+  }
+
+  namespace bit {
+    constexpr inline uintmax_t mask(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+      return (
+        *s == '0' || *s == '1' ? mask(s + 1, (sum << 1) | 1) :
+        *s == ' ' || *s == '_' ? mask(s + 1, sum) :
+        *s ? mask(s + 1, sum << 1) :
+        sum
+      );
+    }
+
+    constexpr inline uintmax_t test(const char *s, uintmax_t sum = 0) {
+      return (
+        *s == '0' || *s == '1' ? test(s + 1, (sum << 1) | (*s - '0')) :
+        *s == ' ' || *s == '_' ? test(s + 1, sum) :
+        *s ? test(s + 1, sum << 1) :
+        sum
+      );
+    }
+
+    //lowest(0b1110) == 0b0010
+    constexpr inline uintmax_t lowest(const uintmax_t x) {
+      return x & -x;
+    }
+
+    //clear_lowest(0b1110) == 0b1100
+    constexpr inline uintmax_t clear_lowest(const uintmax_t x) {
+      return x & (x - 1);
+    }
+
+    //set_lowest(0b0101) == 0b0111
+    constexpr inline uintmax_t set_lowest(const uintmax_t x) {
+      return x | (x + 1);
+    }
+
+    //count number of bits set in a byte
+    inline unsigned count(uintmax_t x) {
+      unsigned count = 0;
+      do count += x & 1; while(x >>= 1);
+      return count;
+    }
+
+    //round up to next highest single bit:
+    //round(15) == 16, round(16) == 16, round(17) == 32
+    inline uintmax_t round(uintmax_t x) {
+      if((x & (x - 1)) == 0) return x;
+      while(x & (x - 1)) x &= x - 1;
+      return x << 1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/compositor.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#ifndef NALL_COMPOSITOR_HPP
+#define NALL_COMPOSITOR_HPP
+
+#include <nall/intrinsics.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct compositor {
+  inline static bool enabled();
+  inline static bool enable(bool status);
+
+  #if defined(PLATFORM_X)
+  enum class Compositor : unsigned { Unknown, Metacity, Xfwm4 };
+  inline static Compositor detect();
+
+  inline static bool enabled_metacity();
+  inline static bool enable_metacity(bool status);
+
+  inline static bool enabled_xfwm4();
+  inline static bool enable_xfwm4(bool status);
+  #endif
+};
+
+#if defined(PLATFORM_X)
+
+//Metacity
+
+bool compositor::enabled_metacity() {
+  FILE *fp = popen("gconftool-2 --get /apps/metacity/general/compositing_manager", "r");
+  if(fp == 0) return false;
+
+  char buffer[512];
+  if(fgets(buffer, sizeof buffer, fp) == 0) return false;
+
+  if(!memcmp(buffer, "true", 4)) return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool compositor::enable_metacity(bool status) {
+  FILE *fp;
+  if(status) {
+    fp = popen("gconftool-2 --set --type bool /apps/metacity/general/compositing_manager true", "r");
+  } else {
+    fp = popen("gconftool-2 --set --type bool /apps/metacity/general/compositing_manager false", "r");
+  }
+  if(fp == 0) return false;
+  pclose(fp);
+  return true;
+}
+
+//Xfwm4
+
+bool compositor::enabled_xfwm4() {
+  FILE *fp = popen("xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p '/general/use_compositing'", "r");
+  if(fp == 0) return false;
+
+  char buffer[512];
+  if(fgets(buffer, sizeof buffer, fp) == 0) return false;
+
+  if(!memcmp(buffer, "true", 4)) return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool compositor::enable_xfwm4(bool status) {
+  FILE *fp;
+  if(status) {
+    fp = popen("xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p '/general/use_compositing' -t 'bool' -s 'true'", "r");
+  } else {
+    fp = popen("xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p '/general/use_compositing' -t 'bool' -s 'false'", "r");
+  }
+  if(fp == 0) return false;
+  pclose(fp);
+  return true;
+}
+
+//General
+
+compositor::Compositor compositor::detect() {
+  Compositor result = Compositor::Unknown;
+
+  FILE *fp;
+  char buffer[512];
+
+  fp = popen("pidof metacity", "r");
+  if(fp && fgets(buffer, sizeof buffer, fp)) result = Compositor::Metacity;
+  pclose(fp);
+
+  fp = popen("pidof xfwm4", "r");
+  if(fp && fgets(buffer, sizeof buffer, fp)) result = Compositor::Xfwm4;
+  pclose(fp);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool compositor::enabled() {
+  switch(detect()) {
+  case Compositor::Metacity: return enabled_metacity();
+  case Compositor::Xfwm4: return enabled_xfwm4();
+  default: return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool compositor::enable(bool status) {
+  switch(detect()) {
+  case Compositor::Metacity: return enable_metacity(status);
+  case Compositor::Xfwm4: return enable_xfwm4(status);
+  default: return false;
+  }
+}
+
+#elif defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+
+bool compositor::enabled() {
+  HMODULE module = GetModuleHandleW(L"dwmapi");
+  if(module == 0) module = LoadLibraryW(L"dwmapi");
+  if(module == 0) return false;
+
+  auto pDwmIsCompositionEnabled = (HRESULT (WINAPI*)(BOOL*))GetProcAddress(module, "DwmIsCompositionEnabled");
+  if(pDwmIsCompositionEnabled == 0) return false;
+
+  BOOL result;
+  if(pDwmIsCompositionEnabled(&result) != S_OK) return false;
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool compositor::enable(bool status) {
+  HMODULE module = GetModuleHandleW(L"dwmapi");
+  if(module == 0) module = LoadLibraryW(L"dwmapi");
+  if(module == 0) return false;
+
+  auto pDwmEnableComposition = (HRESULT (WINAPI*)(UINT))GetProcAddress(module, "DwmEnableComposition");
+  if(pDwmEnableComposition == 0) return false;
+
+  if(pDwmEnableComposition(status) != S_OK) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+#else
+
+bool compositor::enabled() {
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool compositor::enable(bool) {
+  return false;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/config.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#ifndef NALL_CONFIG_HPP
+#define NALL_CONFIG_HPP
+
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+#include <nall/vector.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+  namespace configuration_traits {
+    template<typename T> struct is_boolean { enum { value = false }; };
+    template<> struct is_boolean<bool> { enum { value = true }; };
+
+    template<typename T> struct is_signed { enum { value = false }; };
+    template<> struct is_signed<signed> { enum { value = true }; };
+
+    template<typename T> struct is_unsigned { enum { value = false }; };
+    template<> struct is_unsigned<unsigned> { enum { value = true }; };
+
+    template<typename T> struct is_double { enum { value = false }; };
+    template<> struct is_double<double> { enum { value = true }; };
+
+    template<typename T> struct is_string { enum { value = false }; };
+    template<> struct is_string<string> { enum { value = true }; };
+  }
+
+  class configuration {
+  public:
+    enum type_t { boolean_t, signed_t, unsigned_t, double_t, string_t, unknown_t };
+    struct item_t {
+      uintptr_t data;
+      string name;
+      string desc;
+      type_t type;
+
+      inline string get() const {
+        switch(type) {
+          case boolean_t:  return { *(bool*)data };
+          case signed_t:   return { *(signed*)data };
+          case unsigned_t: return { *(unsigned*)data };
+          case double_t:   return { *(double*)data };
+          case string_t:   return { "\"", *(string*)data, "\"" };
+        }
+        return "???";
+      }
+
+      inline void set(string s) {
+        switch(type) {
+          case boolean_t:  *(bool*)data = (s == "true");     break;
+          case signed_t:   *(signed*)data = integer(s);      break;
+          case unsigned_t: *(unsigned*)data = decimal(s);    break;
+          case double_t:   *(double*)data = fp(s);           break;
+          case string_t:   s.trim("\""); *(string*)data = s; break;
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    vector<item_t> list;
+
+    template<typename T>
+    inline void append(T &data, const char *name, const char *desc = "") {
+      item_t item = { (uintptr_t)&data, name, desc };
+      if(configuration_traits::is_boolean<T>::value) item.type = boolean_t;
+      else if(configuration_traits::is_signed<T>::value) item.type = signed_t;
+      else if(configuration_traits::is_unsigned<T>::value) item.type = unsigned_t;
+      else if(configuration_traits::is_double<T>::value) item.type = double_t;
+      else if(configuration_traits::is_string<T>::value) item.type = string_t;
+      else item.type = unknown_t;
+      list.append(item);
+    }
+
+    //deprecated
+    template<typename T>
+    inline void attach(T &data, const char *name, const char *desc = "") {
+      append(data, name, desc);
+    }
+
+    inline virtual bool load(const string &filename) {
+      string data;
+      if(data.readfile(filename) == true) {
+        data.replace("\r", "");
+        lstring line;
+        line.split("\n", data);
+
+        for(unsigned i = 0; i < line.size(); i++) {
+          if(auto position = qstrpos(line[i], "#")) line[i][position()] = 0;
+          if(!qstrpos(line[i], " = ")) continue;
+
+          lstring part;
+          part.qsplit(" = ", line[i]);
+          part[0].trim();
+          part[1].trim();
+
+          for(unsigned n = 0; n < list.size(); n++) {
+            if(part[0] == list[n].name) {
+              list[n].set(part[1]);
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    inline virtual bool save(const string &filename) const {
+      file fp;
+      if(fp.open(filename, file::mode::write)) {
+        for(unsigned i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
+          string output;
+          output.append(list[i].name, " = ", list[i].get());
+          if(list[i].desc != "") output.append(" # ", list[i].desc);
+          output.append("\r\n");
+          fp.print(output);
+        }
+
+        fp.close();
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/crc16.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#ifndef NALL_CRC16_HPP
+#define NALL_CRC16_HPP
+
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+  inline uint16_t crc16_adjust(uint16_t crc16, uint8_t data) {
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < 8; n++) {
+      if((crc16 & 1) ^ (data & 1)) crc16 = (crc16 >> 1) ^ 0x8408;
+      else crc16 >>= 1;
+      data >>= 1;
+    }
+    return crc16;
+  }
+
+  inline uint16_t crc16_calculate(const uint8_t *data, unsigned length) {
+    uint16_t crc16 = ~0;
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) {
+      crc16 = crc16_adjust(crc16, data[n]);
+    }
+    return ~crc16;
+  }
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/directory.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+#ifndef NALL_DIRECTORY_HPP
+#define NALL_DIRECTORY_HPP
+
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/intrinsics.hpp>
+#include <nall/sort.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+#include <nall/vector.hpp>
+
+#if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+  #include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
+#else
+  #include <dirent.h>
+  #include <stdio.h>
+  #include <sys/types.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct directory {
+  static bool create(const string &pathname, unsigned permissions = 0755);  //recursive
+  static bool remove(const string &pathname);  //recursive
+  static bool exists(const string &pathname);
+
+  static lstring folders(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*") {
+    lstring folders = directory::ufolders(pathname, pattern);
+    folders.sort();
+    return folders;
+  }
+
+  static lstring files(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*") {
+    lstring files = directory::ufiles(pathname, pattern);
+    files.sort();
+    return files;
+  }
+
+  static lstring contents(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*") {
+    lstring folders = directory::ufolders(pathname);  //pattern search of contents should only filter files
+    lstring files = directory::ufiles(pathname, pattern);
+    folders.sort();
+    files.sort();
+    for(auto &file : files) folders.append(file);
+    return folders;
+  }
+
+  static lstring ifolders(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*") {
+    lstring folders = ufolders(pathname, pattern);
+    folders.isort();
+    return folders;
+  }
+
+  static lstring ifiles(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*") {
+    lstring files = ufiles(pathname, pattern);
+    files.isort();
+    return files;
+  }
+
+  static lstring icontents(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*") {
+    lstring folders = directory::ufolders(pathname);  //pattern search of contents should only filter files
+    lstring files = directory::ufiles(pathname, pattern);
+    folders.isort();
+    files.isort();
+    for(auto &file : files) folders.append(file);
+    return folders;
+  }
+
+private:
+  //internal functions; these return unsorted lists
+  static lstring ufolders(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*");
+  static lstring ufiles(const string &pathname, const string &pattern = "*");
+};
+
+#if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+  inline bool directory::create(const string &pathname, unsigned permissions) {
+    string path;
+    lstring list = string{pathname}.transform("\\", "/").rtrim<1>("/").split("/");
+    bool result = true;
+    for(auto &part : list) {
+      path.append(part, "/");
+      result &= (_wmkdir(utf16_t(path)) == 0);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  inline bool directory::remove(const string &pathname) {
+    lstring list = directory::contents(pathname);
+    for(auto &name : list) {
+      if(name.endswith("/")) directory::remove({pathname, name});
+      else file::remove({pathname, name});
+    }
+    return _wrmdir(utf16_t(pathname)) == 0;
+  }
+
+  inline bool directory::exists(const string &pathname) {
+    string name = pathname;
+    name.trim<1>("\"");
+    DWORD result = GetFileAttributes(utf16_t(name));
+    if(result == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) return false;
+    return (result & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY);
+  }
+
+  inline lstring directory::ufolders(const string &pathname, const string &pattern) {
+    lstring list;
+    string path = pathname;
+    path.transform("/", "\\");
+    if(!strend(path, "\\")) path.append("\\");
+    path.append("*");
+    HANDLE handle;
+    WIN32_FIND_DATA data;
+    handle = FindFirstFile(utf16_t(path), &data);
+    if(handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+      if(wcscmp(data.cFileName, L".") && wcscmp(data.cFileName, L"..")) {
+        if(data.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
+          string name = (const char*)utf8_t(data.cFileName);
+          if(wildcard(name, pattern)) list.append(name);
+        }
+      }
+      while(FindNextFile(handle, &data) != false) {
+        if(wcscmp(data.cFileName, L".") && wcscmp(data.cFileName, L"..")) {
+          if(data.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
+            string name = (const char*)utf8_t(data.cFileName);
+            if(wildcard(name, pattern)) list.append(name);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      FindClose(handle);
+    }
+    for(auto &name : list) name.append("/");  //must append after sorting
+    return list;
+  }
+
+  inline lstring directory::ufiles(const string &pathname, const string &pattern) {
+    lstring list;
+    string path = pathname;
+    path.transform("/", "\\");
+    if(!strend(path, "\\")) path.append("\\");
+    path.append("*");
+    HANDLE handle;
+    WIN32_FIND_DATA data;
+    handle = FindFirstFile(utf16_t(path), &data);
+    if(handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+      if((data.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) == 0) {
+        string name = (const char*)utf8_t(data.cFileName);
+        if(wildcard(name, pattern)) list.append(name);
+      }
+      while(FindNextFile(handle, &data) != false) {
+        if((data.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) == 0) {
+          string name = (const char*)utf8_t(data.cFileName);
+          if(wildcard(name, pattern)) list.append(name);
+        }
+      }
+      FindClose(handle);
+    }
+    return list;
+  }
+#else
+  inline bool directory::create(const string &pathname, unsigned permissions) {
+    string path;
+    lstring list = string{pathname}.rtrim<1>("/").split("/");
+    bool result = true;
+    for(auto &part : list) {
+      path.append(part, "/");
+      result &= (mkdir(path, permissions) == 0);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  inline bool directory::remove(const string &pathname) {
+    lstring list = directory::contents(pathname);
+    for(auto &name : list) {
+      if(name.endswith("/")) directory::remove({pathname, name});
+      else file::remove({pathname, name});
+    }
+    return rmdir(pathname) == 0;
+  }
+
+  inline bool directory::exists(const string &pathname) {
+    DIR *dp = opendir(pathname);
+    if(!dp) return false;
+    closedir(dp);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline lstring directory::ufolders(const string &pathname, const string &pattern) {
+    lstring list;
+    DIR *dp;
+    struct dirent *ep;
+    dp = opendir(pathname);
+    if(dp) {
+      while(ep = readdir(dp)) {
+        if(!strcmp(ep->d_name, ".")) continue;
+        if(!strcmp(ep->d_name, "..")) continue;
+        if(ep->d_type & DT_DIR) {
+          if(wildcard(ep->d_name, pattern)) list.append(ep->d_name);
+        }
+      }
+      closedir(dp);
+    }
+    for(auto &name : list) name.append("/");  //must append after sorting
+    return list;
+  }
+
+  inline lstring directory::ufiles(const string &pathname, const string &pattern) {
+    lstring list;
+    DIR *dp;
+    struct dirent *ep;
+    dp = opendir(pathname);
+    if(dp) {
+      while(ep = readdir(dp)) {
+        if(!strcmp(ep->d_name, ".")) continue;
+        if(!strcmp(ep->d_name, "..")) continue;
+        if((ep->d_type & DT_DIR) == 0) {
+          if(wildcard(ep->d_name, pattern)) list.append(ep->d_name);
+        }
+      }
+      closedir(dp);
+    }
+    return list;
+  }
+#endif
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/emulation/super-famicom-usart.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#ifndef NALL_EMULATION_SUPER_FAMICOM_USART_HPP
+#define NALL_EMULATION_SUPER_FAMICOM_USART_HPP
+
+#include <nall/platform.hpp>
+#include <nall/function.hpp>
+#include <nall/serial.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+
+#define usartproc dllexport
+
+static nall::function<bool ()> usart_quit;
+static nall::function<void (unsigned milliseconds)> usart_usleep;
+static nall::function<bool ()> usart_readable;
+static nall::function<uint8_t ()> usart_read;
+static nall::function<bool ()> usart_writable;
+static nall::function<void (uint8_t data)> usart_write;
+
+extern "C" usartproc void usart_init(
+  nall::function<bool ()> quit,
+  nall::function<void (unsigned milliseconds)> usleep,
+  nall::function<bool ()> readable,
+  nall::function<uint8_t ()> read,
+  nall::function<bool ()> writable,
+  nall::function<void (uint8_t data)> write
+) {
+  usart_quit = quit;
+  usart_usleep = usleep;
+  usart_readable = readable;
+  usart_read = read;
+  usart_writable = writable;
+  usart_write = write;
+}
+
+extern "C" usartproc void usart_main(int, char**);
+
+//
+
+static nall::serial usart;
+static bool usart_is_virtual = true;
+static bool usart_sigint = false;
+
+static bool usart_virtual() {
+  return usart_is_virtual;
+}
+
+//
+
+static bool usarthw_quit() {
+  return usart_sigint;
+}
+
+static void usarthw_usleep(unsigned milliseconds) {
+  usleep(milliseconds);
+}
+
+static bool usarthw_readable() {
+  return usart.readable();
+}
+
+static uint8_t usarthw_read() {
+  while(true) {
+    uint8_t buffer[1];
+    signed length = usart.read((uint8_t*)&buffer, 1);
+    if(length > 0) return buffer[0];
+  }
+}
+
+static bool usarthw_writable() {
+  return usart.writable();
+}
+
+static void usarthw_write(uint8_t data) {
+  uint8_t buffer[1] = { data };
+  usart.write((uint8_t*)&buffer, 1);
+}
+
+static void sigint(int) {
+  signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
+  usart_sigint = true;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, -20);  //requires superuser privileges; otherwise priority = +0
+  signal(SIGINT, sigint);
+
+  if(usart.open("/dev/ttyACM0", 57600, true) == false) {
+    printf("error: unable to open USART hardware device\n");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  usart_is_virtual = false;
+  usart_init(usarthw_quit, usarthw_usleep, usarthw_readable, usarthw_read, usarthw_writable, usarthw_write);
+  usart_main(argc, argv);
+  usart.close();
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/file.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+#ifndef NALL_FILE_HPP
+#define NALL_FILE_HPP
+
+#include <nall/platform.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+#include <nall/utility.hpp>
+#include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
+#include <nall/stream/memory.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+  inline FILE* fopen_utf8(const string &utf8_filename, const char *mode) {
+    #if !defined(_WIN32)
+    return fopen(utf8_filename, mode);
+    #else
+    return _wfopen(utf16_t(utf8_filename), utf16_t(mode));
+    #endif
+  }
+
+  struct file {
+    enum class mode : unsigned { read, write, modify, append, readwrite = modify, writeread = append };
+    enum class index : unsigned { absolute, relative };
+    enum class time : unsigned { create, modify, access };
+
+    static bool copy(const string &sourcename, const string &targetname) {
+      file rd, wr;
+      if(rd.open(sourcename, mode::read) == false) return false;
+      if(wr.open(targetname, mode::write) == false) return false;
+      for(unsigned n = 0; n < rd.size(); n++) wr.write(rd.read());
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool move(const string &sourcename, const string &targetname) {
+      #if !defined(_WIN32)
+      return rename(sourcename, targetname) == 0;
+      #else
+      return _wrename(utf16_t(sourcename), utf16_t(targetname)) == 0;
+      #endif
+    }
+
+    static bool remove(const string &filename) {
+      return unlink(filename) == 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool truncate(const string &filename, unsigned size) {
+      #if !defined(_WIN32)
+      return truncate(filename, size) == 0;
+      #else
+      bool result = false;
+      FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "rb+");
+      if(fp) {
+        result = _chsize(fileno(fp), size) == 0;
+        fclose(fp);
+      }
+      return result;
+      #endif
+    }
+
+    static vector<uint8_t> read(const string &filename) {
+      vector<uint8_t> memory;
+      file fp;
+      if(fp.open(filename, mode::read)) {
+        memory.resize(fp.size());
+        fp.read(memory.data(), memory.size());
+      }
+      return memory;
+    }
+
+    static bool read(const string &filename, uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+      file fp;
+      if(fp.open(filename, mode::read) == false) return false;
+      fp.read(data, size);
+      fp.close();
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool write(const string &filename, const string &text) {
+      file fp;
+      if(fp.open(filename, mode::write) == false) return false;
+      fp.print(text);
+      fp.close();
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool write(const string &filename, const vector<uint8_t> &buffer) {
+      file fp;
+      if(fp.open(filename, mode::write) == false) return false;
+      fp.write(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+      fp.close();
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool write(const string &filename, const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+      file fp;
+      if(fp.open(filename, mode::write) == false) return false;
+      fp.write(data, size);
+      fp.close();
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    static string sha256(const string &filename) {
+      auto buffer = read(filename);
+      return nall::sha256(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+    }
+
+    uint8_t read() {
+      if(!fp) return 0xff;                       //file not open
+      if(file_mode == mode::write) return 0xff;  //reads not permitted
+      if(file_offset >= file_size) return 0xff;  //cannot read past end of file
+      buffer_sync();
+      return buffer[(file_offset++) & buffer_mask];
+    }
+
+    uintmax_t readl(unsigned length = 1) {
+      uintmax_t data = 0;
+      for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        data |= (uintmax_t)read() << (i << 3);
+      }
+      return data;
+    }
+
+    uintmax_t readm(unsigned length = 1) {
+      uintmax_t data = 0;
+      while(length--) {
+        data <<= 8;
+        data |= read();
+      }
+      return data;
+    }
+
+    void read(uint8_t *buffer, unsigned length) {
+      while(length--) *buffer++ = read();
+    }
+
+    void write(uint8_t data) {
+      if(!fp) return;                      //file not open
+      if(file_mode == mode::read) return;  //writes not permitted
+      buffer_sync();
+      buffer[(file_offset++) & buffer_mask] = data;
+      buffer_dirty = true;
+      if(file_offset > file_size) file_size = file_offset;
+    }
+
+    void writel(uintmax_t data, unsigned length = 1) {
+      while(length--) {
+        write(data);
+        data >>= 8;
+      }
+    }
+
+    void writem(uintmax_t data, unsigned length = 1) {
+      for(int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        write(data >> (i << 3));
+      }
+    }
+
+    void write(const uint8_t *buffer, unsigned length) {
+      while(length--) write(*buffer++);
+    }
+
+    template<typename... Args> void print(Args... args) {
+      string data(args...);
+      const char *p = data;
+      while(*p) write(*p++);
+    }
+
+    void flush() {
+      buffer_flush();
+      fflush(fp);
+    }
+
+    void seek(int offset, index index_ = index::absolute) {
+      if(!fp) return;  //file not open
+      buffer_flush();
+
+      uintmax_t req_offset = file_offset;
+      switch(index_) {
+        case index::absolute: req_offset  = offset; break;
+        case index::relative: req_offset += offset; break;
+      }
+
+      if(req_offset < 0) req_offset = 0;  //cannot seek before start of file
+      if(req_offset > file_size) {
+        if(file_mode == mode::read) {     //cannot seek past end of file
+          req_offset = file_size;
+        } else {                          //pad file to requested location
+          file_offset = file_size;
+          while(file_size < req_offset) write(0x00);
+        }
+      }
+
+      file_offset = req_offset;
+    }
+
+    unsigned offset() const {
+      if(!fp) return 0;  //file not open
+      return file_offset;
+    }
+
+    unsigned size() const {
+      if(!fp) return 0;  //file not open
+      return file_size;
+    }
+
+    bool truncate(unsigned size) {
+      if(!fp) return false;  //file not open
+      #if !defined(_WIN32)
+      return ftruncate(fileno(fp), size) == 0;
+      #else
+      return _chsize(fileno(fp), size) == 0;
+      #endif
+    }
+
+    bool end() {
+      if(!fp) return true;  //file not open
+      return file_offset >= file_size;
+    }
+
+    static bool exists(const string &filename) {
+      #if !defined(_WIN32)
+      struct stat64 data;
+      return stat64(filename, &data) == 0;
+      #else
+      struct __stat64 data;
+      return _wstat64(utf16_t(filename), &data) == 0;
+      #endif
+    }
+
+    static uintmax_t size(const string &filename) {
+      #if !defined(_WIN32)
+      struct stat64 data;
+      stat64(filename, &data);
+      #else
+      struct __stat64 data;
+      _wstat64(utf16_t(filename), &data);
+      #endif
+      return S_ISREG(data.st_mode) ? data.st_size : 0u;
+    }
+
+    static time_t timestamp(const string &filename, file::time mode = file::time::create) {
+      #if !defined(_WIN32)
+      struct stat64 data;
+      stat64(filename, &data);
+      #else
+      struct __stat64 data;
+      _wstat64(utf16_t(filename), &data);
+      #endif
+      switch(mode) { default:
+        case file::time::create: return data.st_ctime;
+        case file::time::modify: return data.st_mtime;
+        case file::time::access: return data.st_atime;
+      }
+    }
+
+    bool open() const {
+      return fp;
+    }
+
+    bool open(const string &filename, mode mode_) {
+      if(fp) return false;
+
+      switch(file_mode = mode_) {
+        #if !defined(_WIN32)
+        case mode::read:      fp = fopen(filename, "rb" ); break;
+        case mode::write:     fp = fopen(filename, "wb+"); break;  //need read permission for buffering
+        case mode::readwrite: fp = fopen(filename, "rb+"); break;
+        case mode::writeread: fp = fopen(filename, "wb+"); break;
+        #else
+        case mode::read:      fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"rb" ); break;
+        case mode::write:     fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"wb+"); break;
+        case mode::readwrite: fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"rb+"); break;
+        case mode::writeread: fp = _wfopen(utf16_t(filename), L"wb+"); break;
+        #endif
+      }
+      if(!fp) return false;
+      buffer_offset = -1;  //invalidate buffer
+      file_offset = 0;
+      fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
+      file_size = ftell(fp);
+      fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    void close() {
+      if(!fp) return;
+      buffer_flush();
+      fclose(fp);
+      fp = 0;
+    }
+
+    file() {
+      memset(buffer, 0, sizeof buffer);
+      buffer_offset = -1;  //invalidate buffer
+      buffer_dirty = false;
+      fp = 0;
+      file_offset = 0;
+      file_size = 0;
+      file_mode = mode::read;
+    }
+
+    ~file() {
+      close();
+    }
+
+    file& operator=(const file&) = delete;
+    file(const file&) = delete;
+
+  private:
+    enum { buffer_size = 1 << 12, buffer_mask = buffer_size - 1 };
+    char buffer[buffer_size];
+    int buffer_offset;
+    bool buffer_dirty;
+    FILE *fp;
+    unsigned file_offset;
+    unsigned file_size;
+    mode file_mode;
+
+    void buffer_sync() {
+      if(!fp) return;  //file not open
+      if(buffer_offset != (file_offset & ~buffer_mask)) {
+        buffer_flush();
+        buffer_offset = file_offset & ~buffer_mask;
+        fseek(fp, buffer_offset, SEEK_SET);
+        unsigned length = (buffer_offset + buffer_size) <= file_size ? buffer_size : (file_size & buffer_mask);
+        if(length) unsigned unused = fread(buffer, 1, length, fp);
+      }
+    }
+
+    void buffer_flush() {
+      if(!fp) return;                      //file not open
+      if(file_mode == mode::read) return;  //buffer cannot be written to
+      if(buffer_offset < 0) return;        //buffer unused
+      if(buffer_dirty == false) return;    //buffer unmodified since read
+      fseek(fp, buffer_offset, SEEK_SET);
+      unsigned length = (buffer_offset + buffer_size) <= file_size ? buffer_size : (file_size & buffer_mask);
+      if(length) unsigned unused = fwrite(buffer, 1, length, fp);
+      buffer_offset = -1;                  //invalidate buffer
+      buffer_dirty = false;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/filemap.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+#ifndef NALL_FILEMAP_HPP
+#define NALL_FILEMAP_HPP
+
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  #include <windows.h>
+#else
+  #include <fcntl.h>
+  #include <unistd.h>
+  #include <sys/mman.h>
+  #include <sys/stat.h>
+  #include <sys/types.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace nall {
+  class filemap {
+  public:
+    enum class mode : unsigned { read, write, readwrite, writeread };
+
+    bool open() const { return p_open(); }
+    bool open(const char *filename, mode mode_) { return p_open(filename, mode_); }
+    void close() { return p_close(); }
+    unsigned size() const { return p_size; }
+    uint8_t* data() { return p_handle; }
+    const uint8_t* data() const { return p_handle; }
+    filemap() : p_size(0), p_handle(0) { p_ctor(); }
+    filemap(const char *filename, mode mode_) : p_size(0), p_handle(0) { p_ctor(); p_open(filename, mode_); }
+    ~filemap() { p_dtor(); }
+
+  private:
+    unsigned p_size;
+    uint8_t *p_handle;
+
+    #if defined(_WIN32)
+    //=============
+    //MapViewOfFile
+    //=============
+
+    HANDLE p_filehandle, p_maphandle;
+
+    bool p_open() const {
+      return p_handle;
+    }
+
+    bool p_open(const char *filename, mode mode_) {
+      if(file::exists(filename) && file::size(filename) == 0) {
+        p_handle = 0;
+        p_size = 0;
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      int desired_access, creation_disposition, flprotect, map_access;
+
+      switch(mode_) {
+        default: return false;
+        case mode::read:
+          desired_access = GENERIC_READ;
+          creation_disposition = OPEN_EXISTING;
+          flprotect = PAGE_READONLY;
+          map_access = FILE_MAP_READ;
+          break;
+        case mode::write:
+          //write access requires read access
+          desired_access = GENERIC_WRITE;
+          creation_disposition = CREATE_ALWAYS;
+          flprotect = PAGE_READWRITE;
+          map_access = FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS;
+          break;
+        case mode::readwrite:
+          desired_access = GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE;
+          creation_disposition = OPEN_EXISTING;
+          flprotect = PAGE_READWRITE;
+          map_access = FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS;
+          break;
+        case mode::writeread:
+          desired_access = GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE;
+          creation_disposition = CREATE_NEW;
+          flprotect = PAGE_READWRITE;
+          map_access = FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      p_filehandle = CreateFileW(utf16_t(filename), desired_access, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL,
+        creation_disposition, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
+      if(p_filehandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return false;
+
+      p_size = GetFileSize(p_filehandle, NULL);
+
+      p_maphandle = CreateFileMapping(p_filehandle, NULL, flprotect, 0, p_size, NULL);
+      if(p_maphandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        CloseHandle(p_filehandle);
+        p_filehandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      p_handle = (uint8_t*)MapViewOfFile(p_maphandle, map_access, 0, 0, p_size);
+      return p_handle;
+    }
+
+    void p_close() {
+      if(p_handle) {
+        UnmapViewOfFile(p_handle);
+        p_handle = 0;
+      }
+
+      if(p_maphandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        CloseHandle(p_maphandle);
+        p_maphandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+      }
+
+      if(p_filehandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        CloseHandle(p_filehandle);
+        p_filehandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+      }
+    }
+
+    void p_ctor() {
+      p_filehandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+      p_maphandle  = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    void p_dtor() {
+      close();
+    }
+
+    #else
+    //====
+    //mmap
+    //====
+
+    int p_fd;
+
+    bool p_open() const {
+      return p_handle;
+    }
+
+    bool p_open(const char *filename, mode mode_) {
+      if(file::exists(filename) && file::size(filename) == 0) {
+        p_handle = 0;
+        p_size = 0;
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      int open_flags, mmap_flags;
+
+      switch(mode_) {
+        default: return false;
+        case mode::read:
+          open_flags = O_RDONLY;
+          mmap_flags = PROT_READ;
+          break;
+        case mode::write:
+          open_flags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;  //mmap() requires read access
+          mmap_flags = PROT_WRITE;
+          break;
+        case mode::readwrite:
+          open_flags = O_RDWR;
+          mmap_flags = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
+          break;
+        case mode::writeread:
+          open_flags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
+          mmap_flags = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
+          break;
+      }
+
+      p_fd = ::open(filename, open_flags, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP);
+      if(p_fd < 0) return false;
+
+      struct stat p_stat;
+      fstat(p_fd, &p_stat);
+      p_size = p_stat.st_size;
+
+      p_handle = (uint8_t*)mmap(0, p_size, mmap_flags, MAP_SHARED, p_fd, 0);
+      if(p_handle == MAP_FAILED) {
+        p_handle = 0;
+        ::close(p_fd);
+        p_fd = -1;
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      return p_handle;
+    }
+
+    void p_close() {
+      if(p_handle) {
+        munmap(p_handle, p_size);
+        p_handle = 0;
+      }
+
+      if(p_fd >= 0) {
+        ::close(p_fd);
+        p_fd = -1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    void p_ctor() {
+      p_fd = -1;
+    }
+
+    void p_dtor() {
+      p_close();
+    }
+
+    #endif
+  };
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/gzip.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#ifndef NALL_GZIP_HPP
+#define NALL_GZIP_HPP
+
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/inflate.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct gzip {
+  string filename;
+  uint8_t *data;
+  unsigned size;
+
+  inline bool decompress(const string &filename);
+  inline bool decompress(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+
+  inline gzip();
+  inline ~gzip();
+};
+
+bool gzip::decompress(const string &filename) {
+  if(auto memory = file::read(filename)) {
+    return decompress(memory.data(), memory.size());
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool gzip::decompress(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  if(size < 18) return false;
+  if(data[0] != 0x1f) return false;
+  if(data[1] != 0x8b) return false;
+  unsigned cm = data[2];
+  unsigned flg = data[3];
+  unsigned mtime = data[4];
+  mtime |= data[5] << 8;
+  mtime |= data[6] << 16;
+  mtime |= data[7] << 24;
+  unsigned xfl = data[8];
+  unsigned os = data[9];
+  unsigned p = 10;
+  unsigned isize = data[size - 4];
+  isize |= data[size - 3] << 8;
+  isize |= data[size - 2] << 16;
+  isize |= data[size - 1] << 24;
+  filename = "";
+
+  if(flg & 0x04) {  //FEXTRA
+    unsigned xlen = data[p + 0];
+    xlen |= data[p + 1] << 8;
+    p += 2 + xlen;
+  }
+
+  if(flg & 0x08) {  //FNAME
+    char buffer[PATH_MAX];
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < PATH_MAX; n++, p++) {
+      buffer[n] = data[p];
+      if(data[p] == 0) break;
+    }
+    if(data[p++]) return false;
+    filename = buffer;
+  }
+
+  if(flg & 0x10) {  //FCOMMENT
+    while(data[p++]);
+  }
+
+  if(flg & 0x02) {  //FHCRC
+    p += 2;
+  }
+
+  this->size = isize;
+  this->data = new uint8_t[this->size];
+  return inflate(this->data, this->size, data + p, size - p - 8);
+}
+
+gzip::gzip() : data(nullptr) {
+}
+
+gzip::~gzip() {
+  if(data) delete[] data;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/http.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#ifndef NALL_HTTP_HPP
+#define NALL_HTTP_HPP
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
+  #include <sys/types.h>
+  #include <sys/socket.h>
+  #include <netinet/in.h>
+  #include <netdb.h>
+#else
+  #include <winsock2.h>
+  #include <ws2tcpip.h>
+  #include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <nall/platform.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct http {
+  string hostname;
+  addrinfo *serverinfo;
+  int serversocket;
+  string header;
+
+  inline void download(const string &path, uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size) {
+    data = 0;
+    size = 0;
+
+    send({
+      "GET ", path, " HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+      "Host: ", hostname, "\r\n"
+      "Connection: close\r\n"
+      "\r\n"
+    });
+
+    header = downloadHeader();
+    downloadContent(data, size);
+  }
+
+  inline bool connect(string host, unsigned port) {
+    hostname = host;
+
+    addrinfo hints;
+    memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(addrinfo));
+    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+    hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
+
+    int status = getaddrinfo(hostname, string(port), &hints, &serverinfo);
+    if(status != 0) return false;
+
+    serversocket = socket(serverinfo->ai_family, serverinfo->ai_socktype, serverinfo->ai_protocol);
+    if(serversocket == -1) return false;
+
+    int result = ::connect(serversocket, serverinfo->ai_addr, serverinfo->ai_addrlen);
+    if(result == -1) return false;
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline bool send(const string &data) {
+    return send((const uint8_t*)(const char*)data, data.length());
+  }
+
+  inline bool send(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+    while(size) {
+      int length = ::send(serversocket, (const char*)data, size, 0);
+      if(length == -1) return false;
+      data += length;
+      size -= length;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline string downloadHeader() {
+    string output;
+    do {
+      char buffer[2];
+      int length = recv(serversocket, buffer, 1, 0);
+      if(length <= 0) return output;
+      buffer[1] = 0;
+      output.append(buffer);
+    } while(output.endswith("\r\n\r\n") == false);
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  inline string downloadChunkLength() {
+    string output;
+    do {
+      char buffer[2];
+      int length = recv(serversocket, buffer, 1, 0);
+      if(length <= 0) return output;
+      buffer[1] = 0;
+      output.append(buffer);
+    } while(output.endswith("\r\n") == false);
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  inline void downloadContent(uint8_t *&data, unsigned &size) {
+    unsigned capacity = 0;
+
+    if(header.iposition("\r\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n")) {
+      while(true) {
+        unsigned length = hex(downloadChunkLength());
+        if(length == 0) break;
+        capacity += length;
+        data = (uint8_t*)realloc(data, capacity);
+
+        char buffer[length];
+        while(length) {
+          int packetlength = recv(serversocket, buffer, length, 0);
+          if(packetlength <= 0) break;
+          memcpy(data + size, buffer, packetlength);
+          size += packetlength;
+          length -= packetlength;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if(auto position = header.iposition("\r\nContent-Length: ")) {
+      unsigned length = decimal((const char*)header + position() + 18);
+      while(length) {
+        char buffer[256];
+        int packetlength = recv(serversocket, buffer, min(256, length), 0);
+        if(packetlength <= 0) break;
+        capacity += packetlength;
+        data = (uint8_t*)realloc(data, capacity);
+        memcpy(data + size, buffer, packetlength);
+        size += packetlength;
+        length -= packetlength;
+      }
+    } else {
+      while(true) {
+        char buffer[256];
+        int packetlength = recv(serversocket, buffer, 256, 0);
+        if(packetlength <= 0) break;
+        capacity += packetlength;
+        data = (uint8_t*)realloc(data, capacity);
+        memcpy(data + size, buffer, packetlength);
+        size += packetlength;
+      }
+    }
+
+    data = (uint8_t*)realloc(data, capacity + 1);
+    data[capacity] = 0;
+  }
+
+  inline void disconnect() {
+    close(serversocket);
+    freeaddrinfo(serverinfo);
+    serverinfo = 0;
+    serversocket = -1;
+  }
+
+  #ifdef _WIN32
+  inline int close(int sock) {
+    return closesocket(sock);
+  }
+
+  inline http() {
+    int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
+    if(sock == INVALID_SOCKET && WSAGetLastError() == WSANOTINITIALISED) {
+      WSADATA wsaData;
+      if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0) {
+        WSACleanup();
+        return;
+      }
+    } else {
+      close(sock);
+    }
+  }
+  #endif
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/image.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,539 @@
+#ifndef NALL_IMAGE_HPP
+#define NALL_IMAGE_HPP
+
+#include <nall/bmp.hpp>
+#include <nall/filemap.hpp>
+#include <nall/interpolation.hpp>
+#include <nall/png.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct image {
+  uint8_t *data;
+  unsigned width;
+  unsigned height;
+  unsigned pitch;
+
+  bool endian;  //0 = little, 1 = big
+  unsigned depth;
+  unsigned stride;
+
+  struct Channel {
+    uint64_t mask;
+    unsigned depth;
+    unsigned shift;
+
+    inline bool operator==(const Channel &source) {
+      return mask == source.mask && depth == source.depth && shift == source.shift;
+    }
+
+    inline bool operator!=(const Channel &source) {
+      return !operator==(source);
+    }
+  } alpha, red, green, blue;
+
+  typedef double (*interpolation)(double, double, double, double, double);
+  static inline unsigned bitDepth(uint64_t color);
+  static inline unsigned bitShift(uint64_t color);
+  static inline uint64_t normalize(uint64_t color, unsigned sourceDepth, unsigned targetDepth);
+
+  inline bool operator==(const image &source);
+  inline bool operator!=(const image &source);
+
+  inline image& operator=(const image &source);
+  inline image& operator=(image &&source);
+  inline image(const image &source);
+  inline image(image &&source);
+  inline image(bool endian, unsigned depth, uint64_t alphaMask, uint64_t redMask, uint64_t greenMask, uint64_t blueMask);
+  inline image(const string &filename);
+  inline image(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline image();
+  inline ~image();
+
+  inline uint64_t read(const uint8_t *data) const;
+  inline void write(uint8_t *data, uint64_t value) const;
+
+  inline void free();
+  inline bool empty() const;
+  inline void allocate(unsigned width, unsigned height);
+  inline void clear(uint64_t color);
+  inline bool load(const string &filename);
+//inline bool loadBMP(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline bool loadPNG(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline void scale(unsigned width, unsigned height, interpolation op);
+  inline void transform(bool endian, unsigned depth, uint64_t alphaMask, uint64_t redMask, uint64_t greenMask, uint64_t blueMask);
+  inline void alphaBlend(uint64_t alphaColor);
+
+protected:
+  inline uint64_t interpolate(double mu, const uint64_t *s, interpolation op);
+  inline void scaleX(unsigned width, interpolation op);
+  inline void scaleY(unsigned height, interpolation op);
+  inline bool loadBMP(const string &filename);
+  inline bool loadPNG(const string &filename);
+};
+
+//static
+
+unsigned image::bitDepth(uint64_t color) {
+  unsigned depth = 0;
+  if(color) while((color & 1) == 0) color >>= 1;
+  while((color & 1) == 1) { color >>= 1; depth++; }
+  return depth;
+}
+
+unsigned image::bitShift(uint64_t color) {
+  unsigned shift = 0;
+  if(color) while((color & 1) == 0) { color >>= 1; shift++; }
+  return shift;
+}
+
+uint64_t image::normalize(uint64_t color, unsigned sourceDepth, unsigned targetDepth) {
+  while(sourceDepth < targetDepth) {
+    color = (color << sourceDepth) | color;
+    sourceDepth += sourceDepth;
+  }
+  if(targetDepth < sourceDepth) color >>= (sourceDepth - targetDepth);
+  return color;
+}
+
+//public
+
+bool image::operator==(const image &source) {
+  if(width != source.width) return false;
+  if(height != source.height) return false;
+  if(pitch != source.pitch) return false;
+
+  if(endian != source.endian) return false;
+  if(stride != source.stride) return false;
+
+  if(alpha != source.alpha) return false;
+  if(red != source.red) return false;
+  if(green != source.green) return false;
+  if(blue != source.blue) return false;
+
+  return memcmp(data, source.data, width * height * stride) == 0;
+}
+
+bool image::operator!=(const image &source) {
+  return !operator==(source);
+}
+
+image& image::operator=(const image &source) {
+  free();
+
+  width = source.width;
+  height = source.height;
+  pitch = source.pitch;
+
+  endian = source.endian;
+  stride = source.stride;
+
+  alpha = source.alpha;
+  red = source.red;
+  green = source.green;
+  blue = source.blue;
+
+  data = new uint8_t[width * height * stride];
+  memcpy(data, source.data, width * height * stride);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+image& image::operator=(image &&source) {
+  free();
+
+  width = source.width;
+  height = source.height;
+  pitch = source.pitch;
+
+  endian = source.endian;
+  stride = source.stride;
+
+  alpha = source.alpha;
+  red = source.red;
+  green = source.green;
+  blue = source.blue;
+
+  data = source.data;
+  source.data = nullptr;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+image::image(const image &source) : data(nullptr) {
+  operator=(source);
+}
+
+image::image(image &&source) : data(nullptr) {
+  operator=(std::forward<image>(source));
+}
+
+image::image(bool endian, unsigned depth, uint64_t alphaMask, uint64_t redMask, uint64_t greenMask, uint64_t blueMask) : data(nullptr) {
+  width = 0, height = 0, pitch = 0;
+
+  this->endian = endian;
+  this->depth = depth;
+  this->stride = (depth / 8) + ((depth & 7) > 0);
+
+  alpha.mask = alphaMask, red.mask = redMask, green.mask = greenMask, blue.mask = blueMask;
+  alpha.depth = bitDepth(alpha.mask), alpha.shift = bitShift(alpha.mask);
+  red.depth = bitDepth(red.mask), red.shift = bitShift(red.mask);
+  green.depth = bitDepth(green.mask), green.shift = bitShift(green.mask);
+  blue.depth = bitDepth(blue.mask), blue.shift = bitShift(blue.mask);
+}
+
+image::image(const string &filename) : data(nullptr) {
+  width = 0, height = 0, pitch = 0;
+
+  this->endian = 0;
+  this->depth = 32;
+  this->stride = 4;
+
+  alpha.mask = 255u << 24, red.mask = 255u << 16, green.mask = 255u << 8, blue.mask = 255u << 0;
+  alpha.depth = bitDepth(alpha.mask), alpha.shift = bitShift(alpha.mask);
+  red.depth = bitDepth(red.mask), red.shift = bitShift(red.mask);
+  green.depth = bitDepth(green.mask), green.shift = bitShift(green.mask);
+  blue.depth = bitDepth(blue.mask), blue.shift = bitShift(blue.mask);
+
+  load(filename);
+}
+
+image::image(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) : data(nullptr) {
+  width = 0, height = 0, pitch = 0;
+
+  this->endian = 0;
+  this->depth = 32;
+  this->stride = 4;
+
+  alpha.mask = 255u << 24, red.mask = 255u << 16, green.mask = 255u << 8, blue.mask = 255u << 0;
+  alpha.depth = bitDepth(alpha.mask), alpha.shift = bitShift(alpha.mask);
+  red.depth = bitDepth(red.mask), red.shift = bitShift(red.mask);
+  green.depth = bitDepth(green.mask), green.shift = bitShift(green.mask);
+  blue.depth = bitDepth(blue.mask), blue.shift = bitShift(blue.mask);
+
+  loadPNG(data, size);
+}
+
+image::image() : data(nullptr) {
+  width = 0, height = 0, pitch = 0;
+
+  this->endian = 0;
+  this->depth = 32;
+  this->stride = 4;
+
+  alpha.mask = 255u << 24, red.mask = 255u << 16, green.mask = 255u << 8, blue.mask = 255u << 0;
+  alpha.depth = bitDepth(alpha.mask), alpha.shift = bitShift(alpha.mask);
+  red.depth = bitDepth(red.mask), red.shift = bitShift(red.mask);
+  green.depth = bitDepth(green.mask), green.shift = bitShift(green.mask);
+  blue.depth = bitDepth(blue.mask), blue.shift = bitShift(blue.mask);
+}
+
+image::~image() {
+  free();
+}
+
+uint64_t image::read(const uint8_t *data) const {
+  uint64_t result = 0;
+  if(endian == 0) {
+    for(signed n = stride - 1; n >= 0; n--) result = (result << 8) | data[n];
+  } else {
+    for(signed n = 0; n < stride; n++) result = (result << 8) | data[n];
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+void image::write(uint8_t *data, uint64_t value) const {
+  if(endian == 0) {
+    for(signed n = 0; n < stride; n++) { data[n] = value; value >>= 8; }
+  } else {
+    for(signed n = stride - 1; n >= 0; n--) { data[n] = value; value >>= 8; }
+  }
+}
+
+void image::free() {
+  if(data) delete[] data;
+  data = nullptr;
+}
+
+bool image::empty() const {
+  if(data == nullptr) return true;
+  if(width == 0 || height == 0) return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
+void image::allocate(unsigned width, unsigned height) {
+  if(data != nullptr && this->width == width && this->height == height) return;
+  free();
+  data = new uint8_t[width * height * stride]();
+  pitch = width * stride;
+  this->width = width;
+  this->height = height;
+}
+
+void image::clear(uint64_t color) {
+  uint8_t *dp = data;
+  for(unsigned n = 0; n < width * height; n++) {
+    write(dp, color);
+    dp += stride;
+  }
+}
+
+bool image::load(const string &filename) {
+  if(loadBMP(filename) == true) return true;
+  if(loadPNG(filename) == true) return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
+void image::scale(unsigned outputWidth, unsigned outputHeight, interpolation op) {
+  if(width != outputWidth) scaleX(outputWidth, op);
+  if(height != outputHeight) scaleY(outputHeight, op);
+}
+
+void image::transform(bool outputEndian, unsigned outputDepth, uint64_t outputAlphaMask, uint64_t outputRedMask, uint64_t outputGreenMask, uint64_t outputBlueMask) {
+  image output(outputEndian, outputDepth, outputAlphaMask, outputRedMask, outputGreenMask, outputBlueMask);
+  output.allocate(width, height);
+
+  #pragma omp parallel for
+  for(unsigned y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+    uint8_t *dp = output.data + output.pitch * y;
+    uint8_t *sp = data + pitch * y;
+    for(unsigned x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+      uint64_t color = read(sp);
+      sp += stride;
+
+      uint64_t a = (color & alpha.mask) >> alpha.shift;
+      uint64_t r = (color & red.mask) >> red.shift;
+      uint64_t g = (color & green.mask) >> green.shift;
+      uint64_t b = (color & blue.mask) >> blue.shift;
+
+      a = normalize(a, alpha.depth, output.alpha.depth);
+      r = normalize(r, red.depth, output.red.depth);
+      g = normalize(g, green.depth, output.green.depth);
+      b = normalize(b, blue.depth, output.blue.depth);
+
+      output.write(dp, (a << output.alpha.shift) | (r << output.red.shift) | (g << output.green.shift) | (b << output.blue.shift));
+      dp += output.stride;
+    }
+  }
+
+  operator=(std::move(output));
+}
+
+void image::alphaBlend(uint64_t alphaColor) {
+  uint64_t alphaR = (alphaColor & red.mask) >> red.shift;
+  uint64_t alphaG = (alphaColor & green.mask) >> green.shift;
+  uint64_t alphaB = (alphaColor & blue.mask) >> blue.shift;
+
+  #pragma omp parallel for
+  for(unsigned y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+    uint8_t *dp = data + pitch * y;
+    for(unsigned x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+      uint64_t color = read(dp);
+
+      uint64_t colorA = (color & alpha.mask) >> alpha.shift;
+      uint64_t colorR = (color & red.mask) >> red.shift;
+      uint64_t colorG = (color & green.mask) >> green.shift;
+      uint64_t colorB = (color & blue.mask) >> blue.shift;
+      double alphaScale = (double)colorA / (double)((1 << alpha.depth) - 1);
+
+      colorA = (1 << alpha.depth) - 1;
+      colorR = (colorR * alphaScale) + (alphaR * (1.0 - alphaScale));
+      colorG = (colorG * alphaScale) + (alphaG * (1.0 - alphaScale));
+      colorB = (colorB * alphaScale) + (alphaB * (1.0 - alphaScale));
+
+      write(dp, (colorA << alpha.shift) | (colorR << red.shift) | (colorG << green.shift) | (colorB << blue.shift));
+      dp += stride;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+//protected
+
+uint64_t image::interpolate(double mu, const uint64_t *s, double (*op)(double, double, double, double, double)) {
+  uint64_t aa = (s[0] & alpha.mask) >> alpha.shift, ar = (s[0] & red.mask) >> red.shift,
+           ag = (s[0] & green.mask) >> green.shift, ab = (s[0] & blue.mask) >> blue.shift;
+  uint64_t ba = (s[1] & alpha.mask) >> alpha.shift, br = (s[1] & red.mask) >> red.shift,
+           bg = (s[1] & green.mask) >> green.shift, bb = (s[1] & blue.mask) >> blue.shift;
+  uint64_t ca = (s[2] & alpha.mask) >> alpha.shift, cr = (s[2] & red.mask) >> red.shift,
+           cg = (s[2] & green.mask) >> green.shift, cb = (s[2] & blue.mask) >> blue.shift;
+  uint64_t da = (s[3] & alpha.mask) >> alpha.shift, dr = (s[3] & red.mask) >> red.shift,
+           dg = (s[3] & green.mask) >> green.shift, db = (s[3] & blue.mask) >> blue.shift;
+
+  int64_t A = op(mu, aa, ba, ca, da);
+  int64_t R = op(mu, ar, br, cr, dr);
+  int64_t G = op(mu, ag, bg, cg, dg);
+  int64_t B = op(mu, ab, bb, cb, db);
+
+  A = max(0, min(A, (1 << alpha.depth) - 1));
+  R = max(0, min(R, (1 << red.depth) - 1));
+  G = max(0, min(G, (1 << green.depth) - 1));
+  B = max(0, min(B, (1 << blue.depth) - 1));
+
+  return (A << alpha.shift) | (R << red.shift) | (G << green.shift) | (B << blue.shift);
+}
+
+void image::scaleX(unsigned outputWidth, interpolation op) {
+  uint8_t *outputData = new uint8_t[outputWidth * height * stride];
+  unsigned outputPitch = outputWidth * stride;
+  double step = (double)width / (double)outputWidth;
+  const uint8_t *terminal = data + pitch * height;
+
+  #pragma omp parallel for
+  for(unsigned y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+    uint8_t *dp = outputData + outputPitch * y;
+    uint8_t *sp = data + pitch * y;
+
+    double fraction = 0.0;
+    uint64_t s[4] = { sp < terminal ? read(sp) : 0 };  //B,C (0,1) = center of kernel { 0, 0, 1, 2 }
+    s[1] = s[0];
+    s[2] = sp + stride < terminal ? read(sp += stride) : s[1];
+    s[3] = sp + stride < terminal ? read(sp += stride) : s[2];
+
+    for(unsigned x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+      while(fraction <= 1.0) {
+        if(dp >= outputData + outputPitch * height) break;
+        write(dp, interpolate(fraction, (const uint64_t*)&s, op));
+        dp += stride;
+        fraction += step;
+      }
+
+      s[0] = s[1]; s[1] = s[2]; s[2] = s[3];
+      if(sp + stride < terminal) s[3] = read(sp += stride);
+      fraction -= 1.0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  free();
+  data = outputData;
+  width = outputWidth;
+  pitch = width * stride;
+}
+
+void image::scaleY(unsigned outputHeight, interpolation op) {
+  uint8_t *outputData = new uint8_t[width * outputHeight * stride];
+  double step = (double)height / (double)outputHeight;
+  const uint8_t *terminal = data + pitch * height;
+
+  #pragma omp parallel for
+  for(unsigned x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+    uint8_t *dp = outputData + stride * x;
+    uint8_t *sp = data + stride * x;
+
+    double fraction = 0.0;
+    uint64_t s[4] = { sp < terminal ? read(sp) : 0 };
+    s[1] = s[0];
+    s[2] = sp + pitch < terminal ? read(sp += pitch) : s[1];
+    s[3] = sp + pitch < terminal ? read(sp += pitch) : s[2];
+
+    for(unsigned y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+      while(fraction <= 1.0) {
+        if(dp >= outputData + pitch * outputHeight) break;
+        write(dp, interpolate(fraction, (const uint64_t*)&s, op));
+        dp += pitch;
+        fraction += step;
+      }
+
+      s[0] = s[1]; s[1] = s[2]; s[2] = s[3];
+      if(sp + pitch < terminal) s[3] = read(sp += pitch);
+      fraction -= 1.0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  free();
+  data = outputData;
+  height = outputHeight;
+}
+
+bool image::loadBMP(const string &filename) {
+  uint32_t *outputData;
+  unsigned outputWidth, outputHeight;
+  if(bmp::read(filename, outputData, outputWidth, outputHeight) == false) return false;
+
+  allocate(outputWidth, outputHeight);
+  const uint32_t *sp = outputData;
+  uint8_t *dp = data;
+
+  for(unsigned y = 0; y < outputHeight; y++) {
+    for(unsigned x = 0; x < outputWidth; x++) {
+      uint32_t color = *sp++;
+      uint64_t a = normalize((uint8_t)(color >> 24), 8, alpha.depth);
+      uint64_t r = normalize((uint8_t)(color >> 16), 8, red.depth);
+      uint64_t g = normalize((uint8_t)(color >>  8), 8, green.depth);
+      uint64_t b = normalize((uint8_t)(color >>  0), 8, blue.depth);
+      write(dp, (a << alpha.shift) | (r << red.shift) | (g << green.shift) | (b << blue.shift));
+      dp += stride;
+    }
+  }
+
+  delete[] outputData;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool image::loadPNG(const uint8_t *pngData, unsigned pngSize) {
+  png source;
+  if(source.decode(pngData, pngSize) == false) return false;
+
+  allocate(source.info.width, source.info.height);
+  const uint8_t *sp = source.data;
+  uint8_t *dp = data;
+
+  auto decode = [&]() -> uint64_t {
+    uint64_t p, r, g, b, a;
+
+    switch(source.info.colorType) {
+    case 0:  //L
+      r = g = b = source.readbits(sp);
+      a = (1 << source.info.bitDepth) - 1;
+      break;
+    case 2:  //R,G,B
+      r = source.readbits(sp);
+      g = source.readbits(sp);
+      b = source.readbits(sp);
+      a = (1 << source.info.bitDepth) - 1;
+      break;
+    case 3:  //P
+      p = source.readbits(sp);
+      r = source.info.palette[p][0];
+      g = source.info.palette[p][1];
+      b = source.info.palette[p][2];
+      a = (1 << source.info.bitDepth) - 1;
+      break;
+    case 4:  //L,A
+      r = g = b = source.readbits(sp);
+      a = source.readbits(sp);
+      break;
+    case 6:  //R,G,B,A
+      r = source.readbits(sp);
+      g = source.readbits(sp);
+      b = source.readbits(sp);
+      a = source.readbits(sp);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    a = normalize(a, source.info.bitDepth, alpha.depth);
+    r = normalize(r, source.info.bitDepth, red.depth);
+    g = normalize(g, source.info.bitDepth, green.depth);
+    b = normalize(b, source.info.bitDepth, blue.depth);
+
+    return (a << alpha.shift) | (r << red.shift) | (g << green.shift) | (b << blue.shift);
+  };
+
+  for(unsigned y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+    for(unsigned x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+      write(dp, decode());
+      dp += stride;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool image::loadPNG(const string &filename) {
+  filemap map;
+  if(map.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) return false;
+  return loadPNG(map.data(), map.size());
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/interpolation.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#ifndef NALL_INTERPOLATION_HPP
+#define NALL_INTERPOLATION_HPP
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct Interpolation {
+  static inline double Nearest(double mu, double a, double b, double c, double d) {
+    return (mu <= 0.5 ? b : c);
+  }
+
+  static inline double Sublinear(double mu, double a, double b, double c, double d) {
+    mu = ((mu - 0.5) * 2.0) + 0.5;
+    if(mu < 0) mu = 0;
+    if(mu > 1) mu = 1;
+    return b * (1.0 - mu) + c * mu;
+  }
+
+  static inline double Linear(double mu, double a, double b, double c, double d) {
+    return b * (1.0 - mu) + c * mu;
+  }
+
+  static inline double Cosine(double mu, double a, double b, double c, double d) {
+    mu = (1.0 - cos(mu * 3.14159265)) / 2.0;
+    return b * (1.0 - mu) + c * mu;
+  }
+
+  static inline double Cubic(double mu, double a, double b, double c, double d) {
+    double A = d - c - a + b;
+    double B = a - b - A;
+    double C = c - a;
+    double D = b;
+    return A * (mu * mu * mu) + B * (mu * mu) + C * mu + D;
+  }
+
+  static inline double Hermite(double mu1, double a, double b, double c, double d) {
+    const double tension = 0.0;  //-1 = low, 0 = normal, +1 = high
+    const double bias = 0.0;  //-1 = left, 0 = even, +1 = right
+    double mu2, mu3, m0, m1, a0, a1, a2, a3;
+
+    mu2 = mu1 * mu1;
+    mu3 = mu2 * mu1;
+
+    m0  = (b - a) * (1.0 + bias) * (1.0 - tension) / 2.0;
+    m0 += (c - b) * (1.0 - bias) * (1.0 - tension) / 2.0;
+    m1  = (c - b) * (1.0 + bias) * (1.0 - tension) / 2.0;
+    m1 += (d - c) * (1.0 - bias) * (1.0 - tension) / 2.0;
+
+    a0 = +2 * mu3 - 3 * mu2 + 1;
+    a1 =      mu3 - 2 * mu2 + mu1;
+    a2 =      mu3 -     mu2;
+    a3 = -2 * mu3 + 3 * mu2;
+
+    return (a0 * b) + (a1 * m0) + (a2 * m1) + (a3 * c);
+  }
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/invoke.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#ifndef NALL_INVOKE_HPP
+#define NALL_INVOKE_HPP
+
+//void invoke(const string &name, const string& args...);
+//if a program is specified, it is executed with the arguments provided
+//if a file is specified, the file is opened using the program associated with said file type
+//if a folder is specified, the folder is opened using the associated file explorer
+//if a URL is specified, the default web browser is opened and pointed at the URL requested
+//path environment variable is always consulted
+//execution is asynchronous (non-blocking); use system() for synchronous execution
+
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  #include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
+#endif
+
+namespace nall {
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+template<typename... Args>
+inline void invoke(const string &name, Args&&... args) {
+  lstring argl(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  for(auto &arg : argl) if(arg.position(" ")) arg = {"\"", arg, "\""};
+  string arguments = argl.concatenate(" ");
+  ShellExecuteW(NULL, NULL, utf16_t(name), utf16_t(arguments), NULL, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
+}
+
+#else
+
+template<typename... Args>
+inline void invoke(const string &name, Args&&... args) {
+  pid_t pid = fork();
+  if(pid == 0) {
+    const char *argv[1 + sizeof...(args) + 1], **argp = argv;
+    lstring argl(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    *argp++ = (const char*)name;
+    for(auto &arg : argl) *argp++ = (const char*)arg;
+    *argp++ = nullptr;
+
+    if(execvp(name, (char* const*)argv) < 0) {
+      execlp("xdg-open", "xdg-open", (const char*)name, nullptr);
+    }
+    exit(0);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/ips.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#ifndef NALL_IPS_HPP
+#define NALL_IPS_HPP
+
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct ips {
+  inline bool apply();
+  inline void source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline void modify(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+  inline ips();
+  inline ~ips();
+
+  uint8_t *data;
+  unsigned size;
+  const uint8_t *sourceData;
+  unsigned sourceSize;
+  const uint8_t *modifyData;
+  unsigned modifySize;
+};
+
+bool ips::apply() {
+  if(modifySize < 8) return false;
+  if(modifyData[0] != 'P') return false;
+  if(modifyData[1] != 'A') return false;
+  if(modifyData[2] != 'T') return false;
+  if(modifyData[3] != 'C') return false;
+  if(modifyData[4] != 'H') return false;
+
+  if(data) delete[] data;
+  data = new uint8_t[16 * 1024 * 1024 + 65536]();  //maximum size of IPS patch + single-tag padding
+  size = sourceSize;
+  memcpy(data, sourceData, sourceSize);
+  unsigned offset = 5;
+
+  while(true) {
+    unsigned address, length;
+
+    if(offset > modifySize - 3) break;
+    address  = modifyData[offset++] << 16;
+    address |= modifyData[offset++] <<  8;
+    address |= modifyData[offset++] <<  0;
+
+    if(address == 0x454f46) {  //EOF
+      if(offset == modifySize) return true;
+      if(offset == modifySize - 3) {
+        size  = modifyData[offset++] << 16;
+        size |= modifyData[offset++] <<  8;
+        size |= modifyData[offset++] <<  0;
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if(offset > modifySize - 2) break;
+    length  = modifyData[offset++] << 8;
+    length |= modifyData[offset++] << 0;
+
+    if(length) {  //Copy
+      if(offset > modifySize - length) break;
+      while(length--) data[address++] = modifyData[offset++];
+    } else {  //RLE
+      if(offset > modifySize - 3) break;
+      length  = modifyData[offset++] << 8;
+      length |= modifyData[offset++] << 0;
+      if(length == 0) break;  //illegal
+      while(length--) data[address++] = modifyData[offset];
+      offset++;
+    }
+
+    size = max(size, address);
+  }
+
+  delete[] data;
+  data = nullptr;
+  return false;
+}
+
+void ips::source(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  sourceData = data, sourceSize = size;
+}
+
+void ips::modify(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  modifyData = data, modifySize = size;
+}
+
+ips::ips() : data(nullptr), sourceData(nullptr), modifyData(nullptr) {
+}
+
+ips::~ips() {
+  if(data) delete[] data;
+  if(sourceData) delete[] sourceData;
+  if(modifyData) delete[] modifyData;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/map.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#ifndef NALL_MAP_HPP
+#define NALL_MAP_HPP
+
+#include <nall/vector.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+template<typename LHS, typename RHS>
+struct map {
+  struct pair {
+    LHS name;
+    RHS data;
+  };
+
+  inline void reset() {
+    list.reset();
+  }
+
+  inline unsigned size() const {
+    return list.size();
+  }
+
+  //O(log n) find
+  inline optional<unsigned> find(const LHS &name) const {
+    signed first = 0, last = size() - 1;
+    while(first <= last) {
+      signed middle = (first + last) / 2;
+           if(name < list[middle].name) last  = middle - 1;  //search lower half
+      else if(list[middle].name < name) first = middle + 1;  //search upper half
+      else return { true, (unsigned)middle };                //match found
+    }
+    return { false, 0u };
+  }
+
+  //O(n) insert + O(log n) find
+  inline RHS& insert(const LHS &name, const RHS &data) {
+    if(auto position = find(name)) {
+      list[position()].data = data;
+      return list[position()].data;
+    }
+    signed offset = size();
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < size(); n++) {
+      if(name < list[n].name) { offset = n; break; }
+    }
+    list.insert(offset, { name, data });
+    return list[offset].data;
+  }
+
+  //O(log n) find
+  inline void modify(const LHS &name, const RHS &data) {
+    if(auto position = find(name)) list[position()].data = data;
+  }
+
+  //O(n) remove + O(log n) find
+  inline void remove(const LHS &name) {
+    if(auto position = find(name)) list.remove(position());
+  }
+
+  //O(log n) find
+  inline RHS& operator[](const LHS &name) {
+    if(auto position = find(name)) return list[position()].data;
+    throw;
+  }
+
+  inline const RHS& operator[](const LHS &name) const {
+    if(auto position = find(name)) return list[position()].data;
+    throw;
+  }
+
+  inline RHS& operator()(const LHS &name) {
+    if(auto position = find(name)) return list[position()].data;
+    return insert(name, RHS());
+  }
+
+  inline const RHS& operator()(const LHS &name, const RHS &data) const {
+    if(auto position = find(name)) return list[position()].data;
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  inline pair* begin() { return list.begin(); }
+  inline pair* end() { return list.end(); }
+  inline const pair* begin() const { return list.begin(); }
+  inline const pair* end() const { return list.end(); }
+
+protected:
+  vector<pair> list;
+};
+
+template<typename LHS, typename RHS>
+struct bidirectional_map {
+  const map<LHS, RHS> &lhs;
+  const map<RHS, LHS> &rhs;
+
+  inline void reset() {
+    llist.reset();
+    rlist.reset();
+  }
+
+  inline unsigned size() const {
+    return llist.size();
+  }
+
+  inline void insert(const LHS &ldata, const RHS &rdata) {
+    llist.insert(ldata, rdata);
+    rlist.insert(rdata, ldata);
+  }
+
+  inline bidirectional_map() : lhs(llist), rhs(rlist) {}
+
+protected:
+  map<LHS, RHS> llist;
+  map<RHS, LHS> rlist;
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/mosaic.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef NALL_MOSAIC_HPP
+#define NALL_MOSAIC_HPP
+
+#define NALL_MOSAIC_INTERNAL_HPP
+#include <nall/mosaic/bitstream.hpp>
+#include <nall/mosaic/context.hpp>
+#include <nall/mosaic/parser.hpp>
+#undef NALL_MOSAIC_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/mosaic/bitstream.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#ifdef NALL_MOSAIC_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+namespace nall {
+namespace mosaic {
+
+struct bitstream {
+  filemap fp;
+  uint8_t *data;
+  unsigned size;
+  bool readonly;
+  bool endian;
+
+  inline bool read(uint64_t addr) const {
+    if(data == nullptr || (addr >> 3) >= size) return 0;
+    unsigned mask = endian == 0 ? (0x01 << (addr & 7)) : (0x80 >> (addr & 7));
+    return data[addr >> 3] & mask;
+  }
+
+  inline void write(uint64_t addr, bool value) {
+    if(data == nullptr || readonly == true || (addr >> 3) >= size) return;
+    unsigned mask = endian == 0 ? (0x01 << (addr & 7)) : (0x80 >> (addr & 7));
+    if(value == 0) data[addr >> 3] &= ~mask;
+    if(value == 1) data[addr >> 3] |=  mask;
+  }
+
+  inline bool open(const string &filename) {
+    readonly = false;
+    if(fp.open(filename, filemap::mode::readwrite) == false) {
+      readonly = true;
+      if(fp.open(filename, filemap::mode::read) == false) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    data = fp.data();
+    size = fp.size();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline void close() {
+    fp.close();
+    data = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  inline bitstream() : data(nullptr), endian(1) {
+  }
+
+  inline ~bitstream() {
+    close();
+  }
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/mosaic/context.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+#ifdef NALL_MOSAIC_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+namespace nall {
+namespace mosaic {
+
+struct context {
+  unsigned offset;
+  unsigned width;
+  unsigned height;
+  unsigned count;
+
+  bool endian;     //0 = lsb, 1 = msb
+  bool order;      //0 = linear, 1 = planar
+  unsigned depth;  //1 - 24bpp
+
+  unsigned blockWidth;
+  unsigned blockHeight;
+  unsigned blockStride;
+  unsigned blockOffset;
+  vector<unsigned> block;
+
+  unsigned tileWidth;
+  unsigned tileHeight;
+  unsigned tileStride;
+  unsigned tileOffset;
+  vector<unsigned> tile;
+
+  unsigned mosaicWidth;
+  unsigned mosaicHeight;
+  unsigned mosaicStride;
+  unsigned mosaicOffset;
+  vector<unsigned> mosaic;
+
+  unsigned paddingWidth;
+  unsigned paddingHeight;
+  unsigned paddingColor;
+  vector<unsigned> palette;
+
+  inline unsigned objectWidth() const { return blockWidth * tileWidth * mosaicWidth + paddingWidth; }
+  inline unsigned objectHeight() const { return blockHeight * tileHeight * mosaicHeight + paddingHeight; }
+  inline unsigned objectSize() const {
+    unsigned size = blockStride * tileWidth * tileHeight * mosaicWidth * mosaicHeight
+                  + blockOffset * tileHeight * mosaicWidth * mosaicHeight
+                  + tileStride * mosaicWidth * mosaicHeight
+                  + tileOffset * mosaicHeight;
+    return max(1u, size);
+  }
+
+  inline unsigned eval(const string &expression) {
+    intmax_t result;
+    if(fixedpoint::eval(expression, result) == false) return 0u;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  inline void eval(vector<unsigned> &buffer, const string &expression_) {
+    string expression = expression_;
+    bool function = false;
+    for(auto &c : expression) {
+      if(c == '(') function = true;
+      if(c == ')') function = false;
+      if(c == ',' && function == true) c = ';';
+    }
+
+    lstring list = expression.split(",");
+    for(auto &item : list) {
+      item.trim();
+      if(item.wildcard("f(?*) ?*")) {
+        item.ltrim<1>("f(");
+        lstring part = item.split<1>(") ");
+        lstring args = part[0].split<3>(";");
+        for(auto &item : args) item.trim();
+
+        unsigned length = eval(args(0, "0"));
+        unsigned offset = eval(args(1, "0"));
+        unsigned stride = eval(args(2, "0"));
+        if(args.size() < 2) offset = buffer.size();
+        if(args.size() < 3) stride = 1;
+
+        for(unsigned n = 0; n < length; n++) {
+          string fn = part[1];
+          fn.replace("n", decimal(n));
+          fn.replace("o", decimal(offset));
+          fn.replace("p", decimal(buffer.size()));
+          buffer.resize(offset + 1);
+          buffer[offset] = eval(fn);
+          offset += stride;
+        }
+      } else if(item.wildcard("base64*")) {
+        unsigned offset = 0;
+        item.ltrim<1>("base64");
+        if(item.wildcard("(?*) *")) {
+          item.ltrim<1>("(");
+          lstring part = item.split<1>(") ");
+          offset = eval(part[0]);
+          item = part(1, "");
+        }
+        item.trim();
+        for(auto &c : item) {
+          if(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') buffer.append(offset + c - 'A' +  0);
+          if(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') buffer.append(offset + c - 'a' + 26);
+          if(c >= '0' && c <= '9') buffer.append(offset + c - '0' + 52);
+          if(c == '-') buffer.append(offset + 62);
+          if(c == '_') buffer.append(offset + 63);
+        }
+      } else if(item.wildcard("file *")) {
+        item.ltrim<1>("file ");
+        item.trim();
+        //...
+      } else if(item.empty() == false) {
+        buffer.append(eval(item));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline void parse(const string &data) {
+    reset();
+
+    lstring lines = data.split("\n");
+    for(auto &line : lines) {
+      lstring part = line.split<1>(":");
+      if(part.size() != 2) continue;
+      part[0].trim();
+      part[1].trim();
+
+      if(part[0] == "offset") offset = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "width") width = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "height") height = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "count") count = eval(part[1]);
+
+      if(part[0] == "endian") endian = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "order") order = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "depth") depth = eval(part[1]);
+
+      if(part[0] == "blockWidth") blockWidth = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "blockHeight") blockHeight = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "blockStride") blockStride = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "blockOffset") blockOffset = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "block") eval(block, part[1]);
+
+      if(part[0] == "tileWidth") tileWidth = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "tileHeight") tileHeight = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "tileStride") tileStride = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "tileOffset") tileOffset = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "tile") eval(tile, part[1]);
+
+      if(part[0] == "mosaicWidth") mosaicWidth = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "mosaicHeight") mosaicHeight = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "mosaicStride") mosaicStride = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "mosaicOffset") mosaicOffset = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "mosaic") eval(mosaic, part[1]);
+
+      if(part[0] == "paddingWidth") paddingWidth = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "paddingHeight") paddingHeight = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "paddingColor") paddingColor = eval(part[1]);
+      if(part[0] == "palette") eval(palette, part[1]);
+    }
+
+    sanitize();
+  }
+
+  inline bool load(const string &filename) {
+    string filedata;
+    if(filedata.readfile(filename) == false) return false;
+    parse(filedata);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline void sanitize() {
+    if(depth < 1) depth = 1;
+    if(depth > 24) depth = 24;
+
+    if(blockWidth < 1) blockWidth = 1;
+    if(blockHeight < 1) blockHeight = 1;
+
+    if(tileWidth < 1) tileWidth = 1;
+    if(tileHeight < 1) tileHeight = 1;
+
+    if(mosaicWidth < 1) mosaicWidth = 1;
+    if(mosaicHeight < 1) mosaicHeight = 1;
+  }
+
+  inline void reset() {
+    offset = 0;
+    width = 0;
+    height = 0;
+    count = 0;
+
+    endian = 1;
+    order = 0;
+    depth = 1;
+
+    blockWidth = 1;
+    blockHeight = 1;
+    blockStride = 0;
+    blockOffset = 0;
+    block.reset();
+
+    tileWidth = 1;
+    tileHeight = 1;
+    tileStride = 0;
+    tileOffset = 0;
+    tile.reset();
+
+    mosaicWidth = 1;
+    mosaicHeight = 1;
+    mosaicStride = 0;
+    mosaicOffset = 0;
+    mosaic.reset();
+
+    paddingWidth = 0;
+    paddingHeight = 0;
+    paddingColor = 0x000000;
+    palette.reset();
+  }
+
+  inline context() {
+    reset();
+  }
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/mosaic/parser.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#ifdef NALL_MOSAIC_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+namespace nall {
+namespace mosaic {
+
+struct parser {
+  image canvas;
+
+  //export from bitstream to canvas
+  inline void load(bitstream &stream, uint64_t offset, context &ctx, unsigned width, unsigned height) {
+    canvas.allocate(width, height);
+    canvas.clear(ctx.paddingColor);
+    parse(1, stream, offset, ctx, width, height);
+  }
+
+  //import from canvas to bitstream
+  inline bool save(bitstream &stream, uint64_t offset, context &ctx) {
+    if(stream.readonly) return false;
+    parse(0, stream, offset, ctx, canvas.width, canvas.height);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  inline parser() : canvas(0, 32, 0u, 255u << 16, 255u << 8, 255u << 0) {
+  }
+
+private:
+  inline uint32_t read(unsigned x, unsigned y) const {
+    unsigned addr = y * canvas.width + x;
+    if(addr >= canvas.width * canvas.height) return 0u;
+    uint32_t *buffer = (uint32_t*)canvas.data;
+    return buffer[addr];
+  }
+
+  inline void write(unsigned x, unsigned y, uint32_t data) {
+    unsigned addr = y * canvas.width + x;
+    if(addr >= canvas.width * canvas.height) return;
+    uint32_t *buffer = (uint32_t*)canvas.data;
+    buffer[addr] = data;
+  }
+
+  inline void parse(bool load, bitstream &stream, uint64_t offset, context &ctx, unsigned width, unsigned height) {
+    stream.endian = ctx.endian;
+    unsigned canvasWidth = width / (ctx.mosaicWidth * ctx.tileWidth * ctx.blockWidth + ctx.paddingWidth);
+    unsigned canvasHeight = height / (ctx.mosaicHeight * ctx.tileHeight * ctx.blockHeight + ctx.paddingHeight);
+    unsigned bitsPerBlock = ctx.depth * ctx.blockWidth * ctx.blockHeight;
+
+    unsigned objectOffset = 0;
+    for(unsigned objectY = 0; objectY < canvasHeight; objectY++) {
+      for(unsigned objectX = 0; objectX < canvasWidth; objectX++) {
+        if(objectOffset >= ctx.count && ctx.count > 0) break;
+        unsigned objectIX = objectX * ctx.objectWidth();
+        unsigned objectIY = objectY * ctx.objectHeight();
+        objectOffset++;
+
+        unsigned mosaicOffset = 0;
+        for(unsigned mosaicY = 0; mosaicY < ctx.mosaicHeight; mosaicY++) {
+          for(unsigned mosaicX = 0; mosaicX < ctx.mosaicWidth; mosaicX++) {
+            unsigned mosaicData = ctx.mosaic(mosaicOffset, mosaicOffset);
+            unsigned mosaicIX = (mosaicData % ctx.mosaicWidth) * (ctx.tileWidth * ctx.blockWidth);
+            unsigned mosaicIY = (mosaicData / ctx.mosaicWidth) * (ctx.tileHeight * ctx.blockHeight);
+            mosaicOffset++;
+
+            unsigned tileOffset = 0;
+            for(unsigned tileY = 0; tileY < ctx.tileHeight; tileY++) {
+              for(unsigned tileX = 0; tileX < ctx.tileWidth; tileX++) {
+                unsigned tileData = ctx.tile(tileOffset, tileOffset);
+                unsigned tileIX = (tileData % ctx.tileWidth) * ctx.blockWidth;
+                unsigned tileIY = (tileData / ctx.tileWidth) * ctx.blockHeight;
+                tileOffset++;
+
+                unsigned blockOffset = 0;
+                for(unsigned blockY = 0; blockY < ctx.blockHeight; blockY++) {
+                  for(unsigned blockX = 0; blockX < ctx.blockWidth; blockX++) {
+                    if(load) {
+                      unsigned palette = 0;
+                      for(unsigned n = 0; n < ctx.depth; n++) {
+                        unsigned index = blockOffset++;
+                        if(ctx.order == 1) index = (index % ctx.depth) * ctx.blockWidth * ctx.blockHeight + (index / ctx.depth);
+                        palette |= stream.read(offset + ctx.block(index, index)) << n;
+                      }
+
+                      write(
+                        objectIX + mosaicIX + tileIX + blockX,
+                        objectIY + mosaicIY + tileIY + blockY,
+                        ctx.palette(palette, palette)
+                      );
+                    } else /* save */ {
+                      uint32_t palette = read(
+                        objectIX + mosaicIX + tileIX + blockX,
+                        objectIY + mosaicIY + tileIY + blockY
+                      );
+
+                      for(unsigned n = 0; n < ctx.depth; n++) {
+                        unsigned index = blockOffset++;
+                        if(ctx.order == 1) index = (index % ctx.depth) * ctx.blockWidth * ctx.blockHeight + (index / ctx.depth);
+                        stream.write(offset + ctx.block(index, index), palette & 1);
+                        palette >>= 1;
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }  //blockX
+                }  //blockY
+
+                offset += ctx.blockStride;
+              }  //tileX
+
+              offset += ctx.blockOffset;
+            }  //tileY
+
+            offset += ctx.tileStride;
+          }  //mosaicX
+
+          offset += ctx.tileOffset;
+        }  //mosaicY
+
+        offset += ctx.mosaicStride;
+      }  //objectX
+
+      offset += ctx.mosaicOffset;
+    }  //objectY
+  }
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/nall.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#ifndef NALL_HPP
+#define NALL_HPP
+
+//include the most common nall headers with one statement
+//does not include the most obscure components with high cost and low usage
+
+#include <nall/platform.hpp>
+
+#include <nall/algorithm.hpp>
+#include <nall/any.hpp>
+#include <nall/atoi.hpp>
+#include <nall/base64.hpp>
+#include <nall/bit.hpp>
+#include <nall/bmp.hpp>
+#include <nall/config.hpp>
+#include <nall/crc16.hpp>
+#include <nall/crc32.hpp>
+#include <nall/directory.hpp>
+#include <nall/dl.hpp>
+#include <nall/endian.hpp>
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/filemap.hpp>
+#include <nall/function.hpp>
+#include <nall/gzip.hpp>
+#include <nall/http.hpp>
+#include <nall/image.hpp>
+#include <nall/inflate.hpp>
+#include <nall/interpolation.hpp>
+#include <nall/intrinsics.hpp>
+#include <nall/invoke.hpp>
+#include <nall/map.hpp>
+#include <nall/png.hpp>
+#include <nall/property.hpp>
+#include <nall/random.hpp>
+#include <nall/serializer.hpp>
+#include <nall/set.hpp>
+#include <nall/sha256.hpp>
+#include <nall/sort.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/stream.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+#include <nall/traits.hpp>
+#include <nall/unzip.hpp>
+#include <nall/utility.hpp>
+#include <nall/varint.hpp>
+#include <nall/vector.hpp>
+#include <nall/zip.hpp>
+
+#if defined(PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+  #include <nall/windows/registry.hpp>
+  #include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PLATFORM_X)
+  #include <nall/serial.hpp>
+#endif
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/platform.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#ifndef NALL_PLATFORM_HPP
+#define NALL_PLATFORM_HPP
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  //minimum version needed for _wstat64, etc
+  #undef  __MSVCRT_VERSION__
+  #define __MSVCRT_VERSION__ 0x0601
+  #include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
+#endif
+
+//=========================
+//standard platform headers
+//=========================
+
+#include <limits>
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  #include <io.h>
+  #include <direct.h>
+  #include <shlobj.h>
+  #include <wchar.h>
+  #undef interface
+  #define dllexport __declspec(dllexport)
+#else
+  #include <unistd.h>
+  #include <pwd.h>
+  #define dllexport
+#endif
+
+//==================
+//warning supression
+//==================
+
+//Visual C++
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+  //disable libc "deprecation" warnings
+  #pragma warning(disable:4996)
+#endif
+
+//================
+//POSIX compliance
+//================
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+  #define PATH_MAX  _MAX_PATH
+  #define va_copy(dest, src)  ((dest) = (src))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  #define getcwd     _getcwd
+  #define putenv     _putenv
+  #define vsnprintf  _vsnprintf
+  inline void usleep(unsigned milliseconds) { Sleep(milliseconds / 1000); }
+#endif
+
+//================
+//inline expansion
+//================
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+  #define noinline      __attribute__((noinline))
+  #define inline        inline
+  #define alwaysinline  inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+  #define noinline      __declspec(noinline)
+  #define inline        inline
+  #define alwaysinline  inline __forceinline
+#else
+  #define noinline
+  #define inline        inline
+  #define alwaysinline  inline
+#endif
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/png.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+#ifndef NALL_PNG_HPP
+#define NALL_PNG_HPP
+
+//PNG image decoder
+//author: byuu
+
+#include <nall/inflate.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct png {
+  //colorType:
+  //0 = L
+  //2 = R,G,B
+  //3 = P
+  //4 = L,A
+  //6 = R,G,B,A
+  struct Info {
+    unsigned width;
+    unsigned height;
+    unsigned bitDepth;
+    unsigned colorType;
+    unsigned compressionMethod;
+    unsigned filterType;
+    unsigned interlaceMethod;
+
+    unsigned bytesPerPixel;
+    unsigned pitch;
+
+    uint8_t palette[256][3];
+  } info;
+
+  uint8_t *data;
+  unsigned size;
+
+  inline bool decode(const string &filename);
+  inline bool decode(const uint8_t *sourceData, unsigned sourceSize);
+  inline unsigned readbits(const uint8_t *&data);
+  unsigned bitpos;
+
+  inline png();
+  inline ~png();
+
+protected:
+  enum class FourCC : unsigned {
+    IHDR = 0x49484452,
+    PLTE = 0x504c5445,
+    IDAT = 0x49444154,
+    IEND = 0x49454e44,
+  };
+
+  inline unsigned interlace(unsigned pass, unsigned index);
+  inline unsigned inflateSize();
+  inline bool deinterlace(const uint8_t *&inputData, unsigned pass);
+  inline bool filter(uint8_t *outputData, const uint8_t *inputData, unsigned width, unsigned height);
+  inline unsigned read(const uint8_t *data, unsigned length);
+};
+
+bool png::decode(const string &filename) {
+  if(auto memory = file::read(filename)) {
+    return decode(memory.data(), memory.size());
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool png::decode(const uint8_t *sourceData, unsigned sourceSize) {
+  if(sourceSize < 8) return false;
+  if(read(sourceData + 0, 4) != 0x89504e47) return false;
+  if(read(sourceData + 4, 4) != 0x0d0a1a0a) return false;
+
+  uint8_t *compressedData = 0;
+  unsigned compressedSize = 0;
+
+  unsigned offset = 8;
+  while(offset < sourceSize) {
+    unsigned length   = read(sourceData + offset + 0, 4);
+    unsigned fourCC   = read(sourceData + offset + 4, 4);
+    unsigned checksum = read(sourceData + offset + 8 + length, 4);
+
+    if(fourCC == (unsigned)FourCC::IHDR) {
+      info.width             = read(sourceData + offset +  8, 4);
+      info.height            = read(sourceData + offset + 12, 4);
+      info.bitDepth          = read(sourceData + offset + 16, 1);
+      info.colorType         = read(sourceData + offset + 17, 1);
+      info.compressionMethod = read(sourceData + offset + 18, 1);
+      info.filterType        = read(sourceData + offset + 19, 1);
+      info.interlaceMethod   = read(sourceData + offset + 20, 1);
+
+      if(info.bitDepth == 0 || info.bitDepth > 16) return false;
+      if(info.bitDepth & (info.bitDepth - 1)) return false;  //not a power of two
+      if(info.compressionMethod != 0) return false;
+      if(info.filterType != 0) return false;
+      if(info.interlaceMethod != 0 && info.interlaceMethod != 1) return false;
+
+      switch(info.colorType) {
+      case 0: info.bytesPerPixel = info.bitDepth * 1; break;  //L
+      case 2: info.bytesPerPixel = info.bitDepth * 3; break;  //R,G,B
+      case 3: info.bytesPerPixel = info.bitDepth * 1; break;  //P
+      case 4: info.bytesPerPixel = info.bitDepth * 2; break;  //L,A
+      case 6: info.bytesPerPixel = info.bitDepth * 4; break;  //R,G,B,A
+      default: return false;
+      }
+
+      if(info.colorType == 2 || info.colorType == 4 || info.colorType == 6)
+        if(info.bitDepth != 8 && info.bitDepth != 16) return false;
+      if(info.colorType == 3 && info.bitDepth == 16) return false;
+
+      info.bytesPerPixel = (info.bytesPerPixel + 7) / 8;
+      info.pitch = (int)info.width * info.bytesPerPixel;
+    }
+
+    if(fourCC == (unsigned)FourCC::PLTE) {
+      if(length % 3) return false;
+      for(unsigned n = 0, p = offset + 8; n < length / 3; n++) {
+        info.palette[n][0] = sourceData[p++];
+        info.palette[n][1] = sourceData[p++];
+        info.palette[n][2] = sourceData[p++];
+      }
+    }
+
+    if(fourCC == (unsigned)FourCC::IDAT) {
+      compressedData = (uint8_t*)realloc(compressedData, compressedSize + length);
+      memcpy(compressedData + compressedSize, sourceData + offset + 8, length);
+      compressedSize += length;
+    }
+
+    if(fourCC == (unsigned)FourCC::IEND) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    offset += 4 + 4 + length + 4;
+  }
+
+  unsigned interlacedSize = inflateSize();
+  uint8_t *interlacedData = new uint8_t[interlacedSize];
+
+  bool result = inflate(interlacedData, interlacedSize, compressedData + 2, compressedSize - 6);
+  delete[] compressedData;
+
+  if(result == false) {
+    delete[] interlacedData;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  size = info.width * info.height * info.bytesPerPixel;
+  data = new uint8_t[size];
+
+  if(info.interlaceMethod == 0) {
+    if(filter(data, interlacedData, info.width, info.height) == false) {
+      delete[] interlacedData;
+      delete[] data;
+      data = 0;
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else {
+    const uint8_t *passData = interlacedData;
+    for(unsigned pass = 0; pass < 7; pass++) {
+      if(deinterlace(passData, pass) == false) {
+        delete[] interlacedData;
+        delete[] data;
+        data = 0;
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  delete[] interlacedData;
+  return true;
+}
+
+unsigned png::interlace(unsigned pass, unsigned index) {
+  static const unsigned data[7][4] = {
+    //x-distance, y-distance, x-origin, y-origin
+    { 8, 8, 0, 0 },
+    { 8, 8, 4, 0 },
+    { 4, 8, 0, 4 },
+    { 4, 4, 2, 0 },
+    { 2, 4, 0, 2 },
+    { 2, 2, 1, 0 },
+    { 1, 2, 0, 1 },
+  };
+  return data[pass][index];
+}
+
+unsigned png::inflateSize() {
+  if(info.interlaceMethod == 0) {
+    return info.width * info.height * info.bytesPerPixel + info.height;
+  }
+
+  unsigned size = 0;
+  for(unsigned pass = 0; pass < 7; pass++) {
+    unsigned xd = interlace(pass, 0), yd = interlace(pass, 1);
+    unsigned xo = interlace(pass, 2), yo = interlace(pass, 3);
+    unsigned width  = (info.width  + (xd - xo - 1)) / xd;
+    unsigned height = (info.height + (yd - yo - 1)) / yd;
+    if(width == 0 || height == 0) continue;
+    size += width * height * info.bytesPerPixel + height;
+  }
+  return size;
+}
+
+bool png::deinterlace(const uint8_t *&inputData, unsigned pass) {
+  unsigned xd = interlace(pass, 0), yd = interlace(pass, 1);
+  unsigned xo = interlace(pass, 2), yo = interlace(pass, 3);
+  unsigned width  = (info.width  + (xd - xo - 1)) / xd;
+  unsigned height = (info.height + (yd - yo - 1)) / yd;
+  if(width == 0 || height == 0) return true;
+
+  unsigned outputSize = width * height * info.bytesPerPixel;
+  uint8_t *outputData = new uint8_t[outputSize];
+  bool result = filter(outputData, inputData, width, height);
+
+  const uint8_t *rd = outputData;
+  for(unsigned y = yo; y < info.height; y += yd) {
+    uint8_t *wr = data + y * info.pitch;
+    for(unsigned x = xo; x < info.width; x += xd) {
+      for(unsigned b = 0; b < info.bytesPerPixel; b++) {
+        wr[x * info.bytesPerPixel + b] = *rd++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  inputData += outputSize + height;
+  delete[] outputData;
+  return result;
+}
+
+bool png::filter(uint8_t *outputData, const uint8_t *inputData, unsigned width, unsigned height) {
+  uint8_t *wr = outputData;
+  const uint8_t *rd = inputData;
+  int bpp = info.bytesPerPixel, pitch = width * bpp;
+  for(int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+    uint8_t filter = *rd++;
+
+    switch(filter) {
+    case 0x00:  //None
+      for(int x = 0; x < pitch; x++) {
+        wr[x] = rd[x];
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 0x01:  //Subtract
+      for(int x = 0; x < pitch; x++) {
+        wr[x] = rd[x] + (x - bpp < 0 ? 0 : wr[x - bpp]);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 0x02:  //Above
+      for(int x = 0; x < pitch; x++) {
+        wr[x] = rd[x] + (y - 1 < 0 ? 0 : wr[x - pitch]);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 0x03:  //Average
+      for(int x = 0; x < pitch; x++) {
+        short a = x - bpp < 0 ? 0 : wr[x - bpp];
+        short b = y - 1 < 0 ? 0 : wr[x - pitch];
+
+        wr[x] = rd[x] + (uint8_t)((a + b) / 2);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case 0x04:  //Paeth
+      for(int x = 0; x < pitch; x++) {
+        short a = x - bpp < 0 ? 0 : wr[x - bpp];
+        short b = y - 1 < 0 ? 0 : wr[x - pitch];
+        short c = x - bpp < 0 || y - 1 < 0 ? 0 : wr[x - pitch - bpp];
+
+        short p = a + b - c;
+        short pa = p > a ? p - a : a - p;
+        short pb = p > b ? p - b : b - p;
+        short pc = p > c ? p - c : c - p;
+
+        uint8_t paeth = (uint8_t)((pa <= pb && pa <= pc) ? a : (pb <= pc) ? b : c);
+
+        wr[x] = rd[x] + paeth;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    default:  //Invalid
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    rd += pitch;
+    wr += pitch;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+unsigned png::read(const uint8_t *data, unsigned length) {
+  unsigned result = 0;
+  while(length--) result = (result << 8) | (*data++);
+  return result;
+}
+
+unsigned png::readbits(const uint8_t *&data) {
+  unsigned result = 0;
+  switch(info.bitDepth) {
+  case 1:
+    result = (*data >> bitpos) & 1;
+    bitpos++;
+    if(bitpos == 8) { data++; bitpos = 0; }
+    break;
+  case 2:
+    result = (*data >> bitpos) & 3;
+    bitpos += 2;
+    if(bitpos == 8) { data++; bitpos = 0; }
+    break;
+  case 4:
+    result = (*data >> bitpos) & 15;
+    bitpos += 4;
+    if(bitpos == 8) { data++; bitpos = 0; }
+    break;
+  case 8:
+    result = *data++;
+    break;
+  case 16:
+    result = (data[0] << 8) | (data[1] << 0);
+    data += 2;
+    break;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+png::png() : data(nullptr) {
+  bitpos = 0;
+}
+
+png::~png() {
+  if(data) delete[] data;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/priority-queue.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#ifndef NALL_PRIORITY_QUEUE_HPP
+#define NALL_PRIORITY_QUEUE_HPP
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <nall/function.hpp>
+#include <nall/serializer.hpp>
+#include <nall/utility.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+  template<typename type_t> void priority_queue_nocallback(type_t) {}
+
+  //priority queue implementation using binary min-heap array;
+  //does not require normalize() function.
+  //O(1)     find   (tick)
+  //O(log n) append (enqueue)
+  //O(log n) remove (dequeue)
+  template<typename type_t> class priority_queue {
+  public:
+    inline void tick(unsigned ticks) {
+      basecounter += ticks;
+      while(heapsize && gte(basecounter, heap[0].counter)) callback(dequeue());
+    }
+
+    //counter is relative to current time (eg enqueue(64, ...) fires in 64 ticks);
+    //counter cannot exceed std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max() >> 1.
+    void enqueue(unsigned counter, type_t event) {
+      unsigned child = heapsize++;
+      counter += basecounter;
+
+      while(child) {
+        unsigned parent = (child - 1) >> 1;
+        if(gte(counter, heap[parent].counter)) break;
+
+        heap[child].counter = heap[parent].counter;
+        heap[child].event = heap[parent].event;
+        child = parent;
+      }
+
+      heap[child].counter = counter;
+      heap[child].event = event;
+    }
+
+    type_t dequeue() {
+      type_t event(heap[0].event);
+      unsigned parent = 0;
+      unsigned counter = heap[--heapsize].counter;
+
+      while(true) {
+        unsigned child = (parent << 1) + 1;
+        if(child >= heapsize) break;
+        if(child + 1 < heapsize && gte(heap[child].counter, heap[child + 1].counter)) child++;
+        if(gte(heap[child].counter, counter)) break;
+
+        heap[parent].counter = heap[child].counter;
+        heap[parent].event = heap[child].event;
+        parent = child;
+      }
+
+      heap[parent].counter = counter;
+      heap[parent].event = heap[heapsize].event;
+      return event;
+    }
+
+    void reset() {
+      basecounter = 0;
+      heapsize = 0;
+    }
+
+    void serialize(serializer &s) {
+      s.integer(basecounter);
+      s.integer(heapsize);
+      for(unsigned n = 0; n < heapcapacity; n++) {
+        s.integer(heap[n].counter);
+        s.integer(heap[n].event);
+      }
+    }
+
+    priority_queue(unsigned size, function<void (type_t)> callback_ = &priority_queue_nocallback<type_t>)
+    : callback(callback_) {
+      heap = new heap_t[size];
+      heapcapacity = size;
+      reset();
+    }
+
+    ~priority_queue() {
+      delete[] heap;
+    }
+
+    priority_queue& operator=(const priority_queue&) = delete;
+    priority_queue(const priority_queue&) = delete;
+
+  private:
+    function<void (type_t)> callback;
+    unsigned basecounter;
+    unsigned heapsize;
+    unsigned heapcapacity;
+    struct heap_t {
+      unsigned counter;
+      type_t event;
+    } *heap;
+
+    //return true if x is greater than or equal to y
+    inline bool gte(unsigned x, unsigned y) {
+      return x - y < (std::numeric_limits<unsigned>::max() >> 1);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/serial.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#ifndef NALL_SERIAL_HPP
+#define NALL_SERIAL_HPP
+
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <termios.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+  struct serial {
+    bool readable() {
+      if(port_open == false) return false;
+      fd_set fdset;
+      FD_ZERO(&fdset);
+      FD_SET(port, &fdset);
+      timeval timeout;
+      timeout.tv_sec = 0;
+      timeout.tv_usec = 0;
+      int result = select(FD_SETSIZE, &fdset, nullptr, nullptr, &timeout);
+      if(result < 1) return false;
+      return FD_ISSET(port, &fdset);
+    }
+
+    //-1 on error, otherwise return bytes read
+    int read(uint8_t *data, unsigned length) {
+      if(port_open == false) return -1;
+      return ::read(port, (void*)data, length);
+    }
+
+    bool writable() {
+      if(port_open == false) return false;
+      fd_set fdset;
+      FD_ZERO(&fdset);
+      FD_SET(port, &fdset);
+      timeval timeout;
+      timeout.tv_sec = 0;
+      timeout.tv_usec = 0;
+      int result = select(FD_SETSIZE, nullptr, &fdset, nullptr, &timeout);
+      if(result < 1) return false;
+      return FD_ISSET(port, &fdset);
+    }
+
+    //-1 on error, otherwise return bytes written
+    int write(const uint8_t *data, unsigned length) {
+      if(port_open == false) return -1;
+      return ::write(port, (void*)data, length);
+    }
+
+    bool open(const char *portname, unsigned rate, bool flowcontrol) {
+      close();
+
+      port = ::open(portname, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY | O_NONBLOCK);
+      if(port == -1) return false;
+
+      if(ioctl(port, TIOCEXCL) == -1) { close(); return false; }
+      if(fcntl(port, F_SETFL, 0) == -1) { close(); return false; }
+      if(tcgetattr(port, &original_attr) == -1) { close(); return false; }
+
+      termios attr = original_attr;
+      cfmakeraw(&attr);
+      cfsetspeed(&attr, rate);
+
+      attr.c_lflag &=~ (ECHO | ECHONL | ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN);
+      attr.c_iflag &=~ (BRKINT | PARMRK | INPCK | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | ICRNL | IXON | IXOFF | IXANY);
+      attr.c_iflag |=  (IGNBRK | IGNPAR);
+      attr.c_oflag &=~ (OPOST);
+      attr.c_cflag &=~ (CSIZE | CSTOPB | PARENB | CLOCAL);
+      attr.c_cflag |=  (CS8 | CREAD);
+      if(flowcontrol == false) {
+        attr.c_cflag &= ~CRTSCTS;
+      } else {
+        attr.c_cflag |=  CRTSCTS;
+      }
+      attr.c_cc[VTIME] = attr.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
+
+      if(tcsetattr(port, TCSANOW, &attr) == -1) { close(); return false; }
+      return port_open = true;
+    }
+
+    void close() {
+      if(port != -1) {
+        tcdrain(port);
+        if(port_open == true) {
+          tcsetattr(port, TCSANOW, &original_attr);
+          port_open = false;
+        }
+        ::close(port);
+        port = -1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    serial() {
+      port = -1;
+      port_open = false;
+    }
+
+    ~serial() {
+      close();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    int port;
+    bool port_open;
+    termios original_attr;
+  };
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/serializer.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#ifndef NALL_SERIALIZER_HPP
+#define NALL_SERIALIZER_HPP
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/utility.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+  //serializer: a class designed to save and restore the state of classes.
+  //
+  //benefits:
+  //- data() will be portable in size (it is not necessary to specify type sizes.)
+  //- data() will be portable in endianness (always stored internally as little-endian.)
+  //- one serialize function can both save and restore class states.
+  //
+  //caveats:
+  //- only plain-old-data can be stored. complex classes must provide serialize(serializer&);
+  //- floating-point usage is not portable across platforms
+
+  class serializer {
+  public:
+    enum mode_t { Load, Save, Size };
+
+    mode_t mode() const {
+      return imode;
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t* data() const {
+      return idata;
+    }
+
+    unsigned size() const {
+      return isize;
+    }
+
+    unsigned capacity() const {
+      return icapacity;
+    }
+
+    template<typename T> void floatingpoint(T &value) {
+      enum { size = sizeof(T) };
+      //this is rather dangerous, and not cross-platform safe;
+      //but there is no standardized way to export FP-values
+      uint8_t *p = (uint8_t*)&value;
+      if(imode == Save) {
+        for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) idata[isize++] = p[n];
+      } else if(imode == Load) {
+        for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) p[n] = idata[isize++];
+      } else {
+        isize += size;
+      }
+    }
+
+    template<typename T> void integer(T &value) {
+      enum { size = std::is_same<bool, T>::value ? 1 : sizeof(T) };
+      if(imode == Save) {
+        for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) idata[isize++] = (uintmax_t)value >> (n << 3);
+      } else if(imode == Load) {
+        value = 0;
+        for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) value |= (uintmax_t)idata[isize++] << (n << 3);
+      } else if(imode == Size) {
+        isize += size;
+      }
+    }
+
+    template<typename T> void array(T &array) {
+      enum { size = sizeof(T) / sizeof(typename std::remove_extent<T>::type) };
+      for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) integer(array[n]);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T> void array(T array, unsigned size) {
+      for(unsigned n = 0; n < size; n++) integer(array[n]);
+    }
+
+    //copy
+    serializer& operator=(const serializer &s) {
+      if(idata) delete[] idata;
+
+      imode = s.imode;
+      idata = new uint8_t[s.icapacity];
+      isize = s.isize;
+      icapacity = s.icapacity;
+
+      memcpy(idata, s.idata, s.icapacity);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    serializer(const serializer &s) : idata(0) {
+      operator=(s);
+    }
+
+    //move
+    serializer& operator=(serializer &&s) {
+      if(idata) delete[] idata;
+
+      imode = s.imode;
+      idata = s.idata;
+      isize = s.isize;
+      icapacity = s.icapacity;
+
+      s.idata = 0;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    serializer(serializer &&s) {
+      operator=(std::move(s));
+    }
+
+    //construction
+    serializer() {
+      imode = Size;
+      idata = 0;
+      isize = 0;
+      icapacity = 0;
+    }
+
+    serializer(unsigned capacity) {
+      imode = Save;
+      idata = new uint8_t[capacity]();
+      isize = 0;
+      icapacity = capacity;
+    }
+
+    serializer(const uint8_t *data, unsigned capacity) {
+      imode = Load;
+      idata = new uint8_t[capacity];
+      isize = 0;
+      icapacity = capacity;
+      memcpy(idata, data, capacity);
+    }
+
+    ~serializer() {
+      if(idata) delete[] idata;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    mode_t imode;
+    uint8_t *idata;
+    unsigned isize;
+    unsigned icapacity;
+  };
+
+};
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/set.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#ifndef NALL_SET_HPP
+#define NALL_SET_HPP
+
+//set
+//* unordered
+//* intended for unique items
+//* dynamic growth
+//* reference-based variant
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <utility>
+#include <nall/algorithm.hpp>
+#include <nall/bit.hpp>
+#include <nall/sort.hpp>
+#include <nall/traits.hpp>
+#include <nall/utility.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+template<typename T, typename Enable = void> struct set;
+
+template<typename T> struct set<T, typename std::enable_if<!std::is_reference<T>::value>::type> {
+  struct exception_out_of_bounds{};
+
+protected:
+  T *pool;
+  unsigned poolsize, objectsize;
+
+public:
+  unsigned size() const { return objectsize; }
+  unsigned capacity() const { return poolsize; }
+};
+
+//reference set
+template<typename TR> struct set<TR, typename std::enable_if<std::is_reference<TR>::value>::type> {
+  struct exception_out_of_bounds{};
+
+protected:
+  typedef typename std::remove_reference<TR>::type T;
+  T **pool;
+  unsigned poolsize, objectsize;
+
+public:
+  unsigned size() const { return objectsize; }
+  unsigned capacity() const { return poolsize; }
+
+  void reset() {
+    if(pool) free(pool);
+    pool = nullptr;
+    poolsize = 0;
+    objectsize = 0;
+  }
+
+  void reserve(unsigned size) {
+    if(size == poolsize) return;
+    pool = (T**)realloc(pool, sizeof(T*) * size);
+    poolsize = size;
+    objectsize = min(objectsize, size);
+  }
+
+  void resize(unsigned size) {
+    if(size > poolsize) reserve(bit::round(size));  //amortize growth
+    objectsize = size;
+  }
+
+  bool append(T& data) {
+    if(find(data)) return false;
+    unsigned offset = objectsize++;
+    if(offset >= poolsize) resize(offset + 1);
+    pool[offset] = &data;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  template<typename... Args>
+  bool append(T& data, Args&&... args) {
+    bool result = append(data);
+    append(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  bool remove(T& data) {
+    if(auto position = find(data)) {
+      for(signed i = position(); i < objectsize - 1; i++) pool[i] = pool[i + 1];
+      resize(objectsize - 1);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  optional<unsigned> find(const T& data) {
+    for(unsigned n = 0; n < objectsize; n++) if(pool[n] == &data) return {true, n};
+    return {false, 0u};
+  }
+
+  template<typename... Args> set(Args&&... args) : pool(nullptr), poolsize(0), objectsize(0) {
+    construct(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  ~set() {
+    reset();
+  }
+
+  set& operator=(const set &source) {
+    if(&source == this) return *this;
+    if(pool) free(pool);
+    objectsize = source.objectsize;
+    poolsize = source.poolsize;
+    pool = (T**)malloc(sizeof(T*) * poolsize);
+    memcpy(pool, source.pool, sizeof(T*) * objectsize);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  set& operator=(const set &&source) {
+    if(&source == this) return *this;
+    if(pool) free(pool);
+    pool = source.pool;
+    poolsize = source.poolsize;
+    objectsize = source.objectsize;
+    source.pool = nullptr;
+    source.reset();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  T& operator[](unsigned position) const {
+    if(position >= objectsize) throw exception_out_of_bounds();
+    return *pool[position];
+  }
+
+  struct iterator {
+    bool operator!=(const iterator &source) const { return position != source.position; }
+    T& operator*() { return source.operator[](position); }
+    iterator& operator++() { position++; return *this; }
+    iterator(const set &source, unsigned position) : source(source), position(position) {}
+  private:
+    const set &source;
+    unsigned position;
+  };
+
+  iterator begin() { return iterator(*this, 0); }
+  iterator end() { return iterator(*this, objectsize); }
+  const iterator begin() const { return iterator(*this, 0); }
+  const iterator end() const { return iterator(*this, objectsize); }
+
+private:
+  void construct() {}
+  void construct(const set &source) { operator=(source); }
+  void construct(const set &&source) { operator=(std::move(source)); }
+  template<typename... Args> void construct(T& data, Args&&... args) {
+    append(data);
+    construct(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/sort.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#ifndef NALL_SORT_HPP
+#define NALL_SORT_HPP
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <nall/utility.hpp>
+
+//class:   merge sort
+//average: O(n log n)
+//worst:   O(n log n)
+//memory:  O(n)
+//stack:   O(log n)
+//stable?: yes
+
+//note: merge sort was chosen over quick sort, because:
+//* it is a stable sort
+//* it lacks O(n^2) worst-case overhead
+
+#define NALL_SORT_INSERTION
+//#define NALL_SORT_SELECTION
+
+namespace nall {
+  template<typename T, typename Comparator>
+  void sort(T list[], unsigned size, const Comparator &lessthan) {
+    if(size <= 1) return;  //nothing to sort
+
+    //use insertion sort to quickly sort smaller blocks
+    if(size < 64) {
+      #if defined(NALL_SORT_INSERTION)
+      for(signed i = 1, j; i < size; i++) {
+        T copy = std::move(list[i]);
+        for(j = i - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+          if(!lessthan(copy, list[j])) break;
+          list[j + 1] = std::move(list[j]);
+        }
+        list[j + 1] = std::move(copy);
+      }
+      #elif defined(NALL_SORT_SELECTION)
+      for(unsigned i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        unsigned min = i;
+        for(unsigned j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {
+          if(lessthan(list[j], list[min])) min = j;
+        }
+        if(min != i) std::swap(list[i], list[min]);
+      }
+      #endif
+      return;
+    }
+
+    //split list in half and recursively sort both
+    unsigned middle = size / 2;
+    sort(list, middle, lessthan);
+    sort(list + middle, size - middle, lessthan);
+
+    //left and right are sorted here; perform merge sort
+    T *buffer = new T[size];
+    unsigned offset = 0, left = 0, right = middle;
+    while(left < middle && right < size) {
+      if(!lessthan(list[right], list[left])) {
+        buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[left++]);
+      } else {
+        buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[right++]);
+      }
+    }
+    while(left < middle) buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[left++]);
+    while(right < size)  buffer[offset++] = std::move(list[right++]);
+
+    for(unsigned i = 0; i < size; i++) list[i] = std::move(buffer[i]);
+    delete[] buffer;
+  }
+
+  template<typename T>
+  void sort(T list[], unsigned size) {
+    return sort(list, size, [](const T &l, const T &r) { return l < r; });
+  }
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/stdint.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef NALL_STDINT_HPP
+#define NALL_STDINT_HPP
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+  typedef signed char int8_t;
+  typedef signed short int16_t;
+  typedef signed int int32_t;
+  typedef signed long long int64_t;
+  typedef int64_t intmax_t;
+  #if defined(_WIN64)
+  typedef int64_t intptr_t;
+  #else
+  typedef int32_t intptr_t;
+  #endif
+
+  typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
+  typedef unsigned short uint16_t;
+  typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
+  typedef unsigned long long uint64_t;
+  typedef uint64_t uintmax_t;
+  #if defined(_WIN64)
+  typedef uint64_t uintptr_t;
+  #else
+  typedef uint32_t uintptr_t;
+  #endif
+#else
+  #include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace nall {
+  static_assert(sizeof(int8_t)   == 1, "int8_t is not of the correct size" );
+  static_assert(sizeof(int16_t)  == 2, "int16_t is not of the correct size");
+  static_assert(sizeof(int32_t)  == 4, "int32_t is not of the correct size");
+  static_assert(sizeof(int64_t)  == 8, "int64_t is not of the correct size");
+
+  static_assert(sizeof(uint8_t)  == 1, "int8_t is not of the correct size" );
+  static_assert(sizeof(uint16_t) == 2, "int16_t is not of the correct size");
+  static_assert(sizeof(uint32_t) == 4, "int32_t is not of the correct size");
+  static_assert(sizeof(uint64_t) == 8, "int64_t is not of the correct size");
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/stream.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#ifndef NALL_STREAM_HPP
+#define NALL_STREAM_HPP
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/filemap.hpp>
+#include <nall/gzip.hpp>
+#include <nall/http.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/string.hpp>
+#include <nall/zip.hpp>
+
+#define NALL_STREAM_INTERNAL_HPP
+#include <nall/stream/stream.hpp>
+#include <nall/stream/memory.hpp>
+#include <nall/stream/mmap.hpp>
+#include <nall/stream/file.hpp>
+#include <nall/stream/http.hpp>
+#include <nall/stream/gzip.hpp>
+#include <nall/stream/zip.hpp>
+#include <nall/stream/auto.hpp>
+#undef NALL_STREAM_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/stream/auto.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#ifndef NALL_STREAM_AUTO_HPP
+#define NALL_STREAM_AUTO_HPP
+
+namespace nall {
+
+#define autostream(...) (*makestream(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+inline std::unique_ptr<stream> makestream(const string &path) {
+  if(path.ibeginswith("http://")) return std::unique_ptr<stream>(new httpstream(path, 80));
+  if(path.iendswith(".gz")) return std::unique_ptr<stream>(new gzipstream(filestream{path}));
+  if(path.iendswith(".zip")) return std::unique_ptr<stream>(new zipstream(filestream{path}));
+  return std::unique_ptr<stream>(new mmapstream(path));
+}
+
+inline std::unique_ptr<stream> makestream(uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  return std::unique_ptr<stream>(new memorystream(data, size));
+}
+
+inline std::unique_ptr<stream> makestream(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+  return std::unique_ptr<stream>(new memorystream(data, size));
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/stream/file.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef NALL_STREAM_FILE_HPP
+#define NALL_STREAM_FILE_HPP
+
+#include <nall/file.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct filestream : stream {
+  using stream::read;
+  using stream::write;
+
+  bool seekable() const { return true; }
+  bool readable() const { return true; }
+  bool writable() const { return pwritable; }
+  bool randomaccess() const { return false; }
+
+  unsigned size() const { return pfile.size(); }
+  unsigned offset() const { return pfile.offset(); }
+  void seek(unsigned offset) const { pfile.seek(offset); }
+
+  uint8_t read() const { return pfile.read(); }
+  void write(uint8_t data) const { pfile.write(data); }
+
+  filestream(const string &filename) {
+    pfile.open(filename, file::mode::readwrite);
+    pwritable = pfile.open();
+    if(!pwritable) pfile.open(filename, file::mode::read);
+  }
+
+  filestream(const string &filename, file::mode mode) {
+    pfile.open(filename, mode);
+    pwritable = mode == file::mode::write || mode == file::mode::readwrite;
+  }
+
+private:
+  mutable file pfile;
+  bool pwritable;
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/stream/gzip.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#ifndef NALL_STREAM_GZIP_HPP
+#define NALL_STREAM_GZIP_HPP
+
+#include <nall/gzip.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct gzipstream : memorystream {
+  using stream::read;
+  using stream::write;
+
+  gzipstream(const stream &stream) {
+    unsigned size = stream.size();
+    uint8_t *data = new uint8_t[size];
+    stream.read(data, size);
+
+    gzip archive;
+    bool result = archive.decompress(data, size);
+    delete[] data;
+    if(result == false) return;
+
+    psize = archive.size;
+    pdata = new uint8_t[psize];
+    memcpy(pdata, archive.data, psize);
+  }
+
+  ~gzipstream() {
+    if(pdata) delete[] pdata;
+  }
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/stream/http.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#ifndef NALL_STREAM_HTTP_HPP
+#define NALL_STREAM_HTTP_HPP
+
+#include <nall/http.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct httpstream : stream {
+  using stream::read;
+  using stream::write;
+
+  bool seekable() const { return true; }
+  bool readable() const { return true; }
+  bool writable() const { return true; }
+  bool randomaccess() const { return true; }
+
+  unsigned size() const { return psize; }
+  unsigned offset() const { return poffset; }
+  void seek(unsigned offset) const { poffset = offset; }
+
+  uint8_t read() const { return pdata[poffset++]; }
+  void write(uint8_t data) const { pdata[poffset++] = data; }
+
+  uint8_t read(unsigned offset) const { return pdata[offset]; }
+  void write(unsigned offset, uint8_t data) const { pdata[offset] = data; }
+
+  httpstream(const string &url, unsigned port) : pdata(nullptr), psize(0), poffset(0) {
+    string uri = url;
+    uri.ltrim<1>("http://");
+    lstring part = uri.split<1>("/");
+    part[1] = { "/", part[1] };
+
+    http connection;
+    if(connection.connect(part[0], port) == false) return;
+    connection.download(part[1], pdata, psize);
+  }
+
+  ~httpstream() {
+    if(pdata) delete[] pdata;
+  }
+
+private:
+  mutable uint8_t *pdata;
+  mutable unsigned psize, poffset;
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/stream/memory.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#ifndef NALL_STREAM_MEMORY_HPP
+#define NALL_STREAM_MEMORY_HPP
+
+#include <nall/stream/stream.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct memorystream : stream {
+  using stream::read;
+  using stream::write;
+
+  bool seekable() const { return true; }
+  bool readable() const { return true; }
+  bool writable() const { return pwritable; }
+  bool randomaccess() const { return true; }
+
+  uint8_t *data() const { return pdata; }
+  unsigned size() const { return psize; }
+  unsigned offset() const { return poffset; }
+  void seek(unsigned offset) const { poffset = offset; }
+
+  uint8_t read() const { return pdata[poffset++]; }
+  void write(uint8_t data) const { pdata[poffset++] = data; }
+
+  uint8_t read(unsigned offset) const { return pdata[offset]; }
+  void write(unsigned offset, uint8_t data) const { pdata[offset] = data; }
+
+  memorystream() : pdata(nullptr), psize(0), poffset(0), pwritable(true) {}
+
+  memorystream(uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+    pdata = data, psize = size, poffset = 0;
+    pwritable = true;
+  }
+
+  memorystream(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size) {
+    pdata = (uint8_t*)data, psize = size, poffset = 0;
+    pwritable = false;
+  }
+
+protected:
+  mutable uint8_t *pdata;
+  mutable unsigned psize, poffset, pwritable;
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/stream/mmap.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef NALL_STREAM_MMAP_HPP
+#define NALL_STREAM_MMAP_HPP
+
+#include <nall/filemap.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct mmapstream : stream {
+  using stream::read;
+  using stream::write;
+
+  bool seekable() const { return true; }
+  bool readable() const { return true; }
+  bool writable() const { return pwritable; }
+  bool randomaccess() const { return true; }
+
+  unsigned size() const { return pmmap.size(); }
+  unsigned offset() const { return poffset; }
+  void seek(unsigned offset) const { poffset = offset; }
+
+  uint8_t read() const { return pdata[poffset++]; }
+  void write(uint8_t data) const { pdata[poffset++] = data; }
+
+  uint8_t read(unsigned offset) const { return pdata[offset]; }
+  void write(unsigned offset, uint8_t data) const { pdata[offset] = data; }
+
+  mmapstream(const string &filename) {
+    pmmap.open(filename, filemap::mode::readwrite);
+    pwritable = pmmap.open();
+    if(!pwritable) pmmap.open(filename, filemap::mode::read);
+    pdata = pmmap.data(), poffset = 0;
+  }
+
+private:
+  mutable filemap pmmap;
+  mutable uint8_t *pdata;
+  mutable unsigned pwritable, poffset;
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/stream/stream.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#ifndef NALL_STREAM_STREAM_HPP
+#define NALL_STREAM_STREAM_HPP
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct stream {
+  virtual bool seekable() const = 0;
+  virtual bool readable() const = 0;
+  virtual bool writable() const = 0;
+  virtual bool randomaccess() const = 0;
+
+  virtual uint8_t* data() const { return nullptr; }
+  virtual unsigned size() const = 0;
+  virtual unsigned offset() const = 0;
+  virtual void seek(unsigned offset) const = 0;
+
+  virtual uint8_t read() const = 0;
+  virtual void write(uint8_t data) const = 0;
+
+  virtual uint8_t read(unsigned) const { return 0; }
+  virtual void write(unsigned, uint8_t) const {}
+
+  operator bool() const {
+    return size();
+  }
+
+  bool empty() const {
+    return size() == 0;
+  }
+
+  bool end() const {
+    return offset() >= size();
+  }
+
+  uintmax_t readl(unsigned length = 1) const {
+    uintmax_t data = 0, shift = 0;
+    while(length--) { data |= read() << shift; shift += 8; }
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  uintmax_t readm(unsigned length = 1) const {
+    uintmax_t data = 0;
+    while(length--) data = (data << 8) | read();
+    return data;
+  }
+
+  void read(uint8_t *data, unsigned length) const {
+    while(length--) *data++ = read();
+  }
+
+  void writel(uintmax_t data, unsigned length = 1) const {
+    while(length--) {
+      write(data);
+      data >>= 8;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void writem(uintmax_t data, unsigned length = 1) const {
+    uintmax_t shift = 8 * length;
+    while(length--) {
+      shift -= 8;
+      write(data >> shift);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void write(const uint8_t *data, unsigned length) const {
+    while(length--) write(*data++);
+  }
+
+  struct byte {
+    operator uint8_t() const { return s.read(offset); }
+    byte& operator=(uint8_t data) { s.write(offset, data); return *this; }
+    byte(const stream &s, unsigned offset) : s(s), offset(offset) {}
+
+  private:
+    const stream &s;
+    const unsigned offset;
+  };
+
+  byte operator[](unsigned offset) const {
+    return byte(*this, offset);
+  }
+
+  stream() {}
+  virtual ~stream() {}
+  stream(const stream&) = delete;
+  stream& operator=(const stream&) = delete;
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/stream/vector.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef NALL_STREAM_VECTOR_HPP
+#define NALL_STREAM_VECTOR_HPP
+
+#include <nall/stream/stream.hpp>
+#include <nall/vector.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct vectorstream : stream {
+  using stream::read;
+  using stream::write;
+
+  bool seekable() const { return true; }
+  bool readable() const { return true; }
+  bool writable() const { return pwritable; }
+  bool randomaccess() const { return true; }
+
+  uint8_t* data() const { return memory.data(); }
+  unsigned size() const { return memory.size(); }
+  unsigned offset() const { return poffset; }
+  void seek(unsigned offset) const { poffset = offset; }
+
+  uint8_t read() const { return memory[poffset++]; }
+  void write(uint8_t data) const { memory[poffset++] = data; }
+
+  uint8_t read(unsigned offset) const { return memory[offset]; }
+  void write(unsigned offset, uint8_t data) const { memory[offset] = data; }
+
+  vectorstream(vector<uint8_t> &memory) : memory(memory), poffset(0), pwritable(true) {}
+  vectorstream(const vector<uint8_t> &memory) : memory((vector<uint8_t>&)memory), poffset(0), pwritable(false) {}
+
+protected:
+  vector<uint8_t> &memory;
+  mutable unsigned poffset, pwritable;
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/stream/zip.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#ifndef NALL_STREAM_ZIP_HPP
+#define NALL_STREAM_ZIP_HPP
+
+#include <nall/unzip.hpp>
+
+namespace nall {
+
+struct zipstream : memorystream {
+  using stream::read;
+  using stream::write;
+
+  zipstream(const stream &stream, const string &filter = "*") {
+    unsigned size = stream.size();
+    uint8_t *data = new uint8_t[size];
+    stream.read(data, size);
+
+    unzip archive;
+    if(archive.open(data, size) == false) return;
+    delete[] data;
+
+    for(auto &file : archive.file) {
+      if(file.name.wildcard(filter)) {
+        auto buffer = archive.extract(file);
+        psize = buffer.size();
+        pdata = buffer.move();
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~zipstream() {
+    if(pdata) delete[] pdata;
+  }
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/string.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#ifndef NALL_STRING_HPP
+#define NALL_STRING_HPP
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <initializer_list>
+
+#include <nall/atoi.hpp>
+#include <nall/function.hpp>
+#include <nall/platform.hpp>
+#include <nall/sha256.hpp>
+#include <nall/stdint.hpp>
+#include <nall/utility.hpp>
+#include <nall/varint.hpp>
+#include <nall/vector.hpp>
+
+#include <nall/windows/utf8.hpp>
+
+#define NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
+#include <nall/string/base.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/bsv.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/cast.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/compare.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/convert.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/core.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/cstring.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/datetime.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/filename.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/math-fixed-point.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/math-floating-point.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/platform.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/strm.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/strpos.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/trim.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/replace.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/split.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/static.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/utf8.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/utility.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/variadic.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/wildcard.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/wrapper.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/markup/node.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/markup/bml.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/markup/xml.hpp>
+#include <nall/string/markup/document.hpp>
+#undef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/string/base.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+#ifdef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+namespace nall {
+  struct cstring;
+  struct string;
+  struct lstring;
+  template<typename T> inline const char* to_string(T);
+
+  struct cstring {
+    inline operator const char*() const;
+    inline unsigned length() const;
+    inline bool operator==(const char*) const;
+    inline bool operator!=(const char*) const;
+    inline optional<unsigned> position(const char *key) const;
+    inline optional<unsigned> iposition(const char *key) const;
+    inline cstring& operator=(const char *data);
+    inline cstring(const char *data);
+    inline cstring();
+
+  protected:
+    const char *data;
+  };
+
+  struct string {
+    inline static string read(const string &filename);
+    inline static string date();
+    inline static string time();
+    inline static string datetime();
+
+    inline void reserve(unsigned);
+    inline bool empty() const;
+
+    template<typename... Args> inline string& assign(Args&&... args);
+    template<typename... Args> inline string& append(Args&&... args);
+
+    inline bool readfile(const string&);
+
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline string& replace(const char*, const char*);
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline string& ireplace(const char*, const char*);
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline string& qreplace(const char*, const char*);
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline string& iqreplace(const char*, const char*);
+
+    inline unsigned length() const;
+    inline unsigned capacity() const;
+
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline lstring split(const char*) const;
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline lstring isplit(const char*) const;
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline lstring qsplit(const char*) const;
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline lstring iqsplit(const char*) const;
+
+    inline bool equals(const char*) const;
+    inline bool iequals(const char*) const;
+
+    inline bool wildcard(const char*) const;
+    inline bool iwildcard(const char*) const;
+
+    inline bool beginswith(const char*) const;
+    inline bool ibeginswith(const char*) const;
+    inline bool endswith(const char*) const;
+    inline bool iendswith(const char*) const;
+
+    inline string& lower();
+    inline string& upper();
+    inline string& qlower();
+    inline string& qupper();
+    inline string& transform(const char *before, const char *after);
+
+    template<unsigned limit = 0> inline string& ltrim(const char *key = " ");
+    template<unsigned limit = 0> inline string& rtrim(const char *key = " ");
+    template<unsigned limit = 0> inline string& trim(const char *key = " ", const char *rkey = 0);
+    inline string& strip();
+
+    inline optional<unsigned> position(const char *key) const;
+    inline optional<unsigned> iposition(const char *key) const;
+    inline optional<unsigned> qposition(const char *key) const;
+    inline optional<unsigned> iqposition(const char *key) const;
+
+    inline operator const char*() const;
+    inline char* operator()();
+    inline char& operator[](int);
+
+    inline bool operator==(const char*) const;
+    inline bool operator!=(const char*) const;
+    inline bool operator< (const char*) const;
+    inline bool operator<=(const char*) const;
+    inline bool operator> (const char*) const;
+    inline bool operator>=(const char*) const;
+
+    inline string& operator=(const string&);
+    inline string& operator=(string&&);
+
+    template<typename... Args> inline string(Args&&... args);
+    inline string(const string&);
+    inline string(string&&);
+    inline ~string();
+
+    inline char* begin() { return &data[0]; }
+    inline char* end() { return &data[length()]; }
+    inline const char* begin() const { return &data[0]; }
+    inline const char* end() const { return &data[length()]; }
+
+    //internal functions
+    inline string& assign_(const char*);
+    inline string& append_(const char*);
+
+  protected:
+    char *data;
+    unsigned size;
+
+    template<unsigned Limit, bool Insensitive, bool Quoted> inline string& ureplace(const char*, const char*);
+
+  #if defined(QSTRING_H)
+  public:
+    inline operator QString() const;
+  #endif
+  };
+
+  struct lstring : vector<string> {
+    inline optional<unsigned> find(const char*) const;
+    inline string concatenate(const char*) const;
+    inline void append() {}
+    inline void isort();
+    template<typename... Args> inline void append(const string&, Args&&...);
+
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline lstring& split(const char*, const char*);
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline lstring& isplit(const char*, const char*);
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline lstring& qsplit(const char*, const char*);
+    template<unsigned Limit = 0> inline lstring& iqsplit(const char*, const char*);
+
+    inline bool operator==(const lstring&) const;
+    inline bool operator!=(const lstring&) const;
+
+    inline lstring& operator=(const lstring&);
+    inline lstring& operator=(lstring&);
+    inline lstring& operator=(lstring&&);
+
+    template<typename... Args> inline lstring(Args&&... args);
+    inline lstring(const lstring&);
+    inline lstring(lstring&);
+    inline lstring(lstring&&);
+
+  protected:
+    template<unsigned Limit, bool Insensitive, bool Quoted> inline lstring& usplit(const char*, const char*);
+  };
+
+  //compare.hpp
+  inline char chrlower(char c);
+  inline char chrupper(char c);
+  inline int istrcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2);
+  inline bool strbegin(const char *str, const char *key);
+  inline bool istrbegin(const char *str, const char *key);
+  inline bool strend(const char *str, const char *key);
+  inline bool istrend(const char *str, const char *key);
+
+  //convert.hpp
+  inline char* strlower(char *str);
+  inline char* strupper(char *str);
+  inline char* qstrlower(char *str);
+  inline char* qstrupper(char *str);
+  inline char* strtr(char *dest, const char *before, const char *after);
+
+  //math.hpp
+  inline bool strint(const char *str, int &result);
+  inline bool strmath(const char *str, int &result);
+
+  //platform.hpp
+  inline string activepath();
+  inline string realpath(const string &name);
+  inline string userpath();
+  inline string configpath();
+  inline string temppath();
+
+  //strm.hpp
+  inline unsigned strmcpy(char *target, const char *source, unsigned length);
+  inline unsigned strmcat(char *target, const char *source, unsigned length);
+  inline bool strccpy(char *target, const char *source, unsigned length);
+  inline bool strccat(char *target, const char *source, unsigned length);
+  inline void strpcpy(char *&target, const char *source, unsigned &length);
+
+  //strpos.hpp
+  inline optional<unsigned> strpos(const char *str, const char *key);
+  inline optional<unsigned> istrpos(const char *str, const char *key);
+  inline optional<unsigned> qstrpos(const char *str, const char *key);
+  inline optional<unsigned> iqstrpos(const char *str, const char *key);
+  template<bool Insensitive = false, bool Quoted = false> inline optional<unsigned> ustrpos(const char *str, const char *key);
+
+  //trim.hpp
+  template<unsigned limit = 0> inline char* ltrim(char *str, const char *key = " ");
+  template<unsigned limit = 0> inline char* rtrim(char *str, const char *key = " ");
+  template<unsigned limit = 0> inline char* trim(char *str, const char *key = " ", const char *rkey = 0);
+  inline char* strip(char *s);
+
+  //utility.hpp
+  template<bool Insensitive> alwaysinline bool chrequal(char x, char y);
+  template<bool Quoted, typename T> alwaysinline bool quoteskip(T *&p);
+  template<bool Quoted, typename T> alwaysinline bool quotecopy(char *&t, T *&p);
+  inline string substr(const char *src, unsigned start = 0, unsigned length = ~0u);
+  inline string sha256(const uint8_t *data, unsigned size);
+
+  inline char* integer(char *result, intmax_t value);
+  inline char* decimal(char *result, uintmax_t value);
+
+  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = ' '> inline string integer(intmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = ' '> inline string linteger(intmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = ' '> inline string decimal(uintmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = ' '> inline string ldecimal(uintmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = '0'> inline string hex(uintmax_t value);
+  template<unsigned length = 0, char padding = '0'> inline string binary(uintmax_t value);
+  inline unsigned fp(char *str, long double value);
+  inline string fp(long double value);
+
+  //variadic.hpp
+  template<typename... Args> inline void print(Args&&... args);
+
+  //wildcard.hpp
+  inline bool wildcard(const char *str, const char *pattern);
+  inline bool iwildcard(const char *str, const char *pattern);
+};
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/string/cast.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+#ifdef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+namespace nall {
+
+//convert any (supported) type to a const char* without constructing a new nall::string
+//this is used inside istring(...) to build nall::string values
+template<typename T> struct stringify;
+
+// base types
+
+template<> struct stringify<bool> {
+  bool value;
+  operator const char*() const { return value ? "true" : "false"; }
+  stringify(bool value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<char> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(char value) { integer(data, value); }
+};
+
+// signed integers
+
+template<> struct stringify<signed char> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(signed char value) { integer(data, value); }
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<signed short> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(signed short value) { integer(data, value); }
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<signed int> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(signed int value) { integer(data, value); }
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<signed long> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(signed long value) { integer(data, value); }
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<signed long long> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(signed long long value) { integer(data, value); }
+};
+
+template<unsigned bits> struct stringify<int_t<bits>> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(int_t<bits> value) { integer(data, value); }
+};
+
+// unsigned integers
+
+template<> struct stringify<unsigned char> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(unsigned char value) { decimal(data, value); }
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<unsigned short> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(unsigned short value) { decimal(data, value); }
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<unsigned int> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(unsigned int value) { decimal(data, value); }
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<unsigned long> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(unsigned long value) { decimal(data, value); }
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<unsigned long long> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(unsigned long long value) { decimal(data, value); }
+};
+
+template<unsigned bits> struct stringify<uint_t<bits>> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(uint_t<bits> value) { decimal(data, value); }
+};
+
+// floating-point
+
+template<> struct stringify<float> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(float value) { fp(data, value); }
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<double> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(double value) { fp(data, value); }
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<long double> {
+  char data[256];
+  operator const char*() const { return data; }
+  stringify(long double value) { fp(data, value); }
+};
+
+// strings
+
+template<> struct stringify<char*> {
+  const char *value;
+  operator const char*() const { return value; }
+  stringify(char *value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<const char*> {
+  const char *value;
+  operator const char*() const { return value; }
+  stringify(const char *value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<string> {
+  const string &value;
+  operator const char*() const { return value; }
+  stringify(const string &value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<const string&> {
+  const string &value;
+  operator const char*() const { return value; }
+  stringify(const string &value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<cstring> {
+  const char *value;
+  operator const char*() const { return value; }
+  stringify(const cstring &value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<const cstring&> {
+  const char *value;
+  operator const char*() const { return value; }
+  stringify(const cstring &value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+#if defined(QSTRING_H)
+
+template<> struct stringify<QString> {
+  const QString &value;
+  operator const char*() const { return value.toUtf8().constData(); }
+  stringify(const QString &value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+template<> struct stringify<const QString&> {
+  const QString &value;
+  operator const char*() const { return value.toUtf8().constData(); }
+  stringify(const QString &value) : value(value) {}
+};
+
+string::operator QString() const {
+  return QString::fromUtf8(*this);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+//
+
+template<typename T> stringify<T> make_string(T value) {
+  return stringify<T>(std::forward<T>(value));
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif

ananke/nall/string/compare.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#ifdef NALL_STRING_INTERNAL_HPP
+
+namespace nall {
+
+char chrlower(char c) {
+  return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ? c + ('a' - 'A') : c;
+}
+
+char chrupper(char c) {
+  return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ? c - ('a' - 'A') : c;
+}
+
+int istrcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2) {
+  while(*str1) {
+    if(chrlower(*str1) != chrlower(*str2)) break;
+    str1++, str2++;
+  }
+  return (int)chrlower(*str1) - (int)chrlower(*str2);
+}
+
+bool strbegin(const char *str, const char *key) {
+  int i, ssl = strlen(str), ksl = strlen(key);
+
+  if(ksl > ssl) return false;
+  return (!memcmp(str, key, ksl));
+}
+
+bool istrbegin(const char *str, const char *key) {
+  int ssl = strlen(str), ksl = strlen(key);
+
+  if(ksl > ssl) return false;
+  for(int i = 0; i < ksl; i++) {
+    if(str[i] >= 'A' && str[i] <= 'Z') {
+      if(str[i] != key[i] && str[i]+0x20 != key[i])return false;
+    } else if(str[i] >= 'a' && str[i] <= 'z') {
+      if(str[i] != key[i] && str[i]-0x20 != key[i])return false;
+    } else {
+      if(str[i] != key[i])return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool strend(const char *str, const char *key) {
+  int ssl = strlen(str), ksl = strlen(key);
+
+  if(ksl > ssl) return false;
+  return (!memcmp(str + ssl - ksl, key, ksl));
+}
+
+bool istrend(const char *str, const char *key) {
+  int ssl = strlen(str), ksl = strlen(key);
+
+  if(ksl > ssl) return false;
+  for(int i = ssl - ksl, z = 0; i < ssl; i++, z++) {
+    if(str[i] >= 'A' && str[i] <= 'Z') {
+      if(str[i] != key[z] && str[i]+0x20 != key[z])return false;
+    } else if(str[i] >= 'a' && str[i] <= 'z') {
+      if(str[i] != key[z] && str[i]-0x20 != key[z])return false;
+    } else {
+      if(str[i] != key[z])return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif